1025:, in which what one hears is a combination of perception and biological aspects. The information intercepted by the passage of sound waves through the ear is understood and interpreted through the brain, emphasizing the connection between the mind and acoustics. Psychological changes have been seen as brain waves slow down or speed up as a result of varying auditory stimulus which can in turn affect the way one thinks, feels, or even behaves. This correlation can be viewed in normal, everyday situations in which listening to an upbeat or uptempo song can cause one's foot to start tapping or a slower song can leave one feeling calm and serene. In a deeper biological look at the phenomenon of psychoacoustics, it was discovered that the central nervous system is activated by basic acoustical characteristics of music. By observing how the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spine, is influenced by acoustics, the pathway in which acoustic affects the mind, and essentially the body, is evident.
765:, also known as the archaeology of sound, is one of the only ways to experience the past with senses other than our eyes. Archaeoacoustics is studied by testing the acoustic properties of prehistoric sites, including caves. Iegor Rezkinoff, a sound archaeologist, studies the acoustic properties of caves through natural sounds like humming and whistling. Archaeological theories of acoustics are focused around ritualistic purposes as well as a way of echolocation in the caves. In archaeology, acoustic sounds and rituals directly correlate as specific sounds were meant to bring ritual participants closer to a spiritual awakening. Parallels can also be drawn between cave wall paintings and the acoustic properties of the cave; they are both dynamic. Because archaeoacoustics is a fairly new archaeological subject, acoustic sound is still being tested in these prehistoric sites today.
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242:) Vitruvius describes sound as a wave comparable to a water wave extended to three dimensions, which, when interrupted by obstructions, would flow back and break up following waves. He described the ascending seats in ancient theaters as designed to prevent this deterioration of sound and also recommended bronze vessels (echea) of appropriate sizes be placed in theaters to resonate with the fourth, fifth and so on, up to the double octave, in order to resonate with the more desirable, harmonious notes.
160:
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444:, but the phenomena that emerge from it are varied and often complex. The wave carries energy throughout the propagating medium. Eventually this energy is transduced again into other forms, in ways that again may be natural and/or volitionally contrived. The final effect may be purely physical or it may reach far into the biological or volitional domains. The five basic steps are found equally well whether we are talking about an
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environments are hospitals, classrooms, dwellings, performance venues, recording and broadcasting studios. Focus considerations include room acoustics, airborne and impact transmission in building structures, airborne and structure-borne noise control, noise control of building systems and electroacoustic systems
861:
Architectural acoustics (also known as building acoustics) involves the scientific understanding of how to achieve good sound within a building. It typically involves the study of speech intelligibility, speech privacy, music quality, and vibration reduction in the built environment. Commonly studied
194:
on a string. He is reputed to have observed that when the lengths of vibrating strings are expressible as ratios of integers (e.g. 2 to 3, 3 to 4), the tones produced will be harmonious, and the smaller the integers the more harmonious the sounds. For example, a string of a certain length would sound
94:
is one of the most distinctive characteristics of human development and culture. Accordingly, the science of acoustics spreads across many facets of human society—music, medicine, architecture, industrial production, warfare and more. Likewise, animal species such as songbirds and frogs use sound and
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Environmental acoustics is concerned with noise and vibration caused by railways, road traffic, aircraft, industrial equipment and recreational activities. The main aim of these studies is to reduce levels of environmental noise and vibration. Research work now also has a focus on the positive use
439:
The steps shown in the above diagram can be found in any acoustical event or process. There are many kinds of cause, both natural and volitional. There are many kinds of transduction process that convert energy from some other form into sonic energy, producing a sound wave. There is one fundamental
660:
employ electrostatics—as the sound wave strikes the microphone's diaphragm, it moves and induces a voltage change. The ultrasonic systems used in medical ultrasonography employ piezoelectric transducers. These are made from special ceramics in which mechanical vibrations and electrical fields are
563:
and 20,000 Hz. This range is important because its frequencies can be detected by the human ear. This range has a number of applications, including speech communication and music. The ultrasonic range refers to the very high frequencies: 20,000 Hz and higher. This range has shorter
555:
interpret sound. What we experience as "higher pitched" or "lower pitched" sounds are pressure vibrations having a higher or lower number of cycles per second. In a common technique of acoustic measurement, acoustic signals are sampled in time, and then presented in more meaningful forms such as
353:
and the telephone played important roles in a global transformation of society. Sound measurement and analysis reached new levels of accuracy and sophistication through the use of electronics and computing. The ultrasonic frequency range enabled wholly new kinds of application in medicine and
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Noise research investigates the impact of noise on humans and animals to include work in definitions, abatement, transportation noise, hearing protection, Jet and rocket noise, building system noise and vibration, atmospheric sound propagation,
960:
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In fluids such as air and water, sound waves propagate as disturbances in the ambient pressure level. While this disturbance is usually small, it is still noticeable to the human ear. The smallest sound that a person can hear, known as the
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and elastography rely on the ultrasonic frequency range. On the other end of the spectrum, the lowest frequencies are known as the infrasonic range. These frequencies can be used to study geological phenomena such as earthquakes.
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particularly harmonious with a string of twice the length (other factors being equal). In modern parlance, if a string sounds the note C when plucked, a string twice as long will sound a C an octave lower. In one system of
327:(1717–1783). During this era, continuum physics, or field theory, began to receive a definite mathematical structure. The wave equation emerged in a number of contexts, including the propagation of sound in air.
418:, including its production, transmission, and effects, including biological and psychological effects. (b) Those qualities of a room that, together, determine its character with respect to auditory effects."
604:
is a device for converting one form of energy into another. In an electroacoustic context, this means converting sound energy into electrical energy (or vice versa). Electroacoustic transducers include
95:
hearing as a key element of mating rituals or for marking territories. Art, craft, science and technology have provoked one another to advance the whole, as in many other fields of knowledge.
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The goal this acoustics sub-discipline is to reduce the impact of unwanted sound. Scope of noise studies includes the generation, propagation, and impact on structures, objects, and people.
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205:(384–322 BC) understood that sound consisted of compressions and rarefactions of air which "falls upon and strikes the air which is next to it...", a very good expression of the nature of
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a stimulus which the mind interprets as sound", a remarkable statement that points to the beginnings of physiological and psychological acoustics. Experimental measurements of the
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produced by such an instrument is a graphical display of the time varying pressure level and frequency profiles which give a specific acoustic signal its defining character.
474:
Acoustics looks first at the pressure levels and frequencies in the sound wave and how the wave interacts with the environment. This interaction can be described as either a
1279:
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729:. Other areas of work are listed under subdisciplines below. Acoustic scientists work in government, university and private industry laboratories. Many go on to work in
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The twentieth century saw a burgeoning of technological applications of the large body of scientific knowledge that was by then in place. The first such application was
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Structural acoustics is the study of motions and interactions of mechanical systems with their environments and the methods of their measurement, analysis, and control
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Iakovides, Stefanos A.; Iliadou, Vassiliki TH; Bizeli, Vassiliki TH; Kaprinis, Stergios G.; Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N.; Kaprinis, George S. (2004-03-29).
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is the study of noise generated by air movement, for instance via turbulence, and the movement of sound through the fluid air. This knowledge is applied in
349:'s groundbreaking work in architectural acoustics, and many others followed. Underwater acoustics was used for detecting submarines in the first World War.
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Ultrasonics deals with sounds at frequencies too high to be heard by humans. Specialisms include medical ultrasonics (including medical ultrasonography),
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is the scientific study of the hearing and calls of animal calls, as well as how animals are affected by the acoustic and sounds of their habitat.
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This subdiscipline is concerned with the recording, manipulation and reproduction of audio using electronics. This might include products such as
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octave bands or time frequency plots. Both of these popular methods are used to analyze sound and better understand the acoustic phenomenon.
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697:. Many acoustic scientists work in research and development. Some conduct basic research to advance our knowledge of the perception (e.g.
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wrote a treatise on the acoustic properties of theaters including discussion of interference, echoes, and reverberation—the beginnings of
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199:, the tones in between are then given by 16:9 for D, 8:5 for E, 3:2 for F, 4:3 for G, 6:5 for A, and 16:15 for B, in ascending order.
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Substantial progress in acoustics, resting on firmer mathematical and physical concepts, was made during the eighteenth century by
249:, Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048) is believed to have postulated that the speed of sound was much slower than the speed of light.
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Physicists and acoustic engineers tend to discuss sound pressure levels in terms of frequencies, partly because this is how our
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projectors. These devices convert a sound wave to or from an electric signal. The most widely used transduction principles are
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The entire spectrum can be divided into three sections: audio, ultrasonic, and infrasonic. The audio range falls between 20
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or higher qualification. Some possess a degree in acoustics, while others enter the discipline via studies in fields such as
1718:
80:. The application of acoustics is present in almost all aspects of modern society with the most obvious being the audio and
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in air were carried out successfully between 1630 and 1680 by a number of investigators, prominently
Mersenne. Meanwhile,
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are two important areas of speech processing using computers. The subject also overlaps with the disciplines of physics,
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2406:"Psychophysiology and psychoacoustics of music: Perception of complex sound in normal subjects and psychiatric patients"
1090:
451:
The central stage in the acoustical process is wave propagation. This falls within the domain of physical acoustics. In
283:(completing what Pythagoras and Pythagoreans had started 2000 years earlier). Galileo wrote "Waves are produced by the
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in
England, who combined the previous knowledge with his own copious contributions to the field in his monumental work
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342:(1877). Also in the 19th century, Wheatstone, Ohm, and Henry developed the analogy between electricity and acoustics.
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The study of acoustics revolves around the generation, propagation and reception of mechanical waves and vibrations.
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industry. New kinds of transducers (generators and receivers of acoustic energy) were invented and put to use.
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of a vibrating string. The earliest records of the study of this phenomenon are attributed to the philosopher
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Underwater acoustics is the scientific study of natural and man-made sounds underwater. Applications include
648:), are electromagnetic devices that generate waves using a suspended diaphragm driven by an electromagnetic
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2016:. School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland. November 1999. Archived from
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to protect a building from earthquakes, or measuring how structure-borne sound moves through buildings.
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219:, states that the pitch is related to the frequency of vibrations of the air and to the speed of sound.
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seemed more beautiful than others, and he found answers in terms of numerical ratios representing the
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Acoustic signal processing is the electronic manipulation of acoustic signals. Applications include:
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404:, both suspended on an overhead steel trellis, to synthesize an indoor acoustic environment outdoors.
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used in electronic music; the computer analysis of music and composition, and the perception and
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wavelengths which allow better resolution in imaging technologies. Medical applications such as
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1847:. Barker, Andrew (1st pbk. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2004. p. 98.
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Ultrasound image of a fetus in the womb, viewed at 12 weeks of pregnancy (bidimensional-scan)
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Technical
Committee on Musical Acoustics (TCMU) of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA).
1973:
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History of the inductive sciences : from the earliest to the present times. Volume 2
267:
The physical understanding of acoustical processes advanced rapidly during and after the
2611:
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D. Lohse, B. Schmitz & M. Versluis (2001). "Snapping shrimp make flashing bubbles".
2508:
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1969:
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facilitate visualization and measurement of acoustic signals and their properties. The
99:'s "Wheel of Acoustics" is a well accepted overview of the various fields in acoustics.
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1985:
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to reduce vibration in operating theatres; studying how vibration can damage health (
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468:
113:
81:
1940:
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Many studies have been conducted to identify the relationship between acoustics and
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can also occur. Transduction processes are also of special importance to acoustics.
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879:
874:
299:(1642–1727) derived the relationship for wave velocity in solids, a cornerstone of
296:
252:
448:, a submarine using sonar to locate its foe, or a band playing in a rock concert.
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of a sonorous body, which spread through the air, bringing to the tympanum of the
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2180:; Patrick A. Naylor (2011). "Trends in Audio and Acoustic Signal Processing".
1927:
The
Science of Mechanics: A Critical and Historical Account of its Development
1889:
ACOUSTICS, Bruce
Lindsay, Dowden – Hutchingon Books Publishers, Chapter 3
1565:
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American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, Noise Control and Acoustics Division
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2124:"With Archaeoacoustics, Researchers Listen for Clues to the Prehistoric Past"
1812:
3511:
3441:
3037:
2988:
2382:
2238:"Bioacoustics - the International Journal of Animal Sound and its Recording"
2057:
2040:
Acoustics : an introduction to its physical principles and applications
1862:
1482:
1447:
1068:
1018:
959:
331:
284:
223:
202:
136:
76:
while someone working in the field of acoustics technology may be called an
57:
2732:
2691:
2627:
2449:
971:
Musical acoustics is the study of the physics of acoustic instruments; the
330:
In the nineteenth century the major figures of mathematical acoustics were
2422:
17:
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3574:
787:
530:
188:
168:
1039:
Acousticians study the production, processing and perception of speech.
3552:
2154:
Aeroacoustics of Wind
Instruments: Investigations and Numerical Methods
1977:
1338:
Journal of the
Acoustical Society of America, Express Letters (JASA-EL)
698:
694:
682:
645:
334:
in
Germany, who consolidated the field of physiological acoustics, and
49:
2896:
Acoustics: An
Introduction to its Physical Principles and Applications
2516:
529:, is nine orders of magnitude smaller than the ambient pressure. The
120:), meaning "of or for hearing, ready to hear" and that from ἀκουστός (
3272:
2619:
2182:
1520:
1034:
710:
641:
91:
90:
is one of the most crucial means of survival in the animal world and
2804:
Sound and Structural Vibration: Radiation, Transmission and Response
1611:
135:
used to be a synonym for acoustics and later a branch of acoustics.
2953:
The Foundations of Acoustics: Basic Mathematics and Basic Acoustics
3725:
2867:
1960:
1280:
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aeroacoustics
1172:
1154:
1130:
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587:
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158:
61:
36:
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Transacions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
967:, one of the main areas associated with superior pitch resolution
256:
Principles of acoustics have been applied since ancient times: a
41:
Lindsay's Wheel of Acoustics, which shows fields within acoustics
3715:
3032:
3012:
3002:
2495:
Green, David M. (1960). "Psychoacoustics and Detection Theory".
2237:
2042:(1989 ed.). Woodbury, N.Y.: Acoustical Society of America.
1365:
SAE International Journal of Vehicle Dynamics, Stability and NVH
1326:
552:
206:
3393:
3041:
124:), "heard, audible", which in turn derives from the verb ἀκούω(
2214:
Acoustics in the Built Environment: Advice for the Design Team
1076:. There are several sub-disciplines found within this regime:
829:
288:
677:
There are many types of acoustician, but they usually have a
3389:
537:(SPL) which is measured on a logarithmic scale in decibels.
459:. In solids, mechanical waves can take many forms including
3007:
3017:
2564:"Structural Acoustics & Vibration Technical Committee"
3027:
2583:
Ultrasonics: Fundamentals, Technologies, and Applications
790:. Aeroacoustics is important for understanding how wind
72:. A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an
3022:
2740:
Biryukov SV, Gulyaev YV, Krylov VV, Plessky VP (1995).
2563:
2538:
1074:
1000:
Input to the establishment of standards and regulations
661:
interlinked through a property of the material itself.
56:
in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such as
2091:"Archaeoacoustics: Listening to the Sounds of History"
1153:, material characterisation and underwater acoustics (
689:. Much work in acoustics requires a good grounding in
3776:
669:
An acoustician is an expert in the science of sound.
179:
In the 6th century BC, the ancient Greek philosopher
2828:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: MIT Press. Archived from
440:
equation that describes sound wave propagation, the
279:(1588–1648), independently, discovered the complete
3708:
3637:
3534:
3492:
3427:
3351:
3288:
3216:
3132:
3104:
3076:
131:The Latin synonym is "sonic", after which the term
2838:
2710:
640:The transducers in most common loudspeakers (e.g.
1250:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
1220:SAE Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition
222:In about 20 BC, the Roman architect and engineer
2497:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
2783:Fluid Mechanics, a short course for physicists
2649:ASA Underwater Acoustics Technical Committee.
1904:(1914) Tr. Morris Hickey Morgan BookV, Sec.6–8
3405:
3053:
2743:Surface Acoustic Waves in Inhomogeneous Media
2539:"Technical Committee on Speech Communication"
1939:Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina (December 2013).
8:
2265:"Acoustics and You (A Career in Acoustics?)"
1825:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1333:Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
1304:Acoustics | An Open Access Journal from MDPI
27:Branch of physics involving mechanical waves
2898:. Melville: Acoustical Society of America.
2807:(2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press.
2014:"Abu Arrayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni"
231:
3412:
3398:
3390:
3060:
3046:
3038:
3023:National Council of Acoustical Consultants
2686:. Kingston upon Hull: University of Hull.
2318:Burden of disease from environmental noise
2292:Noise and Vibration from High-speed Trains
1829:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
592:An inexpensive low fidelity 3.5 inch
2915:The Science and Applications of Acoustics
2879:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2786:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2439:
2421:
1959:
2683:A pocket-sized introduction to acoustics
1901:Vitruvius, the Ten Books on Architecture
1355:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
1286:International Computer Music Association
533:of these disturbances is related to the
112:The word "acoustic" is derived from the
3783:
2825:Sound, Structures and Their Interaction
1603:
3258:Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
3003:International Commission for Acoustics
2973:(Revised ed.). Malabar: Krieger.
2964:(2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold.
2917:(2nd ed.). Heidelberg: Springer.
2866:. Heidelberg: Springer. Archived from
2490:
2488:
1868:
1818:
1274:International Commission for Acoustics
2717:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2464:"Psychoacoustics: The Power of Sound"
2410:Annals of General Hospital Psychiatry
2244:from the original on 5 September 2012
2117:
2115:
2084:
2082:
7:
3033:Australian Acoustical Society (AAS)
3018:Institute of Noise Control Engineers
2570:from the original on 10 August 2018.
1929:(1893, 1960) Tr. Thomas J. McCormack
1706:
1704:
1694:Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1671:Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1648:Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1353:Journal of Vibration and Acoustics
1315:Advances in Acoustics and Vibration
916:Environmental noise and soundscapes
2680:Attenborough K, Postema M (2008).
2315:World Health Organisation (2011).
1711:Kenneth Neville Westerman (1947).
1312:Acta Acustica united with Acustica
1244:The European Acoustics Association
1181:underwater communication by whales
912:systems in research laboratories.
857:, where auditorium acoustics began
486:or a mix of the three. If several
455:, sound propagates primarily as a
25:
2962:Acoustics and Vibrational Physics
2713:Fundamentals of Musical Acoustics
2541:. Acoustical Society of America.
2152:da Silva, Andrey Ricardo (2009).
2089:Clemens, Martin J. (2016-01-31).
1948:International Journal of Sciences
1362:Noise Control Engineering Journal
1232:The Acoustical Society of America
1063:Structural Vibration and Dynamics
596:, typically found in small radios
572:Analytic instruments such as the
503:Wave propagation: pressure levels
3786:
3761:
3760:
3473:
2845:(4th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley.
2341:from the original on 2022-10-09.
1494:The Little Red Book of Acoustics
937:of sound in urban environments:
428:
400:system is combined with a zoned
382:
373:
3379:Timeline of physics discoveries
2545:from the original on 2018-11-05
2474:from the original on 2019-04-15
2263:Acoustical Society of America.
2134:from the original on 2019-04-13
2101:from the original on 2019-04-13
1995:from the original on 2018-07-21
1769:from the original on 2022-10-09
1721:from the original on 2023-03-01
1622:from the original on 2021-04-16
977:cognitive neuroscience of music
520:of a young girl saying "oh, no"
311:Age of Enlightenment and onward
3008:European Acoustics Association
2860:Mason WP, Thurston RN (1981).
1762:. Princeton University Press.
1348:Journal of Sound and Vibration
828:, and perceptual coding (e.g.
652:, sending off pressure waves.
185:combinations of musical sounds
1:
3013:Acoustical Society of America
2960:Stephens RW, Bate AE (1966).
2201:. Academic Press. p. 32.
1793:Whewell, William, 1794–1866.
1781:Treatise on Sound and Hearing
1262:The Audio Engineering Society
1238:Australian Acoustical Society
725:, architectural acoustics or
240:The Ten Books of Architecture
52:that deals with the study of
2875:Morse PM, Ingard KU (1986).
2801:Fahy FJ, Gardonio P (2007).
2197:Morfey, Christopher (2001).
1925:Ernst Mach, Introduction to
1618:, Brigham Young University,
1107:Applications might include:
1091:Structural health monitoring
1021:, or more commonly known as
991:Innovative model development
3343:Quantum information science
3028:Institute of Acoustic in UK
2122:Jacobs, Emma (2017-04-13).
2073:Chambers concise dictionary
1195:, and marine bioacoustics.
1009:, and low-frequency sound.
826:music information retrieval
541:Wave propagation: frequency
155:Early research in acoustics
3830:
3174:Classical electromagnetism
2822:Junger MC, Feit D (1986).
2585:. CRC Press. pp. 1–2.
2290:Krylov, V.V., ed. (2001).
2212:Templeton, Duncan (1993).
1941:"The Science of Al-Biruni"
1797:. Cambridge. p. 295.
1779:(quoting from Aristotle's
1296:
1164:
1138:
1066:
1032:
952:
925:
919:
896:Sound reinforcement system
889:
872:
843:
801:
798:Acoustic signal processing
772:
733:. Some positions, such as
544:
506:
402:sound reinforcement system
32:Acoustics (disambiguation)
29:
3756:
3468:
2841:Fundamentals of Acoustics
2764:Encyclopedia of Acoustics
2038:Pierce, Allan D. (1989).
1744:A History of Mathematics.
1616:Acoustical Research Group
1373:Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
1343:Audio Engineering Society
1086:Material characterization
584:Transduction in acoustics
281:laws of vibrating strings
3280:Condensed matter physics
2761:Crocker MJ, ed. (1997).
2746:. Heidelberg: Springer.
2581:Ensminger, Dale (2012).
2240:. Taylor & Francis.
1187:monitoring by measuring
786:to study how to quieten
735:Faculty (academic staff)
410:Acoustics is defined by
215:, generally ascribed to
183:wanted to know why some
3437:Architectural acoustics
2955:. Heidelberg: Springer.
2354:Urban Sound Environment
2216:. Architectural Press.
2199:Dictionary of Acoustics
1696:A Greek-English Lexicon
1673:A Greek-English Lexicon
1650:A Greek-English Lexicon
973:audio signal processing
965:primary auditory cortex
846:Architectural acoustics
840:Architectural acoustics
804:Audio signal processing
228:architectural acoustics
3524:Fletcher–Munson curves
3519:Equal-loudness contour
3429:Acoustical engineering
3364:Nobel Prize in Physics
3226:Relativistic mechanics
2932:Lord Rayleigh (1894).
2692:10.5281/zenodo.7504060
2651:"Underwater Acoustics"
1875:: CS1 maint: others (
1845:Greek musical writings
1757:"How Sound Propagates"
1526:Picosecond ultrasonics
1256:Institute of Acoustics
1226:Professional societies
1136:
1117:vibration white finger
994:Measurement techniques
968:
858:
784:acoustical engineering
759:
731:Acoustical Engineering
597:
547:Sound § Frequency
521:
442:acoustic wave equation
264:
232:
176:
175:in the 6th century BC.
42:
3660:Hermann von Helmholtz
3558:Fundamental frequency
3462:Sympathetic resonance
3369:Philosophy of physics
2877:Theoretical Acoustics
2423:10.1186/1475-2832-3-6
1576:Surface acoustic wave
1369:Ultrasonics (journal)
1134:
997:Mitigation strategies
962:
855:Symphony Hall, Boston
853:
757:
658:condenser microphones
591:
545:Further information:
516:
394:Jay Pritzker Pavilion
366:Jay Pritzker Pavilion
275:(1564–1642) but also
269:Scientific Revolution
255:
162:
40:
3328:Mathematical physics
2780:Falkovich G (2011).
2379:"ASA TCMU Home Page"
1612:"What is acoustics?"
1438:Acoustic thermometry
1403:Acoustic engineering
1393:Acoustic attenuation
1388:Outline of acoustics
1199:Acoustic Conferences
1167:Underwater acoustics
1161:Underwater acoustics
810:active noise control
739:Doctor of Philosophy
727:structural acoustics
723:underwater acoustics
654:Electret microphones
535:sound pressure level
527:threshold of hearing
498:Fundamental concepts
139:above and below the
97:Robert Bruce Lindsay
30:For other uses, see
3680:Werner Meyer-Eppler
3590:Missing fundamental
3303:Atmospheric physics
3142:Classical mechanics
3070:branches of physics
2951:Skudrzyk E (1971).
2936:. New York: Dover.
2934:The Theory of Sound
2913:Raichel DR (2006).
2837:Kinsler LE (1999).
2612:2001Natur.413..477L
2509:1960ASAJ...32.1189G
2352:Kang, Jian (2006).
2071:Schwarz, C (1991).
1970:2013arXiv1312.7288S
1717:. C. F. Westerman.
1468:Fisheries acoustics
1413:Acoustic levitation
1113:vibration isolation
922:Environmental noise
792:musical instruments
414:as "(a) Science of
340:The Theory of Sound
230:. In Book V of his
217:Strato of Lampsacus
78:acoustical engineer
3563:Frequency spectrum
3359:History of physics
2969:Wilson CE (2006).
2894:Pierce AD (1989).
2863:Physical Acoustics
2767:. Hoboken: Wiley.
2709:Benade AH (1976).
2468:Memtech Acoustical
2294:. Thomas Telford.
1978:10.18483/ijSci.364
1916:article @Wikiquote
1898:Vitruvius Pollio,
1746:Wiley 1991, p. 55.
1690:2020-01-23 at the
1667:2020-01-23 at the
1644:2020-01-23 at the
1473:Friction acoustics
1428:Acoustic streaming
1423:Acoustic phonetics
1408:Acoustic impedance
1323:Building Acoustics
1299:Acoustics journals
1151:ultrasonic testing
1137:
1102:Friction Acoustics
1041:Speech recognition
969:
859:
760:
758:St. Michael's Cave
598:
522:
461:longitudinal waves
412:ANSI/ASA S1.1-2013
301:physical acoustics
265:
247:Islamic golden age
177:
43:
3774:
3773:
3736:Musical acoustics
3568:harmonic spectrum
3387:
3386:
3374:Physics education
3323:Materials science
3290:Interdisciplinary
3248:Quantum mechanics
2980:978-1-57524-237-8
2943:978-0-8446-3028-1
2852:978-04718-4-789-2
2814:978-0-08-047110-5
2793:978-1-107-00575-4
2753:978-3-540-58460-5
2724:978-0-19-502030-4
2701:978-90-812588-2-1
2606:(6855): 477–478.
2517:10.1121/1.1907882
2503:(10): 1189–1203.
2331:978-92-890-0229-5
1804:978-0-511-73434-2
1501:Longitudinal wave
1488:Linear elasticity
1453:Auditory illusion
1418:Acoustic location
1398:Acoustic emission
1319:Applied Acoustics
1293:Academic journals
1121:vibration control
1109:ground vibrations
955:Musical acoustics
949:Musical acoustics
892:Audio Engineering
822:echo cancellation
818:cochlear implants
679:Bachelor's degree
615:particle velocity
574:spectrum analyzer
323:(1736–1813), and
151:", respectively.
116:word ἀκουστικός (
16:(Redirected from
3821:
3791:
3790:
3782:
3764:
3763:
3665:Carleen Hutchins
3597:Combination tone
3484:
3477:
3457:String vibration
3414:
3407:
3400:
3391:
3313:Chemical physics
3253:Particle physics
3179:Classical optics
3062:
3055:
3048:
3039:
2992:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2928:
2909:
2890:
2871:
2856:
2844:
2833:
2818:
2797:
2776:
2757:
2736:
2716:
2705:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2653:. Archived from
2646:
2640:
2639:
2620:10.1038/35097152
2593:
2587:
2586:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2443:
2425:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2381:. Archived from
2374:
2368:
2367:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2323:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2267:. Archived from
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1963:
1945:
1936:
1930:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1874:
1866:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1824:
1816:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1747:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1708:
1699:
1682:
1676:
1659:
1653:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1608:
1571:Sonoluminescence
1215:Forum Acousticum
1189:sea temperatures
1045:Speech synthesis
886:Electroacoustics
763:Archaeoacoustics
750:Archaeoacoustics
635:piezoelectricity
627:electromagnetism
465:transverse waves
432:
386:
377:
237:
167:and the first 6
54:mechanical waves
21:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3785:
3777:
3775:
3770:
3752:
3704:
3695:D. Van Holliday
3633:
3602:Mersenne's laws
3536:Audio frequency
3530:
3494:Psychoacoustics
3488:
3487:
3480:
3466:
3423:
3418:
3388:
3383:
3347:
3333:Medical physics
3284:
3243:Nuclear physics
3212:
3206:Non-equilibrium
3128:
3100:
3072:
3066:
2999:
2981:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2944:
2931:
2925:
2912:
2906:
2893:
2887:
2874:
2859:
2853:
2836:
2821:
2815:
2800:
2794:
2779:
2760:
2754:
2739:
2725:
2708:
2702:
2679:
2676:
2674:Further reading
2671:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2657:on 30 July 2013
2648:
2647:
2643:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2332:
2321:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2178:Slaney, Malcolm
2176:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2135:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2104:
2102:
2095:The Daily Grail
2088:
2087:
2080:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2050:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1867:
1855:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1817:
1805:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1737:
1733:
1724:
1722:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1692:Wayback Machine
1683:
1679:
1669:Wayback Machine
1660:
1656:
1646:Wayback Machine
1637:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1586:Transverse wave
1581:Thermoacoustics
1516:Noise pollution
1478:Helioseismology
1383:
1341:Journal of the
1308:Acoustics Today
1301:
1297:Main category:
1295:
1228:
1201:
1169:
1163:
1143:
1129:
1111:from railways;
1071:
1065:
1037:
1031:
1023:psychoacoustics
1015:
1013:Psychoacoustics
985:
957:
951:
934:
928:Noise pollution
924:
918:
910:virtual reality
898:
888:
877:
871:
848:
842:
806:
800:
777:
771:
752:
747:
707:neurophysiology
703:psychoacoustics
675:
667:
586:
566:ultrasonography
549:
543:
511:
505:
500:
490:are present, a
408:
407:
406:
405:
389:
388:
387:
379:
378:
369:
368:
360:
351:Sound recording
313:
273:Galileo Galilei
260:in the city of
234:De architectura
212:On Things Heard
192:overtone series
157:
110:
105:
48:is a branch of
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3827:
3825:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3709:Related topics
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3690:Joseph Sauveur
3687:
3682:
3677:
3675:Marin Mersenne
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3542:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3498:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3196:Thermodynamics
3193:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3138:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2998:
2997:External links
2995:
2994:
2993:
2979:
2966:
2957:
2948:
2942:
2929:
2923:
2910:
2904:
2891:
2885:
2872:
2870:on 2013-12-25.
2857:
2851:
2834:
2832:on 2014-06-05.
2819:
2813:
2798:
2792:
2777:
2758:
2752:
2737:
2723:
2706:
2700:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2641:
2588:
2573:
2555:
2530:
2484:
2470:. 2016-02-11.
2455:
2396:
2369:
2363:978-0415358576
2362:
2344:
2330:
2307:
2300:
2282:
2255:
2229:
2223:978-0750605380
2222:
2204:
2189:
2169:
2163:978-3639210644
2162:
2156:. VDM Verlag.
2144:
2111:
2078:
2063:
2048:
2030:
2005:
1931:
1918:
1906:
1891:
1882:
1853:
1836:
1803:
1785:
1748:
1731:
1714:Emergent Voice
1700:
1677:
1654:
1631:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
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1583:
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1498:
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1475:
1470:
1465:
1463:Doppler effect
1460:
1455:
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1445:
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1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:MDPI Acoustics
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1294:
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1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1191:acoustically,
1185:climate change
1165:Main article:
1162:
1159:
1139:Main article:
1128:
1125:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1081:Modal Analysis
1067:Main article:
1064:
1061:
1033:Main article:
1030:
1027:
1014:
1011:
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
984:
981:
953:Main article:
950:
947:
920:Main article:
917:
914:
906:public address
904:, large scale
887:
884:
873:Main article:
870:
867:
844:Main article:
841:
838:
799:
796:
773:Main article:
770:
767:
751:
748:
746:
745:Subdisciplines
743:
674:
671:
666:
663:
631:electrostatics
585:
582:
542:
539:
509:Sound pressure
507:Main article:
504:
501:
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496:
437:
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391:
390:
381:
380:
372:
371:
370:
364:
363:
362:
361:
359:
356:
312:
309:
293:speed of sound
277:Marin Mersenne
197:musical tuning
156:
153:
109:
106:
104:
101:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3826:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3767:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Lord Rayleigh
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3655:Ernst Chladni
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3617:Standing wave
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:Inharmonicity
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
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3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:Soundproofing
3450:
3448:
3447:Reverberation
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Ocean physics
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3273:Modern optics
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
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3215:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
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3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
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3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3123:
3122:Computational
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3051:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2972:
2971:Noise Control
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2924:0-387-30089-9
2920:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2905:0-88318-612-8
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2886:0-691-08425-4
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2397:
2385:on 2001-06-13
2384:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2356:. CRC Press.
2355:
2348:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2301:9780727729637
2297:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2271:on 2015-09-04
2270:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2145:
2133:
2129:
2128:Atlas Obscura
2125:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2049:0-88318-612-8
2045:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2020:on 2016-11-21
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1954:(12): 52–60.
1953:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1854:0-521-38911-9
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1738:C. Boyer and
1735:
1732:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1591:Wave equation
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:Soundproofing
1554:
1552:
1551:Sonochemistry
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:Rayleigh wave
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1511:Music therapy
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:Acoustic wave
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Acoustic tags
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1193:sonic weapons
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:sonochemistry
1142:
1133:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:Metamaterials
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1008:
999:
996:
993:
990:
989:
988:
982:
980:
978:
974:
966:
961:
956:
948:
946:
944:
940:
933:
932:Noise control
929:
923:
915:
913:
911:
907:
903:
902:mobile phones
897:
893:
885:
883:
881:
876:
868:
866:
864:
856:
852:
847:
839:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
812:; design for
811:
805:
797:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:Aeroacoustics
776:
775:Aeroacoustics
769:Aeroacoustics
768:
766:
764:
756:
749:
744:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
672:
670:
664:
662:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
595:
590:
583:
581:
579:
575:
570:
567:
562:
557:
554:
548:
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
519:
515:
510:
502:
497:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
469:surface waves
466:
462:
458:
457:pressure wave
454:
449:
447:
443:
433:
431:
426:
425:
424:
423:
422:
419:
417:
413:
403:
399:
395:
385:
376:
367:
357:
355:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
336:Lord Rayleigh
333:
328:
326:
322:
319:(1707–1783),
318:
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
263:
259:
258:Roman theatre
254:
250:
248:
243:
241:
236:
235:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
200:
198:
193:
190:
186:
182:
174:
170:
166:
161:
154:
152:
150:
146:
142:
141:audible range
138:
134:
129:
128:), "I hear".
127:
123:
119:
115:
107:
102:
100:
98:
93:
89:
85:
83:
82:noise control
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
3700:Thomas Young
3650:Jens Blauert
3638:Acousticians
3420:
3298:Astrophysics
3168:
3112:Experimental
2970:
2961:
2952:
2933:
2914:
2895:
2876:
2868:the original
2862:
2840:
2830:the original
2824:
2803:
2782:
2763:
2742:
2712:
2682:
2659:. Retrieved
2655:the original
2644:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2582:
2576:
2558:
2547:. Retrieved
2533:
2500:
2496:
2476:. Retrieved
2467:
2458:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:the original
2372:
2353:
2347:
2317:
2310:
2291:
2285:
2273:. Retrieved
2269:the original
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2232:
2213:
2207:
2198:
2192:
2181:
2172:
2153:
2147:
2136:. Retrieved
2127:
2103:. Retrieved
2094:
2072:
2066:
2039:
2033:
2022:. Retrieved
2018:the original
2008:
1997:. Retrieved
1951:
1947:
1934:
1926:
1921:
1909:
1900:
1894:
1885:
1844:
1839:
1794:
1788:
1780:
1771:. Retrieved
1751:
1743:
1734:
1723:. Retrieved
1713:
1698:, at Perseus
1695:
1680:
1675:, at Perseus
1672:
1657:
1652:, at Perseus
1649:
1634:
1624:, retrieved
1615:
1606:
1546:Sonification
1492:
1170:
1144:
1106:
1072:
1038:
1016:
1003:
986:
970:
935:
899:
880:Bioacoustics
878:
875:Bioacoustics
869:Bioacoustics
860:
814:hearing aids
807:
778:
761:
676:
668:
639:
607:loudspeakers
599:
593:
571:
558:
550:
523:
480:interference
473:
450:
438:
427:
420:
409:
344:
339:
329:
314:
266:
244:
239:
221:
210:
201:
178:
143:are called "
132:
130:
125:
121:
117:
111:
86:
84:industries.
73:
45:
44:
3670:Franz Melde
3645:John Backus
3629:Subharmonic
3482:Spectrogram
3201:Statistical
3117:Theoretical
3094:Engineering
1740:U. Merzbach
1497:(in the UK)
1458:Diffraction
1376:Wave Motion
1270:(ASME-NCAD)
1127:Ultrasonics
1057:linguistics
1007:soundscapes
943:tranquility
939:soundscapes
908:systems or
691:Mathematics
687:engineering
665:Acoustician
619:hydrophones
611:microphones
578:spectrogram
518:Spectrogram
476:diffraction
245:During the
165:fundamental
137:Frequencies
74:acoustician
3803:Categories
3731:Ultrasound
3721:Infrasound
3507:Bark scale
3318:Geophysics
3308:Biophysics
3152:Analytical
3105:Approaches
2549:2018-11-04
2478:2019-04-14
2138:2019-04-13
2105:2019-04-13
2024:2018-08-20
1999:2018-11-04
1773:9 February
1725:2016-02-28
1639:Akoustikos
1626:2021-04-16
1598:References
1566:Sonic boom
1561:Soundscape
1541:Seismology
1536:Shock wave
1506:Musicology
1205:InterNoise
1177:submarines
1175:to locate
1141:Ultrasound
1053:psychology
1049:physiology
926:See also:
890:See also:
802:See also:
737:require a
650:voice coil
602:transducer
492:refraction
484:reflection
446:earthquake
358:Definition
325:d'Alembert
285:vibrations
181:Pythagoras
173:Pythagoras
149:infrasonic
145:ultrasonic
118:akoustikos
70:infrasound
66:ultrasound
18:Acoustical
3809:Acoustics
3612:Resonance
3512:Mel scale
3442:Monochord
3421:Acoustics
3268:Molecular
3169:Acoustics
3162:Continuum
3157:Celestial
3147:Newtonian
3134:Classical
3077:Divisions
2773:441305164
2525:0001-4966
2432:1475-2832
1986:119230163
1961:1312.7288
1914:Vitruvius
1871:cite book
1821:cite book
1813:889953932
1483:Lamb wave
1448:Audiology
1095:Acoustic
1069:Vibration
1019:cognition
673:Education
617:sensors,
332:Helmholtz
307:, 1687).
305:Principia
271:. Mainly
224:Vitruvius
203:Aristotle
169:overtones
108:Etymology
58:vibration
46:Acoustics
3766:Category
3607:Overtone
3575:Harmonic
2989:59223706
2628:11586346
2568:Archived
2543:Archived
2472:Archived
2450:15050030
2416:(1): 6.
2336:Archived
2242:Archived
2132:Archived
2099:Archived
2058:21197318
1990:Archived
1863:63122899
1764:Archived
1719:Archived
1688:Archived
1665:Archived
1662:Akoustos
1642:Archived
1620:archived
1381:See also
1258:(IoA UK)
1210:NoiseCon
788:aircraft
646:tweeters
531:loudness
321:Lagrange
209:motion.
189:harmonic
122:akoustos
3793:Physics
3553:Formant
3352:Related
3236:General
3231:Special
3089:Applied
2733:2270137
2636:4429684
2608:Bibcode
2505:Bibcode
2324:. WHO.
2248:31 July
1966:Bibcode
699:hearing
695:science
683:physics
642:woofers
147:" and "
103:History
88:Hearing
50:physics
3779:Portal
3746:Violin
3580:Series
3263:Atomic
3218:Modern
3068:Major
2987:
2977:
2940:
2921:
2902:
2883:
2849:
2811:
2790:
2771:
2750:
2731:
2721:
2698:
2661:22 May
2634:
2626:
2599:Nature
2523:
2448:
2441:400748
2438:
2430:
2389:22 May
2360:
2328:
2298:
2275:21 May
2220:
2183:ICASSP
2160:
2056:
2046:
1984:
1861:
1851:
1811:
1801:
1521:Phonon
1335:(JASA)
1288:(ICMA)
1282:(AIAA)
1252:(IEEE)
1055:, and
1035:Speech
1029:Speech
794:work.
711:speech
594:driver
453:fluids
347:Sabine
297:Newton
133:sonics
92:speech
3814:Sound
3741:Piano
3726:Sound
3540:pitch
3502:Pitch
2632:S2CID
2339:(PDF)
2322:(PDF)
1993:(PDF)
1982:S2CID
1956:arXiv
1944:(PDF)
1767:(PDF)
1760:(PDF)
1685:Akouo
1350:(JSV)
1276:(ICA)
1264:(AES)
1246:(EAA)
1240:(AAS)
1234:(ASA)
1173:sonar
1155:sonar
983:Noise
719:noise
715:music
709:) of
623:sonar
488:media
482:or a
416:sound
398:LARES
317:Euler
262:Amman
126:akouo
114:Greek
62:sound
3716:Echo
3622:Node
3548:Beat
3538:and
3189:Wave
3084:Pure
2985:OCLC
2975:ISBN
2938:ISBN
2919:ISBN
2900:ISBN
2881:ISBN
2847:ISBN
2809:ISBN
2788:ISBN
2769:OCLC
2748:ISBN
2729:OCLC
2719:ISBN
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