Knowledge (XXG)

Iochroma

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Iochromas are cultivated as flowering ornamentals and in cooler zones (zones 7–8/9) make useful patio shrubs for summer display or conservatory plants. The majority are not frost-hardy and must be overwintered under protection. In warmer zones (zones 9–10) they can be used as landscape plants. They
1022:(some wild collected, some garden hybrids) have been given cultivar names. Some of the cultivars have been assigned to species but others, mainly hybrids, have not. There may be some synonymy in this list. 1307:
Sattar, E. A., Glasl, H., Nahrstedt, A., Hilal, S. H., Zaki, A. Y. and El Zalabani, S. M. H. (1990). Hydroxycinnamic acid amides from Iochroma cyaneum. Phytochemistry 29 (12) : 3931–3933.
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De Witt, S. and Baum, David A. 2006. Phylogenetics of the Florally Diverse Andean Clade Iochrominae ( Solanaceae ) American Journal of Botany 93(8): 1140–1153.
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Alfonso, D., Bernardinelli, G. and Kapetanidis, I. (1993). Withanolides from Iochroma coccineum. Phytochemistry 34 (2) : 517–521.
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in 1845. Like other plant families, the Solanaceae is further divided into subfamilies, tribes and subtribes.
1658: 348:) to control their size and shape. Iochroma flowers attract hummingbirds (Americas only) and bees to gardens. 1922: 883: 562: 978: 813: 712: 672: 913: 873: 823: 612: 1787: 1500: 1404: 992: 923: 853: 758: 572: 1740: 1466: 903: 730: 692: 642: 542: 532: 1792: 1505: 1235:
Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001.
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with potential pharmaceutical value but the genus has not been exhaustively studied in this respect.
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are tubular or trumpet-shaped, and may be blue, purple, red, yellow, or white, becoming pulpy
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for difficult diagnoses, the unpleasant side effects lasting several days. A variety of
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The genus is currently divided into three sections. As of February 2023,
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Plants of the Gods. Their sacred, healing and hallucinogenic powers
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Shaw, J. M. H. (1998) "A Review of Iochroma in Cultivation".
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The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Garden Plants
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and hydroxycinnamic acid amides have been isolated from
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is in the subtribe Iochrominae along with the genera
1695: 1411: 1231: 1229: 1289:. Healing Arts Press, Rochester, Vermont. p. 46. 1200: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 320:. They are found in the forests of Mexico and 513:growing in the Temperate House at Kew Gardens 8: 1399: 42: 31: 1285:Schultes, R. E. and Hoffman, A. (1992). 1188: 948:Species formerly placed in the genus 216: 7: 1620:a1da24af-3543-48e7-a989-fc9c00748d6a 363:is taken by the medicine men of the 351:Like many plants in the Solanaceae, 344:are commonly trained as standards ( 340:are alternate, simple, and entire. 308:belonging to the nightshade family 300:is a genus of about 34 species of 25: 336:is inflated in some species. The 1659:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331673-2 778:M.A.Cueva, S.D.Sm. & S.Leiva 64: 1923:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:38260-1 1268:, pub. Dorking Kindersley 1996 697:S.Leiva, Quip. & N.W.Sawyer 521:accepts the following species: 324:. Their hummingbird-pollinated 1982:Garden plants of South America 1: 1264:Christopher Brickell ( Ed.), 489:Quinta do Palheiro Ferreiro, 427:. As of February 2023, 1355:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1327:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 1215:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 908:K.Lezama, Limo & S.Leiva 763:(Roem. & Schult.) D'Arcy 475:Temperate House, Kew Gardens 200: 332:. The cupular (cup-shaped) 1998: 1353:Plants of the World Online 1325:Plants of the World Online 1213:Plants of the World Online 519:Plants of the World Online 312:. Species are native from 215: 208: 198: 193: 61:Scientific classification 59: 50: 41: 34: 371:valley in the Colombian 1002:(Ruiz & Pav.) Hunz. 979:Trompettia cardenasiana 962:(Bolivia, Argentina) → 884:Iochroma richardianthum 814:Iochroma brevistamineum 563:Iochroma confertiflorum 1348:Iochroma cardenasianum 971:Iochroma cardenasianum 838:S.Leiva & K.Lezama 713:Iochroma tupayachianum 673:Iochroma schjellerupii 514: 498: 477: 452: 1104:Iochroma gesnerioides 1098:Iochroma gesnerioides 985:Iochroma grandiflorum 934:Iochroma warscewiczii 914:Iochroma solanifolium 874:Iochroma ortizianthum 868:S.Leiva & S.D.Sm. 824:Iochroma cachicadanum 808:S.D.Sm. & S.Leiva 613:Iochroma gesnerioides 504: 483: 458: 446: 993:Trozelia grandiflora 965:Eriolarynx australis 924:Iochroma viridescens 878:S.Leiva & Deanna 854:Iochroma lyciifolium 798:S.Leiva & Deanna 784:Iochroma arborescens 759:Iochroma parvifolium 667:S.Leiva & Lezama 603:Iochroma fuchsioides 573:Iochroma cornifolium 449:Iochroma arborescens 361:Iochroma fuchsioides 53:Iochroma fuchsioides 1030:'Vlasta’s Surprise' 999:Iochroma umbellatum 904:Iochroma smithianum 731:Iochroma ellipticum 693:Iochroma stenanthum 687:S.Leiva & Quip. 677:S.Leiva & Quip. 643:Iochroma peruvianum 637:S.Leiva & Quip. 543:Iochroma ayabacense 533:Iochroma albianthum 395:was established by 1392:Constantine, D. R. 1028:Iochroma calycinum 1007:Trozelia umbellata 898:S.Leiva & Jara 894:Iochroma rubicalyx 834:Iochroma lilacinum 741:Iochroma lehmannii 703:Iochroma tingoanum 683:Iochroma squamosum 663:Iochroma salpoanum 647:(Dunal) J.F.Macbr. 587:(Lindl.) M.L.Green 553:Iochroma calycinum 515: 499: 478: 466:Iochroma calycinum 453: 1977:Solanaceae genera 1959: 1958: 1892:Open Tree of Life 1628:Open Tree of Life 1405:Taxon identifiers 1320:Iochroma australe 1018:Several forms of 1003: 989: 975: 961: 957:Iochroma australe 939: 929: 919: 909: 899: 889: 879: 869: 859: 849: 844:Iochroma longipes 839: 829: 819: 809: 799: 794:Iochroma barbozae 789: 779: 774:Iochroma amicorum 764: 746: 736: 718: 708: 698: 688: 678: 668: 658: 653:Iochroma piuranum 648: 638: 628: 618: 608: 598: 588: 578: 568: 558: 548: 538: 511:Iochroma coccinea 293: 292: 287: 279: 271: 263: 255: 247: 239: 231: 223: 189: 16:(Redirected from 1989: 1952: 1951: 1939: 1938: 1926: 1925: 1913: 1912: 1900: 1899: 1887: 1886: 1874: 1873: 1861: 1860: 1848: 1847: 1835: 1834: 1822: 1821: 1809: 1808: 1796: 1795: 1783: 1782: 1770: 1769: 1757: 1756: 1744: 1743: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1716: 1715: 1714: 1688: 1687: 1675: 1674: 1662: 1661: 1649: 1648: 1636: 1635: 1623: 1622: 1613: 1612: 1600: 1599: 1597:NHMSYS0000459892 1587: 1586: 1574: 1573: 1561: 1560: 1548: 1547: 1535: 1534: 1522: 1521: 1509: 1508: 1496: 1495: 1483: 1482: 1470: 1469: 1457: 1456: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1400: 1393: 1380: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1360: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1314: 1308: 1305: 1299: 1296: 1290: 1283: 1277: 1262: 1256: 1253: 1244: 1233: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1220: 1202: 1121:'Burgundy Bells' 1094:'Woodcote White' 1092:Iochroma cyaneum 1086:Iochroma cyaneum 1080:Iochroma cyaneum 1072:'Royal Queen' = 1070:Iochroma cyaneum 1064:Iochroma cyaneum 1058:Iochroma cyaneum 1052:Iochroma cyaneum 1046:Iochroma cyaneum 1040:Iochroma cyaneum 1034:Iochroma cyaneum 1001: 987: 973: 959: 937: 927: 917: 907: 897: 887: 877: 867: 857: 847: 837: 827: 817: 807: 797: 787: 777: 762: 744: 734: 716: 706: 696: 686: 676: 666: 656: 646: 636: 633:Iochroma nitidum 626: 623:Iochroma loxense 616: 606: 596: 586: 583:Iochroma cyaneum 576: 566: 556: 546: 536: 486:Iochroma cyaneum 355:species contain 285: 277: 269: 261: 253: 245: 237: 229: 221: 185: 69: 68: 46: 32: 21: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1947: 1942: 1934: 1929: 1921: 1916: 1908: 1903: 1895: 1890: 1882: 1877: 1869: 1864: 1856: 1851: 1843: 1838: 1830: 1825: 1817: 1812: 1804: 1799: 1791: 1786: 1778: 1773: 1765: 1760: 1752: 1747: 1739: 1734: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1691: 1683: 1678: 1670: 1665: 1657: 1652: 1644: 1639: 1631: 1626: 1618: 1616: 1608: 1603: 1595: 1590: 1582: 1577: 1569: 1564: 1556: 1551: 1543: 1538: 1530: 1525: 1517: 1512: 1504: 1499: 1491: 1486: 1478: 1473: 1465: 1460: 1452: 1450: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1407: 1391: 1389: 1384: 1383: 1371: 1367: 1358: 1356: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1330: 1328: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1284: 1280: 1276:, pps. 554–555. 1263: 1259: 1254: 1247: 1234: 1227: 1218: 1216: 1204: 1203: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1161:'Royal Blue' x 1042:'Apricot Belle' 1016: 946: 864:Iochroma mionei 804:Iochroma baumii 788:(L.) J.M.H.Shaw 735:(Hook.f.) Hunz. 505:The unresolved 441: 389: 367:Indians of the 184: 63: 28: 27:Genus of shrubs 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1995: 1993: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1964: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1949:wfo-4000000321 1940: 1927: 1914: 1901: 1888: 1875: 1862: 1849: 1836: 1823: 1810: 1797: 1784: 1771: 1758: 1745: 1732: 1717: 1701: 1699: 1693: 1692: 1690: 1689: 1685:wfo-4000019120 1676: 1663: 1650: 1637: 1624: 1614: 1601: 1588: 1575: 1562: 1549: 1536: 1523: 1510: 1497: 1484: 1471: 1458: 1448: 1433: 1417: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1388: 1387:External links 1385: 1382: 1381: 1365: 1337: 1309: 1300: 1291: 1278: 1257: 1245: 1225: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1152: 1146: 1145:'Plum Delight' 1140: 1134: 1128: 1122: 1116: 1110: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1077: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1054:'Karl Hartweg' 1049: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1024: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1010: 996: 982: 968: 945: 944:Former species 942: 941: 940: 930: 920: 910: 900: 890: 880: 870: 860: 850: 840: 830: 820: 810: 800: 790: 780: 766: 765: 748: 747: 737: 720: 719: 709: 699: 689: 679: 669: 659: 649: 639: 629: 619: 609: 607:(Bonpl.) Miers 599: 593:Iochroma edule 589: 579: 569: 559: 549: 539: 440: 437: 397:George Bentham 388: 385: 357:phytochemicals 291: 290: 289: 288: 280: 272: 264: 256: 248: 240: 232: 224: 213: 212: 206: 205: 196: 195: 191: 190: 177: 173: 172: 167: 163: 162: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 120: 119: 114: 107: 106: 101: 94: 93: 88: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 57: 56: 48: 47: 39: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1994: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1733: 1728: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1449: 1444: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1386: 1379:(3): 154–192. 1378: 1375: 1374:New Plantsman 1369: 1366: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1341: 1338: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1313: 1310: 1304: 1301: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1274:0-7513-0303-8 1271: 1267: 1261: 1258: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1241:3-904144-77-4 1238: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1157:'Ruby Red' ( 1156: 1153: 1151:'Purple Haze' 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1139:'Plum Beauty' 1138: 1135: 1133:'Ilie’s Plum' 1132: 1129: 1127:'Frosty Plum' 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1115:'Ashcott Red' 1114: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1000: 997: 995: 994: 986: 983: 981: 980: 972: 969: 967: 966: 958: 955: 954: 953: 951: 943: 936: 935: 931: 926: 925: 921: 916: 915: 911: 906: 905: 901: 896: 895: 891: 886: 885: 881: 876: 875: 871: 866: 865: 861: 856: 855: 851: 846: 845: 841: 836: 835: 831: 826: 825: 821: 816: 815: 811: 806: 805: 801: 796: 795: 791: 786: 785: 781: 776: 775: 771: 770: 769: 768:Unclassified 761: 760: 756: 755: 754: 753: 743: 742: 738: 733: 732: 728: 727: 726: 725: 715: 714: 710: 705: 704: 700: 695: 694: 690: 685: 684: 680: 675: 674: 670: 665: 664: 660: 655: 654: 650: 645: 644: 640: 635: 634: 630: 625: 624: 620: 617:(Kunth) Miers 615: 614: 610: 605: 604: 600: 595: 594: 590: 585: 584: 580: 577:(Kunth) Miers 575: 574: 570: 567:(Miers) Hunz. 565: 564: 560: 555: 554: 550: 545: 544: 540: 535: 534: 530: 529: 528: 527: 522: 520: 512: 508: 503: 496: 492: 488: 487: 482: 476: 472: 471:I. macrocalyx 468: 467: 462: 457: 451: 450: 445: 438: 436: 434: 430: 426: 425: 420: 419: 414: 413: 408: 407: 402: 398: 394: 386: 384: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 349: 347: 341: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 322:South America 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 298: 284: 281: 276: 273: 268: 265: 260: 257: 252: 249: 244: 241: 236: 233: 228: 225: 220: 217: 214: 211: 207: 204: 202: 197: 192: 188: 183: 182: 178: 175: 174: 171: 168: 165: 164: 161: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 144: 141: 138: 135: 134: 131: 128: 125: 122: 121: 118: 115: 112: 109: 108: 105: 102: 99: 96: 95: 92: 91:Tracheophytes 89: 86: 83: 82: 79: 76: 73: 72: 67: 62: 58: 55: 54: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 30: 19: 1696: 1412: 1390: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1357:. Retrieved 1352: 1347: 1340: 1329:. Retrieved 1324: 1319: 1312: 1303: 1294: 1286: 1281: 1265: 1260: 1243:pps. 220-226 1217:. Retrieved 1212: 1207: 1174: 1168: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1136: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1073: 1069: 1066:'Royal Blue' 1063: 1060:'John Miers' 1057: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1019: 1017: 1005: 998: 991: 984: 977: 970: 963: 956: 949: 947: 932: 922: 912: 902: 892: 882: 872: 862: 852: 842: 832: 822: 812: 802: 792: 782: 772: 767: 757: 751: 749: 739: 729: 723: 721: 711: 701: 691: 681: 671: 661: 651: 641: 631: 621: 611: 601: 591: 581: 571: 561: 551: 541: 531: 525: 523: 516: 510: 484: 470: 464: 447: 432: 428: 422: 416: 410: 404: 400: 392: 390: 380: 377:withanolides 360: 352: 350: 342: 296: 295: 294: 282: 274: 266: 258: 250: 242: 234: 226: 218: 199: 180: 179: 123: 110: 97: 84: 51: 35: 29: 1827:iNaturalist 1721:Wikispecies 1540:iNaturalist 1437:Wikispecies 1165:. 'Sunset') 1100:'Coccineum' 1014:Cultivation 227:Chaenesthes 160:Solanoideae 156:Subfamily: 104:Angiosperms 1966:Categories 1359:2023-02-07 1331:2023-02-07 1219:2023-02-07 1183:References 1177:'Wine Red' 1159:I. cyaneum 1082:'Sky King' 1074:I. cyaneum 461:Ecuadorian 412:Eriolarynx 391:The genus 310:Solanaceae 304:and small 243:Codochonia 235:Cleochroma 150:Solanaceae 952:include: 724:Lehmannia 383:species. 316:to south 251:Diplukion 222:Schott 170:Physaleae 140:Solanales 74:Kingdom: 1972:Iochroma 1936:40030994 1931:Tropicos 1727:Acnistus 1712:Q2706011 1706:Wikidata 1697:Acnistus 1672:40031210 1667:Tropicos 1558:331673-2 1443:Iochroma 1428:Q2300865 1422:Wikidata 1413:Iochroma 1322:Griseb." 1208:Iochroma 1175:Iochroma 1171:'Sunset' 1169:Iochroma 1155:Iochroma 1149:Iochroma 1143:Iochroma 1137:Iochroma 1131:Iochroma 1125:Iochroma 1119:Iochroma 1113:Iochroma 1088:'Trebah' 1076:'Indigo' 1048:'Indigo' 1020:Iochroma 950:Iochroma 750:Section 722:Section 526:Iochroma 524:Section 509:species 463:species 433:Iochroma 429:Acnistus 424:Vassobia 401:Iochroma 393:Iochroma 387:Taxonomy 381:Iochroma 369:Sibundoy 353:Iochroma 297:Iochroma 275:Pederlea 267:Eplateia 259:Ephaiola 246:Dunal 238:Miers 230:Miers 219:Acnistus 210:Synonyms 201:See text 194:Species 181:Iochroma 146:Family: 130:Asterids 117:Eudicots 36:Iochroma 18:Acnistus 1858:1361016 1845:38260-1 1806:2928875 1571:1071020 1519:6402978 1210:Benth." 1036:'Album' 960:Griseb. 928:S.Leiva 888:S.Leiva 828:S.Leiva 752:Spinosa 717:S.Leiva 707:S.Leiva 657:S.Leiva 597:S.Leiva 547:S.Leiva 537:S.Leiva 507:Mexican 495:Madeira 491:Funchal 469:, syn. 439:Species 418:Saracha 406:Dunalia 346:topiary 330:berries 326:flowers 286:Raf. 283:Valteta 278:Raf. 270:Raf. 262:Raf. 254:Raf. 176:Genus: 166:Tribe: 136:Order: 78:Plantae 1905:PLANTS 1897:448174 1884:362340 1832:273481 1793:100288 1741:559757 1641:PLANTS 1633:315011 1617:NZOR: 1610:304104 1584:821227 1545:186382 1506:116449 1467:438711 1454:191658 1451:APDB: 1350:Hunz." 1272:  1239:  1108:flavum 988:Benth. 918:Dammer 858:Dammer 818:Dammer 745:Bitter 557:Benth. 338:leaves 318:Brazil 314:Mexico 302:shrubs 187:Benth. 1910:ACNIS 1871:30633 1853:IRMNG 1780:1AKSG 1767:70975 1754:62838 1646:IOCHR 1566:IRMNG 1493:1IOHG 1106:var. 974:Hunz. 938:Regel 848:Miers 627:Miers 373:Andes 365:Kamsa 334:calyx 306:trees 124:Clade 111:Clade 98:Clade 85:Clade 1918:POWO 1879:NCBI 1866:ITIS 1840:IPNI 1814:GRIN 1801:GBIF 1775:EPPO 1736:BOLD 1654:POWO 1605:NCBI 1579:ITIS 1553:IPNI 1532:6050 1527:GRIN 1514:GBIF 1488:EPPO 1480:54PS 1462:BOLD 1270:ISBN 1237:ISBN 459:The 421:and 1944:WFO 1819:108 1788:FNA 1762:EoL 1749:CoL 1680:WFO 1592:NBN 1501:FNA 1475:CoL 1968:: 1946:: 1933:: 1920:: 1907:: 1894:: 1881:: 1868:: 1855:: 1842:: 1829:: 1816:: 1803:: 1790:: 1777:: 1764:: 1751:: 1738:: 1723:: 1708:: 1682:: 1669:: 1656:: 1643:: 1630:: 1607:: 1594:: 1581:: 1568:: 1555:: 1542:: 1529:: 1516:: 1503:: 1490:: 1477:: 1464:: 1439:: 1424:: 1248:^ 1228:^ 1191:^ 1004:→ 990:→ 976:→ 493:, 473:, 435:. 415:, 409:, 203:. 126:: 113:: 100:: 87:: 1377:5 1362:. 1346:" 1334:. 1318:" 1222:. 1206:" 1163:I 497:. 20:)

Index

Acnistus

Iochroma fuchsioides
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Plantae
Tracheophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Asterids
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanoideae
Physaleae
Iochroma
Benth.
See text
Synonyms
shrubs
trees
Solanaceae
Mexico
Brazil
South America
flowers
berries
calyx
leaves
topiary
phytochemicals

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