560:
often double and always placed much nearer to the distal margin than the one in 2; in the forms with black apex discal dots 3 to 6 on the upper surface are indistinct against the dark ground-colour. Hindwing: basal dots in (1a), 1b, 1c and 7; 1 or 2 dots in the cell; one dot each in the basal angle of cellules 4 and 5 and discal dots in 1b to 7, of which the one in 3 or 4 is placed nearer to the distal margin than the rest and the one in 2 nearer to the base than that in 1b. The hindwing above has a narrow black or blackish marginal band 1 to 2 mm. in breadth, beneath the streaks on the interneural folds are often red-yellow instead of black. Throughout
31:
816:
801:
538:
831:
66:
40:
996:
515:
The wingspan is 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in), with the female being slightly larger than the male, but otherwise similar in pattern and colour. The apex of the forewing is blackish and divided by a white bar. The rest of the surface of the wings are usually orange with black spots, however paler
559:
is a very variable and widely distributed species and appears in many forms but with no definite local races. The black dots are the same in all the forms and are arranged as follows. Fore wing: 1 or 2 basal dots in 1b; a transverse spot in the cell; discal dots in 1b to 6, of which that in 1b is
777:
In some populations there are two kinds of females, one producing offspring in a normal 1:1 sex ratio, the other producing females only. In other populations the sex ratio is apparently normal. Scientists first believed the distorted sex-ratio was caused by a driving
594:
Bdv. (56 e). Markings as in the type-form, but ground-colour straw-yellow to clay-yellow and marginal streaks on the underside of the hindwing usually black; marginal band on the upperside of the hind wing often widened and not sharply defined. Occurs especially on
575:
L. (56 e). The apical half of the forewing above blackish with white subapical band composed of 5 or 6 spots in cellules 3-6 (9, 10); ground-colour otherwise red-brown to yellow-brown, beneath somewhat lighter. f.
606:, but has a white or whitish ground colour; occasionally the basal half of the fore wing is smoky black-grey on both surfaces and on the upperside only a little lighter than the apical half, ab.
652:
Larva slate-black with yellow lateral line, small white and yellow dorsal spots edged with black, and black spines; head black. Pupa white with the usual black markings. The larva lives on
618:
The following forms differ from the preceding in having the apical half of the forewing above not or scarcely darker than the basal half, with distinct black discal dots.
1274:
1300:
1060:
Henning, G.A. & Williams, M.C. 2010 Taxonomic notes on the afrotropical taxa of the tribe
Acraeini Boisduval, 1833 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae)
633:
Godm. and Salv . Ground-colour of both wings light brown-yellow; the subapical band of the fore wing absent or only indicated by light yellowish spots.
774:. The flight period of the adults is all year, but they are most common from March to May. They are slow fliers, and perch on low-growing vegetation.
1248:
929:
1351:
830:
1356:
644:
in having the extremities of the veins above broadly and triangularly edged with black and the posterior half of the hindwing whitish.
1287:
1114:
1128:
918:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
800:
949:
1027:
Henning, G. A., 1993 Phylogenetic notes on the
African species of the subfamily Acraeinae. Part 2-3. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
815:
181:
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550:
1341:
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65:
30:
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Auriv. has the hindwing in the middle more or less extended white, but otherwise agrees with the type-form.
1119:
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1107:
1292:
1214:
160:
1077:
993:, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13). Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart.
1235:
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920:. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp.
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1318:
626:
Hew. (56 e). Ground-colour of both wings light grey; forewing with whitish subapical band.
673:
645:
529:, which is a highly unusual phenomenon as Müllerian mimicry is almost always monomorphic.
39:
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1335:
1016:
1000:
837:
737:
177:
1227:
779:
733:
52:
1012:
Pierre & Bernau, 2014 Classification et Liste
Synonymique des Taxons du Genre
1261:
1184:
736:
this species is absent from the dry western parts of the country, but common in
486:
127:
117:
1175:
729:
565:
48:
972:
783:
764:
654:
610:
ab. nov. A specimen with 3 black dots in the cell of the hindwing was named
482:
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varieties with a greyish or yellowish base colour are also found.
999:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
580:
Stgr. only differs from encedon in the smoky brown ground-colour.
1142:(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is caused by a male-killing bacterium
1240:
1150:
991:
Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen
Tagfalter
889:) Pierre & Bernaud, 2009, Butterflies of the World 31: 2
661:
The agreement in colour and markings between the forms of
899:) Henning & Williams, 2010, Metamorphosis 21 (1): 26
1040:
Pierre, J. & Bernaud, D., 2013 Nymphalidae XXIII.
1159:
740:coastal areas on the eastern side of the country.
957:Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa
762:The eggs are oval in shape. The larvae feed on
1129:All-female broods and mimetic polymorphism in
1081:13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 56
728:is found in Africa south of the Sahara and in
8:
1147:
1051:39 : 1-8, pl. 1-28 Goecke & Evers
856:, but see also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014
782:. Later research suggests it is caused by
38:
29:
20:
1133:(L.) (Lepidoptera: Acraeidae) in Tanzania
985:Aurivillius, C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A.
909:
796:
938:Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
7:
836:Larva of the nominate subspecies,
14:
1079:Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde
549:For a key to the terms used, see
994:
829:
814:
799:
602:F. (56 e) is very similar to f.
64:
987:Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde
519:The butterfly is a polymorphic
497:. It is one of the species of
1:
1352:Butterflies described in 1758
665:and those of the much larger
677:is very remarkable. Compare
551:Glossary of entomology terms
1357:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1378:
749:is found in south-western
721:There are two subspecies:
640:Auriv. only differs from
562:Africa south of the Sahara
548:
541:Male and female imagos in
440:Acraea lycia encedonoides
196:
189:
166:
159:
61:Scientific classification
59:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1138:Sex ratio distortion in
1049:Butterflies of the World
744:Acraea encedon rathjensi
1031:4 (1): 5-18, (2): 53-68
967:of Africa. March 2010.
965:Lepidopterists' Society
503:sometimes separated in
263:Godman and Salvin, 1884
47:Nominate subspecies in
1122:Acraea encedon encedon
849:It is a member of the
806:Mounted specimen from
726:Acraea encedon encedon
546:
1347:Butterflies of Africa
540:
1120:Images representing
1108:Images representing
533:Description in Seitz
368:Acraea encedon lycia
296:Acraea encedon lycia
24:White-barred acraea
16:Species of butterfly
1362:Butterflies of Asia
936:at Markku Savela's
916:Linnaeus, C. 1758.
475:white-barred acraea
1342:Acraea (butterfly)
1064:21 (1) : 2-38
547:
493:and south-western
491:sub-Saharan Africa
1329:
1328:
1314:Open Tree of Life
1153:Taxon identifiers
989:Band 13: Abt. 2,
867:) Henning, 1993,
768:species, such as
748:
668:Danaus chrysippus
526:Danaus chrysippus
489:. It is found in
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315:Aurivillius, 1913
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224:Papilio encedonia
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216:Telchinia encedon
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934:Fabricius, 1807"
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283:Staudinger, 1885
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270:
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219:(Linnaeus, 1758)
218:
211:(Linnaeus, 1758)
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208:Hyalites encedon
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950:"Metomorphosis"
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719:
614:(!) by Strand.
554:
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521:Müllerian mimic
513:
408:umbratalcippina
288:Acraea usagarae
255:Doubleday, 1848
243:Boisduval, 1833
240:Acraea sganzini
235:Fabricius, 1775
200:Papilio encedon
185:
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152:A. encedon
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399:Le Doux, 1931
397:
396:infuscatoides
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375:Le Cerf, 1927
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363:Le Cerf, 1927
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232:Papilio lycia
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161:Binomial name
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780:W chromosome
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743:
734:South Africa
725:
720:
717:Distribution
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687:A. alcippina
686:
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303:Strand, 1912
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276:Acraea lycia
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260:Acraea daira
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248:Acraea lycia
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169:
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151:
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138:
53:South Africa
18:
1262:iNaturalist
1185:Wikispecies
784:cytoplasmic
707:D. dorippus
699:D. dorippus
691:D. alcippus
674:D. dorippus
612:ascrepticia
595:Madagascar.
511:Description
487:Nymphalidae
336:alcippoides
300:ascrepticia
128:Nymphalidae
118:Lepidoptera
1336:Categories
904:References
871:4 (2): 54
771:C. diffusa
758:Life cycle
730:Madagascar
703:A. radiata
679:A. encedon
566:Madagascar
557:A. encedon
452:aurantiaca
372:carbonaria
360:perradiata
98:Arthropoda
49:Madagascar
1044:subgenus
973:864847323
897:Telchinia
893:Telchinia
885:subgroup
881:) (group
821:Imago in
765:Commelina
655:Commelina
585:alcippina
578:infuscata
505:Telchinia
483:butterfly
432:fulvoides
280:infuscata
146:Species:
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
1288:LepIndex
1280:11205056
1199:BioLib:
1176:Q4674872
1170:Wikidata
1092:sganzini
879:Actinote
861:Hyalites
845:Taxonomy
787:bacteria
695:A. daira
604:sganzini
592:sganzini
420:lycoides
384:poultoni
348:nigeriae
324:commixta
191:Synonyms
178:Linnaeus
124:Family:
94:Phylum:
88:Animalia
74:Domain:
1254:5136034
1124:at Bold
1088:encedon
887:encedon
883:encedon
865:encedon
863:(group
808:Eritrea
793:Gallery
711:albinus
646:Adamaua
638:radiata
573:encedon
481:, is a
134:Genus:
114:Order:
108:Insecta
104:Class:
1319:776553
1306:173248
1293:151281
1267:146865
1241:154882
1202:325212
1046:Acraea
1042:Acraea
1014:Acraea
971:
932:Acraea
875:Acraea
751:Arabia
624:necoda
608:fumosa
545:(1925)
500:Acraea
495:Arabia
469:, the
312:fumosa
139:Acraea
1275:IRMNG
1228:64MJ5
1215:79235
1103:daira
1096:lycia
963:(1).
953:(PDF)
823:Benin
732:. In
642:daira
631:daira
600:lycia
346:var.
252:fulva
250:var.
1301:NCBI
1249:GBIF
1210:BOLD
1115:Bold
1094:and
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