731:, readers are told to turn to a certain page according to the choice they wish to make to continue the story. Typically, the choice will be an action rather than dialogue. For example, the hero hears a noise in another room and must decide to open the door and investigate, run away, or call for help. This kind of interactive experience of a story is possible with video games and books (where the reader is free to turn the pages) but less adapted to other forms of entertainment. Improvisational theatre is similarly open-ended, but of course cannot be said to be authored.
43:
740:
problem by one or more of the characters; and the denouement, the aftermath of the response that makes clear the success, partial success, non-success, or uncertain success of the response. This fourth stage may also show how the original situation has changed due to what has taken place in the
Complication and Resolution stages of the narrative.
235:
in a different way. The second may refer to the development, or to a beginning of an action related to self-realization. The third section is based around a turning point, change in direction, reversal, or twist. The fourth and final section concerns itself with a result or conclusion, a consequence thereof, or a 'coming to fruition'.
259:. He advocated for a continuous two-act plot: δέσις (desis) and λύσις (lysis) which roughly translates to binding and unbinding, that was not centered on "one individual", but where the characters learn a lesson through negative reinforcement. He believed the Chorus was the most important part of the story.
234:
Kishōtenketsu is divided into four sections, which have been defined and used differently by narratives from each of the three cultures where the form is most commonly found. The first section is generally considered an introduction of sorts across all three interpretations, albeit understood by each
723:
An interactive narrative is one which is composed with a branching structure where a single starting point may lead to multiple developments and outcomes. The principle of all such games is that, at each step of the narrative, the user makes choices that advance the story, leading to a new series of
368:
diasgreed with him. "This is my prime discovery so far; & the fact that I've been so long finding it, proves, I think, how false Percy
Lubbock's doctrine is--that you can do this sort of thing consciously." in November 1923. She went back and forth on the work throughout her life. and thus wrote
171:
begins with setup, where all of the main characters and their basic situations are introduced, as well as the setting. It contains the primary level of characterization for both of these (exploring the characters' backgrounds and personalities, the relationships between them, and the dynamics of the
306:
wrote A Study of a Novel which examines the basis for Silas
Mariner's plot structure, where he argues for the Line of Emotion on Page 39. He argues that "The general epistolary structure may be partially represented by a graphic design." For which he posts a proposed design for Miss. Burney Evelina
119:
Story is a sequence of events, which can be true or fictitious, that appear in prose, verse or script, designed to amuse or inform an audience. Story structure is a way to organize the story's elements into a recognizable sequence. It has been shown to influence how the brain organizes information.
409:
who often tries to find a unifying idea for story structure and how to academically study them. For example, Joseph
Campbell tried to find one unifying story structure for myth, Ronald Barthes further argued for Death of the Author and Propp tried to find a story structure for Russian folktales.
739:
A simple graphic narrative, such as in comics, has four stages: an introduction of the characters and a description of a situation; the introduction of a problem, unexpected opportunity, or other complication into the situation; a resolution in the form of a partial or complete response to the
743:
In a simple narrative, the four stages appear in order. That is, the sequence of the telling or presentation follows the chronology of the told. In a more complex story, the order of the telling may vary. For instance, such a story may begin with the
Denouement and then present the Situation,
651:. Although some films appear to open (very briefly) with the ending, flashback movies almost immediately jump back to the very beginning of the story to proceed linearly from there. Usually the film will proceed past the supposed "ending" shown at the beginning of the movie.
160:
who popularized the form. Based on his recommendation that a play have a "beginning, middle, and end," the structure has been falsely attributed to
Aristotle, who in fact argued for a two-act structure consisting of a "complication" and "dénouement" split by a peripeteia.
711:
In works of interactive narration there is only one narrative but the method of delivery requires the user to actively work to gain the next piece of the narrative, or have to piece the parts of narrative that they have together in order to form a coherent narrative.
283:'s Die Technik Des Dramas which was published in 1863. He outlined the basics for what would later become the foundation for the three and five act story structures. He outlined the sections of the story as Introduction, Rise, Climax, Return or Fall, Catastrophe.
702:
are not arranged based on the linear sequence of events, but rather in a way that fulfills certain literary techniques. This allows the characters in the novel to have a believable life timeline while still employing the techniques that make a story enjoyable.
314:
who directly cited him, but argued that the diagram was supposed to be used only for short stories. He follows Selden
Lincoln Whitcomb's recommendations and says that parts are: Incident, emotion, crisis, suspense, climax, dénouement, conclusion.
298:
in which he goes out of his way to mention current French, Chinese, Jewish, English, and other cultures that Gustav
Freytag put down as never good enough except for Shakespeare. Polti argued for multiple shapes and situations of plots.
590:
However, other story structures became more widely known in the 2010s-2020s when
European and European diaspora writers became aware of story structures such as kishotenketsu which was said to be used in films such as,
689:
Outside of film, some novels also present their narrative in a non-linear fashion. Creative writing professor Jane Alison describes nonlinear narrative "patterns" such as spirals, waves, and meanders in her 2019 book
344:
in 1921. He argued that there were too many story structures in the time period which made it harder to study academically, and thus proposed that conflict should be at the center of all stories, using such works as
613:, disjointed narrative, or disrupted narrative is a narrative technique where events are portrayed out of chronological order or in other ways where the narrative does not follow the direct causality pattern.
329:
However, the coining for "Exposition" as the first part goes to earlier author, Rev. J.K. Brennan who wrote his essay "The
General Design of Plays for the book 'The Delphian Course'" (1912) for the
111:, which is presented in audiovisual form. Story structure can vary by culture and by location. The following is an overview of various story structures and components that might be considered.
542:
Lajos Egri is then credited in Syd Field's last edition of The Foundations of a Screenwriting published in 1979. The book argued for three acts, not five and had no peak in the final diagram.
715:
This is the narrative approach of some modern video games. A player will be required to reach an objective, complete a task, solve a puzzle, or finish a level before the narrative continues.
1257:
390:
who advocated for using psychology to build characters in The Art of Dramatic Writing, published 1946. He also examines character through the lens of physiology, sociology and psychology.
1149:
799:
535:
A U-shaped structure, that is, a story that begins with a state of equilibrium that descends to disaster and then upward to a new stable condition. This is the shape of a comedy.
603:
Most forms of narrative fall under two main categories: linear narrative and nonlinear narrative. Other forms also include interactive narration, and interactive narrative.
213:, or resolution, is when the problem in the story boils over, forcing the characters to confront it, allowing all the elements of the story to come together, leading to the
607:
Linear narrative is the most common form of narration, where events are largely portrayed in a chronological order telling the events in the order in which they occurred.
641:, often confused with true narratives, are not strictly linear, but the concept relies upon a fundamentally linear understanding of the narrative. An example would be
1200:
2125:
31:
1017:
120:
Story structures can vary culture to culture and throughout history. The same named story structure may also change over time as the culture also changes.
198:, or confrontation, is considered to be the bulk of the story. Here, the characters' conflict is most developed (particularly between the protagonist and
2776:
2454:
538:
An inverted U-shape structure, that is, a story in which the protagonist rises to prominence and descends to disaster. This is the shape of tragedy.
376:
1385:
2137:
64:
51:
1346:
1312:
1272:
1234:
966:
891:
1466:
1145:
95:'s different elements are unified, including in a particularly chosen order and sometimes specifically referring to the ordering of the
1178:
686:. The plot contains parallel developments, playing on the idea of what might have happened had the characters made different choices.
295:
310:
He presupposes that stories might have different shapes for those emotions. And this leads to diagraming that was later described by
2540:
2120:
916:
592:
983:
629:
that influence the narrative (for example, through alternative plots or resulting in alternative endings) through their actions.
191:, where the first act ends and a dramatic question is raised; for example, "Will X disable the bomb?" or "Will Y get the girl?"
665:. The film is ostensibly three short stories, which, upon closer inspection, are actually three sections of one story with the
326:, though no credit was given to Joseph Esenwein. The plot structure was then used by Death of a Salesman author Arthur Miller.
279:
However, the majority of the treaties for story structure took off in the 19th-20th centuries. The first notable figure being
941:
753:
573:
202:) as well as any changes in values and personality one or more characters may undergo (known as character development, or a
2449:
1861:
1082:
1050:
2718:
2003:
206:). This leads to the second plot point, where the second act ends and the protagonist returns to their ordinary world.
724:
choices. Authoring non-linear narrative or dialogue thus implies imagining an indefinite number of parallel stories.
572:, who often argued about the nature of stories and what if any the story structures could be. Some authors, such as
145:
The three-act structure is a common structure in classical film and other narrative forms in or associated with the
1009:
695:
2567:
1831:
1131:
Writing the short-story; a practical handbook on the rise, structure, writing, and sale of the modern short-story
699:
276:
argued for a five act chorus. Neither specify that five acts should be for the story itself, but for the chorus.
1362:
Lau, Siew; Chwen, Chen (2010). "Designing a Virtual Reality (VR) Storytelling System for Educational Purposes".
2766:
2740:
1935:
758:
187:). Their initial actions are to deal with this event and attempt to reestablish order. These lead to the first
129:
303:
2562:
2530:
2390:
2147:
2025:
1459:
784:
659:
Cinema can only provide the illusion through broken narrative, a famous example of this being the 1994 film
619:
refers to a work where the linear narrative is driven by, rather than influenced by, the user's interaction.
56:
2636:
2535:
2525:
2261:
2075:
2370:
2365:
2345:
2246:
1699:
1377:
638:
622:
616:
1427:
2771:
2621:
2444:
2070:
1783:
1667:
1595:
499:
415:
311:
264:
2708:
2550:
2500:
2468:
2407:
2360:
2132:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2063:
2015:
1923:
1826:
1808:
1679:
1076:
1044:
779:
610:
482:
354:
319:
256:
231:
Kishōtenketsu is a structure mainly derived from classic Chinese, Korean, and Japanese narratives.
140:
1230:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2611:
2557:
2325:
2315:
2089:
2058:
2045:
1856:
1841:
1798:
1758:
1684:
1635:
1452:
1194:
854:
774:
682:
569:
393:
However, there was a rise in structuralism in the mid-to-late 20th century with such thinkers as
380:
217:, which is the answer to the dramatic question, being hand in hand with the end of the conflict.
214:
744:
Complication, and Resolution in a flashback. But this is not the case with a simple narrative.
2691:
2577:
2495:
2461:
2385:
2355:
2320:
2290:
2035:
1993:
1988:
1918:
1913:
1885:
1851:
1816:
1526:
1342:
1308:
1268:
962:
937:
912:
887:
670:
546:
180:
157:
2761:
2631:
2473:
2375:
2350:
2340:
2335:
2310:
2214:
2030:
2020:
1978:
1768:
1733:
1722:
1652:
1620:
1536:
1511:
1483:
1172:
846:
519:
453:
330:
226:
96:
932:
Tierno, Michael (21 August 2002). "1. Let's Start at the Very Beginning, Middle, and End".
2676:
2626:
2616:
2483:
2439:
2422:
2330:
1673:
1600:
1585:
1531:
959:
The Depiction of Terrorists in Blockbuster Hollywood Films, 1980-2001: An Analytical Study
554:
550:
509:
448:
402:
146:
357:
in his work. He made a concentrated effort to look at conflict at the center of stories.
2664:
2643:
2429:
2417:
2285:
2256:
2008:
1846:
1763:
1748:
1506:
676:
An even more ambitious attempt at constructing a film based on non-linear narrative is
561:
398:
394:
372:
287:
280:
269:
100:
1129:
2755:
2725:
2590:
2478:
2434:
2380:
2300:
2270:
2209:
2167:
1950:
1928:
1875:
1715:
1694:
1689:
1541:
1521:
1501:
789:
677:
565:
504:
494:
433:
419:, he deals extensively with what he calls myths of spring, summer, fall, and winter:
406:
365:
361:
337:
291:
203:
835:"Cultural Representations of Rhetorical Conventions: The Effects on Reading Recalls"
2730:
2595:
1968:
1704:
1645:
1590:
1563:
661:
648:
643:
584:
580:
557:
asserted that such universally shared, deep structures were logically impossible.
1104:
579:
Ideas of this got shared over the next few decades which lead to writers such as
2735:
2701:
2696:
2305:
2295:
2241:
2219:
2053:
1940:
1753:
1738:
1709:
1662:
1605:
1580:
1568:
1327:
Northrop Frye, The Great Code (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982, 1981).
879:
763:
428:
350:
176:
30:"Dramatic Structure" redirects here. For the 1973 book by Jackson G. Barry, see
1072:
2585:
2490:
2182:
2098:
2093:
1773:
1743:
1491:
1040:
673:
constructs the narrative without resorting to classic "flashback" techniques.
666:
387:
199:
188:
99:: the narrative series of events, though this can vary based on culture. In a
17:
2545:
2512:
2275:
2197:
1998:
1898:
1821:
1778:
1728:
1640:
1575:
1516:
1496:
1475:
1146:"Episcopal Diocese of Northern Indiana Archives: Rev. Jesse Ketchum Brennan"
984:"The Editor; the Journal of Information for Literary Workers, Volumes 37-38"
476:
461:
252:
153:
92:
1657:
42:
1378:"Meander, Spiral, Explode: Design and Pattern in Narrative by Jane Alison"
819:
333:. Exposition, not Introduction nor "Incident" are used as the first part.
2713:
2520:
2204:
2172:
2084:
2079:
1958:
1903:
1836:
1793:
1558:
1547:
794:
728:
514:
490:
184:
2648:
2412:
2280:
2236:
2231:
2161:
1983:
1973:
1788:
1610:
858:
834:
768:
470:
444:
274:
Aeli Donati qvod fertvr Commentvm Terenti: Accendvnt Evgravphi Volume 2
104:
833:
Hsi-Chin Janet Chu, Janet Swaffar and Davida H. Charney (2017-06-10).
2652:
2402:
2187:
1963:
1870:
1629:
466:
441:
424:
850:
576:
advocated for the use of both such as in The Art of Fiction (1983).
427:, that is, stories that lead from bad situations to happy endings.
375:
also later contributed to the general feel of stories by promoting
2659:
2226:
2177:
2155:
1908:
1893:
2397:
2192:
1553:
545:
This idea of a universal story structure fell out of favor with
172:
world they live in). This setup is often called the exposition.
1448:
36:
1444:
1419:
1258:"Was the birth of modern art psycholinguistically minded?"
243:
This covers a loose worldwide history of story structure.
909:
The Classical Plot and the Invention of Western Narrative
692:
Meander, Spiral, Explode: Design and Pattern in Narrative
1265:
Studies in the Psychology of Language and Communication
251:
The first known treaties on story structure comes from
911:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. x.
625:
is a form of fiction in which users are able to make
464:
that lead from ideal situations to disaster. Compare
318:
This diagram was copied and explained one for one by
91:
is the recognizable or comprehensible way in which a
886:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 167.
2604:
2576:
2511:
2255:
2146:
2044:
1949:
1884:
1807:
1619:
1482:
290:'s theories and directly went against him such as
800:The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers
383:and looking at writing as a look into psychology.
1307:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 125.
587:who contributed language such as "Story Beats".
531:, he offers two narrative structures for plots:
1305:Literary Theory and Criticism: An Oxford Guide
1218:(First ed.). Harcourt Brace. p. 272.
1460:
32:Dramatic Structure: The Shaping of Experience
8:
158:Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting
564:rose with story structure, there were also
1467:
1453:
1445:
1199:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
302:This continued into the 19th century when
1420:"Jonathan Bass | Rutgers University"
961:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 102.
179:experiences a dynamic event known as the
771:as the basic unit of narrative structure
67:of all important aspects of the article.
884:Storytelling in World Cinemas: Contexts
811:
2138:Types of fiction with multiple endings
1339:The Philosophy of Law: An Encyclopedia
1192:
63:Please consider expanding the lead to
1237:from the original on 30 December 2021
1216:he Diary of Virginia Woolf Volume Two
1181:from the original on 30 December 2021
1073:"18 (Aristotle on the Art of Poetry)"
1028:– via Kata Biblon Wiki Lexicon.
934:Aristotle's Poetics for Screenwriters
7:
1341:. New York: Routledge. p. 669.
1152:from the original on 2 February 2023
1053:from the original on 27 January 2021
1041:"8 (Aristotle on the Art of Poetry)"
1008:Liddell; Scott; Jones, eds. (1940).
322:almost verbatim, in Kenneth Rowe's
296:The Thirty-Six Dramatic Situations
25:
2541:Third-person omniscient narrative
1085:from the original on 24 July 2021
593:Everything Everywhere All at Once
369:some bits on their own treaties.
262:Later scholars such as Horace in
2777:Parts of the narrative structure
1337:Grey, Christopher Berry (2013).
1081:. Translated by Ingram Bywater.
1049:. Translated by Ingram Bywater.
1020:from the original on 2 June 2022
41:
1430:from the original on 2023-01-24
1388:from the original on 2020-01-28
560:At the same time that Literary
286:Some theorists had issues with
107:especially, this can be called
55:may be too short to adequately
1929:Conflict between good and evil
1405:Baraou, Anne. "Facing Faces",
1134:. Hinds, Noble & Eldredge.
1128:Esenwein, Joseph Berg (1909).
1092:– via www.authorama.com.
1060:– via www.authorama.com.
754:The Hero with a Thousand Faces
247:European and European Diaspora
65:provide an accessible overview
1:
1292:. Touchstone. pp. 35–37.
1014:Perseus Greek–English Lexicon
1103:Whitcomb, Selden L. (1905).
175:Later in the first act, the
1290:The Art of Dramatic Writing
700:Before We Visit the Goddess
440:Summer myths are similarly
2793:
696:Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
224:
138:
127:
29:
2568:Stream of unconsciousness
2099:Falling action/Catastasis
982:Lieberman, Elias (1913).
353:. And also advocated for
1936:Self-fulfilling prophecy
1364:Education and Automation
1303:Waugh, Patricia (2006).
1214:Woolf, Virginia (1980).
957:Vanhala, Helena (2011).
759:List of story structures
130:List of story structures
2563:Stream of consciousness
2026:Suspension of disbelief
1256:Batoréo, Hanna (2010).
1171:Lubbock, Percy (1921).
785:Rule of three (writing)
377:stream-of-consciousness
304:Selden Lincoln Whitcomb
2104:Denouement/Catastrophe
2085:Rising action/Epitasis
1231:"The Craft of Fiction"
1177:. London. p. 18.
1109:. University of Kansas
1010:"λύσις - release (n.)"
386:This was furthered by
379:and supported much of
2450:Utopian and dystopian
1229:Bronstein, Michaela.
719:Interactive narrative
707:Interactive narration
623:Interactive narrative
617:Interactive narration
2004:Narrative techniques
1784:Story within a story
1596:Supporting character
1288:Egri, Lajos (1946).
1174:The Craft of Fiction
1106:The Study of a Novel
907:Lowe, N. J. (2000).
680:'s 1993 French film
416:Anatomy of Criticism
342:The Craft of Fiction
2709:Political narrative
2551:Unreliable narrator
2408:Speculative fiction
2116:Nonlinear narrative
2064:Three-act structure
1924:Deal with the Devil
1407:Drawn and Quarterly
1267:. matrix: 149–164.
655:Nonlinear narrative
611:Nonlinear narrative
483:Legends of the Fall
413:In Northrop Frye's
355:Death of the Author
152:It originated with
141:Three-act structure
135:Three-act structure
89:narrative structure
2687:Narrative paradigm
2682:Narrative identity
2612:Dominant narrative
2558:Multiple narrators
1842:Fictional location
1685:Dramatic structure
820:"Story Definition"
775:Non-narrative film
694:. The chapters of
683:Smoking/No Smoking
570:Post-postmodernism
381:Literary Modernism
164:The sections are:
109:dramatic structure
2749:
2748:
2692:Narrative therapy
2126:television series
2071:Freytag's Pyramid
1914:Moral development
1817:Alternate history
1527:False protagonist
1348:978-0-8153-1344-1
1314:978-0-19-925836-9
1274:978-83-932212-0-2
968:978-0-7864-3662-0
893:978-0-231-16336-1
735:Graphic narrative
671:Quentin Tarantino
547:poststructuralism
489:Winter myths are
423:Spring myths are
181:inciting incident
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
2784:
2672:Literary science
2215:Narrative poetry
2111:Linear narrative
2021:Stylistic device
2016:Show, don't tell
1979:Figure of speech
1769:Shaggy dog story
1512:Characterization
1469:
1462:
1455:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1424:j9bass.github.io
1416:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1262:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1016:(9th ed.).
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
979:
973:
972:
954:
948:
947:
929:
923:
922:
904:
898:
897:
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
830:
824:
823:
816:
634:Linear narrative
437:is such a story.
360:Writers such as
331:Delphian Society
77:
74:
68:
45:
37:
27:Literary element
21:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2767:Literary theory
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2677:Literary theory
2617:Fiction writing
2600:
2572:
2507:
2259:
2251:
2142:
2040:
1945:
1880:
1803:
1674:Deus ex machina
1615:
1601:Title character
1586:Stock character
1532:Focal character
1478:
1473:
1443:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1389:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1054:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1007:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
981:
980:
976:
969:
956:
955:
951:
944:
931:
930:
926:
919:
906:
905:
901:
894:
878:
877:
873:
863:
861:
851:10.2307/3588239
839:TESOL Quarterly
832:
831:
827:
818:
817:
813:
808:
750:
737:
721:
709:
657:
636:
601:
555:Jacques Derrida
551:Michel Foucault
510:Brave New World
493:; for example,
460:Fall myths are
403:Joseph Campbell
324:Write That Play
312:Joseph Esenwein
249:
241:
229:
223:
143:
137:
132:
126:
117:
85:Story structure
78:
72:
69:
62:
50:This article's
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2741:Verisimilitude
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2646:
2644:Parallel novel
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2415:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2286:Action fiction
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2087:
2082:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1764:Self-insertion
1761:
1756:
1751:
1749:Poetic justice
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1551:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1507:Character flaw
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1411:
1398:
1369:
1354:
1347:
1329:
1320:
1313:
1295:
1280:
1273:
1248:
1221:
1206:
1163:
1137:
1120:
1095:
1063:
1031:
1000:
974:
967:
949:
942:
924:
917:
899:
892:
871:
845:(4): 511–541.
825:
810:
809:
807:
804:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
766:
761:
756:
749:
746:
736:
733:
720:
717:
708:
705:
656:
653:
635:
632:
631:
630:
620:
614:
608:
600:
597:
562:Structuralists
540:
539:
536:
525:
524:
487:
480:and the movie
458:
438:
399:Vladimir Propp
395:Roland Barthes
373:Gertrude Stein
336:This leads to
288:Gustav Freytag
281:Gustav Freytag
270:Aelius Donatus
248:
245:
240:
237:
225:Main article:
222:
219:
139:Main article:
136:
133:
128:Main article:
125:
122:
116:
113:
80:
79:
59:the key points
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2789:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Screenwriting
2724:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Second-person
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:Magic realism
2433:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:Psychological
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Philosophical
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2271:Autobiography
2269:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:Narrative art
2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Flash fiction
2166:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Act structure
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1876:Worldbuilding
1874:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1723:Kishōtenketsu
1720:
1718:
1717:
1716:In medias res
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Foreshadowing
1693:
1691:
1690:Eucatastrophe
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Chekhov's gun
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1542:Gothic double
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:Deuteragonist
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:Character arc
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1164:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1096:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
1001:
989:
985:
978:
975:
970:
964:
960:
953:
950:
945:
939:
935:
928:
925:
920:
918:0-521-77176-5
914:
910:
903:
900:
895:
889:
885:
881:
875:
872:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
826:
821:
815:
812:
805:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:Screenwriting
788:
786:
783:
781:
780:Rising action
778:
776:
773:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
747:
745:
741:
734:
732:
730:
725:
718:
716:
713:
706:
704:
701:
697:
693:
687:
685:
684:
679:
678:Alain Resnais
674:
672:
668:
664:
663:
654:
652:
650:
646:
645:
640:
633:
628:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
605:
604:
598:
596:
594:
588:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
567:
566:Postmodernism
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
543:
537:
534:
533:
532:
530:
522:
521:
516:
512:
511:
506:
505:Aldous Huxley
502:
501:
496:
495:George Orwell
492:
488:
485:
484:
479:
478:
473:
472:
468:
463:
459:
456:
455:
450:
446:
443:
439:
436:
435:
434:Twelfth Night
430:
426:
422:
421:
420:
418:
417:
411:
408:
407:Northrop Frye
404:
400:
396:
391:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:
366:Virginia Wolf
363:
362:E. M. Forster
358:
356:
352:
348:
347:War and Peace
343:
339:
338:Percy Lubbock
334:
332:
327:
325:
321:
316:
313:
308:
305:
300:
297:
293:
292:Georges Polti
289:
284:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
266:
260:
258:
254:
246:
244:
238:
236:
232:
228:
227:Kishōtenketsu
221:Kishōtenketsu
220:
218:
216:
212:
207:
205:
204:character arc
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
170:
165:
162:
159:
155:
150:
148:
142:
134:
131:
123:
121:
114:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
76:
66:
60:
58:
53:
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Act structure
2731:Storytelling
2546:Subjectivity
2536:Third-person
2526:First-person
2160:
1969:Comic relief
1721:
1714:
1705:Flashforward
1672:
1646:Origin story
1628:
1591:Straight man
1546:
1432:. Retrieved
1423:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1390:. Retrieved
1381:
1372:
1363:
1357:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1304:
1298:
1289:
1283:
1264:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1224:
1215:
1209:
1183:. Retrieved
1173:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1140:
1130:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1105:
1098:
1087:. Retrieved
1077:
1066:
1055:. Retrieved
1045:
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1013:
1003:
991:. Retrieved
987:
977:
958:
952:
936:. Hyperion.
933:
927:
908:
902:
883:
880:Khatib, Lina
874:
862:. Retrieved
842:
838:
828:
814:
742:
738:
726:
722:
714:
710:
691:
688:
681:
675:
662:Pulp Fiction
660:
658:
649:Orson Welles
644:Citizen Kane
642:
637:
626:
602:
589:
585:Save the Cat
581:Blake Snyder
578:
574:John Gardner
559:
544:
541:
528:
526:
518:
508:
498:
481:
475:
465:
452:
432:
414:
412:
392:
385:
371:
359:
346:
341:
335:
328:
323:
320:Kenneth Rowe
317:
309:
307:on page 21.
301:
285:
278:
273:
263:
261:
250:
242:
233:
230:
210:
208:
195:
193:
174:
168:
166:
163:
151:
144:
118:
108:
88:
84:
83:
73:October 2019
70:
54:
52:lead section
2772:Narratology
2736:Tellability
2702:Metafiction
2697:Narratology
2469:Theological
2361:Pop culture
2242:Short story
2220:Epic poetry
1941:Time travel
1754:Red herring
1739:Plot device
1710:Frame story
1663:Cliffhanger
1606:Tritagonist
1581:Protagonist
1241:30 December
1185:30 December
1113:22 December
1078:The Poetics
1071:Aristotle.
1046:The Poetics
1039:Aristotle.
864:January 28,
764:Narratology
669:broken up;
517:'s novella
429:Shakespeare
351:Leo Tolstoy
265:Ars Poetica
177:protagonist
103:or work of
2756:Categories
2622:Continuity
2491:Nonfiction
2455:Underwater
2351:Picaresque
2326:Historical
2311:Epistolary
2183:Fairy tale
2094:Peripeteia
2076:Exposition
1832:Dreamworld
1774:Stereotype
1744:Plot twist
1492:Antagonist
1434:2023-01-25
1392:2020-01-28
1156:2 February
1089:2023-01-25
1057:2023-01-25
1024:30 October
943:0786887400
806:References
667:chronology
639:Flashbacks
599:Categories
529:Great Code
527:In Frye's
388:Lajos Egri
340:who wrote
200:antagonist
196:second act
189:plot point
124:Variations
115:Definition
2513:Narration
2462:Superhero
2386:Chivalric
2371:Religious
2356:Political
2291:Adventure
2276:Biography
2198:Tall tale
2046:Structure
2031:Symbolism
1999:Narration
1899:Leitmotif
1827:Crossover
1822:Backstory
1779:Story arc
1729:MacGuffin
1700:Flashback
1641:Backstory
1517:Confidant
1497:Archenemy
1484:Character
1476:Narrative
1409:10 (1992)
1195:cite book
698:'s novel
491:dystopias
477:King Lear
462:tragedies
445:fantasies
253:Aristotle
211:third act
169:first act
154:Syd Field
93:narrative
57:summarize
2719:Glossary
2714:Rhetoric
2521:Diegesis
2501:Creative
2474:Thriller
2423:Southern
2341:Paranoid
2336:Nautical
2247:Vignette
2205:Gamebook
2173:Folklore
2080:Protasis
1959:Allegory
1904:Metaphor
1862:parallel
1857:universe
1837:Dystopia
1794:Suspense
1680:Dialogue
1668:Conflict
1576:Narrator
1548:Hamartia
1428:Archived
1386:Archived
1382:Catapult
1235:Archived
1233:. Yale.
1179:Archived
1150:Archived
1083:Archived
1051:Archived
1018:Archived
882:(2013).
795:Suspense
748:See also
729:gamebook
549:such as
515:Ayn Rand
454:Paradiso
447:such as
425:comedies
185:catalyst
2762:Fiction
2649:Prequel
2605:Related
2591:Present
2484:Western
2440:Science
2413:Fantasy
2381:Romance
2331:Mystery
2316:Ergodic
2281:Fiction
2237:Parable
2232:Novella
2162:Fabliau
2133:Premise
1984:Imagery
1974:Diction
1852:country
1809:Setting
1789:Subplot
1611:Villain
1564:Byronic
859:3588239
769:Narreme
627:choices
471:Othello
442:utopian
257:Poetics
239:History
105:theatre
2653:Sequel
2637:Retcon
2632:Reboot
2596:Future
2430:Horror
2418:Gothic
2403:Satire
2321:Erotic
2188:Legend
2090:Climax
1964:Bathos
1871:Utopia
1759:Reveal
1658:Cliché
1636:Action
1630:Ab ovo
1569:Tragic
1366:: 135.
1345:
1311:
1271:
993:9 June
988:Google
965:
940:
915:
890:
857:
520:Anthem
513:, and
474:, and
467:Hamlet
215:climax
2660:Genre
2627:Canon
2578:Tense
2496:Novel
2479:Urban
2391:Prose
2376:Rogue
2301:Crime
2296:Comic
2257:Genre
2227:Novel
2178:Fable
2156:Drama
2121:films
1951:Style
1919:Motif
1909:Moral
1894:Irony
1886:Theme
1799:Trope
1261:(PDF)
855:JSTOR
727:In a
449:Dante
2665:List
2586:Past
2445:Hard
2398:Saga
2306:Docu
2262:List
2193:Myth
2148:Form
2036:Tone
2009:Hook
1994:Mood
1989:Mode
1847:city
1734:Pace
1621:Plot
1559:Anti
1554:Hero
1537:Foil
1343:ISBN
1309:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1243:2021
1201:link
1187:2021
1158:2023
1115:2021
1026:2021
995:2024
963:ISBN
938:ISBN
913:ISBN
888:ISBN
866:2021
568:and
553:and
500:1984
364:and
268:and
209:The
194:The
183:(or
167:The
147:West
101:play
97:plot
2054:Act
847:doi
647:by
583:'s
507:'s
497:'s
451:'s
431:'s
349:by
294:'s
272:in
255:'s
156:in
87:or
2758::
2651:/
1426:.
1422:.
1384:.
1380:.
1263:.
1197:}}
1193:{{
1148:.
1075:.
1043:.
1012:.
986:.
853:.
843:36
841:.
837:.
595:.
503:,
469:,
405:,
401:,
397:,
149:.
2264:)
2260:(
2092:/
2078:/
1468:e
1461:t
1454:v
1437:.
1395:.
1351:.
1317:.
1277:.
1245:.
1203:)
1189:.
1160:.
1117:.
997:.
971:.
946:.
921:.
896:.
868:.
849::
822:.
523:.
486:.
457:.
75:)
71:(
61:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
