2298:(2011), Lisa Purse described the media response to female leads in action films reveal a discomfort about their presence and are often described with hesitant terms of women moving into territories that are perceived as masculine. Revealing woman in this form deconstructs the notion that traditional marks of masculinity are not exclusive to men and that musculature was not natural, but something to be achieved. Accusations of these muscular women of the era were levelled at that them by 1993 were that they were "men in drag" and that the films generally have to "explain" why their female leads displayed physical aggression and why they were "driven to do it." As the 1990s went on, Hollywood films began having more conventional looking women in their action films such as
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lacked the kind of dazzling action choreography as expected today and had crude and rudimentary special effects. These films came under increasing attack by both government officials and cultural elites for their allegedly superstitious and anarchistic tendencies, leading them to be banned in 1932. It was not until the base of
Chinese commercial filmmaking was relocated from Shanghai to Hong Kong in the late 1940s that martial arts cinema was revived. These films contained much of the characteristics of the previous era. During this period, over 100 films were based on the adventures of real life Cantonese folk hero
442:(1956) which showed influence of the Shanghai martial arts films but also circulated from Hong Kong to Taiwan and Chinese communities overseas. This led to a growing demand in both local and regional markets in the early 1960s and saw a surge in production of Hong Kong martial arts films that went beyond the stories about Wong Fei-hung which were declining in popularity. These new martial arts films featured magical swordplay and higher production values and more sophisticated special effects than the previous films with
1094:, film, the focus on the kung fu film is on the martial arts over chivalry, The martial arts films was in decline by the mid-1970s in Hong Kong in relation to the stock market crash which went from over 150 films in 1972 to just over 80 in 1975, which led to a downfall in martial arts films produced. When the economy became to rebound, a new trend of martial arts films, the Shaolin kung fu films emerged and sparked a revival of the genre. Unlike the
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action films developed into their own recognizable genre instead of being a collection of other types of films such as
Westerns, swashbucklers or adventure films. Films have been described "action films" or "action-adventure film" as early as the 1910s. Only by the 1980s was the term action as its own unique genre used routinely in terms of promotion and reviewing practices.
422:(1961). By at least the 1950s, Japanese films were looked upon as a model to be emulated by Hong Kong film production, and Hong Kong film companies began actively enlisting professionals from Japan, such as cinematographer Tadashi Nishimoto to contribute to color and widescreen cinematography. New literary sources also developed in martial arts films of this period, with the
1199:. The term is used broadly. Baker described the style as Hong Kong action films which feature gangsters and gunplay and martial arts that were more violent than kung fu films and academic Kristof Van Den Troost described it a term used to distinguish Hong Kong gun-heavy action films from period martial arts films from the late 1980s and early 1990s.
31:
1347:, Amanda Howell suggested that this label was used to help distance Australian cinema from Hollywood films as it would be suggesting commerce over culture and that it would be "quite unacceptable to make Australian movies using conventions established in the U.S.A." Howell stated this to be the case with action films of the 1970s and 1980s with
2176:
156:, Lennart Soberson stated that the action film genre has been a subject of scholarly debate since the 1980s. Soberson wrote that repeated traits of the genre include chase sequences, fights, shootouts, explosions, and stunt work while other scholars asserted there were more underlying traits that define the genre.
2203:
In Hong Kong, the "new school" of martial arts films that Shaw
Brothers brought in 1965 featured what featured what Yip described as "strong, active female characters as protagonists." These female-centered films were challenged with the rise of a new male heroic prototype marked by a strong sense of
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grew to become popular outside of Japan, and
Kitamura said he was aiming for the foreign audience, as he was disappointed with the current state of Japanese films. Kitamura's characters have been described as "a careful combination of the maverick independence of 1980s Hollywood action heroes and the
347:
In transnational cinema, there are two major trends in action films: Hollywood action films and their style being imitated around the globe and the other being
Chinese-language martial arts films. The roots of action films extend into the beginning of film but it was only in the mid-20th century when
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failing to reach the popularity Bachan had. These films predominantly earned their revenue through longer runs at B-grade theatres. A cycle of action films came from these films in the 1980s and 1990s called the
Avenging Woman film, where female protagonists seek justice for a rape victim, where the
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France is a major
European country for film production and has made co-production commitments with 44 countries around the world. Around beginning of the 21st century, France began producing a series of films explicitly intended for international markets, with action films representing a significant
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Anglophone action film scholarship has tended to emphasize bigger budget
American action films, with academics tending to find films that fall out of Hollywood productions as not quite fitting definitions of the genre. By 2024, many national and regional industries were known for action films. These
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and
Agnieszka Soltysik Monnet said that the difference between these concepts are elusive, but stated that genre could be defined as belonging to specific historical and cultural moments while "mode" and "form" can refer to a larger pattern that operates across a wider historical and cultural field.
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which had several genres attached to it, but featured several martial arts sequences. By the end of the 1970s, the style was an established genre in
American cinema, often featuring tough heroic characters who would fight and not think about their actions until after a fight sequence. In the 1980s,
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series are permitted to visibly sweat, strain and be bloodied, Purse found a reluctance for filmmakers to have their female leads have any appearance warping injuries to ensure a perfectly made-up face. Comedy is often used in films of this period to place the female leads in implausible elements,
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The first Chinese-language martial arts films can be traced to Shanghai cinema of the late 1920s. These films were popular during the period, which comprised almost 60% of the total Chinese films. Man-Fung Yip stated that these film were "rather tame" by contemporary standards. He wrote that they
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discourse about choice, power and sexuality. Marc O'Day interprets the action heroine's dual status of an active subject and sexual object was overturning the traditional gender binary because the films "assume that women are powerful" without resorting to justify her physical aggression through
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allowed South Koreans to substitute deferred travel beyond the border through films with locations shot in Hong Kong. While melodrama and comedy were stapples in South Korean cinema, most action films were sporadic and tied to the use of locations such as Hong Kong. These films often featured
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series. Tasker wrote that despite the central characters in superhero cinema being extraordinary, occasionally even God-like, they often followed the traces of the central character becoming powerful of which is fundamental to action films, often dealt with origin stories in superhero films.
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A vibrant debate exists about whether hypersexualization is itself empowering and, if not, whether a hypersexualized female character can still represent strength and autonomy. Hypersexualized female action leads had tight fitting or revealing costumes that Tasker identified as "exaggerated
1765:(1997) involving men who gain confidence and achieve personal growth as they embark on journeys to protect national state and meet devastating ends. South Korean cinema only received international attention in both art film and blockbuster formats towards the end of the 1990s. Films such as
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echoed that these films were typified by "excessive spectacle" as a "desperate attempt to mask the lack of content." Geoff King argued that the spectacle can also be a vehicle for narrative, opposed to interfering with it. Soberson stated that Harvey O'Brien had "perhaps the most convincing
1789:(1999) received commercial releases in North America, Asia, and Europe. The success of the latter two films was unprecedented, and was followed by other South Korean action films in the early 2000s reaching the top of the local box office. These South Korean films mimic some traits of the
224:(2024), Tasker, Lisa Purse, and Chris Holmlund stated that thinking of action as a mode is more helpful than thinking of it as a genre. The three authors suggested that action frames a certain manner of filmmaking and viewing exceed genre without eclipsing it stating that websites such as
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Action films often interface with other genres. Tasker wrote that films are often labelled action thrillers, action-fantasy and action-adventure films with different nuances. Tasker later discussed that the term action film genre and adventure are often used in hybrid, and are even used
2452:(2005) did showcase women having expensive cars, clothing, travel, homes and often high-paying jobs, but that this was only shown as being applicable to white middle-class women. Purse found that these women were empowered at the price of women of other ethnicities. This is seen in
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which has two meanings: the physical effort required to completing a task and the abilities and skills acquired over time. Films from the period reflected on the cultural and social climate from the period, as seen in invoking Japanese or Wester imperialist forces as foils.
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that Hollywood action films are both one of the most popular and popularly derided of contemporary cinema genres, stating that "in mainstream discourse, the genre is regularly lambasted for favoring spectacle over finely tuned narrative." Bordwell echoed this in his book,
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that action films are both one of the most popular and popularly derided of contemporary cinema genres, stating that "in mainstream discourse, the genre is regularly lambasted for favoring spectacle over finely tuned narrative." Bordwell echoed this in his book,
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504:. The popularity of kung fu films and Bruce Lee led to attract a global audience of these films in the United States and Europe, but was cut short on Lee's death in 1973 leading the phases popularity to decline. Following a period of stagnation, Chang Cheh and
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which again revitalized the swordplay styled films. By the turn of the century Hollywood action films would look towards Hong Kong cinema and bringing some of their major actors and directors over to apply their style to their films, such as Chan, Woo, Li,
1716:("living theatre") was a term that indicated plays and films driven by action scenes, while this term has not been used regularly since the late 1970s, with "action movie" becoming the more familiar term. The Korean action films came from Japanese cinema,
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1527:(1975). The box office success of these films made Bachchan a star and spawned the "angry young man" film in Bollywood cinema. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the action genre film declined considerably with new films predominantly featuring former
212:(2015), she found that the most broadly consistent themes tend to be a characters quest from freedom from oppression such as a hero overcoming enemies or obstacles and physical conflicts or challenge, usually battling other humans or alien opponents.
64:
suggested they were films that favor spectacle to storytelling, others such as Geoff King stated they allow the scenes of spectacle to be attuned to story telling. Action films are often hybrid with other genres, mixing into various forms ranging to
964:(2013) said that categorization of multiple generic genre labels was common in film reviews who are rarely concerned with succinct descriptions that evoke elements of the film's form, content and make no claims beyond on how these elements combine.
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1157:
action films that first were made in the late 1980s in the United States were martial arts films. Towards the end of the 1990s, production of low-budget marital arts films declined as no new stars in the genre developed and older actors such as
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magazine conducted a poll with fifty experts in the field of action cinema, including actors, critics, filmmakers and stuntmen. Out of the 101 films ranked in the poll, the following films were voted the top ten best action films of all time.
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sub-genre at beginning of the decade and moved beyond the swordplay films with contemporary settings of late Qing or early Republican periods and had more hand-to-hand combat over supernatural swordplay and special effects. A new studio,
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In the 1990s, the country's national cinema was in decline leading to Hong Kong gangster films filled in this void leading to large commercial success at the national box office. Early Korean heirs to Hong Kong action films include
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briefly allowed an influx of Hong Kong films to Japan, but the trend did not last, with 28 Hong Kong films, mostly kung fu films, being released in 1974, and the number decreasing to five in 1975, four in 1977 and only two in 1978.
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Heroic Bloodshed is a that originates with English-language Hong Kong action and crime film fan communities in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Author Bey Logan stated that the term was coined by Rick Baker, in the British fanzine
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interchangeably. Along with Holmund and Purse, Tasker wrote that the action films expansiveness complicates easy categorization and though the genre is often spoken of as singular genre, it is rarely discussed as singular style.
741:(1971). O'Brien described these films as emphasizing "the fusion of man and machine" with the drivers and vehicles acting as one, concluding with what he described as "the ultimate in apocalyptic modernity and social erasure" in
169:
understanding of the genre", stating that the action film was "best understood as a fusion of form and content. It represents the idea and ethic of action through a form in which action, agitation and movement are paramount."
2385:. These series like their television series earlier, had their leads eroticized as active and physically capable while also being scantily-clad, hyper-feminized similar to the woman of exploitation films of the 1970s such as
1395:(2015) derived from Australia's long-standing cinematic fascination with the road and cars and a history of cultural anxiety towards a bleak and forbidding outback landscape opposed to the optimism of American action films.
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Postcolonial Hong Kong cinema has struggled to maintain its international identity as a provider of these types action films because the talents involved had abandoned the Hong Kong film industry after the handover in 1997.
631:. Antong Chen, in his study on the Hong Kong action film, wrote that the influence of China and the amount of Chinese co-productions made with Hong Kong created a shift in these films, particularly following the release of
713:(1974) where the restoration of order is only possible by force and anti-social characters prepared to act when society does not. The vigilantism reappears in other films that were exploitative of southern society such as
697:(1968) where a tough police officer protects society by upholding the law against systematic corruption. This extended into films which O'Brien described as "knee-jerk responses" to perceived threats with rogue cop and
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1329:
At the turn of the millennium, Australian genre films have gained increasing acceptance in the Australian feature film industry, while the action genre represented a small percentage of its output in the 21st century.
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due to the influx of Shanghai film talent in the postwar period. These films were targeted at the more educated and more refined middle-class audiences who saw themselves as above the contemporary martial arts films.
59:
that predominantly features chase sequences, fights, shootouts, explosions, and stunt work. The specifics of what constitutes an action film has been in scholarly debate since the 1980s. While some scholars such as
1624:(2022) was among the highest budgeted films made in India, and became a rare hit film outside of Indian diaspora, where it broke box office records in Japan and performed exceptionally well in American box office.
1179:
While the American styled-films were predominantly made in the United States, productions were also made in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong and South Africa, and were predominantly shot in the English-language.
1545:. Khan reinvented his screen persona with that of his image in the Bollywood press who reported on him in the headlines of Bollywood magazines for his public brawls and affairs with leading actresses. In
798:
and Westerns, and are built around a three-act structure centered on survival, resistance and revenge with narratives where the physical body of the hero is tested, traumatized and ultimately triumphant.
215:
By late 2010s studies of genre analysis, the term "genre" itself is often replaced or supplemented with the words "mode" and "narrative form" with all three terms often being used interchangeably.
1153:. The genre would shift from theatrical releases towards the end of the decade with the rise of home video, the lower box-office of American martial arts productions, and a significant portion of
834:(1998). Action films of mass destruction began requiring more overtly super heroic characters with further comic book adaptations being made with increased non-realistic settings with films like
806:
from the classical era, through the convention of the increasingly computer generated effects. This saw the decline of overt masculinity in the action film which corresponded with the end of the
1333:
Scholars of Australian genre film generally used the term "action-adventure" which allows them to apply it to various forms of narratives such as tongue in cheek heroic posturing stories like
975:
that "the lines that separate on genre from another have continued to disintegrate." Tasker said that most post-classical action films are hybrids, drawing from genres as varied as war films,
104:. These genres were followed by what is referred to as the "classical period" in the 1980s. This was followed by the post-classical era where American action films were influenced by
1679:(2000), said in 2004 that he grew frustrated with the Japanese film industry as producers felt they couldn't make action films in competition with Hong Kong or American productions.
371:. Yip continued that these Hong Kong films were still lagging behind in aesthetic and technical standards that films from the United States, Europe and Japan had during this period.
786:(1987)). O'Brien noted that the formative trends at this point had become "identifiably generic" as film industries began to reproduced these films during the decade producers like
1098:, the kung fu film primarily focuses on fighting on the ground. While heroes in kung fu films often display chivalry, they generally hail from different fighting schools, namely
1031:
that there is no satisfactory English translation of the term, with it often being identified as "the swordplay film" in critical studies. It is derived from the Chinese words
84:
While the term "action film" or "action adventure film" has been used as early as the 1910s, the contemporary definition usually refers to a film that came with the arrival of
1206:, literally meaning "hero films". Academic Laikwan Pang asserts that these gangster films appeared at a time when Hong Kong citizens felt particularly powerless with the
794:
began to formulate production of these films with both high and low budgets. The action films of this era have roots in classical story telling, specifically rooted from
768:(1985)). Following the continuity of the car and man hybrid of the previous decade, the 1980s featured weaponized men with who were either also carrying weapons such as
1450:(2001) stated that "Hollywood ownership of certain elements must be challenged, in order to show that these elements have also long been present in European culture."
1126:(1967) which was predominantly a drama, interspersed with martial arts scenes. American martial arts films predominantly came into production following the release of
4205:
Bould, Mark (2013). "Genre, Hybridity, Heterogeneity or the Noir-SF-Vampire-Zombie-Splatter-Romance-Comedy-Action-Thriller Problem". In Spicer, A.; Hanson, H (eds.).
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1369:(1979) when financial incentives were available for overtly commercial projects. She commented that action films did tell identifiably Australian stories such as the
960:/action" or an "action/crime" or other hybrids was "only a semantic exercise" as both genres are important in the construction phase of the narrative. Mark Bould in
1120:
films with more realism and are often low-budget productions. Martial arts began routinely appearing in fight scenes in American films in the 1960s with films like
4153:
2320:(2006) after the mid-90s as "exaggerated statements of sexuality" in the tradition of "fetishistic figure of fantasy" drawn from comics and softcore pornography.
4829:
Soberson, Lennart (Spring 2021). "The Ultimate Ride: A Comparative Narrative Analysis of Action Sequences in 1980s and Contemporary Hollywood Action Cinema".
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4791:
Shandilya, Krupa (2024). "Bollywood's New Action Cinema: The Woman-led Action Film and the Nation". In Holmlund, Chris; Purse, Lisa; Tasker, Yvonne (eds.).
188:(1988), that while both were mainstream Hollywood blockbusters with hero asserting masculinity and overcoming obstacles to a personal and social solution,
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Van Den Troost, Kristof (Summer 2024). "Registers of the Melodramatic Mode: The 1980s Heroic Bloodshed Cycle in the History of the Hong Kong Crime Film".
4867:
Srinivas, S.V. (2005). "Hong Kong Action Film and the Career of the Telugu Mass Hero". In Morris, Meaghan; Li, Siu Leung; Ching-kiu, Stephen Chan (eds.).
2418:(2006). The fighting styles of women also tend towards more traditionally feminine fluid movements of martial arts, over using guns or directly punching.
816:(1993). O'Brien described this era as being soft where the hard bodies of the classical era were replaced with computer generated imagery such as that of
1793:, such melodramatic male bonding and marginalized women characters, while the Korean films also have greater elements of tragedy and romance emphasized.
1586:
who stated he wanted to become an actor after watching his first Bruce Lee film. Several films in Telugu cinema were remakes of Hong Kong films, such as
1248:(1999). Korean media recognized the more fatalistic and pessimistic tone of these films, leading to Korean journalists to label the style as "Hong Kong
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6263:
4844:
Soyoung, Kim (2005). "Genre as Contact Zone: Hong Kong Action and Korean Hwalkuk". In Morris, Meaghan; Li, Siu Leung; Ching-kiu, Stephen Chan (eds.).
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The third shift in action cinema, the postclassical, was defined by the predominance of Eastern cinema and its aesthetics, primarily the wire-work of
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1170:(2000) had negligible effects in American productions in either the direct-to-video field, or in similarly low-budgeted theatrical releases such as
750:
O'Brien described the classical form of action cinema to be the 1980s. The decade continued the trends of formative period with heroes as avengers (
334:
1228:(1986) make a record-breaking HK$ 34.7 million at the Hong Kong box office. The style of these films would influence American productions, such as
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47:(1988). The film was released in the decade where the term action became its own unique genre routinely in terms of promotion and film reviews.
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The most commercially successful action films and franchise of the 21st century have been comic book adaptations, which commenced with the
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Violent female characters have been part of cinema since its early inception, with characters such as Kate Kelly brandishing a shotgun in
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Martin, Daniel (2009). "Another Week, Another Johnnie To Film: The Marketing and Distribution of Postcolonial Hong Kong Action Cinema".
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Kelso-Marsh, Caleb (2020). "East Asian Noir: Transnational Film Noir in Japan, Korea and Hong Kong". In Feng, Lin; Aston, James (eds.).
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The action cinema of South Korea mostly existed on the margins of the film industry in South Korea. The genre was initially called the
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and kung fu are genre-specific terms, while martial arts is a generic term to refer to several types of films containing martial arts.
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6268:
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Shandilya, Krupa (2014). "Of Enraged Shirts, Gyrating Gangsters and Farting Bullets: Salman Khan and the New Bollywood Action Film".
2294:(1990) who were physically muscular and or enacted more extreme violence that was usually reserve for male action leads. In her book
1136:(1974). Lott noted the two films would lead to the two subsequent styles of martial arts films in the United States, with films like
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1720:, and Hong Kong action cinema. As North Korea borders China, it block access to the continent from a South Korean perspective, the
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appears in cinema, featuring characters who act and transcend the law and social conventions. This appears initially in films like
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who first appeared in film in 1949. These films primarily on circuited within Hong Kong and Cantonese-speaking areas with Chinese
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quickly became one of independent filmmakers to grant creative freedom and pay and attracted new directors and actors, including
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re-actualization of the genre's conventions." The genre went into full circle resurrecting films from the classical period with
374:
Yip described Japanese cinema as the most advanced in Asia at the time. This was showcased by the international breakthrough of
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4972:(2005). "Action Cinema, Labour Power and the Video Market". In Morris, Meaghan; Li, Siu Leung; Ching-kiu, Stephen Chan (eds.).
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Chen, Antong (2022). "Hong Kong Action Films' Aesthetics of Violence: Its Social Environment and Decline in the 21st Century".
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American martial arts films feature what author M. Ray Lott described as a more realistic style of violence over the Hong Kong
822:(1991). This was displayed in corresponding with corresponded with millennial angst and apocalypticism showcased in films like
479:, however his career was cut short following his untimely death in 1973, which lead to a decline in popularity for the artform.
2349:(1995â2001)). These series popularity demonstrated a growing market for female action film heroes, in films of the 2000s like
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in 2001, which suggested an end to fantastical elements that defined the action hero and genre. Following the release of
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to suggest action films being unique and not just a series of action sequences, stating that that the difference between
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Kendrick, James (2019). "A Genre of Its Own: From Westerns, to Vigilantes, to Pure Action". In Kendric, James (ed.).
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calmness and acceptance of Japanese samurai, a consistent criticism of Japanese people today." Kitamura followed up
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895:(2008) finding the characters navigating a contemporary world while also acknowledging their age, culminating into
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expanded on this topic, stating that action films have no clear and constant iconography or settings. In her book
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4486:""Hey 'Brother', You Can Count on Me": Misogynistic Masculinity and Bromance Genre in South Korean Action Cinema"
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Higgins, Scott (Winter 2008). "Suspenseful Situations: Melodramatic Narrative and the Contemporary Action Film".
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narratives involving maternal drive, mental instability or trauma. Purse found that female leads in films like
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and horror films of the 1970s. Violent women were common in action films since the 1960s. These films featured
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and can be separated into four forms: the formative, the classical, the postclassical and neoclassical phases.
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statements of sexuality" and in the tradition of "fetishistic figure of fantasy" derives from comic books and
863:(2004) revisited the tropes of 1970s action films leading a renaissance of vengeance narratives in films like
627:
film series have their violence toned down, especially compared to the earlier work of directors like Woo and
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2300:
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1999:
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The Kung fu film emerged in the 1970s from the swordplay films. Its name is derived from the Cantonese term
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585:
357:
320:
216:
178:
105:
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O'Day, Marc (2004). "Beauty in Motion: Gender, Spectacle and Action Babe Cinema". In Tasker, Yvonne (ed.).
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Purse wrote that the contemporary female action film lead's sexualized brand had her in close proximity of
1700:. Both released in 2003, the former was one of the highest-grossing movies of the year in Japan. Following
196:
repeatedly firing his automatic pistol while swinging from a high rise was not congruent with the image of
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1551:(2010), Khan continued with this public persona, which was repeated in several of his later films such as
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74:
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Harvey O'Brien wrote in 2012 that the contemporary action film emerged through other genres, primarily
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8057:
7998:
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7801:
7700:
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7493:
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6859:
6724:
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5042:
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2326:
1696:
1078:
976:
844:
764:
611:
443:
113:
3876:
1831:
Tasker wrote that when action and adventure films secured awards, it is often in categories such as
1145:
American martial arts films reflected the national move towards conservatism, reflected in films of
404:
in the United States. The most internationally known films of this era were the films Kurosawa with
7973:
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3881:
2434:
2428:
2081:
2054:
2026:
1844:
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1632:
Japan was a difficult market for Hong Kong action cinema to break into. Prompted by the success of
1600:
1513:
906:
859:
853:
412:
400:
with an emphasis on sword fighting and action. It had a similar level of popularity to that of the
7706:
4332:; Soltysik Monnet, Agnieszka (December 2018). "Revisiting Adventure: Special Issue Introduction".
4291:""Hot, Black Leather, Whip": The (De)evolution of Female Protagonists in Action Cinema, 1960â2014"
4086:
2204:
youthful energy and defiance and by a propensity for violent action, identified with the films of
8144:
7607:
7527:
7451:
7337:
7327:
7121:
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7001:
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6677:
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6568:
6499:
6204:
5998:
5978:
5869:
5519:
5440:
5374:
5364:
5327:
5051:
5023:
4779:
4580:
4091:
2363:
2316:
2191:
1717:
1675:
1644:
1537:
1424:
1391:
1302:
984:
912:
795:
460:
34:
7229:
6140:
4359:(2024). "Introduction: Action as Mode". In Holmlund, Chris; Purse, Lisa; Tasker, Yvonne (eds.).
2454:
204:
swinging his whip to fend off villains in the backstreets of Cairo. British author and academic
1828:, writing that the reception to the genre as being "the emblem of what Hollywood does worst."
1058:, the emphasis is on chivalry and righteousness and allows for phantasmagoric actions over the
609:(2005). Most Hong Kong action films in the first quarter of the 21st century, such as those in
142:, writing that the reception to the genre as being "the emblem of what Hollywood does worst."
7806:
7657:
7446:
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5223:
5122:
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5027:
4996:
4977:
4957:
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4913:
4910:
4891:
4872:
4853:
4815:
4796:
4748:
4725:
4706:
4683:
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4641:
4605:
4585:
4542:
4523:
4470:
4447:
4425:
4406:
4387:
4368:
4343:
4275:
4249:
4213:
4191:
4116:
4071:
2263:
1553:
1375:
1224:
1000:
891:
848:
617:
530:
4674:
Pang, Laikwan (2005). "Post-1997 Hong Kong Masculinity". In Pang, Laikwan; Wong, Day (eds.).
4382:
Howell, Amanda (2021). "The Action Genre and the 'International Turn' in Australian Cinema".
7677:
7667:
7577:
7505:
7488:
7483:
7404:
7332:
7198:
7193:
7183:
7178:
7126:
7066:
7036:
6991:
6854:
6754:
6667:
6630:
6335:
6283:
6209:
6150:
6063:
5859:
5852:
5742:
5615:
5467:
5452:
5416:
5401:
5334:
5305:
5285:
5194:
4948:
4771:
4499:
4300:
2369:
2290:
2124:
2010:
1810:
1806:
1767:
1755:
1634:
1504:
1463:
1335:
1306:
1298:
1258:
1189:
1172:
1159:
812:
731:(1977). This era also emphasizes the car chase scenes as moments of spectacle in films like
633:
579:
520:
as martial arts films flourished into the 1980s. Other films again modernized the form with
397:
573:(2000) led to a Global release status of Chinese-language martial arts films, most notably
164:
wrote that audiences are "told that spectacle over rides narrative" in action cinema while
8176:
7627:
7552:
7542:
7537:
7522:
7431:
7374:
7168:
7086:
7081:
7011:
6946:
6866:
6739:
6734:
6707:
6603:
6401:
6364:
6310:
6303:
6256:
6130:
6100:
6013:
5973:
5968:
5901:
5847:
5832:
5752:
5727:
5722:
5660:
5578:
5568:
5529:
5445:
5369:
5295:
4444:
4210:
1947:
1725:
one-legged or otherwise handicapped action characters similar to those of Japanese films (
1670:
1441:
1318:
1310:
1154:
1122:
1105:
662:
467:
259:
7273:
7261:
4620:
810:
in 1991, while the rise of self-referential and parodies of this era grew in films like
8159:
7968:
7860:
7789:
7612:
7582:
7562:
7468:
7424:
7409:
7354:
7312:
7266:
7151:
7106:
7096:
7071:
7026:
7016:
6794:
6774:
6744:
6729:
6687:
6652:
6610:
6598:
6593:
6558:
6386:
6357:
6246:
6231:
6175:
6030:
5988:
5499:
5315:
5206:
4179:
3886:
1958:
1942:
1887:
1832:
1819:
1403:
1381:
776:
698:
646:
595:
386:
375:
157:
133:
101:
66:
61:
2458:(2005) where Sithandra dies protecting Aeon and Rain's death to make way for Alice in
2144:
1453:
The most significant producers of French action films with international ambitions is
8210:
7938:
7721:
7587:
7567:
7116:
7056:
7041:
6931:
6896:
6876:
6871:
6844:
6814:
6779:
6620:
6573:
6563:
6526:
6494:
6484:
6475:
6445:
6315:
6251:
6192:
6187:
6125:
6090:
6035:
5993:
5963:
5953:
5946:
5762:
5710:
5680:
5665:
5620:
5605:
5524:
5391:
5344:
5310:
5270:
5238:
5211:
5087:
4969:
4783:
4356:
4130:
2422:
2330:
2311:
2250:
2021:
1969:
1931:
1914:
1902:
1579:
1508:
1480:
1370:
1359:
1263:
1163:
943:
770:
752:
676:
666:
658:
560:
556:
521:
505:
476:
427:
406:
364:
205:
85:
7983:
7867:
7458:
7441:
7394:
7244:
7188:
6719:
6714:
6645:
6521:
6465:
6416:
6391:
6379:
6110:
5842:
5837:
5774:
5737:
5715:
5705:
5583:
5514:
5494:
5396:
5354:
5260:
5243:
4597:
2393:
2271:
2254:
2239:
2234:
2098:
2071:
2044:
2016:
1989:
1964:
1937:
1909:
1882:
1779:
1690:
1639:
1615:
1594:
1565:
1528:
1500:
1496:
1253:
1210:
from the United Kingdom to China set for 1997. The key directors of the genre were
1166:
started showing up in less and less films. Even internationally popular films like
1146:
1071:
1059:
988:
968:
937:
871:
590:
492:
401:
233:
189:
78:
2307:
672:
426:(or "new school martial arts fiction") coming into prominence with the success of
229:
17:
4775:
483:
In the 1970s, the Hong Kong martial arts films began to grow under the format of
7710:
7672:
7652:
7647:
7632:
7622:
7602:
7532:
7510:
7436:
7342:
7283:
7278:
7136:
6941:
6921:
6886:
6635:
6531:
6288:
6273:
6214:
6180:
5958:
5931:
5896:
5767:
5757:
5630:
5590:
5558:
5509:
5425:
5406:
5379:
5275:
5233:
5047:: making women warriors â a transnational reading of Asian female action heroes"
2504:
2481:
2270:
In the 1980s, a new symbolically transgressive character emerged in the form of
2065:
1994:
1649:
1542:
1518:
1430:
1340:
1234:
1229:
1130:(1973), with the only higher-budgeted American film to follow in its wake being
980:
876:
787:
703:
650:
574:
517:
97:
70:
7988:
7943:
7877:
7757:
7662:
7642:
7592:
7572:
7557:
7547:
7463:
7414:
7224:
7031:
6971:
6789:
6682:
6625:
6553:
6511:
6342:
6160:
6145:
6115:
6073:
6042:
5732:
5595:
5359:
5300:
5280:
5170:
2509:
2471:
2387:
2205:
1761:
1653:
1458:
1454:
1408:
1385:(1979) derived from Australia's social and cultural realities, as well as how
1365:
1244:
1239:
1150:
1132:
1100:
957:
953:
836:
715:
628:
600:
488:
56:
38:
4961:
4589:
4347:
4305:
4290:
1027:
film is the oldest genre in Chinese cinema. Stephen Teo wrote in his book on
7473:
7419:
7317:
7256:
7249:
7091:
6986:
6936:
6657:
6543:
6406:
6352:
6155:
6078:
6068:
5941:
5936:
5551:
5546:
5536:
5462:
5435:
5411:
5349:
5322:
5265:
5069:
4562:
4466:
2258:
2245:
2038:
1802:
1571:
1535:
In 2009, the action genre was re-popularized with the box office success of
1274:
1219:
1215:
880:
743:
654:
541:
509:
501:
472:
392:
118:
93:
43:
6135:
2222:(1906). Women traditionally appear in action films as romantic interests,
1357:(1982) being the most notorious. Smith had previously released films like
1252:". The influence of these films was evident in early Korean films such as
8134:
7359:
7021:
6916:
6702:
6692:
6640:
6330:
5789:
5541:
5218:
4131:"Oscar Nominee RRR: Why the Indian Action Spectacle is Charming the West"
2227:
2076:
1876:
1721:
1211:
807:
758:
688:
687:
The formative films would be from the 1960s to the early 1980s where the
525:
435:
380:
368:
232:
rarely label films by a single genre and that streaming services such as
184:
89:
2656:
2654:
7682:
7364:
7307:
6325:
4503:
1583:
1547:
1523:
1140:
about people who reveled in combat, often in a tournament setting, and
782:
693:
564:
513:
455:
418:
237:
30:
7637:
6834:
6759:
6411:
6347:
6320:
5983:
5796:
5650:
4485:
2223:
1418:
551:
92:
appearing in American films of the late 1960s and 1970s drawing from
4289:
Heldman, Caroline; Frankel, Laura Lazarus; Holmes, Jennifer (2016).
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
1440:(2005). Whan asked about the Americanization of these French films,
1039:
denoting chivalry, gallantry, and qualities of knighthood. The term
4087:"How the Indian Action Spectacular 'RRR' Became a Smash in America"
2671:
2669:
116:, a return to the early forms of the genre appeared in the wake of
8025:
7322:
6455:
6433:
6426:
6226:
2306:
2174:
1402:
1018:
671:
466:
29:
4974:
Hong Kong Connections: Transnational Imagination in Action Cinema
4869:
Hong Kong Connections: Transnational Imagination in Action Cinema
4846:
Hong Kong Connections: Transnational Imagination in Action Cinema
4154:"Heroic Bloodshed: How Hong Kong's Style Was Swiped By Hollywood"
2190:
Are female action heroes truly empowering? - Dan Hassler-Forest (
7753:
6374:
5167:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
2340:
1652:
as well as a spin-off with a female lead similar to Hong Kong's
225:
7725:
5140:
4602:
American Film Now: The People, The Power, The Money, the Movies
4463:
Spectacular Narratives: Hollywood in the Age of the Blockbuster
1407:
Luc Besson in 2014. Lisa Purse described Besson's France-based
973:
American Film Now: The People, The Power, The Money, the Movies
5136:
4135:
2139:
1620:
1483:
and made him an action film star, which led him to feature in
665:, saying that action films became a distinct genre during the
4229:
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research
1222:, with the starting point of the genre being traced to Woo's
967:
Film Studies began to engage generic hybridity in the 1970s.
390:
was at its height in Japan. The style was a sub-genre to the
4184:
The Way Hollywood Tells It: Story and Style in Modern Movies
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2916:
2914:
2901:
2899:
5020:
Action chicks: new images of tough women in popular culture
3606:
3604:
3602:
3538:
3536:
1704:, Kitamura's next directing work was in the United States.
512:'s series of darker swordplay films based on the novels of
240:
similarly dilutes what is marketed and received as action.
5064:
Osgerby, Bill; Gough-Yates, Anna; Wells, Marianne (2001).
4422:
Renegotiating Film Genres in East Asian Cinemas and Beyond
4045:
4043:
3967:
3965:
1297:
include international films such as Hindi, Tamil, Telugu,
1202:
In the Chinese language, the term used for these films is
3807:
3805:
2571:
2569:
2567:
1642:
made their own Bruce Lee-styled martial arts films, with
5092:
Spectacular bodies: gender, genre, and the action cinema
3792:
3790:
3753:
3751:
3034:
3032:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2539:
2537:
2535:
5066:
Action TV: tough guys, smooth operators and foxy chicks
4018:
4016:
3928:
3926:
3577:
3575:
3415:
3413:
2554:
2552:
2156:
1801:
Most martial arts films made before the mid-1960s were
2660:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3319:
3317:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2641:
2639:
2329:. This originated in television with characters like
2314:
identified action film heroines, such as the lead in
1411:
the most significant producer of French action films.
1043:
entered into popular culture in the serialization of
879:
takes on the themes that rescinded irony to restore "
508:
revitalized the genre with shaolin kung fu films and
450:) martial arts swordplay films such as Xu Zenghong's
3917:
3442:
3440:
3268:
3266:
3181:
3179:
2253:
women exacting revenge. Films of the 1970s featured
487:("staunch masculinity") mostly through the films of
7294:
7212:
6805:
6051:
5177:
3846:
3844:
3494:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3062:
2826:
2824:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2725:
2723:
2710:
2708:
2675:
4558:"Ryuhei Kitamura Interview: Directing with Napalm"
1598:(1992). Other films such as the martial arts film
875:(2008). O'Brien found that Tarantino's films were
4109:Action/Spectacle Cinema: A Sight and Sound Reader
3875:Rothkopf, Joshua; Semlyen, Phil (21 March 2022).
2237:would appear in other genres as well such as the
1688:with two manga-inspired big-budget action films,
1503:action film consolidated with two films starring
4929:Chinese Martial Arts Cinema: The Wuxia Tradition
540:(1989)) and the Wong Fei Hung saga returning in
491:which were popular. This transition led to the
3404:
1604:(2001), borrows from American cinema with the
7737:
5152:
3506:
1582:have invoked Hong Kong action films, such as
1035:denoting militarist or martial qualities and
328:
8:
1532:protagonist seeks revenge through violence.
4993:Martial Arts Cinema and Hong Kong Modernity
4720:Ryan, Mark David; McWilliam, Kelly (2021).
3470:
3458:
2987:
2968:
2956:
2944:
2932:
2920:
2905:
2630:
1495:The action film genre has been a staple of
475:(pictured) attracted a global audience for
7744:
7730:
7722:
5159:
5145:
5137:
4931:(2 ed.). Edinburgh University Press.
4638:Action Movies: The Cinema of Striking Back
1851:
1379:(1974) and Miller's post-apocalyptic film
661:reiterated this in her book on action and
335:
321:
247:
174:Action Movies: The Cinema of Striking Back
4403:Hollywood Action Films and Spatial Theory
4304:
4034:
3634:
3622:
3610:
3593:
2500:List of female action heroes and villains
1578:From the 1980s, generations of actors in
4812:Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema
3877:"The 101 Best Action Movies of All Time"
3658:
3646:
2699:
2594:
2575:
2543:
956:expanded on this, describing a film as "
725:(1973) and "good ol' boy" comedies like
5052:Jump Cut:A Review of Contemporary Media
4907:The Hollywood Action and Adventure Film
3811:
3796:
3781:
3769:
3757:
3731:Directory of World Cinema: Japan 3 2015
3707:Directory of World Cinema: Japan 3 2015
2558:
2531:
2397:(1974). While characters like Frank in
843:The fourth phase arrived following the
266:
250:
210:The Hollywood Action and Adventure Film
3862:
3742:
3682:
3527:
3482:
3110:
3050:
3038:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2772:
2760:
2645:
1052: Legend of the Strange Swordsmen
516:. Kung Fu comedies appeared featuring
4049:
4022:
4007:
3995:
3983:
3971:
3956:
3944:
3932:
3581:
3566:
3554:
3542:
3446:
3419:
3098:
3086:
3074:
2606:
7:
4556:Macias, Patrick (January 30, 2008).
3850:
3835:
3431:
3383:
3371:
3359:
3347:
3335:
3323:
3308:
3296:
3284:
3272:
3257:
3245:
3233:
2890:
2878:
2618:
910:and is seen in other series such as
384:(1950). The film genre known as the
4296:Sexualization, Media, & Society
4268:Film Genre 2000:New Critical Essays
3823:
3718:
3694:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3170:
3153:
3141:
3129:
2866:
2854:
2842:
2830:
2815:
2796:
2784:
2748:
2729:
2714:
2687:
1343:or bush/outback films. In the book
1048:
780:(1985)) or imbued with technology (
7499:List of American independent films
4676:Masculinities and Hong Kong Cinema
4272:State University of New York Press
4068:Directory of World Cinema: Japan 3
3918:Heldman, Frankel & Holmes 2016
2661:Höglund & Soltysik Monnet 2018
2288:(1991) and the title character in
172:O'Brien wrote further in his book
25:
4242:The South Korean Film Renaissance
3495:Holmlund, Purse & Tasker 2024
3063:Holmlund, Purse & Tasker 2024
2676:Holmlund, Purse & Tasker 2024
1733:). These included Im Kwon-taek's
1638:and the popularity of Bruce Lee,
1086:The kung fu film came out of the
7705:
7696:
7695:
4541:. McFarland & Company, Inc.
4085:Abrams, Simon (August 3, 2022).
2474:
2143:
1487:series by the end of the 2010s.
1479:franchise starred British actor
1005:In Chinese-language films, both
762:(1988)) and mercenary warriors (
756:(1987)), rogue police officers (
258:
4741:Film Genre for the Screenwriter
4657:The Action and Adventure Cinema
3893:from the original on 2020-08-28
1817:Scott Higgins wrote in 2008 in
1809:films were an integral part of
774:(1983), trained to be weapons (
131:Scott Higgins wrote in 2008 in
5116:Taylor, John (April 1, 1991).
5094:. London New York: Routledge.
5045:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
4995:. Hong Kong University Press.
4976:. Hong Kong University Press.
4871:. Hong Kong University Press.
4539:The American Martial Arts Film
4491:The Journal of Popular Culture
4441:A Companion to the Action Film
4355:Holmlund, Chris; Purse, Lisa;
4188:University of California Press
4152:Bitel, Anton (July 10, 2019).
1168:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
790:and production companies like
570:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
1:
5118:"Hollywood's New Action Toys"
5018:Inness, Sherrie, ed. (2004).
2495:List of action film directors
1648:and its two sequels starring
1416:portion. These films include
1090:films. In comparison to the
1062:'s more ground-based combat.
4886:Tasker, Yvonne, ed. (2004).
4776:10.1080/14746689.2014.937579
4484:Kwon, Jungmin (April 2023).
2520:List of female action heroes
1805:productions. In comparison,
1473:(2010). EuropaCorp produced
1262:(1990) and later films such
446:a campaign of "new school" (
4911:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
4888:Action and Adventure Cinema
4764:South Asian Popular Culture
4604:. Oxford University Press.
4584:. Vol. 7, no. 4.
2219:The Story of the Kelly Gang
1112:American-styled productions
8268:
7390:Classical Hollywood cinema
6579:Commedia sexy all'italiana
5487:Exploitation film template
5431:Commedia sexy all'italiana
4850:Hong Kong University Press
4703:Edinburgh University Press
4699:Contemporary Action Cinema
4680:Hong Kong University Press
4335:Journal of Popular Culture
2490:List of action film actors
2296:Contemporary Action Cinema
2285:Terminator 2: Judgment Day
2093:Terminator 2: Judgment Day
1826:The Way Hollywood Tells It
1741:(1970) and Lee Doo-yong's
1461:, who released films like
1301:, South Korean, Japanese,
1187:
1069:
1016:
998:
952:Screenwriter and academic
941:
935:
819:Terminator 2: Judgment Day
355:
162:The Way Hollywood Tells It
140:The Way Hollywood Tells It
110:computer generated imagery
7765:
7691:
6957:German underground horror
6912:Documentary Film Movement
6820:American eccentric cinema
5041:Kim, L.S. (Winter 2006).
4832:Journal of Film and Video
4795:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
4619:Mes, Tom (May 17, 2004).
4445:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
4246:Wesleyan University Press
4211:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
4070:. Intellect Books. 2015.
3730:
3706:
3507:Ryan & McWilliam 2021
1592:(1994) which is based on
1149:and other actors such as
547:Once Upon a Time in China
153:Journal of Film and Video
108:and the growing using of
4793:Action Cinema Since 2000
4636:O'Brien, Harvey (2012).
4361:Action Cinema Since 2000
4306:10.1177/2374623815627789
4207:A Companion to Film Noir
3670:
2336:Buffy the Vampire Slayer
1777:(2000) and action films
1735:Returned Left-Handed Man
962:A Companion to Film Noir
222:Action Cinema Since 2000
6892:Cinema of Transgression
6026:Cinema of Transgression
4905:Tasker, Yvonne (2015).
4810:Sharpe, Jasper (2011).
4520:Hong Kong Action Cinema
2373:(2010) and series like
2352:Lara Croft: Tomb Raider
2301:The Long Kiss Goodnight
2136:Gender in action cinema
2116:Raiders of the Lost Ark
1791:Hong Kong action cinema
1743:Returned One-Legged Man
1737:(1968), Aekkunun Bak's
1731:The One-Armed Swordsmen
1729:) and Hong Kong films (
1447:Brotherhood of the Wolf
804:Hong Kong action cinema
586:House of Flying Daggers
452:Temple of the Red Lotus
358:Hong Kong action cinema
179:Raiders of the Lost Ark
112:in film. Following the
106:Hong Kong action cinema
6977:Hollywood on the Tiber
4991:Yip, Man-Fung (2017).
4522:. The Overlook Press.
4424:. Palgrave MacMillan.
4159:British Film Institute
4113:British Film Institute
2415:My Super Ex-Girlfriend
2346:Xena: Warrior Princess
2321:
2230:to male protagonists.
2195:
1839:Acclaimed action films
1412:
1292:Regional action cinema
792:The Cannon Group, Inc.
684:
641:Hollywood action films
480:
352:Hong Kong action films
48:
6967:Grupo Cine Liberación
6907:Czechoslovak New Wave
6902:Commedia all'italiana
5249:Commedia all'italiana
4927:Teo, Stephen (2016).
4722:Australian Genre Film
4537:Lott, M. Ray (2004).
4384:Australian Genre Film
4365:Bloomsbury Publishing
4240:Choi, Jinhee (2011).
4107:Arroyo, Jose (2000).
2515:Lists of action films
2310:
2189:
1811:Hong Kong cinema
1659:Sister Street Fighter
1606:Jean-Claude Van Damme
1406:
1349:Brian Trenchard-Smith
1345:Australian Genre Film
1208:handover of Hong Kong
886:Live Free or Die Hard
738:The French Connection
728:Smokey and the Bandit
675:
669:period of the 1970s.
470:
424:xinpai wuxia xiaoshuo
166:Wheeler Winston Dixon
75:science fiction films
33:
7494:Guerrilla filmmaking
7157:Kitchen sink realism
7112:Praška filmska škola
7042:New French Extremity
6952:German Expressionist
6860:Kitchen sink realism
6725:Contemporary Western
6505:Environmental issues
6036:New French Extremity
5994:New French Extremity
5819:Softcore pornography
5814:Hardcore pornography
5681:New French Extremity
4745:Taylor & Francis
4739:Selbo, Jule (2014).
4697:Purse, Lisa (2011).
4640:. Wallflower Press.
4461:King, Geoff (2000).
4401:Jones, Nick (2015).
2449:Mr. & Mrs. Smith
1499:. In the 1970s, the
1470:From Paris with Love
845:September 11 attacks
114:September 11 attacks
7230:Children and family
7204:Yugoslav Black Wave
7077:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
6962:Nigerian Golden Age
6927:European art cinema
6830:Australian New Wave
5068:. London New York:
4814:. Scarecrow Press.
4518:Logan, Bey (1995).
3625:, pp. 163â164.
3557:, pp. 172â173.
3545:, pp. 173â174.
3405:Van Den Troost 2024
3077:, pp. 229â232.
1835:and sound editing.
1045:Jinaghu qixia zhuan
860:Kill Bill: Volume 2
854:Kill Bill: Volume 1
413:The Hidden Fortress
7780:Mixed martial arts
7528:Major film studios
7122:Pure Film Movement
7102:Polish Film School
7002:Italian neorealist
6982:Hong Kong New Wave
6584:Mexican sex comedy
5641:German underground
5024:Palgrave Macmillan
4581:Film International
4504:10.1111/jpcu.13188
4166:on August 31, 2021
4139:. January 24, 2023
4092:The New York Times
3661:, p. 112-113.
2322:
2196:
2192:Utrecht University
2155:. You can help by
1803:Cantonese-language
1645:The Street Fighter
1425:Kiss of the Dragon
1413:
1392:Mad Max: Fury Road
796:martial arts films
685:
679:in 1968, the year
481:
471:The popularity of
461:Come Drink with Me
432:Longhu Dou Jinghua
49:
35:Sylvester Stallone
18:Action-horror film
8204:
8203:
8103:Extraterrestrials
7927:Sword and sorcery
7719:
7718:
7658:Socialist realist
7370:Behind-the-scenes
7147:Socialist realist
7142:Spaghetti Western
7132:Romanian New Wave
7007:Japanese New Wave
6673:Sword and sorcery
6589:Nazi exploitation
6171:Mumbai underworld
5927:Planetary romance
5123:New York Magazine
5101:978-0-203-22184-6
5079:978-0-415-22621-9
5033:978-1-4039-6396-3
5002:978-988-8390-71-7
4938:978-1-4744-0386-3
4919:978-0-470-65924-3
4821:978-0-8108-7541-8
4754:978-1-317-69568-4
4712:978-0-7486-3817-8
4647:978-0-231-16331-6
4621:"Ryuhei Kitamura"
4431:978-3-030-55076-9
4264:Dixon, Wheeler W.
4077:978-1-78320-403-8
4052:, pp. 82â83.
3974:, pp. 78â79.
3434:, pp. 35â37.
2935:, pp. 13â14.
2339:(1997â2003)) and
2187:
2173:
2172:
2133:
2132:
1807:Mandarin-language
1751:Rules of The Game
1718:James Bond series
1662:. The success of
1269:A Better Tomorrow
1225:A Better Tomorrow
1001:Martial arts film
995:Martial arts film
971:wrote in 1979 in
849:Quentin Tarantino
563:. The release of
531:A Better Tomorrow
440:Shujian enchou lu
345:
344:
16:(Redirected from
8259:
7746:
7739:
7732:
7723:
7709:
7699:
7698:
7678:Vulgar auteurism
7506:Interstitial art
7484:Hyperlink cinema
7199:Vulgar auteurism
7194:Toronto New Wave
7184:Telefoni Bianchi
7179:Sword-and-sandal
6997:Italian futurist
6992:Iranian New Wave
6855:British New Wave
6668:Sword-and-sandal
6549:Rape and revenge
6490:Mouth of Garbage
6336:Tentacle erotica
6284:Goona-goona epic
6264:Extraterrestrial
6151:Heroic bloodshed
5785:Occult detective
5616:Christmas horror
5468:Sword-and-sandal
5200:Hong Kong action
5195:Heroic bloodshed
5161:
5154:
5147:
5138:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5105:
5083:
5060:
5037:
5006:
4987:
4965:
4942:
4923:
4901:
4882:
4863:
4840:
4825:
4806:
4787:
4758:
4735:
4716:
4693:
4670:
4651:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4615:
4593:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4552:
4533:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4480:
4457:
4435:
4416:
4397:
4378:
4351:
4325:
4310:
4308:
4285:
4259:
4236:
4223:
4201:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4162:. Archived from
4148:
4146:
4144:
4126:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4081:
4053:
4047:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3921:
3915:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3800:
3794:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3531:
3525:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3471:Kelso-Marsh 2020
3468:
3462:
3459:Kelso-Marsh 2020
3456:
3450:
3444:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3408:
3402:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3174:
3168:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2972:
2971:, p. 15-16.
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2909:
2903:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2819:
2813:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2733:
2727:
2718:
2712:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2664:
2658:
2649:
2643:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2579:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2547:
2541:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2444:Charlie's Angels
2404:Charlie's Angels
2358:Charlie's Angels
2327:soft pornography
2188:
2168:
2165:
2147:
2140:
2125:Steven Spielberg
2029:/ United States
2011:Enter the Dragon
1919:United States /
1852:
1664:Enter the Dragon
1635:Enter the Dragon
1541:(2009) starring
1505:Amitabh Bachchan
1497:Bollywood cinema
1457:'s France-based
1336:Crocodile Dundee
1190:Heroic bloodshed
1184:Heroic bloodshed
1173:Bulletproof Monk
1160:Cynthia Rothrock
1138:Enter the Dragon
1128:Enter the Dragon
1053:
1050:
825:Independence Day
813:Last Action Hero
634:Infernal Affairs
337:
330:
323:
262:
248:
88:and the rise of
21:
8267:
8266:
8262:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8200:
8083:Science fiction
8073:Romantic comedy
7761:
7750:
7720:
7715:
7687:
7628:Semidocumentary
7553:Minimalist film
7543:Message picture
7538:Maximalist film
7432:Database cinema
7415:Computer screen
7375:Black-and-white
7300:
7298:
7296:
7290:
7208:
7164:Soviet parallel
7087:Parallel cinema
7082:Pan-Indian film
7012:Kammerspielfilm
6947:French New Wave
6867:Budapest school
6850:Brighton School
6825:New Objectivity
6807:
6801:
6770:Science fiction
6402:Bruceploitation
6311:Girls with guns
6257:Turksploitation
6131:Gentleman thief
6047:
5882:Science fiction
5728:Minimalist film
5723:Maximalist film
5701:Science fiction
5661:Japanese horror
5458:Social guidance
5173:
5165:
5128:
5126:
5115:
5112:
5102:
5086:
5080:
5063:
5040:
5034:
5017:
5014:
5012:Further reading
5009:
5003:
4990:
4984:
4968:
4945:
4939:
4926:
4920:
4904:
4898:
4885:
4879:
4866:
4860:
4843:
4828:
4822:
4809:
4803:
4790:
4761:
4755:
4738:
4732:
4719:
4713:
4696:
4690:
4673:
4667:
4654:
4648:
4635:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4596:
4577:
4568:
4566:
4555:
4549:
4536:
4530:
4517:
4508:
4506:
4483:
4477:
4460:
4454:
4438:
4432:
4419:
4413:
4400:
4394:
4381:
4375:
4354:
4328:
4313:
4288:
4282:
4262:
4256:
4239:
4226:
4220:
4204:
4198:
4180:Bordwell, David
4178:
4169:
4167:
4151:
4142:
4140:
4129:
4123:
4106:
4097:
4095:
4084:
4078:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4048:
4041:
4033:
4029:
4021:
4014:
4006:
4002:
3994:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3970:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3943:
3939:
3931:
3924:
3916:
3905:
3896:
3894:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3861:
3857:
3849:
3842:
3834:
3830:
3822:
3818:
3810:
3803:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3776:
3768:
3764:
3756:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3609:
3600:
3592:
3588:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3541:
3534:
3526:
3513:
3505:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3481:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3411:
3403:
3390:
3382:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3322:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3295:
3291:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3236:, pp. 7â8.
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3212:, pp. 4â5.
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3177:
3169:
3160:
3152:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3073:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3041:, pp. 3â4.
3037:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2986:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2919:
2912:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2857:, pp. 8â9.
2853:
2849:
2845:, pp. 7â8.
2841:
2837:
2829:
2822:
2814:
2803:
2799:, pp. 6â7.
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2736:
2728:
2721:
2713:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2674:
2667:
2663:, p. 1302.
2659:
2652:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2582:
2574:
2565:
2557:
2550:
2542:
2533:
2528:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2399:The Transporter
2214:
2201:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2153:needs expansion
2138:
1841:
1799:
1786:Nowhere to Hide
1710:
1671:Ryuhei Kitamura
1630:
1493:
1485:The Expendables
1442:Christophe Gans
1401:
1327:
1321:action titles.
1294:
1238:(2003) and the
1218:, and producer
1192:
1186:
1155:direct-to-video
1123:The Born Losers
1114:
1074:
1068:
1051:
1021:
1015:
1003:
997:
977:science fiction
946:
940:
934:
929:
898:The Expendables
722:White Lightning
699:vigilante films
663:adventure films
643:
624:The White Storm
360:
354:
341:
312:
246:
230:Knowledge (XXG)
148:
146:Characteristics
125:The Expendables
67:adventure films
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8265:
8263:
8255:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8209:
8208:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8191:
8181:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8157:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8131:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8034:
8033:
8028:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7931:
7930:
7929:
7919:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7870:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7848:
7843:
7842:
7841:
7831:
7829:Blaxploitation
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7810:
7809:
7804:
7794:
7793:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7751:
7749:
7748:
7741:
7734:
7726:
7717:
7716:
7714:
7713:
7703:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7613:Reverse motion
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7563:Modernist film
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7508:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7455:
7454:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7425:midnight movie
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7315:
7310:
7304:
7302:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7287:
7286:
7281:
7271:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7239:
7238:
7237:
7227:
7222:
7216:
7214:
7213:By demographic
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7160:
7159:
7152:Social realist
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7107:Poliziotteschi
7104:
7099:
7097:Poetic realist
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7052:New generation
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7027:Modernist film
7024:
7019:
7017:L.A. Rebellion
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6882:Cinéma du look
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6811:
6809:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6795:Zapata Western
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6775:Singing cowboy
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6730:Dacoit Western
6727:
6722:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6649:
6648:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6611:Shoshimin-eiga
6608:
6607:
6606:
6601:
6599:Nunsploitation
6596:
6594:Pornochanchada
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6367:
6362:
6361:
6360:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6269:Food and drink
6266:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6247:Blaxploitation
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6212:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6190:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6176:Poliziotteschi
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6033:
6031:Extreme cinema
6028:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5821:
5816:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5611:Chinese horror
5608:
5603:
5598:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5477:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5246:
5241:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5111:
5110:External links
5108:
5107:
5106:
5100:
5088:Tasker, Yvonne
5084:
5078:
5061:
5038:
5032:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5001:
4988:
4982:
4970:Willemen, Paul
4966:
4943:
4937:
4924:
4918:
4902:
4896:
4883:
4877:
4864:
4858:
4841:
4826:
4820:
4807:
4801:
4788:
4770:(2): 111â121.
4759:
4753:
4736:
4730:
4717:
4711:
4694:
4688:
4671:
4666:978-0415235075
4665:
4652:
4646:
4633:
4623:. Midnight Eye
4616:
4610:
4594:
4575:
4553:
4547:
4534:
4528:
4515:
4498:(2): 302â323.
4481:
4475:
4458:
4453:978-1119100492
4452:
4436:
4430:
4417:
4411:
4398:
4392:
4379:
4373:
4357:Tasker, Yvonne
4352:
4330:Höglund, Johan
4326:
4317:Cinema Journal
4311:
4286:
4280:
4260:
4255:978-0819569868
4254:
4237:
4224:
4218:
4202:
4196:
4176:
4149:
4127:
4121:
4104:
4082:
4076:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4039:
4037:, p. 215.
4027:
4012:
4000:
3988:
3976:
3961:
3949:
3937:
3922:
3903:
3887:Time Out Group
3867:
3855:
3840:
3828:
3826:, p. 170.
3816:
3814:, p. 103.
3801:
3786:
3784:, p. 101.
3774:
3772:, p. 100.
3762:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3699:
3697:, p. 166.
3687:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3649:, p. 112.
3639:
3637:, p. 113.
3635:Shandilya 2014
3627:
3623:Shandilya 2024
3615:
3613:, p. 112.
3611:Shandilya 2014
3598:
3596:, p. 163.
3594:Shandilya 2024
3586:
3584:, p. 174.
3571:
3569:, p. 173.
3559:
3547:
3532:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3463:
3451:
3436:
3424:
3422:, p. 126.
3409:
3407:, p. 234.
3388:
3376:
3374:, p. 206.
3364:
3362:, p. 200.
3352:
3350:, p. 199.
3340:
3338:, p. 101.
3328:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3262:
3250:
3238:
3226:
3214:
3202:
3190:
3175:
3158:
3146:
3134:
3115:
3103:
3091:
3079:
3067:
3055:
3043:
3028:
3026:, p. 180.
3016:
3014:, p. 182.
3004:
3002:, p. 179.
2992:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2910:
2895:
2893:, p. 120.
2883:
2881:, p. 118.
2871:
2859:
2847:
2835:
2820:
2801:
2789:
2777:
2765:
2753:
2751:, p. 157.
2734:
2719:
2704:
2702:, p. 226.
2692:
2690:, p. 147.
2680:
2665:
2650:
2635:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2580:
2578:, p. 104.
2563:
2548:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2469:
2466:
2409:Fantastic Four
2261:in films like
2257:women such as
2213:
2210:
2200:
2197:
2171:
2170:
2150:
2148:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:United States
2127:
2122:
2119:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2106:United States
2104:
2103:James Cameron
2101:
2096:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1974:United States
1972:
1967:
1962:
1959:The Wild Bunch
1955:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1943:Akira Kurosawa
1940:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1921:United Kingdom
1917:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1888:John McTiernan
1885:
1880:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1840:
1837:
1833:visual effects
1820:Cinema Journal
1798:
1795:
1709:
1706:
1673:, director of
1629:
1626:
1492:
1489:
1444:, director of
1400:
1397:
1373:'s biker film
1326:
1323:
1293:
1290:
1197:Eastern Heroes
1188:Main article:
1185:
1182:
1113:
1110:
1070:Main article:
1067:
1064:
1017:Main article:
1014:
1011:
999:Main article:
996:
993:
936:Main article:
933:
930:
928:
925:
777:American Ninja
642:
639:
596:Kung Fu Hustle
522:gangster films
498:Golden Harvest
378:'s films like
376:Akira Kurosawa
356:Main article:
353:
350:
343:
342:
340:
339:
332:
325:
317:
314:
313:
311:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
274:
271:
270:
264:
263:
255:
254:
245:
242:
220:In their book
158:David Bordwell
147:
144:
134:Cinema Journal
62:David Bordwell
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8264:
8253:
8252:2010s in film
8250:
8248:
8247:2000s in film
8245:
8243:
8242:1990s in film
8240:
8238:
8237:1980s in film
8235:
8233:
8232:1970s in film
8230:
8228:
8227:1960s in film
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8182:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8169:
8168:
8165:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8152:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8118:Sci-fi horror
8116:
8114:
8113:Sci-fi comedy
8111:
8109:
8108:Sci-fi action
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8032:
8031:Giant-monster
8029:
8027:
8024:
8023:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7949:Comedy horror
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7935:
7932:
7928:
7925:
7924:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7795:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7771:
7768:
7767:
7764:
7759:
7755:
7747:
7742:
7740:
7735:
7733:
7728:
7727:
7724:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7702:
7694:
7693:
7690:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7608:Postmodernist
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7598:Participatory
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7568:Musical short
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7479:Found footage
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7385:Cinéma vérité
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7301:or production
7293:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7275:
7272:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7258:
7255:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7117:Prussian film
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7062:New Nollywood
7060:
7058:
7057:New Hollywood
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6877:Cannibal boom
6875:
6873:
6872:Calligrafismo
6870:
6868:
6865:
6861:
6858:
6857:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6840:Berlin School
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6804:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6790:Weird Western
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6621:Slice of life
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6574:Bavarian porn
6572:
6571:
6570:
6569:Sexploitation
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6527:Partisan film
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6495:Muslim social
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6477:
6476:Zombie comedy
6474:
6473:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6451:Giant monster
6449:
6448:
6447:
6444:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6252:Mexploitation
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6106:Coming-of-age
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6050:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6021:Transgressive
6019:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6004:Psychological
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5954:Slice of life
5952:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5826:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5691:Psychological
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5666:Korean horror
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5636:Found footage
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5525:Magic realism
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:Sexploitation
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5392:Calligrafismo
5390:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:City symphony
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5162:
5157:
5155:
5150:
5148:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5046:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5004:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4983:1-932643-19-2
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4899:
4897:0-203-64515-4
4893:
4890:. Routledge.
4889:
4884:
4880:
4878:1-932643-19-2
4874:
4870:
4865:
4861:
4859:1-932643-19-2
4855:
4851:
4847:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4813:
4808:
4804:
4802:9781839022784
4798:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4737:
4733:
4731:9780429469121
4727:
4724:. Routledge.
4723:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4695:
4691:
4689:962-209-737-5
4685:
4681:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:. Routledge.
4658:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4639:
4634:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4598:Monaco, James
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4576:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4548:0-7864-1836-2
4544:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4529:0-87951-663-1
4525:
4521:
4516:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4476:9781860645730
4472:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4412:9781138057050
4408:
4405:. Routledge.
4404:
4399:
4395:
4393:9780429469121
4389:
4386:. Routledge.
4385:
4380:
4376:
4374:9781839022784
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4219:9781444336276
4215:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4199:
4197:9780520246225
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4122:0-85170-757-2
4118:
4114:
4110:
4105:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4051:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4028:
4025:, p. 82.
4024:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4010:, p. 80.
4009:
4004:
4001:
3998:, p. 81.
3997:
3992:
3989:
3986:, p. 79.
3985:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3959:, p. 78.
3958:
3953:
3950:
3947:, p. 77.
3946:
3941:
3938:
3935:, p. 76.
3934:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3799:, p. 99.
3798:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3760:, p. 97.
3759:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3736:
3733:, p. 78.
3732:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3709:, p. 77.
3708:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3659:Srinivas 2005
3655:
3652:
3648:
3647:Srinivas 2005
3643:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3488:
3485:, p. 31.
3484:
3479:
3476:
3473:, p. 60.
3472:
3467:
3464:
3461:, p. 59.
3460:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3326:, p. 69.
3325:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3311:, p. 67.
3310:
3305:
3302:
3299:, p. 19.
3298:
3293:
3290:
3287:, p. 15.
3286:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3260:, p. 42.
3259:
3254:
3251:
3248:, p. 28.
3247:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3224:, p. 49.
3223:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3200:, p. 48.
3199:
3194:
3191:
3188:, p. 26.
3187:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3113:, p. 56.
3112:
3107:
3104:
3101:, p. 44.
3100:
3095:
3092:
3089:, p. 34.
3088:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3053:, p. 17.
3052:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2990:, p. 16.
2989:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2962:
2959:, p. 15.
2958:
2953:
2950:
2947:, p. 14.
2946:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2926:
2923:, p. 13.
2922:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2908:, p. 12.
2907:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2872:
2869:, pp. 9.
2868:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2836:
2833:, pp. 7.
2832:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2818:, pp. 8.
2817:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2787:, pp. 6.
2786:
2781:
2778:
2775:, p. 44.
2774:
2769:
2766:
2763:, p. 43.
2762:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2700:Willemen 2005
2696:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2597:, p. 19.
2596:
2595:Soberson 2021
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2576:Bordwell 2006
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2561:, p. 74.
2560:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2546:, p. 36.
2545:
2544:Kendrick 2019
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2461:Resident Evil
2457:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2423:post-feminism
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2383:
2382:Resident Evil
2378:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2331:Buffy Summers
2328:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2312:Yvonne Tasker
2309:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2291:China O'Brien
2287:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:working-class
2248:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2240:femme fatales
2236:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2193:
2167:
2158:
2154:
2151:This section
2149:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2060:
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2050:George Miller
2048:
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2041:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:Robert Clouse
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1978:
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1973:
1971:
1970:Sam Peckinpah
1968:
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1963:
1961:
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1956:
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1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
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1932:Seven Samurai
1929:
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1915:James Cameron
1913:
1911:
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1898:
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1894:
1893:United States
1891:
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1607:
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1602:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1589:Hello Brother
1585:
1581:
1580:Telugu cinema
1576:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1529:body builders
1526:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1509:Prakash Mehra
1506:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:Jason Statham
1478:
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1405:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1387:George Miller
1384:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:Sandy Harbutt
1368:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:Deathcheaters
1356:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1317:, French and
1316:
1315:South African
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1264:Song Hae-sung
1261:
1260:
1259:General's Son
1255:
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1198:
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1183:
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1177:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1164:Steven Seagal
1161:
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1125:
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1119:
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994:
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986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
955:
950:
945:
944:Action comedy
939:
932:Hybrid genres
931:
926:
924:
921:
920:
915:
914:
909:
908:
902:
901:(2010) film.
900:
899:
894:
893:
888:
887:
882:
878:
874:
873:
868:
867:
866:The Brave One
862:
861:
856:
855:
850:
846:
841:
839:
838:
833:
832:
827:
826:
821:
820:
815:
814:
809:
805:
800:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:
779:
778:
773:
772:
771:Sudden Impact
767:
766:
761:
760:
755:
754:
753:Lethal Weapon
748:
746:
745:
740:
739:
734:
730:
729:
724:
723:
718:
717:
712:
711:
706:
705:
700:
696:
695:
690:
683:was released.
682:
678:
677:Steve McQueen
674:
670:
668:
667:New Hollywood
664:
660:
659:Yvonne Tasker
656:
652:
648:
640:
638:
636:
635:
630:
626:
625:
620:
619:
614:
613:
608:
607:
602:
598:
597:
592:
588:
587:
582:
581:
576:
572:
571:
566:
562:
561:Yuen Woo-Ping
558:
557:Michelle Yeoh
553:
549:
548:
543:
539:
538:
533:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:Lau Kar-leung
503:
499:
494:
490:
486:
478:
477:kung fu films
474:
469:
465:
463:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:Shaw Brothers
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:Liang Yusheng
425:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
408:
407:Seven Samurai
403:
399:
395:
394:
389:
388:
383:
382:
377:
372:
370:
366:
365:Wong Fei-hung
359:
351:
349:
338:
333:
331:
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324:
319:
318:
316:
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309:
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304:
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269:
265:
261:
257:
256:
253:
249:
243:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
217:Johan Höglund
213:
211:
207:
206:Yvonne Tasker
203:
199:
198:Indiana Jones
195:
191:
187:
186:
181:
180:
175:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:
145:
143:
141:
136:
135:
129:
127:
126:
121:
120:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
86:New Hollywood
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
58:
54:
46:
45:
40:
36:
32:
19:
8217:Action films
8016:Mockumentary
7824:Biographical
7807:Swashbuckler
7775:Martial arts
7447:Experimental
7442:Ethnofiction
7189:Third Cinema
7092:Persian Film
6835:Auteur films
6806:By movement
6663:Swashbuckler
6522:Ozploitation
6517:Outlaw biker
6397:Martial arts
6392:Magical girl
6242:Exploitation
6237:Ethnographic
6166:Mafia comedy
5809:Pornographic
5686:Psycho-biddy
5671:Lovecraftian
5505:Contemporary
5486:
5480:Exploitation
5475:Experimental
5355:Mockumentary
5224:Biographical
5184:
5127:. Retrieved
5121:
5091:
5065:
5056:
5050:
5044:
5022:. New York:
5019:
4992:
4973:
4953:
4947:
4928:
4906:
4887:
4868:
4845:
4836:
4830:
4811:
4792:
4767:
4763:
4740:
4721:
4698:
4675:
4656:
4637:
4625:. Retrieved
4601:
4579:
4567:. Retrieved
4561:
4538:
4519:
4507:. Retrieved
4495:
4489:
4462:
4440:
4421:
4402:
4383:
4360:
4339:
4333:
4321:
4315:
4294:
4267:
4241:
4232:
4228:
4206:
4183:
4168:. Retrieved
4164:the original
4157:
4141:. Retrieved
4134:
4108:
4096:. Retrieved
4090:
4067:
4030:
4003:
3991:
3979:
3952:
3940:
3895:. Retrieved
3880:
3870:
3865:, p. 8.
3858:
3831:
3819:
3812:Soyoung 2005
3797:Soyoung 2005
3782:Soyoung 2005
3777:
3770:Soyoung 2005
3765:
3758:Soyoung 2005
3738:
3726:
3714:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3618:
3589:
3562:
3550:
3502:
3497:, p. 3.
3490:
3478:
3466:
3454:
3427:
3386:, p. 8.
3379:
3367:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3275:, p. 1.
3253:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3205:
3193:
3173:, p. 4.
3156:, p. 3.
3149:
3144:, p. 1.
3137:
3132:, p. 2.
3106:
3094:
3082:
3070:
3065:, p. 2.
3058:
3046:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2988:O'Brien 2012
2969:O'Brien 2012
2964:
2957:O'Brien 2012
2952:
2945:O'Brien 2012
2940:
2933:O'Brien 2012
2928:
2921:O'Brien 2012
2906:O'Brien 2012
2886:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2838:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2756:
2732:, p. 5.
2717:, p. 4.
2695:
2683:
2678:, p. 1.
2648:, p. 2.
2633:, p. 6.
2631:O'Brien 2012
2626:
2621:, p. 4.
2614:
2609:, p. 4.
2602:
2559:Higgins 2008
2459:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:Big Bad Mama
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2334:
2323:
2315:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2280:Sarah Connor
2275:
2272:Ellen Ripley
2269:
2262:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2217:
2215:
2202:
2164:January 2024
2161:
2157:adding to it
2152:
2114:
2091:
2064:
2037:
2009:
1984:Police Story
1983:
1957:
1930:
1903:
1875:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1825:
1818:
1816:
1800:
1784:
1778:
1774:Memento Mori
1772:
1766:
1760:
1759:(1997), and
1754:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1739:One-Eyd Park
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1713:
1711:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1619:
1616:SS Rajamouli
1609:
1599:
1595:Twin Dragons
1593:
1587:
1577:
1570:
1566:Ek Tha Tiger
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1522:
1512:
1494:
1484:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1452:
1445:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1390:
1380:
1374:
1364:
1358:
1354:Turkey Shoot
1352:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1295:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1257:
1254:Im Kwon-taek
1249:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1147:Chuck Norris
1141:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1077:
1075:
1072:Kung fu film
1066:Kung fu film
1060:kung fu film
1055:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1006:
1004:
989:comedy films
985:martial arts
972:
969:James Monaco
966:
961:
951:
947:
938:Hybrid genre
917:
911:
905:
903:
896:
890:
884:
870:
864:
858:
852:
842:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
801:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
749:
742:
736:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
692:
686:
680:
644:
632:
622:
616:
610:
604:
594:
591:Stephen Chow
584:
578:
568:
545:
535:
529:
493:kung fu film
484:
482:
459:
451:
447:
439:
431:
423:
417:
416:(1958), and
411:
405:
398:period drama
391:
385:
379:
373:
361:
346:
252:Action films
251:
234:Amazon Prime
221:
214:
209:
201:
193:
190:John McClane
183:
177:
173:
171:
161:
151:
149:
139:
132:
130:
123:
117:
83:
79:horror films
71:comedy films
52:
50:
42:
8222:Film genres
8128:Time travel
8088:Apocalyptic
7890:Documentary
7819:Avant-garde
7673:Video nasty
7668:Underground
7653:Slow cinema
7623:Sceneggiata
7511:Live action
7489:Independent
7469:Film à clef
7437:Docufiction
7405:Compilation
7380:Blockbuster
7348:Traditional
7343:Stop-motion
7279:Chick flick
7137:Slow cinema
7127:Remodernist
6942:Free Cinema
6922:Erra Cinema
6887:Cinema Novo
6765:Revisionist
6274:Gendai-geki
6210:Psychedelic
6198:Apocalyptic
6064:Beach party
5959:Slow cinema
5932:Space opera
5897:Fantastique
5768:Sceneggiata
5758:Musicarello
5631:Fantastique
5510:Fantastique
5453:Educational
5380:Video essay
5335:Documentary
4627:January 26,
4569:January 26,
4170:February 8,
4143:January 25,
4098:January 25,
3863:Tasker 2015
3743:Macias 2008
3683:Abrams 2022
3528:Howell 2021
3483:Martin 2009
3111:Monaco 1979
3051:Tasker 2015
3039:Tasker 2004
3024:Tasker 2015
3012:Tasker 2015
3000:Tasker 2015
2773:Sharpe 2011
2761:Sharpe 2011
2646:Tasker 2015
2505:Action hero
2482:Film portal
2412:(2005) and
2402:such as in
2391:(1974) and
2364:Ultraviolet
2317:Ultraviolet
2278:(1986) and
2235:white women
2066:Hard Boiled
1995:Jackie Chan
1783:(1999) and
1771:(2000) and
1650:Sonny Chiba
1601:Bhadrachlam
1569:(2012) and
1543:Salman Khan
1519:Yash Chopra
1517:(1973) and
1476:Transporter
1467:(1998) and
1434:(2004) and
1431:District 13
1363:(1976) and
1341:road movies
1278:(2013) and
1235:Bad Boys II
1230:Michael Bay
1204:jinghungpin
889:(2007) and
877:post-modern
869:(2007) and
857:(2003) and
828:(1996) and
788:Joel Silver
719:(1971) and
707:(1971) and
704:Dirty Harry
621:(2016) and
606:The Promise
599:(2004) and
583:(2002) and
575:Zhang Yimou
518:Jackie Chan
454:(1965) and
434:(1954) and
182:(1981) and
98:crime films
53:action film
8211:Categories
7905:Historical
7834:Children's
7760:and themes
7593:Paracinema
7578:Neorealist
7573:Mythopoeia
7558:Mockbuster
7523:Low-budget
7464:Featurette
7297:technique,
7295:By format,
7174:Surrealist
7169:Structural
7047:New German
7037:Neorealist
7032:Mumblecore
6972:Heimatfilm
6932:Film d'art
6897:Cinéma pur
6631:South Seas
6604:Sex report
5870:Paranormal
5833:Propaganda
5733:Mumblecore
5520:Historical
5402:Historical
5291:Remarriage
5281:Mo lei tau
5129:2010-12-01
4611:0195025709
4281:0791492958
4050:Purse 2011
4035:O'Day 2004
4023:Purse 2011
4008:Purse 2011
3996:Purse 2011
3984:Purse 2011
3972:Purse 2011
3957:Purse 2011
3945:Purse 2011
3933:Purse 2011
3897:2022-05-17
3582:Purse 2011
3567:Purse 2011
3555:Purse 2011
3543:Purse 2011
3447:Bitel 2019
3420:Logan 1995
3099:Bould 2013
3087:Bould 2013
3075:Selbo 2014
2607:Dixon 2000
2526:References
2510:Film genre
2440:Underworld
2388:Caged Heat
2376:Underworld
2264:Foxy Brown
2206:Chang Cheh
1762:Green Fish
1654:Angela Mao
1459:EuropaCorp
1455:Luc Besson
1409:EuropaCorp
1366:Stunt Rock
1245:The Matrix
1240:Wachowskis
1151:Sho Kosugi
1142:The Yakuza
1133:The Yakuza
954:Jule Selbo
942:See also:
913:Spider-Man
837:The Matrix
831:Armageddon
716:Billy Jack
710:Death Wish
629:Johnnie To
618:Cold War 2
601:Chen Kaige
550:featuring
537:The Killer
489:Chang Cheh
393:jidai-geki
57:film genre
39:John Rambo
27:Film genre
8194:Spaghetti
8177:Submarine
8123:Superhero
8093:Body swap
8063:Religious
8011:Melodrama
7900:Economics
7861:Slapstick
7846:Christian
7839:Animation
7814:Animation
7797:Adventure
7790:Vigilante
7752:Lists of
7583:No-budget
7548:Meta-film
7516:animation
7474:Film-poem
7410:Composite
7355:Anthology
7318:Animation
7313:Actuality
7299:approach,
7067:New Queer
6987:Indiewood
6937:Film gris
6808:or period
6785:Spaghetti
6708:Submarine
6688:Vigilante
6653:Superhero
6407:Chopsocky
6353:Jidaigeki
6222:Dystopian
6121:Detective
6079:Buddy cop
6069:Body swap
5999:Political
5979:Financial
5942:Tokusatsu
5937:Steampunk
5853:Bromantic
5825:Malayalam
5804:Crossover
5780:Detective
5748:Backstage
5696:Religious
5552:Tech noir
5547:Pulp noir
5537:Film noir
5412:Melodrama
5350:Docudrama
5323:Cyberpunk
5316:Slapstick
5306:Screwball
5266:Gross out
5229:Christian
5207:Adventure
5070:Routledge
4962:0036-9543
4784:144426047
4590:1651-6826
4563:Otaku USA
4467:IB Tauris
4348:0022-3840
3851:Kwon 2023
3836:Choi 2011
3432:Pang 2005
3384:Lott 2004
3372:Lott 2004
3360:Lott 2004
3348:Lott 2004
3336:Lott 2004
3324:Lott 2004
3309:Lott 2004
3297:Lott 2004
3285:Lott 2004
3273:Lott 2004
3258:Lott 2004
3246:Lott 2004
3234:Lott 2004
2891:Chen 2022
2879:Chen 2022
2619:King 2000
2455:Aeon Flux
2435:Kill Bill
2259:Pam Grier
2246:film noir
2228:sidekicks
2212:Hollywood
2199:Hong Kong
2082:Hong Kong
2055:Australia
2039:Mad Max 2
2027:Hong Kong
2000:Hong Kong
1864:Director
1797:Reception
1702:LoveDeath
1611:Kickboxer
1572:Dabangg 2
1563:(2011),
1560:Bodyguard
1501:Bollywood
1437:Unleashed
1389:'s later
1325:Australia
1307:Brazilian
1299:Malayalam
1281:New World
1275:Cold Eyes
1220:Tsui Hark
1216:Ringo Lam
983:, crime,
927:Subgenres
881:cinephile
744:Mad Max 2
655:war films
542:Tsui Hark
510:Chor Yuen
502:Bruce Lee
473:Bruce Lee
268:By decade
119:Kill Bill
94:war films
90:antiheros
44:Rambo III
8172:Anti-war
8150:Thriller
8098:Dystopia
8053:Neo-noir
7954:Disaster
7939:Cannibal
7885:Disaster
7701:Category
7588:One-shot
7452:Abstract
7338:Computer
7022:Lettrist
6917:Dogme 95
6845:Bourekas
6815:Absolute
6755:Northern
6750:Meat pie
6703:Euro War
6698:Anti-war
6564:Rumberas
6485:Mountain
6387:Luchador
6343:Homeland
6331:Shotacon
6304:Suburban
6232:Economic
6193:Disaster
6126:Gangster
6101:Colonial
6091:Cannibal
6052:By theme
6009:Romantic
5964:Thriller
5922:New Wave
5917:Military
5875:Thriller
5843:Romantic
5790:Whodunit
5763:Operetta
5743:Arthouse
5711:Splatter
5606:Cannibal
5596:Arthouse
5579:Suburban
5569:Southern
5542:Neo-noir
5446:Thriller
5340:Animated
5328:Japanese
5296:Romantic
5286:Thriller
5212:Survival
5190:Arthouse
5178:By style
5090:(2002).
4600:(1979).
4509:June 21,
4266:(2000).
4182:(2006).
3891:Archived
3882:Time Out
3824:Yip 2017
3719:Mes 2004
3695:Yip 2017
3671:BBC 2023
3222:Yip 2017
3210:Teo 2016
3198:Yip 2017
3186:Yip 2017
3171:Teo 2016
3154:Teo 2016
3142:Teo 2016
3130:Teo 2016
2867:Yip 2017
2855:Yip 2017
2843:Yip 2017
2831:Yip 2017
2816:Yip 2017
2797:Yip 2017
2785:Yip 2017
2749:Yip 2017
2730:Yip 2017
2715:Yip 2017
2688:Yip 2017
2468:See also
2464:(2002).
2432:(2005),
2367:(2006),
2361:(2000),
2355:(2001),
2304:(1996).
2267:(1974).
2233:Violent
2077:John Woo
1877:Die Hard
1867:Country
1845:Time Out
1768:Chunhang
1753:(1994),
1745:(1974).
1727:Zatoichi
1722:Cold War
1697:Sky High
1614:(1989).
1575:(2012).
1557:(2011),
1428:(2001),
1422:(2000),
1339:(1986),
1284:(2013).
1272:(2010),
1212:John Woo
1176:(2003).
1047:(1922) (
919:Iron Man
840:(1999).
808:Cold War
765:Commando
759:Die Hard
747:(1981).
701:such as
689:Antihero
647:Westerns
637:(2002).
615:(2012),
612:Cold War
589:(2004),
534:(1986),
526:John Woo
485:yanggang
464:(1966).
436:Jin Yong
410:(1954),
387:chanbara
381:Rashomon
369:diaspora
194:Die Hard
185:Die Hard
102:Westerns
8184:Western
8068:Romance
8043:Mystery
8038:Musical
8021:Monster
7994:Vampire
7984:Satanic
7979:Natural
7969:Holiday
7922:Fantasy
7910:Slavery
7868:Concert
7683:Z movie
7459:Feature
7395:Collage
7365:B movie
7333:Cartoon
7072:No wave
6740:Florida
6735:Fantasy
6715:Western
6658:Surfing
6646:Eurospy
6616:Slavery
6466:Vampire
6446:Monster
6417:Kung fu
6358:Samurai
6326:Lolicon
6294:Romance
6141:Gong'an
6111:Concert
6096:Chicano
6059:Animals
5947:Western
5902:Fantasy
5860:Fantasy
5838:Reality
5775:Mystery
5753:Jukebox
5738:Musical
5716:Satanic
5706:Slasher
5676:Natural
5656:Holiday
5564:Romance
5530:Science
5495:Fantasy
5397:Dramedy
5261:Dramedy
4060:Sources
2429:Elektra
2224:tomboys
1714:Hwalkuk
1656:called
1584:Srihari
1548:Dabangg
1524:Deewaar
1514:Zanjeer
1382:Mad Max
1319:Italian
1311:Chinese
1106:shaolin
1079:gong fu
1054:). In
1049:transl.
783:RoboCop
733:Bullitt
694:Bullitt
681:Bullitt
565:Ang Lee
514:Gu Long
456:King Hu
419:Yojimbo
402:Western
244:History
238:Netflix
202:Raiders
150:In the
128:films.
8155:Erotic
8140:Sports
8078:Satire
8058:Prison
7999:Zombie
7964:Ghosts
7944:Clowns
7934:Horror
7917:Erotic
7856:Parody
7851:Comedy
7802:Pirate
7770:Action
7711:Portal
7648:Silent
7638:Shinpa
7633:Serial
7618:Satire
7603:Poetry
7533:Masala
7262:ShÅnen
7245:Seinen
6760:Ostern
6745:Horror
6678:Travel
6636:Sports
6559:Rubble
6532:Prison
6500:Nature
6471:Zombie
6412:Gun fu
6348:Isekai
6321:Hentai
6289:Gothic
6215:Stoner
6181:Yakuza
6136:GokudÅ
6084:Female
6014:Techno
5984:Giallo
5974:Erotic
5969:Comedy
5912:Horror
5907:Gothic
5892:Comedy
5865:Gothic
5848:Comedy
5797:Giallo
5651:Giallo
5621:Comedy
5591:Horror
5559:Gothic
5500:Comedy
5426:Erotic
5417:Korean
5375:Travel
5365:Pseudo
5311:Silent
5276:Parody
5271:Horror
5239:Action
5234:Comedy
5185:Action
5171:genres
5098:
5076:
5030:
4999:
4980:
4960:
4949:Screen
4935:
4916:
4894:
4875:
4856:
4818:
4799:
4782:
4751:
4728:
4709:
4686:
4663:
4644:
4608:
4588:
4545:
4526:
4473:
4450:
4428:
4409:
4390:
4371:
4346:
4278:
4252:
4216:
4194:
4119:
4074:
2276:Aliens
1904:Aliens
1686:Versus
1681:Versus
1676:Versus
1538:Wanted
1419:Taxi 2
1399:France
1101:wudang
981:horror
916:, and
552:Jet Li
448:xinpai
77:, and
8160:Legal
8026:Kaiju
7974:Mummy
7895:Drama
7878:Heist
7873:Crime
7785:Ninja
7758:genre
7754:films
7663:Sound
7643:Short
7400:Color
7323:Anime
7284:Josei
7274:Women
7267:ShÅjo
7235:Anime
7225:Black
7220:Adult
6780:Space
6683:Trial
6626:Snuff
6537:Women
6512:Opera
6461:Mummy
6456:Kaiju
6439:Anime
6434:Mecha
6427:Wuxia
6422:Ninja
6370:LGBTQ
6365:KaitÅ
6316:Harem
6299:Space
6279:Ghost
6227:Ecchi
6188:Dance
6161:Mafia
6146:Heist
6116:Crime
6074:Buddy
6043:Trick
5989:Legal
5646:Ghost
5584:Urban
5574:Space
5407:Legal
5387:Drama
5360:Mondo
5244:Black
4956:(2).
4780:S2CID
4342:(6).
2255:black
2226:, or
2121:1981
1948:Japan
1861:Year
1858:Film
1855:Rank
1780:Shiri
1708:Korea
1691:Azumi
1628:Japan
1608:film
1554:Ready
1491:India
1376:Stone
1118:wuxia
1096:wuxia
1092:wuxia
1088:wuxia
1056:wuxia
1041:wuxia
1029:Wuxia
1025:wuxia
1019:Wuxia
1013:Wuxia
1007:wuxia
958:crime
907:X-Men
892:Rambo
872:Taken
651:crime
396:, or
308:2020s
303:2010s
298:2000s
293:1990s
288:1980s
283:1970s
278:1960s
55:is a
8189:Euro
8145:Teen
8048:Noir
8006:LGBT
7989:Toys
7420:Cult
7257:Teen
7250:Stag
7241:Men
6720:Acid
6554:Road
6544:Race
6380:Yuri
6375:Yaoi
6205:Drug
6156:Hood
5601:Body
5515:High
5485:see
5463:Epic
5436:Pink
5370:Semi
5254:Sexy
5168:Film
5096:ISBN
5074:ISBN
5028:ISBN
4997:ISBN
4978:ISBN
4958:ISSN
4933:ISBN
4914:ISBN
4892:ISBN
4873:ISBN
4854:ISBN
4839:(1).
4816:ISBN
4797:ISBN
4749:ISBN
4726:ISBN
4707:ISBN
4684:ISBN
4661:ISBN
4642:ISBN
4629:2024
4606:ISBN
4586:ISSN
4571:2024
4543:ISBN
4524:ISBN
4511:2024
4471:ISBN
4448:ISBN
4426:ISBN
4407:ISBN
4388:ISBN
4369:ISBN
4344:ISSN
4324:(2).
4276:ISBN
4250:ISBN
4214:ISBN
4192:ISBN
4172:2024
4145:2024
4117:ISBN
4100:2024
4072:ISBN
2446:and
2379:and
2370:Salt
2341:Xena
2099:1991
2072:1992
2045:1981
2017:1973
1990:1985
1965:1969
1938:1954
1910:1986
1883:1988
1756:Beat
1694:and
1640:Toei
1464:Taxi
1303:Thai
1250:noir
1214:and
1162:and
1104:and
1023:The
987:and
735:and
653:and
580:Hero
559:and
236:and
228:and
226:IMDb
122:and
100:and
51:The
8167:War
8135:Spy
7959:Eco
7756:by
7360:Art
7328:Art
6693:War
6641:Spy
5887:Art
5626:Eco
5301:Sex
5219:Art
4772:doi
4500:doi
4301:doi
4233:638
4136:BBC
2282:in
2274:in
2243:in
2159:.
2111:10
1621:RRR
1618:'s
1521:'s
1511:'s
1351:'s
1266:'s
1256:'s
1232:'s
1037:xia
851:'s
603:'s
593:'s
577:'s
567:'s
544:'s
524:of
458:'s
438:'s
430:'s
200:in
192:in
160:in
41:in
37:as
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2088:9
2061:8
2034:7
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1979:5
1954:4
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