157:, AFO members organized fallback zones in which they stuck up on food and basic necessities. They set up various warning codes to assess the disaster situation and take the necessary measures accordingly. They also organized survivalism courses during which were taught the use of firearms and crossbows, techniques for thwarting police surveillance, the manufacture of
219:, DGSI) in February 2018. In June 2018, following the group's infiltration by a DGSI agent and the discovery of grenade-throwing trainings in the forest, ten AFO members were arrested. Dozens of firearms and thousands of ammunition were found during searches, including components used to manufacture
169:
AFO was structured into three circles, each named after a color. Members of the "white" circle provided logistical support to the organization, those of the "grey" circle trained recruits and supported the group's actions, and those of the "black" circle had to take action. The members of this last
237:(Pnat) requested a trial for 15 AFO members suspected of terrorist criminal association between 2017 and 2018, and of another AFO member for weapons and explosives offenses. This makes it the most important case of violent right-wing extremism brought before the French courts.
186:
Members were recruited through the
Internet, on websites Guerredefrance.fr and Réveil patriote, as well as among shooting sports clubs and within Volontaires pour la France. In 2018, AFO was looking to recruit members from the police, the military and the hunting community.
249:
and sees itself as a force of resistance to what it perceives as the "Islamic peril". It is thus explicitly opposed to
Muslims. AFO is classified to the far right of the political spectrum. With its desire to construct "white" communities, AFO is also
81:). AFO was initially the armed branch of the VPF. Eventually, the number of members would grow to around fifty. AFP split from the VPF in October 2017, (or would have been excluded according to the VPF) and became off-limits to VPF members.
203:, "its members work according to the principle "soldier one day, soldier forever!" Years, even decades after leaving uniform, they imagine themselves still invested with a sacred mission, which would be to save France..."
967:
811:
712:
230:
In June 2019, another AFO member, who was a diplomat of the French
Embassy in Salvador, was indicted for membership of the group. In October 2019, another person was indicted in the case.
939:
402:
455:
678:
866:
748:
642:
84:
In 2018, members of Action des Forces Opérationnelles led an intimidation operation against the
Maghrebi neighbors of a daughter of one of AFO's members. During the
781:
895:
55:
62:
and Yvan Blot's
Volontaires pour la France (VPF), believed that the VPF were too legalistic, did not act enough and were no longer sufficient to act against "
223:-type explosives. In July 2018, two other members were arrested. However, in the absence of sufficient charges, most members were released and placed under
212:
339:
1089:
372:
34:
armed group founded in August 2017 by Guy Sibra and
Dominique Compain and dismantled in June 2018. It is suspected by French justice of planning
839:
174:
as a model, AFO was structured in local cells, under the control of regional cells which in turn reported to the national structure. The AFO's
1062:
571:
134:
women and of Muslim former prisoners, and to throw explosives into the vehicles of Muslim families. For historian and political scientist
1084:
616:
508:
73:
As a result, Guy Sibra and
Dominique Compain founded Action des Forces Opérationnelles with around twenty people in August 2017 in
1094:
812:"Ultradroite : un procès requis pour 16 membres d'un groupe soupçonnés d'avoir préparé des attaques contre des musulmans"
968:"Terrorisme d'ultradroite : "Ils se mettent à penser à des projets d'attentats mais se rêvent membres de la Résistance""
1104:
224:
288:
and believe in the imminence of an ethnic civil war, estimating that a civilization conflict has been underway since the
1099:
51:
234:
171:
995:
138:, "it was about revenge for the 2015 attacks, but not just that: it was also about fighting Islam and Muslims".
170:
circle, made up of around ten people, were clandestine and other AFO members did not know their identity. With
940:"Qui se cache derrière l'AFO, le groupuscule d'extrême droite qui prévoyait de s'en prendre à des musulmans?"
972:
944:
135:
344:
123:
267:
85:
303:
The organization considers "supporters of the
Islamic system", "sub-Saharan Africans", "leftists" and "
199:, a large proportion of the members were of old age and were wealthy. According to political scientist
996:"Quand une radicalisation en cache une autre : sociologie des mouvances d'ultra-droite française"
195:
The group included many ex-military personnel, reservists and police officers. According to historian
289:
115:
679:"Groupe anti-musulmans : le parquet antiterroriste demande un procès pour seize de ses membres"
603:(2023). "The new horizons of the French extreme right". In Kondor, Katherine; Littler, Mark (eds.).
600:
563:
555:
259:
753:
111:
54:
context, Guy Sibra, a seller of decommissioned military equipment, former head brigadier of the
749:"Qui est derrière l'AFO, le groupuscule d'extrême droite en guerre contre les musulmans ?"
1058:
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914:
612:
567:
281:
274:
251:
31:
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1007:
906:
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220:
175:
147:
59:
840:"Ce que révèle l'enquête sur les projets d'attentats de l'ultradroite visant des musulmans"
262:
note that the AFO does not mobilize this ideology's references, instead proclaiming itself
1042:
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308:
293:
255:
200:
196:
104:
97:
63:
127:
78:
1078:
107:
67:
867:"Projet d'attentats contre des musulmans : un diplomate français mis en examen"
713:"Ultradroite : ils préparent la "guerre de France" contre le "péril islamique""
340:"Ces militants d'ultradroite voulaient s'en prendre à des musulmans, qui sont-ils?"
312:
285:
278:
246:
27:
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and explosives, military combat techniques and legal training for police custody.
1046:
816:
717:
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407:
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version. They reckon that the 2015 attacks in France were a continuation of the
154:
307:" (literally: "human rightsists") as enemies. According to political scientist
643:"Ultradroite : procès requis contre 16 membres d'un groupe anti-musulman"
1019:
918:
403:"Ultradroite : que préparait l'Action des forces opérationnelles ?"
88:, multiple Facebook pages contributing to the movement were tied to the AFO.
683:
608:
456:"Le groupe islamophobe d'ultradroite AFO ciblait les imams et des musulmans"
377:
296:
political tendency, while
Nicolas Lebourg also describes it as "radicalized
35:
1011:
871:
844:
460:
297:
263:
74:
70:
and other members during the national convention of the VPF in May 2017.
782:"Pourquoi y a-t-il autant de militaires dans les groupes d'ultradroite?"
39:
277:", which they envision both in its Islamophobic dimension and in its
158:
119:
24:
373:"Coup de filet au sein d'une cellule clandestine de l'ultra-droite"
131:
100:
1055:
Les Mots qui fâchent : Contre le maccarthysme intellectuel
371:
Suc, Matthieu; Turchi, Marine; Massey, Jacques (2018-06-13).
146:
AFO members were encouraged to adopt a pseudonym and to use
896:"Persuasion strategies in the French ultra-right discourse"
903:
Problems of
Semantics Pragmatics and Cognitive Linguistics
605:
The Routledge Handbook of Far-Right Extremism in Europe
509:"AFO, les inquiétants Pieds nickelés de l'ultradroite"
994:
Settoul, Elyamine; Bertout, Emmanuelle (2022-07-07).
1057:(in French). La Tour-d'Aigues: Éditions de l'Aube.
558:; Leplongeon, Marc (2021-01-06). "22 mars 2018".
66:". Divergences erupted between supporters of
8:
217:Direction générale de la sécurité interieure
966:Plottu, Pierre; Macé, Maxime (2021-02-11).
780:Macé, Maxime; Plottu, Pierre (2021-12-06).
747:Guillaume Narduzzi-Londinsky (2018-06-29).
213:General Directorate for Internal Security
324:
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806:
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641:Victor Tribot Laspière (2023-06-02).
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56:Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité
292:. Pnat considers it belongs to the
114:. They had also planned to poison
14:
1045:(2022). "Grand remplacement". In
17:Action des Forces Opérationnelles
894:Guley, Marina Dmitrivna (2019).
648:Ici, par France Bleu et France 3
118:in supermarkets, the storm of a
1090:Identitarian movement in France
235:Parquet National Antiterroriste
96:The AFO planned to assassinate
905:(in Ukrainian) (36): 144–156.
454:Christophe Ayad (2023-07-24).
1:
938:Willy Le Devin (2018-06-25).
911:10.17721/2663-6530.2019.36.11
838:Elise Vincent (2018-09-04).
507:Boris Thiolay (2019-11-16).
211:The cell was spotted by the
273:Its members are afraid of "
266:. It is also classified as
52:November 2015 Paris attacks
1121:
103:and personalities such as
1053:; Policar, Alain (eds.).
311:, they see migrants as a
178:cell was notably active.
1085:White supremacist groups
1000:Confluences Méditerranée
191:Organizational structure
172:Service d'Action Civique
875:(in French). 2019-09-12
820:(in French). 2023-06-02
687:(in French). 2023-06-02
411:(in French). 2021-05-05
348:(in French). 2018-06-25
1095:Islamophobia in France
554:Décugis, Jean-Michel;
345:Le Journal du dimanche
254:, although historians
1012:10.3917/come.121.0081
305:droits-de-l'hommistes
86:yellow vests protests
1105:Right-wing terrorism
611:. pp. 225–226.
562:(in French). Paris:
319:Notes and references
290:September 11 attacks
225:judicial supervision
1100:Terrorism in France
148:encrypted messaging
754:Les Inrockuptibles
38:attacks targeting
1064:978-2-8159-4866-1
1051:Corcuff, Philippe
601:Laruelle, Marlène
573:978-2-246-82147-2
275:Great Replacement
252:white nationalist
233:In May 2023, the
136:Stéphane François
32:white nationalist
1112:
1069:
1068:
1043:Lebourg, Nicolas
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60:Antoine Martinez
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566:. p. 240.
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309:Jean-Yves Camus
294:accelerationist
256:Nicolas Lebourg
243:
209:
201:Jean-Yves Camus
197:Nicolas Lebourg
193:
184:
167:
144:
130:), assaults of
94:
92:Planned attacks
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128:Hauts-de-Seine
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79:Seine-et-Marne
58:and member of
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40:Muslim persons
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1002:(in French).
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1047:Mayer, Nonna
1023:. Retrieved
1006:(2): 81–93.
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978:. Retrieved
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950:. Retrieved
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922:. Retrieved
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877:. Retrieved
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850:. Retrieved
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759:. Retrieved
752:
723:. Retrieved
721:. 2018-10-19
716:
689:. Retrieved
682:
653:. Retrieved
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604:
560:La poudrière
559:
519:. Retrieved
512:
466:. Retrieved
459:
413:. Retrieved
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383:. Retrieved
376:
350:. Retrieved
343:
313:fifth column
304:
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286:Algerian War
282:conspiracist
272:
268:identitarian
247:islamophobic
244:
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210:
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185:
182:Recruitments
168:
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142:Organization
105:Islamologist
95:
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64:Islamization
49:
28:islamophobic
20:
16:
15:
976:(in French)
948:(in French)
848:(in French)
817:France Info
790:(in French)
757:(in French)
718:France Info
651:(in French)
517:(in French)
464:(in French)
408:France Info
381:(in French)
279:antisemitic
245:The AFO is
155:survivalism
110:and rapper
1079:Categories
1025:2023-11-17
980:2023-11-17
973:Libération
952:2020-08-30
945:Libération
924:2023-11-17
879:2020-08-30
852:2020-04-26
824:2023-11-12
794:2023-11-17
761:2023-11-13
725:2023-11-12
691:2023-11-13
655:2023-11-12
607:. London:
521:2023-11-12
468:2023-11-12
415:2023-11-11
385:2023-11-13
352:2023-11-13
315:of Islam.
207:Legal case
153:Adepts of
116:halal food
50:In a post-
1020:1148-2664
919:2663-6530
684:Le Figaro
609:Routledge
514:L'Express
378:Mediapart
165:Structure
36:terrorist
872:Le Point
845:Le Monde
787:Slate.fr
461:Le Monde
298:populist
264:Gaullist
241:Ideology
75:Barbizon
23:) was a
564:Grasset
46:History
1061:
1018:
917:
615:
570:
159:napalm
132:veiled
124:Clichy
120:mosque
112:Médine
98:Salafi
25:French
899:(PDF)
101:imams
1059:ISBN
1016:ISSN
915:ISSN
613:ISBN
568:ISBN
258:and
221:TATP
30:and
1008:doi
1004:121
907:doi
300:".
122:in
21:AFO
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1034:^
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998:.
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