2294:(2011), Lisa Purse described the media response to female leads in action films reveal a discomfort about their presence and are often described with hesitant terms of women moving into territories that are perceived as masculine. Revealing woman in this form deconstructs the notion that traditional marks of masculinity are not exclusive to men and that musculature was not natural, but something to be achieved. Accusations of these muscular women of the era were levelled at that them by 1993 were that they were "men in drag" and that the films generally have to "explain" why their female leads displayed physical aggression and why they were "driven to do it." As the 1990s went on, Hollywood films began having more conventional looking women in their action films such as
359:
lacked the kind of dazzling action choreography as expected today and had crude and rudimentary special effects. These films came under increasing attack by both government officials and cultural elites for their allegedly superstitious and anarchistic tendencies, leading them to be banned in 1932. It was not until the base of
Chinese commercial filmmaking was relocated from Shanghai to Hong Kong in the late 1940s that martial arts cinema was revived. These films contained much of the characteristics of the previous era. During this period, over 100 films were based on the adventures of real life Cantonese folk hero
438:(1956) which showed influence of the Shanghai martial arts films but also circulated from Hong Kong to Taiwan and Chinese communities overseas. This led to a growing demand in both local and regional markets in the early 1960s and saw a surge in production of Hong Kong martial arts films that went beyond the stories about Wong Fei-hung which were declining in popularity. These new martial arts films featured magical swordplay and higher production values and more sophisticated special effects than the previous films with
1090:, film, the focus on the kung fu film is on the martial arts over chivalry, The martial arts films was in decline by the mid-1970s in Hong Kong in relation to the stock market crash which went from over 150 films in 1972 to just over 80 in 1975, which led to a downfall in martial arts films produced. When the economy became to rebound, a new trend of martial arts films, the Shaolin kung fu films emerged and sparked a revival of the genre. Unlike the
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action films developed into their own recognizable genre instead of being a collection of other types of films such as
Westerns, swashbucklers or adventure films. Films have been described "action films" or "action-adventure film" as early as the 1910s. Only by the 1980s was the term action as its own unique genre used routinely in terms of promotion and reviewing practices.
418:(1961). By at least the 1950s, Japanese films were looked upon as a model to be emulated by Hong Kong film production, and Hong Kong film companies began actively enlisting professionals from Japan, such as cinematographer Tadashi Nishimoto to contribute to color and widescreen cinematography. New literary sources also developed in martial arts films of this period, with the
1195:. The term is used broadly. Baker described the style as Hong Kong action films which feature gangsters and gunplay and martial arts that were more violent than kung fu films and academic Kristof Van Den Troost described it a term used to distinguish Hong Kong gun-heavy action films from period martial arts films from the late 1980s and early 1990s.
31:
1343:, Amanda Howell suggested that this label was used to help distance Australian cinema from Hollywood films as it would be suggesting commerce over culture and that it would be "quite unacceptable to make Australian movies using conventions established in the U.S.A." Howell stated this to be the case with action films of the 1970s and 1980s with
2172:
152:, Lennart Soberson stated that the action film genre has been a subject of scholarly debate since the 1980s. Soberson wrote that repeated traits of the genre include chase sequences, fights, shootouts, explosions, and stunt work while other scholars asserted there were more underlying traits that define the genre.
2199:
In Hong Kong, the "new school" of martial arts films that Shaw
Brothers brought in 1965 featured what featured what Yip described as "strong, active female characters as protagonists." These female-centered films were challenged with the rise of a new male heroic prototype marked by a strong sense of
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grew to become popular outside of Japan, and
Kitamura said he was aiming for the foreign audience, as he was disappointed with the current state of Japanese films. Kitamura's characters have been described as "a careful combination of the maverick independence of 1980s Hollywood action heroes and the
343:
In transnational cinema, there are two major trends in action films: Hollywood action films and their style being imitated around the globe and the other being
Chinese-language martial arts films. The roots of action films extend into the beginning of film but it was only in the mid-20th century when
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failing to reach the popularity Bachan had. These films predominantly earned their revenue through longer runs at B-grade theatres. A cycle of action films came from these films in the 1980s and 1990s called the
Avenging Woman film, where female protagonists seek justice for a rape victim, where the
1411:
France is a major
European country for film production and has made co-production commitments with 44 countries around the world. Around beginning of the 21st century, France began producing a series of films explicitly intended for international markets, with action films representing a significant
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Anglophone action film scholarship has tended to emphasize bigger budget
American action films, with academics tending to find films that fall out of Hollywood productions as not quite fitting definitions of the genre. By 2024, many national and regional industries were known for action films. These
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and
Agnieszka Soltysik Monnet said that the difference between these concepts are elusive, but stated that genre could be defined as belonging to specific historical and cultural moments while "mode" and "form" can refer to a larger pattern that operates across a wider historical and cultural field.
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which had several genres attached to it, but featured several martial arts sequences. By the end of the 1970s, the style was an established genre in
American cinema, often featuring tough heroic characters who would fight and not think about their actions until after a fight sequence. In the 1980s,
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series are permitted to visibly sweat, strain and be bloodied, Purse found a reluctance for filmmakers to have their female leads have any appearance warping injuries to ensure a perfectly made-up face. Comedy is often used in films of this period to place the female leads in implausible elements,
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The first Chinese-language martial arts films can be traced to Shanghai cinema of the late 1920s. These films were popular during the period, which comprised almost 60% of the total Chinese films. Man-Fung Yip stated that these film were "rather tame" by contemporary standards. He wrote that they
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discourse about choice, power and sexuality. Marc O'Day interprets the action heroine's dual status of an active subject and sexual object was overturning the traditional gender binary because the films "assume that women are powerful" without resorting to justify her physical aggression through
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allowed South Koreans to substitute deferred travel beyond the border through films with locations shot in Hong Kong. While melodrama and comedy were stapples in South Korean cinema, most action films were sporadic and tied to the use of locations such as Hong Kong. These films often featured
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series. Tasker wrote that despite the central characters in superhero cinema being extraordinary, occasionally even God-like, they often followed the traces of the central character becoming powerful of which is fundamental to action films, often dealt with origin stories in superhero films.
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A vibrant debate exists about whether hypersexualization is itself empowering and, if not, whether a hypersexualized female character can still represent strength and autonomy. Hypersexualized female action leads had tight fitting or revealing costumes that Tasker identified as "exaggerated
1761:(1997) involving men who gain confidence and achieve personal growth as they embark on journeys to protect national state and meet devastating ends. South Korean cinema only received international attention in both art film and blockbuster formats towards the end of the 1990s. Films such as
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echoed that these films were typified by "excessive spectacle" as a "desperate attempt to mask the lack of content." Geoff King argued that the spectacle can also be a vehicle for narrative, opposed to interfering with it. Soberson stated that Harvey O'Brien had "perhaps the most convincing
1785:(1999) received commercial releases in North America, Asia, and Europe. The success of the latter two films was unprecedented, and was followed by other South Korean action films in the early 2000s reaching the top of the local box office. These South Korean films mimic some traits of the
220:(2024), Tasker, Lisa Purse, and Chris Holmlund stated that thinking of action as a mode is more helpful than thinking of it as a genre. The three authors suggested that action frames a certain manner of filmmaking and viewing exceed genre without eclipsing it stating that websites such as
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Action films often interface with other genres. Tasker wrote that films are often labelled action thrillers, action-fantasy and action-adventure films with different nuances. Tasker later discussed that the term action film genre and adventure are often used in hybrid, and are even used
2448:(2005) did showcase women having expensive cars, clothing, travel, homes and often high-paying jobs, but that this was only shown as being applicable to white middle-class women. Purse found that these women were empowered at the price of women of other ethnicities. This is seen in
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which has two meanings: the physical effort required to completing a task and the abilities and skills acquired over time. Films from the period reflected on the cultural and social climate from the period, as seen in invoking Japanese or Wester imperialist forces as foils.
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that Hollywood action films are both one of the most popular and popularly derided of contemporary cinema genres, stating that "in mainstream discourse, the genre is regularly lambasted for favoring spectacle over finely tuned narrative." Bordwell echoed this in his book,
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that action films are both one of the most popular and popularly derided of contemporary cinema genres, stating that "in mainstream discourse, the genre is regularly lambasted for favoring spectacle over finely tuned narrative." Bordwell echoed this in his book,
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500:. The popularity of kung fu films and Bruce Lee led to attract a global audience of these films in the United States and Europe, but was cut short on Lee's death in 1973 leading the phases popularity to decline. Following a period of stagnation, Chang Cheh and
550:
which again revitalized the swordplay styled films. By the turn of the century Hollywood action films would look towards Hong Kong cinema and bringing some of their major actors and directors over to apply their style to their films, such as Chan, Woo, Li,
1712:("living theatre") was a term that indicated plays and films driven by action scenes, while this term has not been used regularly since the late 1970s, with "action movie" becoming the more familiar term. The Korean action films came from Japanese cinema,
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1523:(1975). The box office success of these films made Bachchan a star and spawned the "angry young man" film in Bollywood cinema. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the action genre film declined considerably with new films predominantly featuring former
208:(2015), she found that the most broadly consistent themes tend to be a characters quest from freedom from oppression such as a hero overcoming enemies or obstacles and physical conflicts or challenge, usually battling other humans or alien opponents.
64:
suggested they were films that favor spectacle to storytelling, others such as Geoff King stated they allow the scenes of spectacle to be attuned to story telling. Action films are often hybrid with other genres, mixing into various forms ranging to
960:(2013) said that categorization of multiple generic genre labels was common in film reviews who are rarely concerned with succinct descriptions that evoke elements of the film's form, content and make no claims beyond on how these elements combine.
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1153:
action films that first were made in the late 1980s in the United States were martial arts films. Towards the end of the 1990s, production of low-budget marital arts films declined as no new stars in the genre developed and older actors such as
1844:
magazine conducted a poll with fifty experts in the field of action cinema, including actors, critics, filmmakers and stuntmen. Out of the 101 films ranked in the poll, the following films were voted the top ten best action films of all time.
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sub-genre at beginning of the decade and moved beyond the swordplay films with contemporary settings of late Qing or early Republican periods and had more hand-to-hand combat over supernatural swordplay and special effects. A new studio,
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In the 1990s, the country's national cinema was in decline leading to Hong Kong gangster films filled in this void leading to large commercial success at the national box office. Early Korean heirs to Hong Kong action films include
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briefly allowed an influx of Hong Kong films to Japan, but the trend did not last, with 28 Hong Kong films, mostly kung fu films, being released in 1974, and the number decreasing to five in 1975, four in 1977 and only two in 1978.
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Heroic Bloodshed is a that originates with English-language Hong Kong action and crime film fan communities in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Author Bey Logan stated that the term was coined by Rick Baker, in the British fanzine
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interchangeably. Along with Holmund and Purse, Tasker wrote that the action films expansiveness complicates easy categorization and though the genre is often spoken of as singular genre, it is rarely discussed as singular style.
737:(1971). O'Brien described these films as emphasizing "the fusion of man and machine" with the drivers and vehicles acting as one, concluding with what he described as "the ultimate in apocalyptic modernity and social erasure" in
165:
understanding of the genre", stating that the action film was "best understood as a fusion of form and content. It represents the idea and ethic of action through a form in which action, agitation and movement are paramount."
2381:. These series like their television series earlier, had their leads eroticized as active and physically capable while also being scantily-clad, hyper-feminized similar to the woman of exploitation films of the 1970s such as
1391:(2015) derived from Australia's long-standing cinematic fascination with the road and cars and a history of cultural anxiety towards a bleak and forbidding outback landscape opposed to the optimism of American action films.
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Postcolonial Hong Kong cinema has struggled to maintain its international identity as a provider of these types action films because the talents involved had abandoned the Hong Kong film industry after the handover in 1997.
627:. Antong Chen, in his study on the Hong Kong action film, wrote that the influence of China and the amount of Chinese co-productions made with Hong Kong created a shift in these films, particularly following the release of
709:(1974) where the restoration of order is only possible by force and anti-social characters prepared to act when society does not. The vigilantism reappears in other films that were exploitative of southern society such as
693:(1968) where a tough police officer protects society by upholding the law against systematic corruption. This extended into films which O'Brien described as "knee-jerk responses" to perceived threats with rogue cop and
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1325:
At the turn of the millennium, Australian genre films have gained increasing acceptance in the Australian feature film industry, while the action genre represented a small percentage of its output in the 21st century.
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due to the influx of Shanghai film talent in the postwar period. These films were targeted at the more educated and more refined middle-class audiences who saw themselves as above the contemporary martial arts films.
59:
that predominantly features chase sequences, fights, shootouts, explosions, and stunt work. The specifics of what constitutes an action film has been in scholarly debate since the 1980s. While some scholars such as
1620:(2022) was among the highest budgeted films made in India, and became a rare hit film outside of Indian diaspora, where it broke box office records in Japan and performed exceptionally well in American box office.
1175:
While the American styled-films were predominantly made in the United States, productions were also made in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong and South Africa, and were predominantly shot in the English-language.
1541:. Khan reinvented his screen persona with that of his image in the Bollywood press who reported on him in the headlines of Bollywood magazines for his public brawls and affairs with leading actresses. In
794:
and Westerns, and are built around a three-act structure centered on survival, resistance and revenge with narratives where the physical body of the hero is tested, traumatized and ultimately triumphant.
211:
By late 2010s studies of genre analysis, the term "genre" itself is often replaced or supplemented with the words "mode" and "narrative form" with all three terms often being used interchangeably.
1149:. The genre would shift from theatrical releases towards the end of the decade with the rise of home video, the lower box-office of American martial arts productions, and a significant portion of
830:(1998). Action films of mass destruction began requiring more overtly super heroic characters with further comic book adaptations being made with increased non-realistic settings with films like
802:
from the classical era, through the convention of the increasingly computer generated effects. This saw the decline of overt masculinity in the action film which corresponded with the end of the
1329:
Scholars of Australian genre film generally used the term "action-adventure" which allows them to apply it to various forms of narratives such as tongue in cheek heroic posturing stories like
971:
that "the lines that separate on genre from another have continued to disintegrate." Tasker said that most post-classical action films are hybrids, drawing from genres as varied as war films,
100:. These genres were followed by what is referred to as the "classical period" in the 1980s. This was followed by the post-classical era where American action films were influenced by
1675:(2000), said in 2004 that he grew frustrated with the Japanese film industry as producers felt they couldn't make action films in competition with Hong Kong or American productions.
367:. Yip continued that these Hong Kong films were still lagging behind in aesthetic and technical standards that films from the United States, Europe and Japan had during this period.
782:(1987)). O'Brien noted that the formative trends at this point had become "identifiably generic" as film industries began to reproduced these films during the decade producers like
1094:, the kung fu film primarily focuses on fighting on the ground. While heroes in kung fu films often display chivalry, they generally hail from different fighting schools, namely
1027:
that there is no satisfactory English translation of the term, with it often being identified as "the swordplay film" in critical studies. It is derived from the Chinese words
80:
While the term "action film" or "action adventure film" has been used as early as the 1910s, the contemporary definition usually refers to a film that came with the arrival of
1202:, literally meaning "hero films". Academic Laikwan Pang asserts that these gangster films appeared at a time when Hong Kong citizens felt particularly powerless with the
790:
began to formulate production of these films with both high and low budgets. The action films of this era have roots in classical story telling, specifically rooted from
764:(1985)). Following the continuity of the car and man hybrid of the previous decade, the 1980s featured weaponized men with who were either also carrying weapons such as
1446:(2001) stated that "Hollywood ownership of certain elements must be challenged, in order to show that these elements have also long been present in European culture."
1122:(1967) which was predominantly a drama, interspersed with martial arts scenes. American martial arts films predominantly came into production following the release of
4201:
Bould, Mark (2013). "Genre, Hybridity, Heterogeneity or the Noir-SF-Vampire-Zombie-Splatter-Romance-Comedy-Action-Thriller Problem". In Spicer, A.; Hanson, H (eds.).
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1365:(1979) when financial incentives were available for overtly commercial projects. She commented that action films did tell identifiably Australian stories such as the
956:/action" or an "action/crime" or other hybrids was "only a semantic exercise" as both genres are important in the construction phase of the narrative. Mark Bould in
1116:
films with more realism and are often low-budget productions. Martial arts began routinely appearing in fight scenes in American films in the 1960s with films like
4149:
2316:(2006) after the mid-90s as "exaggerated statements of sexuality" in the tradition of "fetishistic figure of fantasy" drawn from comics and softcore pornography.
4825:
Soberson, Lennart (Spring 2021). "The Ultimate Ride: A Comparative Narrative Analysis of Action Sequences in 1980s and Contemporary Hollywood Action Cinema".
7511:
4787:
Shandilya, Krupa (2024). "Bollywood's New Action Cinema: The Woman-led Action Film and the Nation". In Holmlund, Chris; Purse, Lisa; Tasker, Yvonne (eds.).
184:(1988), that while both were mainstream Hollywood blockbusters with hero asserting masculinity and overcoming obstacles to a personal and social solution,
4942:
Van Den Troost, Kristof (Summer 2024). "Registers of the Melodramatic Mode: The 1980s Heroic Bloodshed Cycle in the History of the Hong Kong Crime Film".
4863:
Srinivas, S.V. (2005). "Hong Kong Action Film and the Career of the Telugu Mass Hero". In Morris, Meaghan; Li, Siu Leung; Ching-kiu, Stephen Chan (eds.).
2414:(2006). The fighting styles of women also tend towards more traditionally feminine fluid movements of martial arts, over using guns or directly punching.
812:(1993). O'Brien described this era as being soft where the hard bodies of the classical era were replaced with computer generated imagery such as that of
1789:, such melodramatic male bonding and marginalized women characters, while the Korean films also have greater elements of tragedy and romance emphasized.
1582:
who stated he wanted to become an actor after watching his first Bruce Lee film. Several films in Telugu cinema were remakes of Hong Kong films, such as
1244:(1999). Korean media recognized the more fatalistic and pessimistic tone of these films, leading to Korean journalists to label the style as "Hong Kong
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6259:
4840:
Soyoung, Kim (2005). "Genre as Contact Zone: Hong Kong Action and Korean Hwalkuk". In Morris, Meaghan; Li, Siu Leung; Ching-kiu, Stephen Chan (eds.).
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The third shift in action cinema, the postclassical, was defined by the predominance of Eastern cinema and its aesthetics, primarily the wire-work of
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1166:(2000) had negligible effects in American productions in either the direct-to-video field, or in similarly low-budgeted theatrical releases such as
746:
O'Brien described the classical form of action cinema to be the 1980s. The decade continued the trends of formative period with heroes as avengers (
330:
1224:(1986) make a record-breaking HK$ 34.7 million at the Hong Kong box office. The style of these films would influence American productions, such as
8026:
6446:
3886:
47:(1988). The film was released in the decade where the term action became its own unique genre routinely in terms of promotion and film reviews.
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The most commercially successful action films and franchise of the 21st century have been comic book adaptations, which commenced with the
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Violent female characters have been part of cinema since its early inception, with characters such as Kate Kelly brandishing a shotgun in
4574:
Martin, Daniel (2009). "Another Week, Another Johnnie To Film: The Marketing and Distribution of Postcolonial Hong Kong Action Cinema".
4416:
Kelso-Marsh, Caleb (2020). "East Asian Noir: Transnational Film Noir in Japan, Korea and Hong Kong". In Feng, Lin; Aston, James (eds.).
4312:
1708:
The action cinema of South Korea mostly existed on the margins of the film industry in South Korea. The genre was initially called the
1005:
and kung fu are genre-specific terms, while martial arts is a generic term to refer to several types of films containing martial arts.
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6264:
4660:
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4267:
4249:
4758:
Shandilya, Krupa (2014). "Of Enraged Shirts, Gyrating Gangsters and Farting Bullets: Salman Khan and the New Bollywood Action Film".
2290:(1990) who were physically muscular and or enacted more extreme violence that was usually reserve for male action leads. In her book
1132:(1974). Lott noted the two films would lead to the two subsequent styles of martial arts films in the United States, with films like
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1716:, and Hong Kong action cinema. As North Korea borders China, it block access to the continent from a South Korean perspective, the
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appears in cinema, featuring characters who act and transcend the law and social conventions. This appears initially in films like
363:
who first appeared in film in 1949. These films primarily on circuited within Hong Kong and Cantonese-speaking areas with Chinese
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7775:
496:
quickly became one of independent filmmakers to grant creative freedom and pay and attracted new directors and actors, including
879:
re-actualization of the genre's conventions." The genre went into full circle resurrecting films from the classical period with
370:
Yip described Japanese cinema as the most advanced in Asia at the time. This was showcased by the international breakthrough of
7922:
7905:
7809:
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4968:(2005). "Action Cinema, Labour Power and the Video Market". In Morris, Meaghan; Li, Siu Leung; Ching-kiu, Stephen Chan (eds.).
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Chen, Antong (2022). "Hong Kong Action Films' Aesthetics of Violence: Its Social Environment and Decline in the 21st Century".
2444:
2353:
1112:
American martial arts films feature what author M. Ray Lott described as a more realistic style of violence over the Hong Kong
818:(1991). This was displayed in corresponding with corresponded with millennial angst and apocalypticism showcased in films like
475:, however his career was cut short following his untimely death in 1973, which lead to a decline in popularity for the artform.
2345:(1995–2001)). These series popularity demonstrated a growing market for female action film heroes, in films of the 2000s like
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in 2001, which suggested an end to fantastical elements that defined the action hero and genre. Following the release of
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to suggest action films being unique and not just a series of action sequences, stating that that the difference between
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Kendrick, James (2019). "A Genre of Its Own: From Westerns, to Vigilantes, to Pure Action". In Kendric, James (ed.).
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calmness and acceptance of Japanese samurai, a consistent criticism of Japanese people today." Kitamura followed up
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891:(2008) finding the characters navigating a contemporary world while also acknowledging their age, culminating into
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expanded on this topic, stating that action films have no clear and constant iconography or settings. In her book
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4482:""Hey 'Brother', You Can Count on Me": Misogynistic Masculinity and Bromance Genre in South Korean Action Cinema"
4310:
Higgins, Scott (Winter 2008). "Suspenseful Situations: Melodramatic Narrative and the Contemporary Action Film".
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narratives involving maternal drive, mental instability or trauma. Purse found that female leads in films like
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and horror films of the 1970s. Violent women were common in action films since the 1960s. These films featured
1978:
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and can be separated into four forms: the formative, the classical, the postclassical and neoclassical phases.
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statements of sexuality" and in the tradition of "fetishistic figure of fantasy" derives from comic books and
859:(2004) revisited the tropes of 1970s action films leading a renaissance of vengeance narratives in films like
623:
film series have their violence toned down, especially compared to the earlier work of directors like Woo and
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5224:
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2347:
2296:
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1995:
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1471:
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The Kung fu film emerged in the 1970s from the swordplay films. Its name is derived from the Cantonese term
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601:
581:
353:
316:
212:
174:
101:
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O'Day, Marc (2004). "Beauty in Motion: Gender, Spectacle and Action Babe Cinema". In Tasker, Yvonne (ed.).
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Purse wrote that the contemporary female action film lead's sexualized brand had her in close proximity of
1696:. Both released in 2003, the former was one of the highest-grossing movies of the year in Japan. Following
192:
repeatedly firing his automatic pistol while swinging from a high rise was not congruent with the image of
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1547:(2010), Khan continued with this public persona, which was repeated in several of his later films such as
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70:
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Harvey O'Brien wrote in 2012 that the contemporary action film emerged through other genres, primarily
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8135:
8053:
7994:
7868:
7797:
7696:
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7489:
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6855:
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5809:
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5038:
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972:
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607:
439:
109:
3872:
1827:
Tasker wrote that when action and adventure films secured awards, it is often in categories such as
1141:
American martial arts films reflected the national move towards conservatism, reflected in films of
400:
in the United States. The most internationally known films of this era were the films Kurosawa with
7969:
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7072:
7057:
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2430:
2424:
2077:
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2022:
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1628:
Japan was a difficult market for Hong Kong action cinema to break into. Prompted by the success of
1596:
1509:
902:
855:
849:
408:
396:
with an emphasis on sword fighting and action. It had a similar level of popularity to that of the
7702:
4328:; Soltysik Monnet, Agnieszka (December 2018). "Revisiting Adventure: Special Issue Introduction".
4287:""Hot, Black Leather, Whip": The (De)evolution of Female Protagonists in Action Cinema, 1960–2014"
4082:
2200:
youthful energy and defiance and by a propensity for violent action, identified with the films of
8140:
7603:
7523:
7447:
7333:
7323:
7117:
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6200:
5994:
5974:
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5515:
5436:
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5360:
5323:
5047:
5019:
4775:
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4087:
2359:
2312:
2187:
1713:
1671:
1640:
1533:
1420:
1387:
1298:
980:
908:
791:
456:
34:
7225:
6136:
4355:(2024). "Introduction: Action as Mode". In Holmlund, Chris; Purse, Lisa; Tasker, Yvonne (eds.).
2450:
200:
swinging his whip to fend off villains in the backstreets of Cairo. British author and academic
1824:, writing that the reception to the genre as being "the emblem of what Hollywood does worst."
1054:, the emphasis is on chivalry and righteousness and allows for phantasmagoric actions over the
605:(2005). Most Hong Kong action films in the first quarter of the 21st century, such as those in
138:, writing that the reception to the genre as being "the emblem of what Hollywood does worst."
7802:
7653:
7442:
7365:
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4992:
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4909:
4906:
4887:
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4811:
4792:
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4721:
4702:
4679:
4656:
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4601:
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4538:
4519:
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4443:
4421:
4402:
4383:
4364:
4339:
4271:
4245:
4209:
4187:
4112:
4067:
2259:
1549:
1371:
1220:
996:
887:
844:
613:
526:
4670:
Pang, Laikwan (2005). "Post-1997 Hong Kong Masculinity". In Pang, Laikwan; Wong, Day (eds.).
4378:
Howell, Amanda (2021). "The Action Genre and the 'International Turn' in Australian Cinema".
7673:
7663:
7573:
7501:
7484:
7479:
7400:
7328:
7194:
7189:
7179:
7174:
7122:
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6279:
6205:
6146:
6059:
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5738:
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5463:
5448:
5412:
5397:
5330:
5301:
5281:
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4767:
4495:
4296:
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2120:
2006:
1806:
1802:
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1751:
1630:
1500:
1459:
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1302:
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1254:
1185:
1168:
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808:
727:(1977). This era also emphasizes the car chase scenes as moments of spectacle in films like
629:
575:
516:
as martial arts films flourished into the 1980s. Other films again modernized the form with
393:
569:(2000) led to a Global release status of Chinese-language martial arts films, most notably
160:
wrote that audiences are "told that spectacle over rides narrative" in action cinema while
8172:
7623:
7548:
7538:
7533:
7518:
7427:
7370:
7164:
7082:
7077:
7007:
6942:
6862:
6735:
6730:
6703:
6599:
6397:
6360:
6306:
6299:
6252:
6126:
6096:
6009:
5969:
5964:
5897:
5843:
5828:
5748:
5723:
5718:
5656:
5574:
5564:
5525:
5441:
5365:
5291:
4440:
4206:
1943:
1721:
one-legged or otherwise handicapped action characters similar to those of Japanese films (
1666:
1437:
1314:
1306:
1150:
1118:
1101:
658:
463:
255:
7269:
7257:
4616:
806:
in 1991, while the rise of self-referential and parodies of this era grew in films like
8155:
7964:
7856:
7785:
7608:
7578:
7558:
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7420:
7405:
7350:
7308:
7262:
7147:
7102:
7092:
7067:
7022:
7012:
6790:
6770:
6740:
6725:
6683:
6648:
6606:
6594:
6589:
6554:
6382:
6353:
6242:
6227:
6171:
6026:
5984:
5495:
5311:
5202:
4175:
3882:
1954:
1938:
1883:
1828:
1815:
1399:
1377:
772:
694:
642:
591:
382:
371:
153:
129:
97:
61:
2454:(2005) where Sithandra dies protecting Aeon and Rain's death to make way for Alice in
2140:
1449:
The most significant producers of French action films with international ambitions is
8206:
7934:
7717:
7583:
7563:
7112:
7052:
7037:
6927:
6892:
6872:
6867:
6840:
6810:
6775:
6616:
6569:
6559:
6522:
6490:
6480:
6471:
6441:
6311:
6247:
6188:
6183:
6121:
6086:
6031:
5989:
5959:
5949:
5942:
5758:
5706:
5676:
5661:
5616:
5601:
5520:
5387:
5340:
5306:
5266:
5234:
5207:
5083:
4965:
4779:
4352:
4126:
2418:
2326:
2307:
2246:
2017:
1965:
1927:
1910:
1898:
1575:
1504:
1476:
1366:
1355:
1259:
1159:
939:
766:
748:
672:
662:
654:
556:
552:
517:
501:
472:
423:
402:
360:
201:
81:
7979:
7863:
7454:
7437:
7390:
7240:
7184:
6715:
6710:
6641:
6517:
6461:
6412:
6387:
6375:
6106:
5838:
5833:
5770:
5733:
5711:
5701:
5579:
5510:
5490:
5392:
5350:
5256:
5239:
4593:
2389:
2267:
2250:
2235:
2230:
2094:
2067:
2040:
2012:
1985:
1960:
1933:
1905:
1878:
1775:
1686:
1635:
1611:
1590:
1561:
1524:
1496:
1492:
1249:
1206:
from the United Kingdom to China set for 1997. The key directors of the genre were
1162:
started showing up in less and less films. Even internationally popular films like
1142:
1067:
1055:
984:
964:
933:
867:
586:
488:
397:
229:
185:
74:
2303:
668:
422:(or "new school martial arts fiction") coming into prominence with the success of
4771:
479:
In the 1970s, the Hong Kong martial arts films began to grow under the format of
7706:
7668:
7648:
7643:
7628:
7618:
7598:
7528:
7506:
7432:
7338:
7279:
7274:
7132:
6937:
6917:
6882:
6631:
6527:
6284:
6269:
6210:
6176:
5954:
5927:
5892:
5763:
5753:
5626:
5586:
5554:
5505:
5421:
5402:
5375:
5271:
5229:
5043:: making women warriors – a transnational reading of Asian female action heroes"
2500:
2477:
2266:
In the 1980s, a new symbolically transgressive character emerged in the form of
2061:
1990:
1645:
1538:
1514:
1426:
1336:
1230:
1225:
1126:(1973), with the only higher-budgeted American film to follow in its wake being
976:
872:
783:
699:
646:
570:
513:
93:
66:
7984:
7939:
7873:
7753:
7658:
7638:
7588:
7568:
7553:
7543:
7459:
7410:
7220:
7027:
6967:
6785:
6678:
6621:
6549:
6507:
6338:
6156:
6141:
6111:
6069:
6038:
5728:
5591:
5355:
5296:
5276:
5166:
2505:
2467:
2383:
2201:
1757:
1649:
1454:
1450:
1404:
1381:(1979) derived from Australia's social and cultural realities, as well as how
1361:
1240:
1235:
1146:
1128:
1096:
953:
949:
832:
711:
624:
596:
484:
56:
38:
4957:
4585:
4343:
4301:
4286:
1023:
film is the oldest genre in Chinese cinema. Stephen Teo wrote in his book on
17:
7469:
7415:
7313:
7252:
7245:
7087:
6982:
6932:
6653:
6539:
6402:
6348:
6151:
6074:
6064:
5937:
5932:
5547:
5542:
5532:
5458:
5431:
5407:
5345:
5318:
5261:
5065:
4558:
4462:
2254:
2241:
2034:
1798:
1567:
1531:
In 2009, the action genre was re-popularized with the box office success of
1270:
1215:
1211:
876:
739:
650:
537:
505:
497:
468:
388:
225:
114:
89:
43:
6131:
2218:(1906). Women traditionally appear in action films as romantic interests,
1353:(1982) being the most notorious. Smith had previously released films like
1248:". The influence of these films was evident in early Korean films such as
8130:
7355:
7017:
6912:
6698:
6688:
6636:
6326:
5785:
5537:
5214:
4127:"Oscar Nominee RRR: Why the Indian Action Spectacle is Charming the West"
2223:
2072:
1872:
1717:
1207:
803:
754:
684:
683:
The formative films would be from the 1960s to the early 1980s where the
521:
431:
376:
364:
228:
rarely label films by a single genre and that streaming services such as
180:
85:
2652:
2650:
7678:
7360:
7303:
6321:
4499:
1579:
1543:
1519:
1136:
about people who reveled in combat, often in a tournament setting, and
778:
689:
560:
509:
451:
414:
233:
30:
7633:
6830:
6755:
6407:
6343:
6316:
5979:
5792:
5646:
4481:
2219:
1414:
547:
88:
appearing in American films of the late 1960s and 1970s drawing from
4285:
Heldman, Caroline; Frankel, Laura Lazarus; Holmes, Jennifer (2016).
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
1436:(2005). Whan asked about the Americanization of these French films,
1035:
denoting chivalry, gallantry, and qualities of knighthood. The term
4083:"How the Indian Action Spectacular 'RRR' Became a Smash in America"
2667:
2665:
112:, a return to the early forms of the genre appeared in the wake of
8021:
7318:
6451:
6429:
6422:
6222:
2302:
2170:
1398:
1014:
667:
462:
29:
4970:
Hong Kong Connections: Transnational Imagination in Action Cinema
4865:
Hong Kong Connections: Transnational Imagination in Action Cinema
4842:
Hong Kong Connections: Transnational Imagination in Action Cinema
4150:"Heroic Bloodshed: How Hong Kong's Style Was Swiped By Hollywood"
2186:
Are female action heroes truly empowering? - Dan Hassler-Forest (
7749:
6370:
5163:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
2336:
1648:
as well as a spin-off with a female lead similar to Hong Kong's
221:
7721:
5136:
4598:
American Film Now: The People, The Power, The Money, the Movies
4459:
Spectacular Narratives: Hollywood in the Age of the Blockbuster
1403:
Luc Besson in 2014. Lisa Purse described Besson's France-based
969:
American Film Now: The People, The Power, The Money, the Movies
5132:
4131:
2135:
1616:
1479:
and made him an action film star, which led him to feature in
661:, saying that action films became a distinct genre during the
4225:
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research
1218:, with the starting point of the genre being traced to Woo's
963:
Film Studies began to engage generic hybridity in the 1970s.
386:
was at its height in Japan. The style was a sub-genre to the
4180:
The Way Hollywood Tells It: Story and Style in Modern Movies
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2912:
2910:
2897:
2895:
5016:
Action chicks: new images of tough women in popular culture
3602:
3600:
3598:
3534:
3532:
1700:, Kitamura's next directing work was in the United States.
508:'s series of darker swordplay films based on the novels of
236:
similarly dilutes what is marketed and received as action.
5060:
Osgerby, Bill; Gough-Yates, Anna; Wells, Marianne (2001).
4418:
Renegotiating Film Genres in East Asian Cinemas and Beyond
4041:
4039:
3963:
3961:
1293:
include international films such as Hindi, Tamil, Telugu,
1198:
In the Chinese language, the term used for these films is
3803:
3801:
2567:
2565:
2563:
1638:
made their own Bruce Lee-styled martial arts films, with
5088:
Spectacular bodies: gender, genre, and the action cinema
3788:
3786:
3749:
3747:
3030:
3028:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2535:
2533:
2531:
5062:
Action TV: tough guys, smooth operators and foxy chicks
4014:
4012:
3924:
3922:
3573:
3571:
3411:
3409:
2550:
2548:
2152:
1797:
Most martial arts films made before the mid-1960s were
2656:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3315:
3313:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2637:
2635:
2325:. This originated in television with characters like
2310:
identified action film heroines, such as the lead in
1407:
the most significant producer of French action films.
1039:
entered into popular culture in the serialization of
875:
takes on the themes that rescinded irony to restore "
504:
revitalized the genre with shaolin kung fu films and
446:) martial arts swordplay films such as Xu Zenghong's
3913:
3438:
3436:
3264:
3262:
3177:
3175:
2249:
women exacting revenge. Films of the 1970s featured
483:("staunch masculinity") mostly through the films of
7290:
7208:
6801:
6047:
5173:
3842:
3840:
3490:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3058:
2822:
2820:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2721:
2719:
2706:
2704:
2671:
4554:"Ryuhei Kitamura Interview: Directing with Napalm"
1594:(1992). Other films such as the martial arts film
871:(2008). O'Brien found that Tarantino's films were
4105:Action/Spectacle Cinema: A Sight and Sound Reader
3871:Rothkopf, Joshua; Semlyen, Phil (21 March 2022).
2233:would appear in other genres as well such as the
1684:with two manga-inspired big-budget action films,
1499:action film consolidated with two films starring
4925:Chinese Martial Arts Cinema: The Wuxia Tradition
536:(1989)) and the Wong Fei Hung saga returning in
487:which were popular. This transition led to the
3400:
1600:(2001), borrows from American cinema with the
27:Film genre featuring chases, fights and stunts
7733:
5148:
3502:
1578:have invoked Hong Kong action films, such as
1031:denoting militarist or martial qualities and
324:
8:
1528:protagonist seeks revenge through violence.
4989:Martial Arts Cinema and Hong Kong Modernity
4716:Ryan, Mark David; McWilliam, Kelly (2021).
3466:
3454:
2983:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2901:
2626:
1491:The action film genre has been a staple of
471:(pictured) attracted a global audience for
7740:
7726:
7718:
5155:
5141:
5133:
4927:(2 ed.). Edinburgh University Press.
4634:Action Movies: The Cinema of Striking Back
1847:
1375:(1974) and Miller's post-apocalyptic film
657:reiterated this in her book on action and
331:
317:
243:
170:Action Movies: The Cinema of Striking Back
4399:Hollywood Action Films and Spatial Theory
4300:
4030:
3630:
3618:
3606:
3589:
2496:List of female action heroes and villains
1574:From the 1980s, generations of actors in
4808:Historical Dictionary of Japanese Cinema
3873:"The 101 Best Action Movies of All Time"
3654:
3642:
2695:
2590:
2571:
2539:
952:expanded on this, describing a film as "
721:(1973) and "good ol' boy" comedies like
5048:Jump Cut:A Review of Contemporary Media
4903:The Hollywood Action and Adventure Film
3807:
3792:
3777:
3765:
3753:
3727:Directory of World Cinema: Japan 3 2015
3703:Directory of World Cinema: Japan 3 2015
2554:
2527:
2393:(1974). While characters like Frank in
839:The fourth phase arrived following the
262:
246:
206:The Hollywood Action and Adventure Film
3858:
3738:
3678:
3523:
3478:
3106:
3046:
3034:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2768:
2756:
2641:
1048: Legend of the Strange Swordsmen
512:. Kung Fu comedies appeared featuring
4045:
4018:
4003:
3991:
3979:
3967:
3952:
3940:
3928:
3577:
3562:
3550:
3538:
3442:
3415:
3094:
3082:
3070:
2602:
7:
4552:Macias, Patrick (January 30, 2008).
3846:
3831:
3427:
3379:
3367:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3319:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3253:
3241:
3229:
2886:
2874:
2614:
906:and is seen in other series such as
380:(1950). The film genre known as the
4292:Sexualization, Media, & Society
4264:Film Genre 2000:New Critical Essays
3819:
3714:
3690:
3217:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3166:
3149:
3137:
3125:
2862:
2850:
2838:
2826:
2811:
2792:
2780:
2744:
2725:
2710:
2683:
1339:or bush/outback films. In the book
1044:
776:(1985)) or imbued with technology (
7495:List of American independent films
4672:Masculinities and Hong Kong Cinema
4268:State University of New York Press
4064:Directory of World Cinema: Japan 3
3914:Heldman, Frankel & Holmes 2016
2657:Höglund & Soltysik Monnet 2018
2284:(1991) and the title character in
168:O'Brien wrote further in his book
25:
4238:The South Korean Film Renaissance
3491:Holmlund, Purse & Tasker 2024
3059:Holmlund, Purse & Tasker 2024
2672:Holmlund, Purse & Tasker 2024
1729:). These included Im Kwon-taek's
1634:and the popularity of Bruce Lee,
1082:The kung fu film came out of the
7701:
7692:
7691:
4537:. McFarland & Company, Inc.
4081:Abrams, Simon (August 3, 2022).
2470:
2139:
1483:series by the end of the 2010s.
1475:franchise starred British actor
1001:In Chinese-language films, both
758:(1988)) and mercenary warriors (
752:(1987)), rogue police officers (
254:
4737:Film Genre for the Screenwriter
4653:The Action and Adventure Cinema
3889:from the original on 2020-08-28
1813:Scott Higgins wrote in 2008 in
1805:films were an integral part of
770:(1983), trained to be weapons (
127:Scott Higgins wrote in 2008 in
5112:Taylor, John (April 1, 1991).
5090:. London New York: Routledge.
5041:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
4991:. Hong Kong University Press.
4972:. Hong Kong University Press.
4867:. Hong Kong University Press.
4535:The American Martial Arts Film
4487:The Journal of Popular Culture
4437:A Companion to the Action Film
4351:Holmlund, Chris; Purse, Lisa;
4184:University of California Press
4148:Bitel, Anton (July 10, 2019).
1164:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
786:and production companies like
566:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
1:
5114:"Hollywood's New Action Toys"
5014:Inness, Sherrie, ed. (2004).
2491:List of action film directors
1644:and its two sequels starring
1412:portion. These films include
1086:films. In comparison to the
1058:'s more ground-based combat.
4882:Tasker, Yvonne, ed. (2004).
4772:10.1080/14746689.2014.937579
4480:Kwon, Jungmin (April 2023).
2516:List of female action heroes
1801:productions. In comparison,
1469:(2010). EuropaCorp produced
1258:(1990) and later films such
442:a campaign of "new school" (
4907:John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
4884:Action and Adventure Cinema
4760:South Asian Popular Culture
4600:. Oxford University Press.
4580:. Vol. 7, no. 4.
2215:The Story of the Kelly Gang
1108:American-styled productions
8264:
7386:Classical Hollywood cinema
6575:Commedia sexy all'italiana
5483:Exploitation film template
5427:Commedia sexy all'italiana
4846:Hong Kong University Press
4699:Edinburgh University Press
4695:Contemporary Action Cinema
4676:Hong Kong University Press
4331:Journal of Popular Culture
2486:List of action film actors
2292:Contemporary Action Cinema
2281:Terminator 2: Judgment Day
2089:Terminator 2: Judgment Day
1822:The Way Hollywood Tells It
1737:(1970) and Lee Doo-yong's
1457:, who released films like
1297:, South Korean, Japanese,
1183:
1065:
1012:
994:
948:Screenwriter and academic
937:
931:
815:Terminator 2: Judgment Day
351:
158:The Way Hollywood Tells It
136:The Way Hollywood Tells It
106:computer generated imagery
7761:
7687:
6953:German underground horror
6908:Documentary Film Movement
6816:American eccentric cinema
5037:Kim, L.S. (Winter 2006).
4828:Journal of Film and Video
4791:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
4615:Mes, Tom (May 17, 2004).
4441:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
4242:Wesleyan University Press
4207:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
4066:. Intellect Books. 2015.
3726:
3702:
3503:Ryan & McWilliam 2021
1588:(1994) which is based on
1145:and other actors such as
543:Once Upon a Time in China
149:Journal of Film and Video
104:and the growing using of
4789:Action Cinema Since 2000
4632:O'Brien, Harvey (2012).
4357:Action Cinema Since 2000
4302:10.1177/2374623815627789
4203:A Companion to Film Noir
3666:
2332:Buffy the Vampire Slayer
1773:(2000) and action films
1731:Returned Left-Handed Man
958:A Companion to Film Noir
218:Action Cinema Since 2000
6888:Cinema of Transgression
6022:Cinema of Transgression
4901:Tasker, Yvonne (2015).
4806:Sharpe, Jasper (2011).
4516:Hong Kong Action Cinema
2369:(2010) and series like
2348:Lara Croft: Tomb Raider
2297:The Long Kiss Goodnight
2132:Gender in action cinema
2112:Raiders of the Lost Ark
1787:Hong Kong action cinema
1739:Returned One-Legged Man
1733:(1968), Aekkunun Bak's
1727:The One-Armed Swordsmen
1725:) and Hong Kong films (
1443:Brotherhood of the Wolf
800:Hong Kong action cinema
582:House of Flying Daggers
448:Temple of the Red Lotus
354:Hong Kong action cinema
175:Raiders of the Lost Ark
108:in film. Following the
102:Hong Kong action cinema
7108:The Prague film school
6973:Hollywood on the Tiber
4987:Yip, Man-Fung (2017).
4518:. The Overlook Press.
4420:. Palgrave MacMillan.
4155:British Film Institute
4109:British Film Institute
2411:My Super Ex-Girlfriend
2342:Xena: Warrior Princess
2317:
2226:to male protagonists.
2191:
1835:Acclaimed action films
1408:
1288:Regional action cinema
788:The Cannon Group, Inc.
680:
637:Hollywood action films
476:
348:Hong Kong action films
48:
6963:Grupo Cine Liberación
6903:Czechoslovak New Wave
6898:Commedia all'italiana
5245:Commedia all'italiana
4923:Teo, Stephen (2016).
4718:Australian Genre Film
4533:Lott, M. Ray (2004).
4380:Australian Genre Film
4361:Bloomsbury Publishing
4236:Choi, Jinhee (2011).
4103:Arroyo, Jose (2000).
2511:Lists of action films
2306:
2185:
1807:Hong Kong cinema
1655:Sister Street Fighter
1602:Jean-Claude Van Damme
1402:
1345:Brian Trenchard-Smith
1341:Australian Genre Film
1204:handover of Hong Kong
882:Live Free or Die Hard
734:The French Connection
724:Smokey and the Bandit
671:
665:period of the 1970s.
466:
420:xinpai wuxia xiaoshuo
162:Wheeler Winston Dixon
71:science fiction films
33:
7490:Guerrilla filmmaking
7153:Kitchen sink realism
7038:New French Extremity
6948:German Expressionist
6856:Kitchen sink realism
6721:Contemporary Western
6501:Environmental issues
6032:New French Extremity
5990:New French Extremity
5815:Softcore pornography
5810:Hardcore pornography
5677:New French Extremity
4741:Taylor & Francis
4735:Selbo, Jule (2014).
4693:Purse, Lisa (2011).
4636:. Wallflower Press.
4457:King, Geoff (2000).
4397:Jones, Nick (2015).
2445:Mr. & Mrs. Smith
1495:. In the 1970s, the
1466:From Paris with Love
841:September 11 attacks
110:September 11 attacks
7226:Children and family
7200:Yugoslav Black Wave
7073:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
6958:Nigerian Golden Age
6923:European art cinema
6826:Australian New Wave
5064:. London New York:
4810:. Scarecrow Press.
4514:Logan, Bey (1995).
3621:, pp. 163–164.
3553:, pp. 172–173.
3541:, pp. 173–174.
3401:Van Den Troost 2024
3073:, pp. 229–232.
1831:and sound editing.
1041:Jinaghu qixia zhuan
856:Kill Bill: Volume 2
850:Kill Bill: Volume 1
409:The Hidden Fortress
7776:Mixed martial arts
7524:Major film studios
7118:Pure Film Movement
7098:Polish Film School
6998:Italian neorealist
6978:Hong Kong New Wave
6580:Mexican sex comedy
5637:German underground
5020:Palgrave Macmillan
4577:Film International
4500:10.1111/jpcu.13188
4162:on August 31, 2021
4135:. January 24, 2023
4088:The New York Times
3657:, p. 112-113.
2318:
2192:
2188:Utrecht University
2151:. You can help by
1799:Cantonese-language
1641:The Street Fighter
1421:Kiss of the Dragon
1409:
1388:Mad Max: Fury Road
792:martial arts films
681:
675:in 1968, the year
477:
467:The popularity of
457:Come Drink with Me
428:Longhu Dou Jinghua
49:
35:Sylvester Stallone
8200:
8199:
8099:Extraterrestrials
7923:Sword and sorcery
7715:
7714:
7654:Socialist realist
7366:Behind-the-scenes
7143:Socialist realist
7138:Spaghetti Western
7128:Romanian New Wave
7003:Japanese New Wave
6669:Sword and sorcery
6585:Nazi exploitation
6167:Mumbai underworld
5923:Planetary romance
5119:New York Magazine
5097:978-0-203-22184-6
5075:978-0-415-22621-9
5029:978-1-4039-6396-3
4998:978-988-8390-71-7
4934:978-1-4744-0386-3
4915:978-0-470-65924-3
4817:978-0-8108-7541-8
4750:978-1-317-69568-4
4708:978-0-7486-3817-8
4643:978-0-231-16331-6
4617:"Ryuhei Kitamura"
4427:978-3-030-55076-9
4260:Dixon, Wheeler W.
4073:978-1-78320-403-8
4048:, pp. 82–83.
3970:, pp. 78–79.
3430:, pp. 35–37.
2931:, pp. 13–14.
2335:(1997–2003)) and
2183:
2169:
2168:
2129:
2128:
1803:Mandarin-language
1747:Rules of The Game
1714:James Bond series
1658:. The success of
1265:A Better Tomorrow
1221:A Better Tomorrow
997:Martial arts film
991:Martial arts film
967:wrote in 1979 in
845:Quentin Tarantino
559:. The release of
527:A Better Tomorrow
436:Shujian enchou lu
341:
340:
16:(Redirected from
8255:
7742:
7735:
7728:
7719:
7705:
7695:
7694:
7674:Vulgar auteurism
7502:Interstitial art
7480:Hyperlink cinema
7195:Vulgar auteurism
7190:Toronto New Wave
7180:Telefoni Bianchi
7175:Sword-and-sandal
6993:Italian futurist
6988:Iranian New Wave
6851:British New Wave
6664:Sword-and-sandal
6545:Rape and revenge
6486:Mouth of Garbage
6332:Tentacle erotica
6280:Goona-goona epic
6260:Extraterrestrial
6147:Heroic bloodshed
5781:Occult detective
5612:Christmas horror
5464:Sword-and-sandal
5196:Hong Kong action
5191:Heroic bloodshed
5157:
5150:
5143:
5134:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5101:
5079:
5056:
5033:
5002:
4983:
4961:
4938:
4919:
4897:
4878:
4859:
4836:
4821:
4802:
4783:
4754:
4731:
4712:
4689:
4666:
4647:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4611:
4589:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4548:
4529:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4476:
4453:
4431:
4412:
4393:
4374:
4347:
4321:
4306:
4304:
4281:
4255:
4232:
4219:
4197:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4158:. Archived from
4144:
4142:
4140:
4122:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4077:
4049:
4043:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3917:
3911:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3796:
3790:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3527:
3521:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3467:Kelso-Marsh 2020
3464:
3458:
3455:Kelso-Marsh 2020
3452:
3446:
3440:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3404:
3398:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3170:
3164:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2968:
2967:, p. 15-16.
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2905:
2899:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2815:
2809:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2729:
2723:
2714:
2708:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2660:
2654:
2645:
2639:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2575:
2569:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2537:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2440:Charlie's Angels
2400:Charlie's Angels
2354:Charlie's Angels
2323:soft pornography
2184:
2164:
2161:
2143:
2136:
2121:Steven Spielberg
2025:/ United States
2007:Enter the Dragon
1915:United States /
1848:
1660:Enter the Dragon
1631:Enter the Dragon
1537:(2009) starring
1501:Amitabh Bachchan
1493:Bollywood cinema
1453:'s France-based
1332:Crocodile Dundee
1186:Heroic bloodshed
1180:Heroic bloodshed
1169:Bulletproof Monk
1156:Cynthia Rothrock
1134:Enter the Dragon
1124:Enter the Dragon
1049:
1046:
821:Independence Day
809:Last Action Hero
630:Infernal Affairs
333:
326:
319:
258:
244:
84:and the rise of
21:
8263:
8262:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8254:
8253:
8252:
8203:
8202:
8201:
8196:
8079:Science fiction
8069:Romantic comedy
7757:
7746:
7716:
7711:
7683:
7624:Semidocumentary
7549:Minimalist film
7539:Message picture
7534:Maximalist film
7428:Database cinema
7411:Computer screen
7371:Black-and-white
7296:
7294:
7292:
7286:
7204:
7160:Soviet parallel
7083:Parallel cinema
7078:Pan-Indian film
7008:Kammerspielfilm
6943:French New Wave
6863:Budapest school
6846:Brighton School
6821:New Objectivity
6803:
6797:
6766:Science fiction
6398:Bruceploitation
6307:Girls with guns
6253:Turksploitation
6127:Gentleman thief
6043:
5878:Science fiction
5724:Minimalist film
5719:Maximalist film
5697:Science fiction
5657:Japanese horror
5454:Social guidance
5169:
5161:
5124:
5122:
5111:
5108:
5098:
5082:
5076:
5059:
5036:
5030:
5013:
5010:
5008:Further reading
5005:
4999:
4986:
4980:
4964:
4941:
4935:
4922:
4916:
4900:
4894:
4881:
4875:
4862:
4856:
4839:
4824:
4818:
4805:
4799:
4786:
4757:
4751:
4734:
4728:
4715:
4709:
4692:
4686:
4669:
4663:
4650:
4644:
4631:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4608:
4592:
4573:
4564:
4562:
4551:
4545:
4532:
4526:
4513:
4504:
4502:
4479:
4473:
4456:
4450:
4434:
4428:
4415:
4409:
4396:
4390:
4377:
4371:
4350:
4324:
4309:
4284:
4278:
4258:
4252:
4235:
4222:
4216:
4200:
4194:
4176:Bordwell, David
4174:
4165:
4163:
4147:
4138:
4136:
4125:
4119:
4102:
4093:
4091:
4080:
4074:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4044:
4037:
4029:
4025:
4017:
4010:
4002:
3998:
3990:
3986:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3939:
3935:
3927:
3920:
3912:
3901:
3892:
3890:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3838:
3830:
3826:
3818:
3814:
3806:
3799:
3791:
3784:
3776:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3752:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3725:
3721:
3713:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3677:
3673:
3665:
3661:
3653:
3649:
3641:
3637:
3629:
3625:
3617:
3613:
3605:
3596:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3537:
3530:
3522:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3489:
3485:
3477:
3473:
3465:
3461:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3434:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3407:
3399:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3366:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3330:
3326:
3318:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3291:
3287:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3248:
3240:
3236:
3232:, pp. 7–8.
3228:
3224:
3216:
3212:
3208:, pp. 4–5.
3204:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3173:
3165:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3113:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3037:, pp. 3–4.
3033:
3026:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2853:, pp. 8–9.
2849:
2845:
2841:, pp. 7–8.
2837:
2833:
2825:
2818:
2810:
2799:
2795:, pp. 6–7.
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2732:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2670:
2663:
2659:, p. 1302.
2655:
2648:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2578:
2570:
2561:
2553:
2546:
2538:
2529:
2524:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2395:The Transporter
2210:
2197:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2149:needs expansion
2134:
1837:
1795:
1782:Nowhere to Hide
1706:
1667:Ryuhei Kitamura
1626:
1489:
1481:The Expendables
1438:Christophe Gans
1397:
1323:
1317:action titles.
1290:
1234:(2003) and the
1214:, and producer
1188:
1182:
1151:direct-to-video
1119:The Born Losers
1110:
1070:
1064:
1047:
1017:
1011:
999:
993:
973:science fiction
942:
936:
930:
925:
894:The Expendables
718:White Lightning
695:vigilante films
659:adventure films
639:
620:The White Storm
356:
350:
337:
308:
242:
144:
142:Characteristics
121:The Expendables
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8261:
8259:
8251:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8205:
8204:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8192:
8187:
8177:
8176:
8175:
8170:
8160:
8159:
8158:
8153:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8127:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8030:
8029:
8024:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7998:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7942:
7937:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7915:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7877:
7876:
7866:
7861:
7860:
7859:
7854:
7844:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7827:
7825:Blaxploitation
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7800:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7747:
7745:
7744:
7737:
7730:
7722:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7709:
7699:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7609:Reverse motion
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7561:
7559:Modernist film
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7504:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7492:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7424:
7423:
7421:midnight movie
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7311:
7306:
7300:
7298:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7277:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7260:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7243:
7235:
7234:
7233:
7223:
7218:
7212:
7210:
7209:By demographic
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7148:Social realist
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7103:Poliziotteschi
7100:
7095:
7093:Poetic realist
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7048:New generation
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7023:Modernist film
7020:
7015:
7013:L.A. Rebellion
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6878:Cinéma du look
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6859:
6858:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6807:
6805:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6793:
6791:Zapata Western
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6771:Singing cowboy
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6726:Dacoit Western
6723:
6718:
6708:
6707:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6607:Shoshimin-eiga
6604:
6603:
6602:
6597:
6595:Nunsploitation
6592:
6590:Pornochanchada
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6363:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6265:Food and drink
6262:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6243:Blaxploitation
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6186:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6172:Poliziotteschi
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6051:
6049:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6027:Extreme cinema
6024:
6014:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5817:
5812:
5802:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5607:Chinese horror
5604:
5599:
5594:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5473:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5242:
5237:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5107:
5106:External links
5104:
5103:
5102:
5096:
5084:Tasker, Yvonne
5080:
5074:
5057:
5034:
5028:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4997:
4984:
4978:
4966:Willemen, Paul
4962:
4939:
4933:
4920:
4914:
4898:
4892:
4879:
4873:
4860:
4854:
4837:
4822:
4816:
4803:
4797:
4784:
4766:(2): 111–121.
4755:
4749:
4732:
4726:
4713:
4707:
4690:
4684:
4667:
4662:978-0415235075
4661:
4648:
4642:
4629:
4619:. Midnight Eye
4612:
4606:
4590:
4571:
4549:
4543:
4530:
4524:
4511:
4494:(2): 302–323.
4477:
4471:
4454:
4449:978-1119100492
4448:
4432:
4426:
4413:
4407:
4394:
4388:
4375:
4369:
4353:Tasker, Yvonne
4348:
4326:Höglund, Johan
4322:
4313:Cinema Journal
4307:
4282:
4276:
4256:
4251:978-0819569868
4250:
4233:
4220:
4214:
4198:
4192:
4172:
4145:
4123:
4117:
4100:
4078:
4072:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4035:
4033:, p. 215.
4023:
4008:
3996:
3984:
3972:
3957:
3945:
3933:
3918:
3899:
3883:Time Out Group
3863:
3851:
3836:
3824:
3822:, p. 170.
3812:
3810:, p. 103.
3797:
3782:
3780:, p. 101.
3770:
3768:, p. 100.
3758:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3693:, p. 166.
3683:
3671:
3659:
3647:
3645:, p. 112.
3635:
3633:, p. 113.
3631:Shandilya 2014
3623:
3619:Shandilya 2024
3611:
3609:, p. 112.
3607:Shandilya 2014
3594:
3592:, p. 163.
3590:Shandilya 2024
3582:
3580:, p. 174.
3567:
3565:, p. 173.
3555:
3543:
3528:
3507:
3495:
3483:
3471:
3459:
3447:
3432:
3420:
3418:, p. 126.
3405:
3403:, p. 234.
3384:
3372:
3370:, p. 206.
3360:
3358:, p. 200.
3348:
3346:, p. 199.
3336:
3334:, p. 101.
3324:
3309:
3297:
3285:
3273:
3258:
3246:
3234:
3222:
3210:
3198:
3186:
3171:
3154:
3142:
3130:
3111:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3024:
3022:, p. 180.
3012:
3010:, p. 182.
3000:
2998:, p. 179.
2988:
2969:
2957:
2945:
2933:
2921:
2906:
2891:
2889:, p. 120.
2879:
2877:, p. 118.
2867:
2855:
2843:
2831:
2816:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2747:, p. 157.
2730:
2715:
2700:
2698:, p. 226.
2688:
2686:, p. 147.
2676:
2661:
2646:
2631:
2619:
2607:
2595:
2576:
2574:, p. 104.
2559:
2544:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2465:
2462:
2405:Fantastic Four
2257:in films like
2253:women such as
2209:
2206:
2196:
2193:
2167:
2166:
2146:
2144:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:United States
2123:
2118:
2115:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2102:United States
2100:
2099:James Cameron
2097:
2092:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1970:United States
1968:
1963:
1958:
1955:The Wild Bunch
1951:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1939:Akira Kurosawa
1936:
1931:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:United Kingdom
1913:
1908:
1903:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1884:John McTiernan
1881:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1836:
1833:
1829:visual effects
1816:Cinema Journal
1794:
1791:
1705:
1702:
1669:, director of
1625:
1622:
1488:
1485:
1440:, director of
1396:
1393:
1369:'s biker film
1322:
1319:
1289:
1286:
1193:Eastern Heroes
1184:Main article:
1181:
1178:
1109:
1106:
1066:Main article:
1063:
1060:
1013:Main article:
1010:
1007:
995:Main article:
992:
989:
932:Main article:
929:
926:
924:
921:
773:American Ninja
638:
635:
592:Kung Fu Hustle
518:gangster films
494:Golden Harvest
374:'s films like
372:Akira Kurosawa
352:Main article:
349:
346:
339:
338:
336:
335:
328:
321:
313:
310:
309:
307:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
270:
267:
266:
260:
259:
251:
250:
241:
238:
216:In their book
154:David Bordwell
143:
140:
130:Cinema Journal
62:David Bordwell
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8260:
8249:
8248:2010s in film
8246:
8244:
8243:2000s in film
8241:
8239:
8238:1990s in film
8236:
8234:
8233:1980s in film
8231:
8229:
8228:1970s in film
8226:
8224:
8223:1960s in film
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8181:
8178:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8165:
8164:
8161:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8114:Sci-fi horror
8112:
8110:
8109:Sci-fi comedy
8107:
8105:
8104:Sci-fi action
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8028:
8027:Giant-monster
8025:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7945:Comedy horror
7943:
7941:
7938:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7931:
7928:
7924:
7921:
7920:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7875:
7872:
7871:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7849:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7836:
7833:
7832:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7795:
7794:
7791:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7760:
7755:
7751:
7743:
7738:
7736:
7731:
7729:
7724:
7723:
7720:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7698:
7690:
7689:
7686:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7604:Postmodernist
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7594:Participatory
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7564:Musical short
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7475:Found footage
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7449:
7446:
7445:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7381:Cinéma vérité
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7297:or production
7289:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7271:
7268:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7254:
7251:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7207:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7154:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7113:Prussian film
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7058:New Nollywood
7056:
7054:
7053:New Hollywood
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6873:Cannibal boom
6871:
6869:
6868:Calligrafismo
6866:
6864:
6861:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6836:Berlin School
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6800:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6786:Weird Western
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6617:Slice of life
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6570:Bavarian porn
6568:
6567:
6566:
6565:Sexploitation
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6523:Partisan film
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6491:Muslim social
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6473:
6472:Zombie comedy
6470:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6447:Giant monster
6445:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6248:Mexploitation
6246:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6102:Coming-of-age
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6017:Transgressive
6015:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
6000:Psychological
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5950:Slice of life
5948:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5822:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5791:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5687:Psychological
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5662:Korean horror
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5632:Found footage
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5521:Magic realism
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5437:Sexploitation
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5388:Calligrafismo
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5341:City symphony
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5158:
5153:
5151:
5146:
5144:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5000:
4994:
4990:
4985:
4981:
4979:1-932643-19-2
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4940:
4936:
4930:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4893:0-203-64515-4
4889:
4886:. Routledge.
4885:
4880:
4876:
4874:1-932643-19-2
4870:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4855:1-932643-19-2
4851:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4823:
4819:
4813:
4809:
4804:
4800:
4798:9781839022784
4794:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4727:9780429469121
4723:
4720:. Routledge.
4719:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4691:
4687:
4685:962-209-737-5
4681:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4655:. Routledge.
4654:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4635:
4630:
4618:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4594:Monaco, James
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4572:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4544:0-7864-1836-2
4540:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4525:0-87951-663-1
4521:
4517:
4512:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4474:
4472:9781860645730
4468:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4408:9781138057050
4404:
4401:. Routledge.
4400:
4395:
4391:
4389:9780429469121
4385:
4382:. Routledge.
4381:
4376:
4372:
4370:9781839022784
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4215:9781444336276
4211:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4193:9780520246225
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4118:0-85170-757-2
4114:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4047:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4024:
4021:, p. 82.
4020:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4006:, p. 80.
4005:
4000:
3997:
3994:, p. 81.
3993:
3988:
3985:
3982:, p. 79.
3981:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3955:, p. 78.
3954:
3949:
3946:
3943:, p. 77.
3942:
3937:
3934:
3931:, p. 76.
3930:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3795:, p. 99.
3794:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3759:
3756:, p. 97.
3755:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3732:
3729:, p. 78.
3728:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3708:
3705:, p. 77.
3704:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3655:Srinivas 2005
3651:
3648:
3644:
3643:Srinivas 2005
3639:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3484:
3481:, p. 31.
3480:
3475:
3472:
3469:, p. 60.
3468:
3463:
3460:
3457:, p. 59.
3456:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3322:, p. 69.
3321:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3307:, p. 67.
3306:
3301:
3298:
3295:, p. 19.
3294:
3289:
3286:
3283:, p. 15.
3282:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3256:, p. 42.
3255:
3250:
3247:
3244:, p. 28.
3243:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3220:, p. 49.
3219:
3214:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3196:, p. 48.
3195:
3190:
3187:
3184:, p. 26.
3183:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3109:, p. 56.
3108:
3103:
3100:
3097:, p. 44.
3096:
3091:
3088:
3085:, p. 34.
3084:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3052:
3049:, p. 17.
3048:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2986:, p. 16.
2985:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2955:, p. 15.
2954:
2949:
2946:
2943:, p. 14.
2942:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2919:, p. 13.
2918:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2904:, p. 12.
2903:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2865:, pp. 9.
2864:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2829:, pp. 7.
2828:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2814:, pp. 8.
2813:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2786:
2783:, pp. 6.
2782:
2777:
2774:
2771:, p. 44.
2770:
2765:
2762:
2759:, p. 43.
2758:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2696:Willemen 2005
2692:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2593:, p. 19.
2592:
2591:Soberson 2021
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:Bordwell 2006
2568:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2557:, p. 74.
2556:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2542:, p. 36.
2541:
2540:Kendrick 2019
2536:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2457:Resident Evil
2453:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2420:
2419:post-feminism
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2378:Resident Evil
2374:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2327:Buffy Summers
2324:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2308:Yvonne Tasker
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2287:China O'Brien
2283:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2247:working-class
2244:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2236:femme fatales
2232:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2194:
2189:
2163:
2154:
2150:
2147:This section
2145:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2049:
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2046:George Miller
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:Robert Clouse
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:Sam Peckinpah
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
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1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1928:Seven Samurai
1925:
1922:
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1914:
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1911:James Cameron
1909:
1907:
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1897:
1894:
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1890:
1889:United States
1887:
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1599:
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1593:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:Hello Brother
1581:
1577:
1576:Telugu cinema
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1525:body builders
1522:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1505:Prakash Mehra
1502:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1484:
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1478:
1477:Jason Statham
1474:
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1401:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1383:George Miller
1380:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1367:Sandy Harbutt
1364:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1356:Deathcheaters
1352:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1313:, French and
1312:
1311:South African
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1260:Song Hae-sung
1257:
1256:
1255:General's Son
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1233:
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1227:
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1201:
1196:
1194:
1187:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1160:Steven Seagal
1157:
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1125:
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1115:
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988:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
946:
941:
940:Action comedy
935:
928:Hybrid genres
927:
922:
920:
917:
916:
911:
910:
905:
904:
898:
897:(2010) film.
896:
895:
890:
889:
884:
883:
878:
874:
870:
869:
864:
863:
862:The Brave One
858:
857:
852:
851:
846:
842:
837:
835:
834:
829:
828:
823:
822:
817:
816:
811:
810:
805:
801:
796:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:
775:
774:
769:
768:
767:Sudden Impact
763:
762:
757:
756:
751:
750:
749:Lethal Weapon
744:
742:
741:
736:
735:
730:
726:
725:
720:
719:
714:
713:
708:
707:
702:
701:
696:
692:
691:
686:
679:was released.
678:
674:
673:Steve McQueen
670:
666:
664:
663:New Hollywood
660:
656:
655:Yvonne Tasker
652:
648:
644:
636:
634:
632:
631:
626:
622:
621:
616:
615:
610:
609:
604:
603:
598:
594:
593:
588:
584:
583:
578:
577:
572:
568:
567:
562:
558:
557:Yuen Woo-Ping
554:
553:Michelle Yeoh
549:
545:
544:
539:
535:
534:
529:
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:Lau Kar-leung
499:
495:
490:
486:
482:
474:
473:kung fu films
470:
465:
461:
459:
458:
453:
449:
445:
441:
440:Shaw Brothers
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Liang Yusheng
421:
417:
416:
411:
410:
405:
404:
403:Seven Samurai
399:
395:
391:
390:
385:
384:
379:
378:
373:
368:
366:
362:
361:Wong Fei-hung
355:
347:
345:
334:
329:
327:
322:
320:
315:
314:
312:
311:
305:
302:
300:
297:
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265:
261:
257:
253:
252:
249:
245:
239:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
213:Johan Höglund
209:
207:
203:
202:Yvonne Tasker
199:
195:
194:Indiana Jones
191:
187:
183:
182:
177:
176:
171:
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
150:
141:
139:
137:
132:
131:
125:
123:
122:
117:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:New Hollywood
78:
76:
72:
68:
63:
58:
54:
46:
45:
40:
36:
32:
19:
18:Action movies
8213:Action films
8012:Mockumentary
7820:Biographical
7803:Swashbuckler
7771:Martial arts
7443:Experimental
7438:Ethnofiction
7185:Third Cinema
7088:Persian Film
6831:Auteur films
6802:By movement
6659:Swashbuckler
6518:Ozploitation
6513:Outlaw biker
6393:Martial arts
6388:Magical girl
6238:Exploitation
6233:Ethnographic
6162:Mafia comedy
5805:Pornographic
5682:Psycho-biddy
5667:Lovecraftian
5501:Contemporary
5482:
5476:Exploitation
5471:Experimental
5351:Mockumentary
5220:Biographical
5180:
5123:. Retrieved
5117:
5087:
5061:
5052:
5046:
5040:
5018:. New York:
5015:
4988:
4969:
4949:
4943:
4924:
4902:
4883:
4864:
4841:
4832:
4826:
4807:
4788:
4763:
4759:
4736:
4717:
4694:
4671:
4652:
4633:
4621:. Retrieved
4597:
4575:
4563:. Retrieved
4557:
4534:
4515:
4503:. Retrieved
4491:
4485:
4458:
4436:
4417:
4398:
4379:
4356:
4335:
4329:
4317:
4311:
4290:
4263:
4237:
4228:
4224:
4202:
4179:
4164:. Retrieved
4160:the original
4153:
4137:. Retrieved
4130:
4104:
4092:. Retrieved
4086:
4063:
4026:
3999:
3987:
3975:
3948:
3936:
3891:. Retrieved
3876:
3866:
3861:, p. 8.
3854:
3827:
3815:
3808:Soyoung 2005
3793:Soyoung 2005
3778:Soyoung 2005
3773:
3766:Soyoung 2005
3761:
3754:Soyoung 2005
3734:
3722:
3710:
3698:
3686:
3674:
3662:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3585:
3558:
3546:
3498:
3493:, p. 3.
3486:
3474:
3462:
3450:
3423:
3382:, p. 8.
3375:
3363:
3351:
3339:
3327:
3300:
3288:
3276:
3271:, p. 1.
3249:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3169:, p. 4.
3152:, p. 3.
3145:
3140:, p. 1.
3133:
3128:, p. 2.
3102:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3061:, p. 2.
3054:
3042:
3015:
3003:
2991:
2984:O'Brien 2012
2965:O'Brien 2012
2960:
2953:O'Brien 2012
2948:
2941:O'Brien 2012
2936:
2929:O'Brien 2012
2924:
2917:O'Brien 2012
2902:O'Brien 2012
2882:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2728:, p. 5.
2713:, p. 4.
2691:
2679:
2674:, p. 1.
2644:, p. 2.
2629:, p. 6.
2627:O'Brien 2012
2622:
2617:, p. 4.
2610:
2605:, p. 4.
2598:
2555:Higgins 2008
2455:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:Big Bad Mama
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2330:
2319:
2311:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2276:Sarah Connor
2271:
2268:Ellen Ripley
2265:
2258:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2213:
2211:
2198:
2160:January 2024
2157:
2153:adding to it
2148:
2110:
2087:
2060:
2033:
2005:
1980:Police Story
1979:
1953:
1926:
1899:
1871:
1839:
1838:
1826:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1796:
1780:
1774:
1770:Memento Mori
1768:
1762:
1756:
1755:(1997), and
1750:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1735:One-Eyd Park
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1709:
1707:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1615:
1612:SS Rajamouli
1605:
1595:
1591:Twin Dragons
1589:
1583:
1573:
1566:
1562:Ek Tha Tiger
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1518:
1508:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1448:
1441:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1386:
1376:
1370:
1360:
1354:
1350:Turkey Shoot
1348:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1291:
1282:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1253:
1250:Im Kwon-taek
1245:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1174:
1167:
1163:
1143:Chuck Norris
1137:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1068:Kung fu film
1062:Kung fu film
1056:kung fu film
1051:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1002:
1000:
985:comedy films
981:martial arts
968:
965:James Monaco
962:
957:
947:
943:
934:Hybrid genre
913:
907:
901:
899:
892:
886:
880:
866:
860:
854:
848:
838:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
797:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
745:
738:
732:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
698:
688:
682:
676:
640:
628:
618:
612:
606:
600:
590:
587:Stephen Chow
580:
574:
564:
541:
531:
525:
489:kung fu film
480:
478:
455:
447:
443:
435:
427:
419:
413:
412:(1958), and
407:
401:
394:period drama
387:
381:
375:
369:
357:
342:
248:Action films
247:
230:Amazon Prime
217:
210:
205:
197:
189:
186:John McClane
179:
173:
169:
167:
157:
147:
145:
135:
128:
126:
119:
113:
79:
75:horror films
52:
50:
42:
8218:Film genres
8124:Time travel
8084:Apocalyptic
7886:Documentary
7815:Avant-garde
7669:Video nasty
7664:Underground
7649:Slow cinema
7619:Sceneggiata
7507:Live action
7485:Independent
7465:Film à clef
7433:Docufiction
7401:Compilation
7376:Blockbuster
7344:Traditional
7339:Stop-motion
7275:Chick flick
7133:Slow cinema
7123:Remodernist
6938:Free Cinema
6918:Erra Cinema
6883:Cinema Novo
6761:Revisionist
6270:Gendai-geki
6206:Psychedelic
6194:Apocalyptic
6060:Beach party
5955:Slow cinema
5928:Space opera
5893:Fantastique
5764:Sceneggiata
5754:Musicarello
5627:Fantastique
5506:Fantastique
5449:Educational
5376:Video essay
5331:Documentary
4623:January 26,
4565:January 26,
4166:February 8,
4139:January 25,
4094:January 25,
3859:Tasker 2015
3739:Macias 2008
3679:Abrams 2022
3524:Howell 2021
3479:Martin 2009
3107:Monaco 1979
3047:Tasker 2015
3035:Tasker 2004
3020:Tasker 2015
3008:Tasker 2015
2996:Tasker 2015
2769:Sharpe 2011
2757:Sharpe 2011
2642:Tasker 2015
2501:Action hero
2478:Film portal
2408:(2005) and
2398:such as in
2387:(1974) and
2360:Ultraviolet
2313:Ultraviolet
2274:(1986) and
2231:white women
2062:Hard Boiled
1991:Jackie Chan
1779:(1999) and
1767:(2000) and
1646:Sonny Chiba
1597:Bhadrachlam
1565:(2012) and
1539:Salman Khan
1515:Yash Chopra
1513:(1973) and
1472:Transporter
1463:(1998) and
1430:(2004) and
1427:District 13
1359:(1976) and
1337:road movies
1274:(2013) and
1231:Bad Boys II
1226:Michael Bay
1200:jinghungpin
885:(2007) and
873:post-modern
865:(2007) and
853:(2003) and
824:(1996) and
784:Joel Silver
715:(1971) and
703:(1971) and
700:Dirty Harry
617:(2016) and
602:The Promise
595:(2004) and
579:(2002) and
571:Zhang Yimou
514:Jackie Chan
450:(1965) and
430:(1954) and
178:(1981) and
94:crime films
53:action film
8207:Categories
7901:Historical
7830:Children's
7756:and themes
7589:Paracinema
7574:Neorealist
7569:Mythopoeia
7554:Mockbuster
7519:Low-budget
7460:Featurette
7293:technique,
7291:By format,
7170:Surrealist
7165:Structural
7043:New German
7033:Neorealist
7028:Mumblecore
6968:Heimatfilm
6928:Film d'art
6893:Cinéma pur
6627:South Seas
6600:Sex report
5866:Paranormal
5829:Propaganda
5729:Mumblecore
5516:Historical
5398:Historical
5287:Remarriage
5277:Mo lei tau
5125:2010-12-01
4607:0195025709
4277:0791492958
4046:Purse 2011
4031:O'Day 2004
4019:Purse 2011
4004:Purse 2011
3992:Purse 2011
3980:Purse 2011
3968:Purse 2011
3953:Purse 2011
3941:Purse 2011
3929:Purse 2011
3893:2022-05-17
3578:Purse 2011
3563:Purse 2011
3551:Purse 2011
3539:Purse 2011
3443:Bitel 2019
3416:Logan 1995
3095:Bould 2013
3083:Bould 2013
3071:Selbo 2014
2603:Dixon 2000
2522:References
2506:Film genre
2436:Underworld
2384:Caged Heat
2372:Underworld
2260:Foxy Brown
2202:Chang Cheh
1758:Green Fish
1650:Angela Mao
1455:EuropaCorp
1451:Luc Besson
1405:EuropaCorp
1362:Stunt Rock
1241:The Matrix
1236:Wachowskis
1147:Sho Kosugi
1138:The Yakuza
1129:The Yakuza
950:Jule Selbo
938:See also:
909:Spider-Man
833:The Matrix
827:Armageddon
712:Billy Jack
706:Death Wish
625:Johnnie To
614:Cold War 2
597:Chen Kaige
546:featuring
533:The Killer
485:Chang Cheh
389:jidai-geki
57:film genre
39:John Rambo
8190:Spaghetti
8173:Submarine
8119:Superhero
8089:Body swap
8059:Religious
8007:Melodrama
7896:Economics
7857:Slapstick
7842:Christian
7835:Animation
7810:Animation
7793:Adventure
7786:Vigilante
7748:Lists of
7579:No-budget
7544:Meta-film
7512:animation
7470:Film-poem
7406:Composite
7351:Anthology
7314:Animation
7309:Actuality
7295:approach,
7063:New Queer
6983:Indiewood
6933:Film gris
6804:or period
6781:Spaghetti
6704:Submarine
6684:Vigilante
6649:Superhero
6403:Chopsocky
6349:Jidaigeki
6218:Dystopian
6117:Detective
6075:Buddy cop
6065:Body swap
5995:Political
5975:Financial
5938:Tokusatsu
5933:Steampunk
5849:Bromantic
5821:Malayalam
5800:Crossover
5776:Detective
5744:Backstage
5692:Religious
5548:Tech noir
5543:Pulp noir
5533:Film noir
5408:Melodrama
5346:Docudrama
5319:Cyberpunk
5312:Slapstick
5302:Screwball
5262:Gross out
5225:Christian
5203:Adventure
5066:Routledge
4958:0036-9543
4780:144426047
4586:1651-6826
4559:Otaku USA
4463:IB Tauris
4344:0022-3840
3847:Kwon 2023
3832:Choi 2011
3428:Pang 2005
3380:Lott 2004
3368:Lott 2004
3356:Lott 2004
3344:Lott 2004
3332:Lott 2004
3320:Lott 2004
3305:Lott 2004
3293:Lott 2004
3281:Lott 2004
3269:Lott 2004
3254:Lott 2004
3242:Lott 2004
3230:Lott 2004
2887:Chen 2022
2875:Chen 2022
2615:King 2000
2451:Aeon Flux
2431:Kill Bill
2255:Pam Grier
2242:film noir
2224:sidekicks
2208:Hollywood
2195:Hong Kong
2078:Hong Kong
2051:Australia
2035:Mad Max 2
2023:Hong Kong
1996:Hong Kong
1860:Director
1793:Reception
1698:LoveDeath
1607:Kickboxer
1568:Dabangg 2
1559:(2011),
1556:Bodyguard
1497:Bollywood
1433:Unleashed
1385:'s later
1321:Australia
1303:Brazilian
1295:Malayalam
1277:New World
1271:Cold Eyes
1216:Tsui Hark
1212:Ringo Lam
979:, crime,
923:Subgenres
877:cinephile
740:Mad Max 2
651:war films
538:Tsui Hark
506:Chor Yuen
498:Bruce Lee
469:Bruce Lee
264:By decade
226:Knowledge
115:Kill Bill
90:war films
86:antiheros
44:Rambo III
8168:Anti-war
8146:Thriller
8094:Dystopia
8049:Neo-noir
7950:Disaster
7935:Cannibal
7881:Disaster
7697:Category
7584:One-shot
7448:Abstract
7334:Computer
7018:Lettrist
6913:Dogme 95
6841:Bourekas
6811:Absolute
6751:Northern
6746:Meat pie
6699:Euro War
6694:Anti-war
6560:Rumberas
6481:Mountain
6383:Luchador
6339:Homeland
6327:Shotacon
6300:Suburban
6228:Economic
6189:Disaster
6122:Gangster
6097:Colonial
6087:Cannibal
6048:By theme
6005:Romantic
5960:Thriller
5918:New Wave
5913:Military
5871:Thriller
5839:Romantic
5786:Whodunit
5759:Operetta
5739:Arthouse
5707:Splatter
5602:Cannibal
5592:Arthouse
5575:Suburban
5565:Southern
5538:Neo-noir
5442:Thriller
5336:Animated
5324:Japanese
5292:Romantic
5282:Thriller
5208:Survival
5186:Arthouse
5174:By style
5086:(2002).
4596:(1979).
4505:June 21,
4262:(2000).
4178:(2006).
3887:Archived
3878:Time Out
3820:Yip 2017
3715:Mes 2004
3691:Yip 2017
3667:BBC 2023
3218:Yip 2017
3206:Teo 2016
3194:Yip 2017
3182:Yip 2017
3167:Teo 2016
3150:Teo 2016
3138:Teo 2016
3126:Teo 2016
2863:Yip 2017
2851:Yip 2017
2839:Yip 2017
2827:Yip 2017
2812:Yip 2017
2793:Yip 2017
2781:Yip 2017
2745:Yip 2017
2726:Yip 2017
2711:Yip 2017
2684:Yip 2017
2464:See also
2460:(2002).
2428:(2005),
2363:(2006),
2357:(2000),
2351:(2001),
2300:(1996).
2263:(1974).
2229:Violent
2073:John Woo
1873:Die Hard
1863:Country
1841:Time Out
1764:Chunhang
1749:(1994),
1741:(1974).
1723:Zatoichi
1718:Cold War
1693:Sky High
1610:(1989).
1571:(2012).
1553:(2011),
1424:(2001),
1418:(2000),
1335:(1986),
1280:(2013).
1268:(2010),
1208:John Woo
1172:(2003).
1043:(1922) (
915:Iron Man
836:(1999).
804:Cold War
761:Commando
755:Die Hard
743:(1981).
697:such as
685:Antihero
643:Westerns
633:(2002).
611:(2012),
608:Cold War
585:(2004),
530:(1986),
522:John Woo
481:yanggang
460:(1966).
432:Jin Yong
406:(1954),
383:chanbara
377:Rashomon
365:diaspora
190:Die Hard
181:Die Hard
98:Westerns
67:comedies
8180:Western
8064:Romance
8039:Mystery
8034:Musical
8017:Monster
7990:Vampire
7980:Satanic
7975:Natural
7965:Holiday
7918:Fantasy
7906:Slavery
7864:Concert
7679:Z movie
7455:Feature
7391:Collage
7361:B movie
7329:Cartoon
7068:No wave
6736:Florida
6731:Fantasy
6711:Western
6654:Surfing
6642:Eurospy
6612:Slavery
6462:Vampire
6442:Monster
6413:Kung fu
6354:Samurai
6322:Lolicon
6290:Romance
6137:Gong'an
6107:Concert
6092:Chicano
6055:Animals
5943:Western
5898:Fantasy
5856:Fantasy
5834:Reality
5771:Mystery
5749:Jukebox
5734:Musical
5712:Satanic
5702:Slasher
5672:Natural
5652:Holiday
5560:Romance
5526:Science
5491:Fantasy
5393:Dramedy
5257:Dramedy
4056:Sources
2425:Elektra
2220:tomboys
1710:Hwalkuk
1652:called
1580:Srihari
1544:Dabangg
1520:Deewaar
1510:Zanjeer
1378:Mad Max
1315:Italian
1307:Chinese
1102:shaolin
1075:gong fu
1050:). In
1045:transl.
779:RoboCop
729:Bullitt
690:Bullitt
677:Bullitt
561:Ang Lee
510:Gu Long
452:King Hu
415:Yojimbo
398:Western
240:History
234:Netflix
198:Raiders
146:In the
124:films.
8151:Erotic
8136:Sports
8074:Satire
8054:Prison
7995:Zombie
7960:Ghosts
7940:Clowns
7930:Horror
7913:Erotic
7852:Parody
7847:Comedy
7798:Pirate
7766:Action
7707:Portal
7644:Silent
7634:Shinpa
7629:Serial
7614:Satire
7599:Poetry
7529:Masala
7258:Shōnen
7241:Seinen
6756:Ostern
6741:Horror
6674:Travel
6632:Sports
6555:Rubble
6528:Prison
6496:Nature
6467:Zombie
6408:Gun fu
6344:Isekai
6317:Hentai
6285:Gothic
6211:Stoner
6177:Yakuza
6132:Gokudō
6080:Female
6010:Techno
5980:Giallo
5970:Erotic
5965:Comedy
5908:Horror
5903:Gothic
5888:Comedy
5861:Gothic
5844:Comedy
5793:Giallo
5647:Giallo
5617:Comedy
5587:Horror
5555:Gothic
5496:Comedy
5422:Erotic
5413:Korean
5371:Travel
5361:Pseudo
5307:Silent
5272:Parody
5267:Horror
5235:Action
5230:Comedy
5181:Action
5167:genres
5094:
5072:
5026:
4995:
4976:
4956:
4945:Screen
4931:
4912:
4890:
4871:
4852:
4814:
4795:
4778:
4747:
4724:
4705:
4682:
4659:
4640:
4604:
4584:
4541:
4522:
4469:
4446:
4424:
4405:
4386:
4367:
4342:
4274:
4248:
4212:
4190:
4115:
4070:
2272:Aliens
1900:Aliens
1682:Versus
1677:Versus
1672:Versus
1534:Wanted
1415:Taxi 2
1395:France
1097:wudang
977:horror
912:, and
548:Jet Li
444:xinpai
73:, and
8156:Legal
8022:Kaiju
7970:Mummy
7891:Drama
7874:Heist
7869:Crime
7781:Ninja
7754:genre
7750:films
7659:Sound
7639:Short
7396:Color
7319:Anime
7280:Josei
7270:Women
7263:Shōjo
7231:Anime
7221:Black
7216:Adult
6776:Space
6679:Trial
6622:Snuff
6533:Women
6508:Opera
6457:Mummy
6452:Kaiju
6435:Anime
6430:Mecha
6423:Wuxia
6418:Ninja
6366:LGBTQ
6361:Kaitō
6312:Harem
6295:Space
6275:Ghost
6223:Ecchi
6184:Dance
6157:Mafia
6142:Heist
6112:Crime
6070:Buddy
6039:Trick
5985:Legal
5642:Ghost
5580:Urban
5570:Space
5403:Legal
5383:Drama
5356:Mondo
5240:Black
4952:(2).
4776:S2CID
4338:(6).
2251:black
2222:, or
2117:1981
1944:Japan
1857:Year
1854:Film
1851:Rank
1776:Shiri
1704:Korea
1687:Azumi
1624:Japan
1604:film
1550:Ready
1487:India
1372:Stone
1114:wuxia
1092:wuxia
1088:wuxia
1084:wuxia
1052:wuxia
1037:wuxia
1025:Wuxia
1021:wuxia
1015:Wuxia
1009:Wuxia
1003:wuxia
954:crime
903:X-Men
888:Rambo
868:Taken
647:crime
392:, or
304:2020s
299:2010s
294:2000s
289:1990s
284:1980s
279:1970s
274:1960s
55:is a
8185:Euro
8141:Teen
8044:Noir
8002:LGBT
7985:Toys
7416:Cult
7253:Teen
7246:Stag
7237:Men
6716:Acid
6550:Road
6540:Race
6376:Yuri
6371:Yaoi
6201:Drug
6152:Hood
5597:Body
5511:High
5481:see
5459:Epic
5432:Pink
5366:Semi
5250:Sexy
5164:Film
5092:ISBN
5070:ISBN
5024:ISBN
4993:ISBN
4974:ISBN
4954:ISSN
4929:ISBN
4910:ISBN
4888:ISBN
4869:ISBN
4850:ISBN
4835:(1).
4812:ISBN
4793:ISBN
4745:ISBN
4722:ISBN
4703:ISBN
4680:ISBN
4657:ISBN
4638:ISBN
4625:2024
4602:ISBN
4582:ISSN
4567:2024
4539:ISBN
4520:ISBN
4507:2024
4467:ISBN
4444:ISBN
4422:ISBN
4403:ISBN
4384:ISBN
4365:ISBN
4340:ISSN
4320:(2).
4272:ISBN
4246:ISBN
4210:ISBN
4188:ISBN
4168:2024
4141:2024
4113:ISBN
4096:2024
4068:ISBN
2442:and
2375:and
2366:Salt
2337:Xena
2095:1991
2068:1992
2041:1981
2013:1973
1986:1985
1961:1969
1934:1954
1906:1986
1879:1988
1752:Beat
1690:and
1636:Toei
1460:Taxi
1299:Thai
1246:noir
1210:and
1158:and
1100:and
1019:The
983:and
731:and
649:and
576:Hero
555:and
232:and
224:and
222:IMDb
118:and
96:and
51:The
8163:War
8131:Spy
7955:Eco
7752:by
7356:Art
7324:Art
6689:War
6637:Spy
5883:Art
5622:Eco
5297:Sex
5215:Art
4768:doi
4496:doi
4297:doi
4229:638
4132:BBC
2278:in
2270:in
2239:in
2155:.
2107:10
1617:RRR
1614:'s
1517:'s
1507:'s
1347:'s
1262:'s
1252:'s
1228:'s
1033:xia
847:'s
599:'s
589:'s
573:'s
563:'s
540:'s
520:of
454:'s
434:'s
426:'s
196:in
188:in
156:in
41:in
37:as
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5116:.
5068:.
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2204:.
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2057:8
2030:7
2002:6
1975:5
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