Knowledge (XXG)

Action of 21 July 1781

Source đź“ť

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led the damaged escorts into a safe harbour. While the British escort was severely damaged, the convoy was still able to pick up a load of coal at Spanish River and deliver it to Halifax.
2447: 1137:, it had been seeking opportunities to tip the balance of power in America in its favour, and had been in contact with American separatists since the 1770s. The start of the 1580: 1314:
approached the convoy, four further escorts joined the two that were sailing to meet them, while the convoy tried to escape to Spanish River. Five of the British warships,
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came in cannon range and opened fire. The French had the advantage in gunnery, as the British had 9-pounder guns, less powerful than the French 12-pounders.
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detected a 20-ship convoy, with two corvettes or frigates detaching to investigate. The convoy, which consisted of 18 merchant vessels, including nine
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to Boston with a prize crew, as they had done with four other ships that they had captured in the previous days: the 18-gun corvette
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s escape, but expressed regrets when they learnt that Evans had died of his wound. Lapérouse called him "a very brave man".
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escorts. The French captured one of the British escorts while the remainder of the British convoy escaped.
1547:, which after a brief skirmish with two American privateers in Canso, took American prisoners to Quebec.) 1451:
had three killed, six gravely wounded (three of whom died in the following days), and 13 lightly wounded;
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had sustained a dozen hits, was holed in three places, and had suffered two fires during the action.
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Les aventures de Louis-René de Latouche-Tréville, compagnon de La Fayette et commandant de l'Hermione
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in March 1780. On 11 June 1780, the French reinforced their naval presence with the arrival of the
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Description of the order of battle by Lieutenant de Frégate auxillaire Mullon, who was aboard the
1338:. Lapérouse maneuvered to try to prevent the convoy from escaping, and it was not until 1830 that 1847: 1840: 1805: 1787: 1285: 1279: 1249: 1094: 968: 906: 730: 2326: 2427: 2408: 2375: 2330: 2303: 2282: 2263: 2244: 2214: 1735: 1383: 1264: 1172: 1046: 837: 827: 802: 705: 164: 2348: 2297: 1590: 1222: 1209: 1194: 1164: 876: 616: 334: 226: 2190: 1257: 1080: 922: 242: 2358: 2319: 1425:
and she escaped into the darkness under her first officer, Lieutenant Michael Cashman.
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British Warships of the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates
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Frigates and Foremasts: The North American Squadron in Nova Scotia Waters, 1745-1815
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Learning of their presence, the British scrambled three heavy frigates to intercept
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By nightfall, the three remaining British warships were trying to escape, chased by
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stayed around Boston, carrying out reconnaissance for the squadron and engaging in
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Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours
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gave chase but failed to find her again, and by 2200 they abandoned the pursuit.
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painted a large depiction of the battle. The painting is now on display at the
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American privateers attacked British mining on Cape Breton throughout the war.
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Ashore and Afloat: The British Navy and the Halifax Naval Yard Before 1820
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Captain Tonge and his crew were taken prisoner to Boston. The French sent
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Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War involving Great Britain
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Six French and seventeen British sailors were killed in the action.
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was sold at Salem, only to be recaptured the following year in the
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Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War involving France
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since 1777, in a private capacity. When he returned to France,
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La marine militaire de la France sous le règne de Louis XVI
1294:(14), a small armed ship commanded by Richard Peter Tonge. 2448:
The Royal Gazette, New York, 08 Dec 1781, p. 3, col. 2-3.
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Even since France had lost its colonies in Canada in the
1093:) was a naval skirmish off the harbour of Spanish River, 2498:
Battles of the American Revolutionary War in Nova Scotia
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and for 30 minutes she also fired broadsides into her.
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Blue Water Patriots: The American Revolution Afloat
2318: 1550:LapĂ©rouse and Latouche were at first irritated by 2473:Naval battles of the Anglo-French War (1778–1783) 1121:, engaged a convoy of 18 British ships and their 2199:. Vol. II. Halifax: J. Barnes. p. 619. 2260:L'Hermione, de Rochefort Ă  la gloire amĂ©ricaine 1513:, captured on 12 July; the 12-gun merchantman 1208:, recently promoted to Captain after capturing 48: 1348:concentrated her fire on the British flagship 1171:received him and sent back as an emissary to 938: 495: 304: 8: 2258:Fontainieu, Emmanuel; Gaubert, Yves (2002). 1956:Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La PĂ©rouse 1088: 2374:. Vol. 1. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. 2277:Kalbach, Robert; Gireaud, Jean-Luc (2004). 2241:L'Hermione, l'aventure de sa reconstruction 1525:, taken on 19 July. The British recaptured 1486:returned to Boston, arriving on 17 August. 1141:thus quickly yielding the outbreak of the 945: 931: 923: 502: 488: 480: 311: 297: 289: 45: 2398:(in French). Vol. 2. Challamel ainĂ©. 1204:was attached to a frigate division under 1990:Louis-RenĂ© Levassor de Latouche TrĂ©ville 1517:, captured on 17; the 8-gun merchantman 211:Louis-RenĂ© Levassor de Latouche TrĂ©ville 2163: 2148: 2107: 2090: 2075: 2020: 2013: 1640:Combat naval Ă  la Hauteur de Louisbourg 1615:Combat naval Ă  la Hauteur de Louisbourg 1576: 1543:. (Captain Tonge later commanded the 1090:Combat naval Ă  la hauteur de Louisbourg 956:American Revolution Nova Scotia theatre 243: 69:Combat Naval A La Hauteur De Louisbourg 2325:. University of Ottawa Press. p.  1916: 1911: 1908: 1902: 1899: 1712: 1707: 1704: 1698: 1695: 1521:, captured on 18; and the merchantman 2052: 2037: 1905: 1701: 1244:and four supply ships, was bound for 7: 2196:A History of Nova-Scotia, Or Acadie 1670:Capt Henry Francis Evans Memorial, 1478:After effective temporary repairs, 1455:had three killed and 15 wounded. 1364:stopped, but doing so she fell in 14: 1386:. Soon afterward, the maintop of 1085:Combat naval en vue de Louisbourg 2279:L'Hermione, FrĂ©gate des Lumières 2211:"Timothy Hierlihy and his times" 1663: 1647: 1622: 1597: 1579: 1163:had already been supporting the 216: 204: 193: 172: 157: 73:Auguste-Louis de Rossel de Cercy 62: 31:. For the 1758 siege during the 2407:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2395:Batailles navales de la France 1471:, 1 killed and 2 wounded; and 21:War of the Austrian Succession 1: 2302:. UBC Press. pp. 72–73. 1463:had 8 killed and 29 wounded; 1390:fell; with her captain dead, 1984: 1979: 1950: 1945: 1877: 1874: 1851: 1846: 1817: 1812: 1782: 1777: 1747: 1742: 1155:War of American Independence 1153:of 1778, France entered the 1109:. Two light frigates of the 1107:War of American Independence 2370:Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). 1999: 1996: 1993: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1672:St. Paul's Church (Halifax) 1569:MusĂ©e national de la Marine 1232:In the morning of 21 July, 2514: 2488:Maritime history of Canada 2239:Ballu, Jean-Marie (2007). 1971: 1937: 1920: 1868: 1838: 1803: 1768: 1733: 1716: 1467:, 1 killed and 5 wounded; 1371:line of fire again, while 1284:(20), the armed transport 514:American Revolutionary War 56:American Revolutionary War 37:Siege of Louisbourg (1758) 29:Siege of Louisbourg (1745) 18: 2353:. Paris: HonorĂ© Champion. 2131:Battle off Spanish River. 2120:Battle off Spanish River. 1931: 1926: 1921: 1727: 1722: 1717: 964: 525: 330: 268: 251: 186: 149: 78: 61: 53: 2483:Conflicts in Nova Scotia 2365:(in French). Paris: SPM. 1541:Naval battle off Halifax 1147:Franco-American alliance 746:Demerara & Essequibo 529:Europe and Mediterranean 2403:Volo, James M. (2007). 2390:Troude, OnĂ©sime-Joachim 2243:. Editions du Gerfaut. 1269:(Charleston) (28), the 1260:. The escorts were the 1183:ExpĂ©dition Particulière 283:1 smaller ship captured 2422:Winfield, Rif (2007). 2317:Gwyn, Julian (2004b). 2296:Gwyn, Julian (2004a). 1658:the day of the battle. 1413:to take possession of 1379:at point-blank range. 1145:in 1778, and with the 1089: 1084: 1077:action of 21 July 1781 322:Atlantic naval theatre 187:Commanders and leaders 49:Action of 21 July 1781 2345:Lacour-Gayet, Georges 2262:. Editions de Monza. 989:Maugerville Rebellion 269:Casualties and losses 33:French and Indian War 2493:1780s in Nova Scotia 2177:"Old Province Tales" 1375:was free to fire on 1227:12-pounder long guns 1225:, and armed with 26 1896: 1692: 1436:Meanwhile, Captain 1405:took possession of 1215:, with his flag on 1139:American Revolution 1103:Sydney, Nova Scotia 239:Richard Peter Tonge 122:45.9075°N 59.9739°W 118: /  1894: 1690: 1533:while in transit. 1421:had established a 1384:struck her colours 1250:Cape Breton Island 1151:Treaty of Alliance 469:2nd Chesapeake Bay 2478:Conflicts in 1781 2433:978-1-86176-295-5 2414:978-0-275-98907-1 2381:978-2-9525917-0-6 2336:978-0-7766-3031-1 2309:978-0-7748-0911-5 2288:978-2-84454-319-6 2269:978-2-908071-95-5 2250:978-2-35191-018-4 2006: 2005: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1914: 1892: 1891: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1710: 1173:George Washington 1119:Latouche TrĂ©ville 1070: 1069: 1022:Raid on Miramichi 920: 919: 550:11 September 1778 477: 476: 287: 286: 145: 144: 127:45.9075; -59.9739 25:King George's War 2505: 2437: 2418: 2399: 2385: 2366: 2354: 2340: 2324: 2313: 2292: 2273: 2254: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2213:. Archived from 2207: 2201: 2200: 2191:Murdoch, Beamish 2187: 2181: 2180: 2173: 2167: 2161: 2152: 2146: 2133: 2128: 2122: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2094: 2088: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2062: 2056: 2050: 2041: 2040:, p. 72–73. 2035: 2024: 2018: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1912: 1897: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1708: 1693: 1667: 1651: 1626: 1601: 1589:in 1778, then a 1583: 1556: 1370: 1256:for delivery to 1195:commerce raiding 1185:, under Admiral 1165:Continental Army 1143:Anglo-French War 1135:Seven Years' War 1092: 959: 957: 947: 940: 933: 924: 776:15 February 1783 597:Cape Santa Maria 582:Flamborough Head 520: 517:Involving France 515: 504: 497: 490: 481: 464:3rd Delaware Bay 454:2nd Delaware Bay 429:1st Delaware Bay 345:Turtle Gut Inlet 325: 323: 313: 306: 299: 290: 245: 231: 221: 220: 219: 209: 208: 207: 198: 197: 196: 182: 178: 176: 175: 167: 163: 161: 160: 133: 132: 130: 129: 128: 123: 119: 116: 115: 114: 111: 95:Off present-day 80: 79: 66: 46: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2453: 2452: 2434: 2421: 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639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 607:13 August 1780 604: 602:10 August 1780 599: 594: 589: 587:6 October 1779 584: 579: 574: 573: 572: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 531: 530: 526: 523: 522: 509: 507: 506: 499: 492: 484: 475: 474: 472: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 439:2nd Cape Henry 436: 431: 426: 418: 416:1st Chesapeake 413: 408: 400: 395: 390: 388:1st Cape Henry 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 331: 328: 327: 318: 316: 315: 308: 301: 293: 285: 284: 277: 271: 270: 266: 265: 258: 254: 253: 249: 248: 213: 189: 188: 184: 183: 168: 152: 151: 147: 146: 143: 142: 141:French victory 139: 135: 134: 94: 92: 88: 87: 84: 76: 75: 59: 58: 51: 50: 44: 43: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2510: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2435: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2359:Monaque, RĂ©mi 2356: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2322: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2203: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2186: 2183: 2178: 2172: 2169: 2166:, p. 75. 2165: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2151:, p. 70. 2150: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2110:, p. 68. 2109: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2093:, p. 66. 2092: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2078:, p. 64. 2077: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2023:, p. 63. 2022: 2017: 2014: 2008: 2002: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1898: 1895:French fleet 1888: 1880: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1824: 1823:Rupert George 1820: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1694: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 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Seaforth. 2423: 2404: 2394: 2371: 2362: 2349: 2320: 2298: 2278: 2259: 2240: 2219:. Retrieved 2215:the original 2205: 2195: 2185: 2171: 2126: 2115: 2071: 2060: 2053:Gwyn (2004b) 2038:Gwyn (2004a) 2016: 1974: 1940: 1875:Merchantman 1870: 1841: 1807: 1772: 1737: 1655: 1639: 1629: 1614: 1605: 1562: 1559: 1551: 1549: 1544: 1536: 1535: 1531:Lockard Ross 1530: 1526: 1523:Lockard Ross 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1493: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1446: 1441: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1423:jury rigging 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1304: 1301: 1291: 1286: 1280: 1274: 1265: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1217: 1211: 1201: 1199: 1190: 1177: 1159: 1132: 1076: 1074: 1010: 999:Yarmouth 2nd 979:Yarmouth 1st 855:Delaware Bay 817: 798:Charles Town 793:Rhode Island 761:Mona Passage 642:Cape Spartel 592:15 June 1780 535:17 June 1778 422: 404: 378:Charles Town 361: 340:Block Island 228: 150:Belligerents 86:21 July 1781 68: 54:Part of the 41: 16:Naval battle 1821:Lieutenant 1788:David Phips 1753:Henry Evans 1738:Charlestown 1676:Nova Scotia 1634:(detail of 1609:(detail of 1545:Little Jack 1419:Charlestown 1415:Charlestown 1392:Charlestown 1388:Charlestown 1362:Charlestown 1350:Charlestown 1334:, formed a 1316:Charlestown 1266:Charlestown 1252:to pick up 1111:French Navy 1099:Nova Scotia 1095:Cape Breton 1052:2nd Halifax 1047:Blonde Rock 1037:Cape Breton 1027:1st Halifax 902:Trincomalee 872:Pondicherry 866:East Indies 818:Cape Breton 756:The Saintes 741:Frigate Bay 706:2nd Grenada 701:1st Grenada 669:Porto Praya 637:ĂŽle-de-Batz 560:13 May 1779 398:Cape Breton 281:48 wounded 223:Henry Evans 125: / 101:Nova Scotia 2457:Categories 2233:References 1981:Fifth rate 1947:Fifth rate 1913:Casualties 1909:Commander 1786:Commander 1773:Allegiance 1744:Fifth rate 1709:Casualties 1705:Commander 1591:Lieutenant 1571:in Paris. 1552:Charleston 1527:Friendship 1515:Friendship 1465:Allegiance 1461:Charleston 1320:Allegiance 1290:(14), and 1275:Allegiance 1129:Background 1123:Royal Navy 1115:La PĂ©rouse 969:Saint John 892:Batticaloa 845:Hudson Bay 833:Chesapeake 813:Cape Henry 781:Grand Turk 751:Montserrat 726:Fort Royal 716:Guadeloupe 632:3rd Ushant 627:2nd Ushant 617:2nd Jersey 555:1st Jersey 540:1st Ushant 444:Hudson Bay 393:Cape Split 279:17 killed 276:34 wounded 260:1 frigate 257:2 frigates 200:La PĂ©rouse 113:59°58′26″W 110:45°54′27″N 2281:. Dervy. 2009:Citations 1848:Transport 1587:LapĂ©rouse 1563:In 1788, 1490:Aftermath 1278:(24) and 1210:HMS  1206:LapĂ©rouse 1169:Louis XVI 1161:Lafayette 1062:Lunenburg 1032:Blomindon 1017:Liverpool 887:Negapatam 882:Providien 675:Caribbean 577:Gibraltar 519:1778–1783 368:Frederica 274:6 killed 262:2 sloops 2392:(1867). 2361:(2000). 2347:(1910). 2193:(1866). 1988:Captain 1975:Hermione 1954:Captain 1928:Wounded 1751:Captain 1724:Wounded 1656:Hermione 1631:Hermione 1500:Hermione 1484:Hermione 1457:Hermione 1449:Hermione 1427:Hermione 1411:Hermione 1399:Hermione 1373:Hermione 1354:Hermione 1311:Hermione 1242:colliers 1238:Hermione 1223:coppered 1202:Hermione 1191:Hermione 1178:Hermione 838:Yorktown 828:Yorktown 823:Cape Ann 803:Savannah 681:Dominica 653:Atlantic 570:Plymouth 411:Cape Ann 405:Trumbull 355:Yarmouth 350:Barbados 252:Strength 91:Location 2221:8 April 1923:Killed 1808:Vulture 1719:Killed 1519:Phoenix 1469:Vulture 1442:Vulture 1328:Vulture 1281:Vulture 1262:frigate 1258:Halifax 1057:Chester 1011:Hancock 664:Bermuda 659:Madeira 622:Minorca 434:Halifax 362:Hancock 241: ( 229:† 27:), see 2430:  2411:  2378:  2333:  2306:  2285:  2266:  2247:  1941:AstrĂ©e 1917:Notes 1842:Vernon 1713:Notes 1606:AstrĂ©e 1496:AstrĂ©e 1480:AstrĂ©e 1473:Vernon 1453:AstrĂ©e 1431:AstrĂ©e 1403:AstrĂ©e 1366:AstrĂ©e 1358:AstrĂ©e 1346:AstrĂ©e 1340:AstrĂ©e 1324:Vernon 1305:AstrĂ©e 1298:Action 1287:Vernon 1271:sloops 1234:AstrĂ©e 1218:AstrĂ©e 1187:Ternay 1081:French 897:Pisang 877:Sadras 731:Tobago 647:Ferrol 423:Savage 335:Nassau 225:  177:  165:France 162:  138:Result 97:Sydney 35:, see 2065:p. 29 1933:Total 1906:Guns 1903:Rate 1900:Ship 1814:Sloop 1779:Sloop 1729:Total 1702:Guns 1699:Rate 1696:Ship 1636:Cercy 1611:Cercy 1555:' 1511:Thorn 1369:' 1212:Ariel 1087:, or 984:Canso 612:Brest 2428:ISBN 2409:ISBN 2376:ISBN 2331:ISBN 2304:ISBN 2283:ISBN 2264:ISBN 2245:ISBN 2223:2018 1871:Jack 1806:HMS 1771:HMS 1736:HMS 1537:Jack 1529:and 1507:Jack 1498:and 1482:and 1429:and 1407:Jack 1381:Jack 1377:Jack 1332:Jack 1330:and 1308:and 1292:Jack 1254:coal 1236:and 1117:and 1075:The 83:Date 2327:155 2000:21 1997:15 1985:32 1966:21 1963:15 1951:32 1878:14 1863:13 1852:24 1818:24 1783:24 1763:37 1760:29 1748:34 1638:'s 1613:'s 1440:of 1302:As 1248:on 1175:on 244:POW 2459:: 2329:. 2156:^ 2137:^ 2098:^ 2083:^ 2045:^ 2028:^ 1994:6 1960:6 1860:6 1857:7 1833:3 1830:2 1827:1 1798:6 1795:5 1792:1 1757:8 1674:, 1401:. 1326:, 1322:, 1318:, 1197:. 1189:. 1157:. 1097:, 1083:: 99:, 71:, 2436:. 2417:. 2384:. 2339:. 2312:. 2291:. 2272:. 2253:. 2225:. 2179:. 1642:) 1617:) 1079:( 946:e 939:t 932:v 503:e 496:t 489:v 312:e 305:t 298:v 247:) 39:. 23:(

Index

War of the Austrian Succession
King George's War
Siege of Louisbourg (1745)
French and Indian War
Siege of Louisbourg (1758)
American Revolutionary War

Auguste-Louis de Rossel de Cercy
Sydney
Nova Scotia
45°54′27″N 59°58′26″W / 45.9075°N 59.9739°W / 45.9075; -59.9739
France
Great Britain
La PĂ©rouse
Louis-René Levassor de Latouche Tréville
Henry Evans

Rupert George
Richard Peter Tonge
POW
v
t
e
Atlantic naval theatre
Nassau
Block Island
Turtle Gut Inlet
Barbados
Yarmouth
Capture of USS Hancock

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