382: electron conducting redox hydrogels, the first and only aqueous phases that conducted electrons, yet also dissolved ions and substrates and products of enzyme catalyzed reactions. Their hydrogels conduct electrons by collisional electron transfer between reduced and oxidized water-swollen polymer segments. By electrostatically bonding electron conducting gels having polycationic polymers and enzymes with polyanionic domains, they prevented the phase separation of differing macromolecules, then crosslinked on electrodes multilayers of electrically wired enzymes. To maintain the selectivity of the enzymes for their substrates and avoid electrooxidation of spurious biochemicals in biological fluids, the redox potentials of the hydrogels were kept neat the potentials of the reaction centers of the enzymes. Miniature electrodes coated with wired glucose oxidase transduced the concentration-dependent substrate flux to an electrical current, the current representing the turnover rate of reaction centers of the enzyme.
373:
electrical power and hydrogen generating photoelectrochemical solar cells were the first to reach solar conversion efficiencies of 10%. At The
University of Texas at Austin Heinz Gerischer and he showed in 1989-1991 that the rate of photo-assisted oxidation of organic compounds on titanium dioxide was not controlled by the rate of photogeneration of electron hole pairs, but by the rate of reduction of adsorbed oxygen by trapped electrons. With the floating titanium dioxide coated cenospheres, the residues of coal combustion, he and colleagues catalyzed the sunlight assisted oxidation of thin films of crude oil on water (1992-1995), then with Yaron Paz he made in 1993-1995 transparent titanium dioxide films on window glass that under sunlight catalytically oxidized organic contaminants.
411:
received the 2014 Service to
Society Award of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers; the 2004 the Spiers Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK; the 2004 Charles N. Reilly Award of the Society of Electroanalytical Chemistry; the 2005 Fresenius Gold Medal and Prize of the Society of German Chemists; the 2008 Creative Invention of the American Chemical Society; the 2014 Torbern Bergman Medal of the Swedish Chemical Society (shared with Allen J. Bard); and in 2008, an Honorary Doctorate of Queen's College of the City University of New York. The German Diabetes Society named in 2020 one of its awards in his honor.
338:
Care. TheraSense introduced in 2000 the FreeStyle micro-coulometer, painlessly measuring the blood glucose concentration in 300 nanoliters of blood. The world's most widely used FreeStyle Libre continuous glucose monitoring system of Abbott
Diabetes Care was introduced in 2016. Its subcutaneously implanted amperometric sensor utilizes concepts of Heller's glucose concentration to electron current transducing electrically wired glucose oxidase electrode maintaining a constant sensitivity through a polymeric membrane that controls the inflow of glucose.4-8
329:
in 1973 the 3.6 V non-rechargeable lithium thionyl chloride battery, one of the first to be mass manufactured. Because of its lightweight lithium metal anode and its carbon cathode on which the thionyl chloride or sulfuryl chloride solvent of the electrolyte is electrocatalytically reduced, the battery's energy density is uniquely high, 1210 Wh/L and 720 Wh/kg. The battery's shelf-life of over 20 years derives of absence of lithium corrosion in thionyl chloride and in sulfuryl chloride. As of
December 15, 2021, its manufacture continued.
386:
electrodes with a stable polymer films that controlled the influx of the substrate and with a non-fouling hydrogel. These elements of design, first tested with a subcutaneously “wired” glucose oxidase electrode in a diabetic chimpanzee in 1998, were later improved on and became applied in the subcutaneously implanted glucose monitoring FreeStyle Libre systems of Abbott
Diabetes Care, the most widely used for managing diabetes.
90:
27:
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currents. Using electrically wired glucose oxidase he and his team engineered prototypes of subcutaneously implanted continuously glucose monitoring systems. These were developed by his colleagues at Abbott
Diabetes Care, who created the world's most widely used FreeStyle Libre continuously glucose monitoring systems for diabetes management.
415:
Engineering in 1987; received the 1994 Chemistry of
Materials Awards of the American Chemical Society; the 1995 Engineering Practice Award of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers; the 2015 Heinz Gerischer Prize of European Section of The Electrochemical Society; and was made in 1991an Honorary Doctor of Uppsala University in Sweden.
372:
At Bell
Laboratories (1975-1988), where he headed the Electronic Materials Research Department (1977-1988) and King L. Tai developed high-speed electronic and optoelectronic interconnection technologies, his personal studies centered on semiconductor liquid junction solar cells. His
227:
Between 1987 and 2010 Heller introduced electron conducting hydrogels, the only known aqueous phases that conduct electrons having no leached redox couples. With these he electrically wired reaction centers of electron transferring enzymes to electrodes, transducing their turnover rates to electrical
337:
In 1996, Heller co-founded with his son
Ephraim Heller TheraSense, a company acquired by Abbott Laboratories in 2004 for $ 1.2 billion. The company is now Abbott Diabetes Care. Heller was the first Chief Technical Officer of TheraSense and as of December 2021 continued to consult to Abbott Diabetes
328:
With James J. Auborn and
Kenneth W. French, Heller showed that unlike in water metallic lithium does not corrode in the boiling inorganic oxychlorides thionyl chloride or sulfuryl chloride. The metal's surface is passivated against corrosion by a thin film of lithium chloride. They introduced
385:
The absence of leachable matter from wired enzyme electrodes enabled their use in the blood of animals and in their subcutaneous fluid. To maintain the constancy of the transduction of substrate concentration into an electrical current, Heller and his coworkers overcoated the “wired” enzyme
363:
Heller showed in 1966 that the cause of radiationless relaxation of excited rare earth ions in solutions was energy transfer to hydrogen atom containing solvents that vibrate at high frequencies. By dissolving neodymium salts in selenium oxychloride, he created the first inorganic liquid lasers.
410:
For his electrochemical biosensors that improved the lives of diabetic people worldwide Heller was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2009; was made the 78th Honorary Member of The Electrochemical Society in 2015; the 2019 Honorable Member of the Israel Chemical Society;
414:
For his radiation-less relaxation studies in liquids, liquid lasers, primary lithium thionyl chloride battery, 10% efficient electrochemical solar cells and environmental photocatalysis, he was made in 1982 Guest Professor of the college de France; was elected to the U.S. National Academy of
219:
In 1996, Heller co-founded with his son Ephraim Heller TheraSense Inc. In 2000, the company's Freestyle micro-coulometric blood glucose assaying system made the monitoring of blood glucose by diabetic people painless by reducing the required blood volume to 300 nL. TheraSense was acquired by
381:
After discovering in 1987 at Bell Labs with Yinon Degani that the glycoprotein of glucose oxidase can be made electron conducting by covalently binding to it redox functions through which electrons hopped, Heller and his colleagues designed at the University of Texas between 1989 and 2005
406:
In a 2008 White House ceremony, President George W. Bush awarded Adam Heller for his innovations in electrochemical diabetes management technologies the 2007 United States National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the highest technology award in the United States.
208:(born June 25, 1933) is an Israeli American scientist and engineer. He is Chief Science Officer of SynAgile Corp. of Wilson, Wyoming, consults to Abbott Diabetes Care of Alameda, California, and is Ernest Cockrell Sr. Chair Emeritus of Engineering at
422:
of The Electrochemical Society; the 1987 David C. Grahame Award of the Physical Electrochemistry Division of The Electrochemical Society; and the 1996 Faraday Medal of the electrochemistry section of the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK.
238:
According to Google Scholar, Heller's patents and publications were cited 133,300 times and their h-index was 176 as of December 12, 2021. Heller is co-inventor or inventor of 293 granted US Patents and he ranks #192 on Knowledge's
1434:
Direct electrical communication between chemically modified enzymes and metal electrodes. I. Electron transfer from glucose oxidase to metal electrodes via electron relays, bound covalently to the enzyme
216:. Their 3.6-volt lithium thionyl chloride and 3.7-volt lithium sulfuryl chloride batteries remain in use in applications requiring very high energy density and a shelf life of 20 years or more.
445:
Auborn, James J.; French, Kenneth W.; Lieberman, Sheldon I.; Shah, Vinod K.; Heller, Adam (1973). "Lithium Anode Cells Operating at Room Temperature in Inorganic Electrolytic Solutions".
674:
Csoeregi, David W. Schmidtke and Adam Heller, Elisabeth (1995). "Design and Optimization of a Selective Subcutaneously Implantable Glucose Electrode Based on "Wired" Glucose Oxidase".
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Direct electrical communication between chemically modified enzymes and metal electrodes. 2. Methods for bonding electron-transfer relays to glucose oxidase and D-amino-acid oxidase
2152:
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Heller's 2018-2020 studies revealed the presence of potentially pathogenic endogenous hydrated calcium oxalate crystals and exogenous titanium dioxide crystals in the
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within the walls of the Iris Brickyard. In late May of the same year, the prisoners of the ghetto at Kolozsvár were transported out of the ghetto as part of the
418:
For his contributions to electrochemical science and technology he received the 1978 Award of the Battery Division of The Electrochemical Society; the 1988
1649:
Redox polymer films containing enzymes. 1. A redox-conducting epoxy cement: synthesis, characterization, and electrocatalytic oxidation of hydroquinone
268:, the Hungarian administration confiscated his family's property, and they were forcibly relocated along with more than 18,000 other Jews to the
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Electrical communication between redox centers of glucose oxidase and electrodes via electrostatically and covalently bound redox polymers
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Potentially Pathogenic Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate and Titanium Dioxide Crystals in the Alzheimer's Disease Entorhinal Cortex
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Chang, K.C. (1977). "Stable semiconductor liquid junction cell with 9 percent solar-to-electrical conversion efficiency".
169:
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His continuous non-invasive oral drug delivery system forms the basis of SynAgile Corporation's investigational DopaFuse
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Continuous amperometric monitoring of glucose in a brittle diabetic chimpanzee with a miniature subcutaneous electrode
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Conversion of sunlight into electrical power and photoassisted electrolysis of water in photoelectrochemical cells.
240:
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Role of the Oxygen Molecule and of the Photogenerated Electron in TiO2-Photocatalyzed Air Oxidation Reactions
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Efficient solar to chemical conversion: 12% efficient photoassisted electrolysis in the /HCl-KCl/Pt(Rh) cell
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Heller serves as Chief Scientific Officer of Synagile Corporation, a venture developing a continuous oral
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Amperometric glucose microelectrodes prepared through immobilization of glucose oxidase in redox hydrogels
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Photocatalytic oxidation of organic molecules at titanium dioxide particles by sunlight in aerated water
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of Parkinson's disease patients and in the entorhinal cortex of deceased Alzheimer's disease patients.
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Scientist in the Service of Israel The Life and Times of Ernst David Bergmann (1903-1975)
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Redox polymer films containing enzymes. 2. Glucose oxidase containing enzyme electrodes
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FreeStyle: a small-volume electrochemical glucose sensor for home blood glucose testing
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The role of oxygen in photooxidation of organic molecules on semiconductor particles
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High-gain room-temperature liquid laser: trivalent neodymium in selenium oxychloride
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It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
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Auborn, James J.; French, Kenneth W; Heller, Adam (1974). Craig S.Tadmon (ed.).
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STREETJOURNAL, Thomas M. BurtonStaff Reporter of THE WALL (January 14, 2004).
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Electrochemical Glucose Sensors and Their Applications in Diabetes Management
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Chemistry and Applications of Photocatalytic Oxidation of Thin Organic Films
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Electron-conducting redox hydrogels: design, characteristics and synthesis
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Rezso Kasztner: The Daring Rescue of Hungarian Jews: A Survivor's Account
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Rezso Kasztner: The Daring Rescue of Hungarian Jews: A Survivor's Account
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2043:"Charles N. Reilley Award – The Society for Electroanalytical Chemistry"
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Photooxidative self-cleaning transparent titanium dioxide films on glass
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Implanted electrochemical glucose sensors for the management of diabetes
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and in 1963-1964 he was a Postdoctoral Member of the Technical Staff of
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high energy density, high-voltage, non-rechargeable lithium batteries
212:. His 1973 paper with James J. Auborn established the feasibility of
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Continuous oral delivery of L-DOPA for managing Parkinson's disease
273:
544:"Abbott Agrees to Pay $ 1.2 Billion to Buy Glucose-Test Maker"
20:
2213:
Pishko, Michael V.; Michael, Adrian C.; Heller, Adam (1991).
235:/Carbidopa delivery system for managing Parkinson's disease.
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Orchin, Milton; Fenichel, Henry; Jensen, William B. (2011).
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Electrochemical solar cells and environmental photocatalysis
876:
Corrosion and Compatibility Studies in Inorganic Oxyhalides
622:
Electrical connection of enzyme redox centers to electrodes
1913:
Heller, Adam; Coofman, Sheryl S.; Jarvis, Karalee (2020).
307:. In 1962-1963 he was a Post-doctoral Research Fellow at
1150:
Heller, Adam (1984). "Hydrogen-evolving solar cells".
787:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 129.
35:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
390:
Crystals in the Alzheimer’s disease entorhinal cortex
1694:. Vol. 108. Washington, DC. pp. 2482–2505.
350:systems for managing advanced Parkinson's disease.
187:
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785:The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary
256:Adam Heller was born in 1933 to Jewish parents in
1979:National Science and Technology Medals Foundation
878:. The Electrochemical Society. pp. 56–51.
279:. Heller and his immediate family survived on
8:
2262:. Madeira Park, BC: Douglas & McIntyre.
1787:. Vol. 95. et al. pp. 6379–6382.
1377:. Vol. 10. et al. pp. 2842–2848.
1291:. Vol. 95. et al. pp. 5633–5638.
1099:Heller, Adam; Vadimsky, Richard G. (1981).
241:List of the World's Most Prolific Inventors
823:Landé, Peter; Field, Joyce (August 2008).
77:
1930:
1854:Heller, Adam; Coofman, Sheryl S. (2019).
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849:Society for Electroanalytical Chemistry.
299:Heller received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
487:. Vol. 2. et al. pp. 221–229.
1997:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1734:Electrochemistry in Diabetes Management
1717:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1330:Gerischer, Heinz; Heller, Adam (1992).
1201:Gerischer, Heinz; Heller, Adam (1991).
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2326:Israeli emigrants to the United States
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1647:Gregg, Brian A.; Heller, Adam (1991).
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1604:Gregg, Brian A.; Heller, Adam (1991).
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1158:(4641). Washington, D. C.: 1141–1148.
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447:Journal of the Electrochemical Society
2087:e.V, Deutsche Diabetes-Gesellschaft.
1522:. Vol. 111. pp. 2357–2358.
1479:. Vol. 110. pp. 2615–2620.
16:Israeli-American engineer (born 1933)
7:
2217:. Vol. 63. pp. 2268–2272.
1858:. Vol. 10. pp. 3415–3418.
1651:. Vol. 95. pp. 5970–5971.
1608:. Vol. 95. pp. 5976–5980.
1518:Degani, Yinon; Heller, Adam (1989).
1475:Degani, Yinon; Heller, Adam (1988).
1436:. Vol. 91. pp. 1285–1289.
1432:Degani, Yinon; Heller, Adam (1987).
1205:. Vol. 95. pp. 5261–5267.
1103:. Vol. 46. pp. 1153–1156.
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615:
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2178:. Hebrew University, Magnes Press.
1732:Heller, Adam; Feldman, Ben (2010).
1690:Heller, Adam; Feldman, Ben (2008).
1334:. Vol. 139. pp. 113–118.
377:Electron conducting redox hydrogels
2093:Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft e.V
2057:"ACS Award For Creative Invention"
1917:. Vol. 77. pp. 547–550.
1736:. Vol. 43. pp. 963–973.
1565:. Vol. 23. pp. 128–134.
1563:Electrical wiring of redox enzymes
1248:. Vol. 28. pp. 503–508.
1077:. Vol. 14. pp. 154–162.
568:. Vol. 10. pp. 664–672.
309:University of California, Berkeley
14:
919:. Vol. 9. pp. 106–108.
851:"Adam Heller - 2004 Reilly Award"
825:"The Rudolph Kasztner Transports"
718:. Vol. 1. pp. 153–175.
333:Painless blood glucose monitoring
210:The University of Texas at Austin
1856:Crystals in the Substantia Nigra
973:. Vol. 20. pp. 35–41.
812:. New York: Pimlico. p. 97.
303:in 1961, where he studied under
88:
46:. Please discuss further on the
25:
2153:"Electrochemistry Group Awards"
1287:Schwitzgebel, Jorge J. (1995).
2089:"Adam-Heller-Projektförderung"
724:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.1.1.153
1:
1172:10.1126/science.223.4641.1141
1042:10.1126/science.196.4294.1097
170:University of Texas at Austin
1864:10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00318
315:in Murray Hill, New Jersey.
2071:"The Torbern Bergman Medal"
1117:10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.1153
1028:(4294). et al.: 1097–1099.
224:in 2004 for $ 1.2 billion.
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2157:Royal Society of Chemistry
574:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.09.018
1783:Wagner, Jason G. (1998).
783:Braham, Randolph (2000).
493:10.1089/15209150050025177
285:British Mandate Palestine
283:. In 1945, he arrived in
264:. In 1944, following the
199:
142:
87:
2139:"Vittorio de Nora Award"
550:– via www.wsj.com.
2277:Löb, Ladislaus (2009).
1802:10.1073/pnas.95.11.6379
971:Laser action in liquids
808:Löb, Ladislaus (2009).
359:Neodymium liquid lasers
341:
420:Vittorio de Nora Award
402:Awards and recognition
2258:Porter, Anna (2008).
2011:"Honorary Membership"
1561:Heller, Adam (1990).
1391:10.1557/JMR.1995.2842
1244:Heller, Adam (1995).
1071:Heller, Adam (1981).
969:Heller, Adam (1967).
915:Heller, Adam (1966).
880:CAPLUS AN 1976:138293
714:Heller, Adam (1999).
620:Heller, Adam (1992).
564:Heller, Adam (2006).
483:Feldman, Ben (2000).
44:neutral point of view
676:Analytical Chemistry
305:Ernst David Bergmann
182:Ernst David Bergmann
154:Chemical Engineering
2281:. Random House UK.
2223:10.1021/ac00020a014
1793:1998PNAS...95.6379W
1657:10.1021/j100168a046
1614:10.1021/j100168a047
1571:10.1021/ar00173a002
1528:10.1021/ja00188a091
1485:10.1021/ja00216a040
1442:10.1021/j100290a001
1383:1995JMatR..10.2842P
1373:Paz, Yaron (1995).
1254:10.1021/ar00060a006
1211:10.1021/j100166a063
1164:1984Sci...223.1141H
1109:1981PhRvL..46.1153H
1083:10.1021/ar00065a004
1034:1977Sci...196.1097C
979:1967PhT....20k..34H
925:1966ApPhL...9..106H
688:10.1021/ac00103a015
638:10.1021/j100188a007
630:1992uta..reptS....H
548:Wall Street Journal
459:1973JElS..120.1613A
287:, which became the
266:Second Vienna Award
222:Abbott Laboratories
2025:"Honorable Member"
1923:10.3233/jad-200535
770:scholar.google.com
262:Kingdom of Romania
2269:978-1-55365-403-2
2107:"Dr. Adam Heller"
1742:10.1021/ar9002015
1340:10.1149/1.2069154
1297:10.1021/JP9624921
987:10.1063/1.3034020
933:10.1063/1.1754664
467:10.1149/1.2403315
324:Lithium batteries
313:Bell Laboratories
301:Hebrew University
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144:Scientific career
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188:Notable students
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1999:. May 31, 2023.
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281:Kastner's train
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112:(age 91)
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206:Adam Heller
125:Nationality
82:Adam Heller
2300:Categories
794:0814326919
427:References
319:Technology
106:1933-06-25
56:March 2022
2249:ignored (
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295:Education
291:in 1948.
252:Holocaust
247:Biography
192:Yaron Paz
119:, Romania
48:talk page
1941:32804151
1872:31257859
1750:20384299
1188:97592191
1180:17742920
1050:17778547
834:June 16,
732:11701486
582:17035075
509:11469262
354:Research
128:American
2231:1759711
1932:7592648
1821:9600973
1789:Bibcode
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1152:Science
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2074:(PDF)
1876:S2CID
1812:27726
1395:S2CID
1184:S2CID
1054:S2CID
2283:ISBN
2264:ISBN
2251:help
2227:PMID
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274:Nazi
258:Cluj
117:Cluj
100:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
