97:
22:
88:
420:
289:
611:
1727:
876:
reactions, are utilized in various processes throughout the body as a source of energy, ATP production is necessary to further create energy for those mammalian cells. AMPK, as a cellular energy sensor, is activated by decreasing levels of ATP, which is naturally accompanied by increasing levels of
931:
pathways to regenerate ATP. Catabolic mechanisms, which generate ATP through the release of energy from breaking down molecules, are activated by the AMPK enzyme while anabolic mechanisms, which utilize energy from ATP to form products, are inhibited. Though the
1844:
186:
2211:
179:
1837:
1604:
Xiao B, Sanders MJ, Underwood E, Heath R, Mayer FV, Carmena D, Jing C, Walker PA, Eccleston JF, Haire LF, Saiu P, Howell SA, Aasland R, Martin SR, Carling D, Gamblin SJ (April 2011).
936:
subunit can bind AMP/ADP/ATP, only the binding of AMP/ADP results in a conformational shift of the enzyme protein. This variance in AMP/ADP versus ATP binding leads to a shift in the
624:
3155:
892:
for AMPK. Furthermore, other studies suggest that the high ratio of AMP:ATP levels in cells, rather than just AMP, activate AMPK. For example, the AMP-activated kinases of
1830:
443:
InChI=1S/C10H14N5O7P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(22-10)1-21-23(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
469:
453:
InChI=1/C10H14N5O7P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(22-10)1-21-23(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
1427:
Faubert B, Vincent EE, Poffenberger MC, Jones RG (January 2015). "The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cancer: many faces of a metabolic regulator".
2429:
1565:"Adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase and its key role in catabolism: structure, regulation, biological activity, and pharmacological activation"
3148:
4328:
96:
3259:
4689:
4611:
4548:
1280:
5079:
2547:
43:
3141:
978:. cAMP plays an important role in intracellular signaling. In skeletal muscle, cyclic AMP, triggered by adrenaline, starts a cascade (
3511:
3491:
1711:
1678:
434:
65:
87:
4664:
2422:
2846:
2191:
2186:
963:
307:
4213:
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4193:
872:
energy processes during times of high cellular energy expenditure, such as exercise. Since ATP cleavage, and corresponding
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4343:
4318:
2516:
631:
5059:
4158:
4153:
3264:
2866:
2841:
2481:
2329:
2143:
2138:
865:
377:
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4323:
4223:
2367:
2362:
2158:
398:
344:
4313:
3240:
795:
When RNA is broken down by living systems, nucleoside monophosphates, including adenosine monophosphate, are formed.
36:
30:
3950:
5084:
4531:
4368:
4168:
3768:
3421:
2415:
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2278:
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2168:
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2100:
1817:
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2621:
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2293:
2245:
1392:
Carling D, Mayer FV, Sanders MJ, Gamblin SJ (July 2011). "AMP-activated protein kinase: nature's energy sensor".
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47:
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2110:
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completely inactivates catalytic function. AMP/ADP protects AMPK from being inactivated by binding to the
894:
829:
770:
700:
4994:
4238:
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5019:
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1267:
Valberg, Stephanie J. (1 January 2008), Kaneko, J. Jerry; Harvey, John W.; Bruss, Michael L. (eds.),
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2019:
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2052:
1759:"Blocking taste receptor activation of gustducin inhibits gustatory responses to bitter compounds"
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1996:
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1976:
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881:
732:
724:
497:
4398:
4363:
4077:
4040:
3970:
3788:
3303:
1467:"AMP-activated protein kinase—an energy sensor that regulates all aspects of cell function"
711:
activating enzymes such as myophosphorylase-b. AMP is also a component in the synthesis of
386:
4679:
4087:
4082:
4055:
4030:
3601:
3541:
3164:
3052:
1966:
1895:
1001:
873:
699:
AMP plays an important role in many cellular metabolic processes, being interconverted to
678:
246:
1524:"Energy sensing by the AMP-activated protein kinase and its effects on muscle metabolism"
1774:
1665:. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 233. Springer, Cham. pp. 29–49.
1621:
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288:
206:
155:
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2047:
1986:
1793:
1758:
1061:
1036:
1016:
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774:
572:
562:
277:
1210:"Interaction among Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Energy Systems during Intense Exercise"
5039:
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4142:
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2788:
2711:
2613:
2042:
1885:
1853:
810:
2573:
1345:"AMPK and the biochemistry of exercise: implications for human health and disease"
970:
makes cAMP from ATP, and typically this reaction is regulated by hormones such as
1440:
1320:
1303:
915:-subunit of AMPK, leading to the activation of the kinase, and then eventually a
366:
4851:
4808:
4751:
4746:
4702:
4659:
4624:
4508:
4413:
4015:
3706:
3686:
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941:
869:
689:
1763:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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4788:
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2901:
2861:
2742:
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2719:
2665:
2446:
2071:
2009:
2004:
1939:
1902:
1862:
1728:"15.3: Glycogenolyis and its Regulation by Glucagon and Epinephrine Signaling"
1540:
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1120:
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920:
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682:
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534:
297:
237:
3133:
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2970:
2774:
2680:
2593:
2037:
1961:
1956:
1929:
1822:
1783:
1026:
940:
state for the enzyme. The dephosphorylation of AMPK through various protein
928:
848:
760:
685:
659:
1802:
1688:
1647:
1590:
1581:
1564:
1549:
1508:
1448:
1413:
1378:
1329:
1253:
1169:
1151:
982:) for the conversion of myophosphorylase-b into the phosphorylated form of
1226:
1183:
4934:
4929:
4820:
4493:
4050:
3571:
3551:
3456:
3293:
2891:
2755:
2660:
2471:
1981:
1917:
1890:
1482:
1405:
975:
257:
1670:
1629:
266:
5043:
5014:
4984:
4954:
4904:
4654:
4639:
4498:
4248:
4127:
4105:
3903:
3441:
3213:
3196:
3091:
3007:
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2521:
2491:
1991:
1971:
1912:
1880:
1875:
1360:
1302:
Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Gratteri S, Muscoli C, Mollace V (June 2016).
889:
833:
670:
552:
353:
5009:
5004:
4716:
3923:
3918:
3883:
3611:
2598:
2526:
1907:
1870:
1208:
Baker, Julien S.; McCormick, Marie Clare; Robergs, Robert A. (2010).
826:
663:
217:
2407:
601:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
1136:"Spontaneous Formation of RNA Strands, Peptidyl RNA, and Cofactors"
327:
4473:
4035:
3975:
2820:
2626:
1021:
905:
674:
197:
185:
178:
168:
4132:
3843:
3536:
3506:
318:
3137:
2411:
1826:
996:
802:
AMP + ATP → 2 ADP (adenylate kinase in the opposite direction)
712:
15:
4690:
4612:
4549:
908:
and plant kinases were not allosterically activated by AMP.
727:
bond associated with ADP and ATP. AMP can be produced from
403:
809:→ ATP (this step is most often performed in aerobes by the
567:
178 to 185 °C (352 to 365 °F; 451 to 458 K)
1273:
1107:"Nomenclature of Carbohydrates: (Recommendations 1996)".
1606:"Structure of mammalian AMPK and its regulation by ADP"
619:
948:-subunit and maintaining the dephosphorylation state.
735:
reaction when the ATP reservoir in the cell is low:
4894:
4844:
4732:
4715:
4688:
4610:
4547:
4530:
4141:
3720:
3705:
3222:
3191:
3174:
3079:
3045:
3025:
3018:
3006:
2969:
2962:
2952:
2920:
2829:
2819:
2787:
2767:
2689:
2648:
2639:
2612:
2561:
2535:
2464:
2455:
2445:
2306:
2224:
2177:
2129:
2081:
2070:
2018:
1947:
1938:
1861:
866:
5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
306:
3260:4'-O-β-D-Glucosyl-9-O-(6''-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil
1304:"Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion"
962:AMP can also exist as a cyclic structure known as
1757:Ming D, Ninomiya Y, Margolskee RF (August 1999).
1134:Jauker M, Griesser H, Richert C (November 2015).
1563:Krishan S, Richardson DR, Sahni S (March 2015).
904:were found to have been activated by AMP, while
577:798.5 °C (1,469.3 °F; 1,071.7 K)
365:
1275:, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 459–484,
154:
3727:
884:for AMPK, some studies suggest that AMP is an
880:Though phosphorylation appears to be the main
851:, which is excreted from the body in mammals.
847:, adenosine monophosphate can be converted to
4695:Tooltip Plasma membrane monoamine transporter
4617:Tooltip Equilibrative nucleoside transporters
4554:Tooltip Concentrative nucleoside transporters
3149:
2423:
1838:
1661:Ravnskjaer K, Madiraju A, Montminy M (2015).
1460:
1458:
919:of other processes such as the activation of
715:. AMP is present in all known forms of life.
8:
966:(or cAMP). Within certain cells the enzyme
4729:
4544:
3717:
3188:
3156:
3142:
3134:
3076:
3042:
3022:
3013:
2966:
2959:
2926:
2826:
2793:
2645:
2461:
2452:
2430:
2416:
2408:
2312:
2228:
2078:
1944:
1845:
1831:
1823:
798:AMP can be regenerated to ATP as follows:
482:c1nc(c2c(n1)n(cn2)3(((O3)COP(=O)(O)O)O)O)N
418:
287:
245:
79:
1792:
1782:
1637:
1580:
1539:
1498:
1368:
1319:
1243:
1225:
1159:
385:
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
4734:
1528:The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
769:AMP can also be formed by hydrolysis of
29:This article includes a list of general
1269:"Chapter 15 - Skeletal Muscle Function"
1073:
474:
439:
414:
343:
265:
1343:Richter EA, Ruderman NB (March 2009).
278:
446:Key: UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N
225:
205:
7:
1082:"Adenosine monophosphate (Compound)"
477:O=P(O)(O)OC3O(n2cnc1c(ncnc12)N)(O)3O
1308:International Journal of Cardiology
1214:Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
456:Key: UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUBP
356:
326:
4116:Tetramethylpyrazine (ligustrazine)
723:AMP does not have the high energy
527:
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1109:Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry
855:Physiological role in regulation
692:it takes the form of the prefix
609:
515:
509:
95:
86:
20:
1704:Quick Look Medicine: Metabolism
1465:Hardie DG (15 September 2011).
860:AMP-activated kinase regulation
605:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
3732:Tooltip Adenosine triphosphate
2676:Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
743:Or AMP may be produced by the
521:
503:
1:
5060:Receptor/signaling modulators
3422:8-Phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine
1188:The Human Metabolome Database
1441:10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.018
1321:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.109
868:, or AMPK, utilizes AMP for
733:myokinase (adenylate kinase)
5080:Adenosine receptor agonists
1522:Hardie DG (February 2011).
864:The eukaryotic cell enzyme
124:methyl dihydrogen phosphate
5116:
4562:6-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone
3269:-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
2075:(Nucleoside monophosphate)
1702:Coffee, Carole J. (1999).
955:
821:AMP can be converted into
719:Production and degradation
539:347.22 g/mol
133:Adenosine 5'-monophosphate
5053:
2929:
2796:
2482:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
2477:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
2358:
2315:
2269:
2231:
1930:Unnatural base pair (UBP)
1541:10.1017/S0029665110003915
1184:"Adenosine monophosphate"
1121:10.1080/07328309708005748
815:oxidative phosphorylation
599:
547:white crystalline powder
490:
465:
430:
138:
130:
118:
108:
103:
94:
85:
4739:Tooltip Xanthine oxidase
2666:Epinephrine (adrenaline)
81:Adenosine monophosphate
4329:UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
2308:Nucleoside triphosphate
1784:10.1073/pnas.96.17.9903
1471:Genes & Development
1394:Nature Chemical Biology
1349:The Biochemical Journal
1057:Guanosine monophosphate
1047:Monopotassium glutamate
986:-a for glycogenolysis.
901:Drosophila melanogaster
845:purine nucleotide cycle
644:Adenosine monophosphate
345:Adenosine+monophosphate
50:more precise citations.
4773:Cinnamomum osmophloeum
3482:Choline theophyllinate
3101:Carbonyl sulfide (COS)
2702:N-Methylphenethylamine
2261:Xanthosine diphosphate
2225:Nucleoside diphosphate
1706:. Hayes Barton Press.
1582:10.1124/mol.114.095810
1569:Molecular Pharmacology
1152:10.1002/anie.201506593
1115:(8): 1191–1280. 1997.
980:cAMP-dependent pathway
895:Caenorhabditis elegans
830:myoadenylate deaminase
701:adenosine triphosphate
4016:Opiranserin (VVZ-149)
3357:-Cyclopentyladenosine
2842:2-AGE (noladin ether)
823:inosine monophosphate
749:high energy phosphate
705:adenosine diphosphate
120:Systematic IUPAC name
4815:Pistacia integerrima
4121:Ligusticum wallichii
4099:Ligusticum wallichii
3427:8-Phenyltheophylline
3417:8-Chlorotheophylline
3367:Neladenoson dalanate
3053:Carbon monoxide (CO)
1483:10.1101/gad.17420111
1406:10.1038/nchembio.610
886:allosteric regulator
658:. AMP consists of a
3058:Hydrogen sulfide (H
2912:Virodhamine (O-AEA)
2131:Deoxyribonucleotide
2020:Deoxyribonucleoside
1923:Pyrimidine analogue
1775:1999PNAS...96.9903M
1671:10.1007/164_2015_32
1630:10.1038/nature09932
1622:2011Natur.472..230X
1227:10.1155/2010/905612
1012:Glutamate flavoring
82:
3115:Sulfur dioxide (SO
3026:Cholinergic system
2728:Phenylethanolamine
2707:N-Methyltryptamine
2671:NAS (normelatonin)
2458:inhibitory systems
2456:Major excitatory /
1732:Biology LibreTexts
1435:(2 Pt A): 165–70.
1361:10.1042/BJ20082055
1052:Disodium inosinate
1042:Disodium glutamate
707:(ADP), as well as
632:Infobox references
80:
5085:Neurotransmitters
5067:
5066:
4890:
4889:
4867:Mycophenolic acid
4726:
4711:
4710:
4541:
4526:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4093:Angelica sinensis
3185:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3075:
3074:
3067:Nitric oxide (NO)
3041:
3040:
3014:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2783:
2782:
2697:3-Iodothyronamine
2635:
2634:
2439:Neurotransmitters
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2302:
2301:
2220:
2219:
2179:Cyclic nucleotide
2066:
2065:
1663:Metabolic Control
1477:(18): 1895–1908.
1282:978-0-12-370491-7
1140:Angewandte Chemie
1007:Phosphodiesterase
968:adenylate cyclase
938:dephosphorylation
911:AMP binds to the
739:2 ADP → ATP + AMP
662:group, the sugar
650:), also known as
640:Chemical compound
638:
637:
399:CompTox Dashboard
187:Interactive image
180:Interactive image
76:
75:
68:
5107:
5095:Phosphate esters
4740:
4736:
4730:
4720:
4696:
4692:
4618:
4614:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4535:
3929:Rheum officinale
3733:
3729:
3718:
3462:Caffeine citrate
3412:7-Methylxanthine
3245:-methyladenosine
3189:
3179:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3135:
3106:Nitrous oxide (N
3077:
3046:Gasotransmitters
3043:
3023:
2967:
2960:
2927:
2862:Anandamide (AEA)
2830:Endocannabinoids
2827:
2794:
2681:Serotonin (5-HT)
2646:
2465:Glutamate system
2462:
2453:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2409:
2313:
2229:
2079:
2000:-Methyladenosine
1977:5-Methylcytidine
1945:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1824:
1806:
1796:
1786:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1734:. 1 January 2022
1724:
1718:
1717:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1641:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1323:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1229:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1078:
1032:Tien Chu Ve-Tsin
725:phosphoanhydride
652:5'-adenylic acid
622:
616:
613:
612:
529:
523:
517:
511:
505:
498:Chemical formula
423:
422:
407:
405:
389:
369:
358:
347:
330:
310:
291:
280:
269:
249:
229:
209:
189:
182:
158:
113:5′-Adenylic acid
99:
90:
83:
71:
64:
60:
57:
51:
46:this article by
37:inline citations
24:
23:
16:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5049:
4886:
4840:
4738:
4719:
4707:
4694:
4684:
4680:Propentofylline
4630:Benzodiazepines
4616:
4606:
4553:
4534:
4518:
4137:
4088:Sodium ferulate
4056:Radix puerariae
4031:Phenolphthalein
3731:
3724:
3709:
3701:
3602:Propentofylline
3542:Isovaleric acid
3226:
3218:
3178:
3170:
3165:Purine receptor
3162:
3132:
3123:
3118:
3109:
3095:
3071:
3061:
3037:
2994:
2940:
2916:
2807:
2779:
2763:
2685:
2641:Biogenic amines
2631:
2608:
2557:
2531:
2457:
2441:
2436:
2406:
2397:
2354:
2298:
2265:
2216:
2173:
2125:
2074:
2062:
2058:Deoxyxanthosine
2014:
1967:5-Methyluridine
1934:
1896:Purine analogue
1857:
1851:
1818:GMD MS Spectrum
1814:
1809:
1756:
1752:
1750:Further reading
1747:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1681:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1616:(7342): 230–3.
1603:
1602:
1598:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1146:(48): 14564–9.
1133:
1132:
1128:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1002:Oligonucleotide
992:
984:myophoshorylase
960:
954:
874:phosphorylation
862:
857:
808:
790:
784:
764:
758:
721:
679:phosphoric acid
641:
634:
629:
628:
627: ?)
618:
614:
610:
606:
591:
526:
520:
514:
508:
500:
486:
483:
478:
473:
472:
461:
458:
457:
454:
448:
447:
444:
438:
437:
426:
408:
401:
392:
372:
359:
333:
313:
300:
272:
252:
232:
212:
192:
172:
161:
148:
134:
126:
125:
114:
72:
61:
55:
52:
42:Please help to
41:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
5113:
5111:
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5102:
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5048:
5047:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4769:
4767:Cinnamaldehyde
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4743:
4741:
4727:
4713:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4699:
4697:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4670:Pentoxifylline
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4621:
4619:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4556:
4542:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4147:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3737:
3735:
3715:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3592:Pentoxifylline
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3547:Istradefylline
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:2-(1-Hexynyl)-
3234:
3232:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3209:8-Aminoadenine
3202:
3200:
3186:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3138:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2733:Phenethylamine
2730:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2562:Glycine system
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2507:Kynurenic acid
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2459:
2450:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2083:Ribonucleotide
2076:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Deoxyguanosine
2030:
2028:Deoxyadenosine
2024:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1949:Ribonucleoside
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1812:External links
1810:
1808:
1807:
1769:(17): 9903–8.
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1719:
1712:
1694:
1679:
1653:
1596:
1555:
1514:
1454:
1429:Cancer Letters
1419:
1384:
1335:
1294:
1281:
1259:
1200:
1175:
1126:
1099:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
991:
988:
956:Main article:
953:
950:
890:direct agonist
861:
858:
856:
853:
819:
818:
806:
803:
793:
792:
788:
782:
767:
766:
762:
756:
741:
740:
720:
717:
709:allosterically
639:
636:
635:
630:
608:
607:
603:standard state
600:
597:
596:
595:0.9, 3.8, 6.1
593:
589:
579:
578:
575:
569:
568:
565:
559:
558:
555:
549:
548:
545:
541:
540:
537:
531:
530:
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411:
409:
397:
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390:
382:
380:
374:
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371:
370:
362:
360:
352:
349:
348:
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335:
334:
332:
331:
323:
321:
315:
314:
312:
311:
303:
301:
296:
293:
292:
282:
274:
273:
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262:
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116:
115:
112:
106:
105:
101:
100:
92:
91:
74:
73:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5112:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5052:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4757:Benzbromarone
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4714:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4693:
4687:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4529:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4389:AR-C 118925XX
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:UDP-galactose
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:Chelerythrine
3912:
3910:
3909:Calmidazolium
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Cibacron blue
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3730:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:Theodrenaline
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:Proxyphylline
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:Aminophylline
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3120:
3113:
3111:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3034:
3033:Acetylcholine
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:Miscellaneous
3017:
3012:
3009:
3005:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Neurosteroids
2919:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Neuropeptides
2786:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:Deoxycytidine
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:Pseudouridine
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1715:
1713:1-59377-192-4
1709:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1680:9783319298047
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1575:(3): 363–77.
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:(2): 261–75.
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1062:Inosinic acid
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:Glutamic acid
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1017:Kikunae Ikeda
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
989:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
959:
951:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
926:
923:pathways and
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
902:
897:
896:
891:
888:as well as a
887:
883:
878:
877:ADP and AMP.
875:
871:
867:
859:
854:
852:
850:
846:
843:pathway, the
842:
837:
835:
832:, freeing an
831:
828:
824:
816:
812:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
791:
780:
779:
778:
776:
775:pyrophosphate
773:into AMP and
772:
765:
754:
753:
752:
751:bond of ADP:
750:
746:
738:
737:
736:
734:
730:
726:
718:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
633:
626:
621:
604:
598:
594:
588:
584:
581:
580:
576:
574:
573:Boiling point
571:
570:
566:
564:
563:Melting point
561:
560:
556:
554:
551:
550:
546:
543:
542:
538:
536:
533:
532:
502:
499:
495:
494:
489:
480:
475:
471:
464:
450:
440:
436:
429:
421:
417:
416:DTXSID5022560
413:
412:
410:
400:
396:
395:
388:
384:
383:
381:
379:
376:
375:
368:
364:
363:
361:
355:
351:
350:
346:
342:
340:
337:
336:
329:
325:
324:
322:
320:
317:
316:
309:
305:
304:
302:
299:
295:
294:
290:
286:
283:
281:
279:ECHA InfoCard
276:
275:
268:
264:
263:
261:
259:
256:
255:
248:
244:
243:
241:
239:
236:
235:
228:
224:
223:
221:
219:
216:
215:
208:
204:
203:
201:
199:
196:
195:
188:
184:
181:
177:
176:
174:
170:
165:
164:
157:
153:
152:
150:
147:
143:
142:
137:
129:
121:
117:
111:
107:
102:
98:
93:
89:
84:
78:
70:
67:
59:
56:February 2013
49:
45:
39:
38:
32:
27:
18:
17:
5056:
5055:
5040:Chrysophanol
5036:
4980:Hypoxanthine
4914:
4901:
4881:
4877:Pralatrexate
4862:Methotrexate
4857:Azathioprine
4836:Topiroxostat
4813:
4784:Myo-inositol
4771:
4762:Caffeic acid
4675:Progesterone
4645:Dipyridamole
4625:Barbiturates
4602:Progesterone
4384:AR-C 69931MX
4379:AR-C 67085MX
4351:Antagonists:
4350:
4204:AR-C 67085MX
4150:
4119:
4097:
4091:
4054:
4021:Oxidized-ATP
3966:JNJ-47965567
3927:
3851:Antagonists:
3850:
3824:L-β,γ-Me-ATP
3804:D-β,γ-Me-ATP
3763:
3740:
3677:Theophylline
3587:Paraxanthine
3532:Fenethylline
3522:Enprofylline
3487:Ciforadenant
3409:Antagonists:
3408:
3372:Piclidenoson
3354:
3283:
3266:
3250:2-Cl-IB-MECA
3242:
3237:
3205:
3087:Acetaldehyde
2984:
2756:
2748:
2720:
2712:
2690:Trace amines
2090:
2053:Deoxyinosine
2043:Deoxyuridine
1997:
1886:Hypoxanthine
1856:constituents
1854:Nucleic acid
1766:
1762:
1736:. Retrieved
1731:
1722:
1703:
1697:
1662:
1656:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1531:
1527:
1517:
1474:
1470:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1400:(8): 512–8.
1397:
1393:
1387:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1286:, retrieved
1272:
1262:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1085:
1076:
961:
945:
942:phosphatases
933:
912:
910:
899:
893:
879:
863:
838:
820:
811:ATP synthase
797:
794:
768:
742:
722:
698:
693:
651:
647:
643:
642:
586:
139:Identifiers
131:Other names
77:
62:
53:
34:
5090:Nucleotides
4902:Precursors:
4882:Many others
4852:Aminopterin
4809:Phytic acid
4752:Amflutizole
4747:Allopurinol
4703:Decynium-22
4660:Hexobendine
4532:Transporter
4509:Ticlopidine
4414:Clopidogrel
4324:UDP-glucose
4063:Purotoxin 1
3894:AZ-11645373
3889:AZ-10606120
3687:Tracazolate
3667:Theobromine
3652:SCH-442,416
3647:Rolofylline
3597:Preladenant
3467:Cartazolate
3447:Bamifylline
3397:Tecadenoson
3392:Sonedenoson
3387:Selodenoson
3382:SDZ WAG 994
3377:Regadenoson
3362:Namodenoson
3314:Capadenoson
3309:Binodenoson
3304:BAY 60–6583
3092:Ammonia (NH
2963:Nucleosides
2723:-Octopamine
2715:-Octopamine
2627:T-HCA (GHC)
2584:Hypotaurine
2536:GABA system
2487:Glutathione
1534:(1): 92–9.
870:homeostatic
690:substituent
673:. It is an
544:Appearance
491:Properties
285:100.000.455
207:CHEBI:16027
48:introducing
5074:Categories
4872:Pemetrexed
4831:Tisopurine
4804:Oxipurinol
4799:Niraxostat
4789:Kaempferol
4779:Febuxostat
4723:inhibitors
4635:Cilostazol
4597:Phloridzin
4504:Ticagrelor
4374:AR-C 66096
4234:Diquafosol
4179:α,β-Me-ATP
4164:2-Thio-UTP
4073:Ro 0437626
4026:Phenol Red
3941:Gefapixant
3936:Evans blue
3819:Ivermectin
3749:α,β-Me-ATP
3712:nucleotide
3697:ZM-241,385
3682:Tozadenant
3557:MRE3008F20
3517:Dyphylline
3502:Dimethazan
3432:Acefylline
3402:UK-432,097
3334:Evodenoson
3329:CP-532,903
3289:Apadenoson
3168:modulators
3080:Candidates
2954:Nucleobase
2743:Tryptamine
2738:Synephrine
2649:Monoamines
2614:GHB system
2447:Amino acid
2072:Nucleotide
2010:Wybutosine
2005:Xanthosine
1940:Nucleoside
1903:Pyrimidine
1863:Nucleobase
1738:10 October
1288:10 October
1220:: 905612.
1069:References
972:adrenaline
964:cyclic AMP
958:Cyclic AMP
925:inhibition
785:O → AMP +
759:O → AMP +
745:hydrolysis
703:(ATP) and
683:nucleoside
668:nucleobase
666:, and the
656:nucleotide
557:2.32 g/mL
535:Molar mass
387:415SHH325A
298:IUPHAR/BPS
238:ChemSpider
167:3D model (
146:CAS Number
110:IUPAC name
31:references
5057:See also:
4960:Guanosine
4910:Adenosine
4826:Quercetin
4794:Myricetin
4650:Estradiol
4577:Estradiol
4567:Adenosine
4479:Prasugrel
4419:Elinogrel
4409:Cangrelor
4354:2-Me-SAMP
4294:PAPET-ATP
4254:INS-37217
4229:Denufosol
4184:Adenosine
4174:5-OMe-UDP
4159:2-Me-SATP
4154:2-Me-SADP
4151:Agonists:
4046:PSB-12062
3981:Magnesium
3946:GW-791343
3834:PAPET-ATP
3754:Adenosine
3744:2-Me-SATP
3741:Agonists:
3662:Theacrine
3657:SCH-58261
3642:Reversine
3527:Etazolate
3477:CGS-15943
3452:Cafedrine
3324:CGS-21680
3274:Adenosine
3255:2'-MeCCPA
3238:Agonists:
3229:adenosine
3206:Agonists:
2971:Adenosine
2775:Histamine
2759:-Tyramine
2751:-Tyramine
2594:Sarcosine
2574:β-Alanine
2569:α-Alanine
2038:Thymidine
1962:Guanosine
1957:Adenosine
1491:0890-9369
1236:2090-0732
1027:Ajinomoto
921:catabolic
882:activator
849:uric acid
841:catabolic
781:ATP + H
755:ADP + H
694:adenylyl-
686:adenosine
660:phosphate
227:ChEMBL752
4935:Cytidine
4930:Cytosine
4821:Propolis
4587:KGO-2173
4582:KGO-2142
4572:dMeThPmR
4538:blockers
4494:Regrelor
4484:PSB-0739
4454:MRS-2578
4449:MRS-2500
4444:MRS-2395
4439:MRS-2279
4434:MRS-2211
4429:MRS-2179
4304:PSB-1114
4299:PSB-0474
4284:MRS-4062
4279:MRS-2957
4274:MRS-2768
4269:MRS-2693
4264:MRS-2690
4259:MRS-2365
4169:5-Br-UDP
4111:TC-P 262
4051:Puerarin
3986:MRS-2159
3961:isoPPADS
3879:A-839977
3874:A-804598
3869:A-740003
3864:A-438079
3859:A-317491
3829:MRS-2219
3692:VUF-5574
3637:PSB-1115
3582:MRS-3777
3577:MRS-1754
3572:MRS-1706
3567:MRS-1334
3562:MRS-1220
3552:KF-26777
3497:CVT-6883
3472:CGH-2466
3457:Caffeine
3349:LUF-5845
3344:LUF-5835
3339:GR 79236
3294:ATL-146e
3176:Receptor
3010:-derived
2956:-derived
2937:instead.
2892:Oleamide
2823:-derived
2804:instead.
2661:Dopamine
2472:Agmatine
2449:-derived
2202:c-di-AMP
2197:c-di-GMP
1982:Cytidine
1918:Cytosine
1891:Xanthine
1803:10449792
1689:26721678
1648:21399626
1591:25422142
1550:21067629
1509:21937710
1449:24486219
1414:21769098
1379:19196246
1330:26316329
1314:: 8–14.
1254:21188163
1170:26435376
1092:30 April
990:See also
976:glucagon
929:anabolic
681:and the
258:DrugBank
5100:Purines
5044:rhubarb
5037:Others:
5015:Uridine
4985:Inosine
4955:Guanine
4905:Adenine
4655:Ethanol
4640:Dilazep
4592:MeThPmR
4499:Suramin
4404:C1330-7
4249:INS-365
4128:TNP-ATP
4106:Suramin
3904:Calcium
3632:PSB-788
3627:PSB-603
3442:ATL-444
3214:Adenine
3197:adenine
3182:ligands
3008:Vitamin
2902:RVD-Hpα
2857:AA-5-HT
2604:Taurine
2589:Proline
2579:Glycine
2522:Proline
2492:Glycine
1992:Inosine
1972:Uridine
1913:Thymine
1881:Guanine
1876:Adenine
1771:Bibcode
1639:3078618
1618:Bibcode
1500:3185962
1370:2779044
1245:3005844
1161:4678511
1086:PubChem
917:cascade
836:group.
834:ammonia
825:by the
813:during
805:ADP + P
747:of one
731:by the
688:. As a
671:adenine
654:, is a
625:what is
623: (
583:Acidity
553:Density
354:PubChem
267:DB00131
156:61-19-8
44:improve
5010:Uracil
5005:Ribose
4895:Others
4845:Others
4717:Enzyme
4464:NF-340
4459:NF-157
4359:A3P5PS
4289:NF-546
4011:NF-449
4006:NF-279
4001:NF-157
3996:NF-110
3991:NF-023
3924:Emodin
3919:Copper
3884:AF-353
3854:5-BDBD
3814:HT-AMP
3622:PSB-36
3617:PSB-11
3612:PSB-10
2973:system
2847:2-ALPI
2768:Others
2599:Serine
2527:Serine
1908:Uracil
1871:Purine
1801:
1791:
1710:
1687:
1677:
1646:
1636:
1610:Nature
1589:
1548:
1507:
1497:
1489:
1447:
1412:
1377:
1367:
1328:
1279:
1252:
1242:
1234:
1193:3 July
1168:
1158:
1088:. NCBI
827:enzyme
664:ribose
620:verify
617:
470:SMILES
328:C00020
218:ChEMBL
104:Names
33:, but
4665:NBMPR
4474:PPADS
4399:BzATP
4364:AMPαS
4344:UTPγS
4314:UDPβS
4214:ATPγS
4194:ADPβS
4078:Ro 51
4041:PPNDS
4036:PPADS
3976:KN-62
3971:KN-04
3789:BzATP
3784:ATPγS
3512:DPCPX
2882:NAGly
2821:Lipid
2656:6-OHM
2548:GABOB
2212:cGAMP
2207:cADPR
1794:22308
1022:Umami
906:yeast
839:In a
675:ester
435:InChI
198:ChEBI
169:JSmol
4691:PMAT
4613:ENTs
4550:CNTs
4489:RB-2
4424:Ip5I
4369:Ap4A
4334:Up3U
4224:dATP
4199:Ap3A
4133:Zinc
4083:RO-3
4068:RB-2
3956:Ip5I
3844:Zinc
3774:Ap5A
3769:Ap4A
3537:IBMX
3507:DMPX
3319:CCPA
2935:here
2933:See
2877:NADA
2852:2-OG
2837:2-AG
2802:here
2800:See
2543:GABA
2517:NAAG
2502:GSSG
2497:GSNO
2393:dXTP
2388:dITP
2383:dCTP
2378:dUTP
2373:dTTP
2368:dGTP
2363:dATP
2330:mUTP
2294:dCDP
2289:dUDP
2284:dTDP
2279:dGDP
2274:dADP
2246:mUDP
2192:cGMP
2187:cAMP
2169:dXMP
2164:dIMP
2159:dCMP
2154:dUMP
2149:dTMP
2144:dGMP
2139:dAMP
2101:mUMP
1799:PMID
1740:2023
1708:ISBN
1685:PMID
1675:ISBN
1644:PMID
1587:PMID
1546:PMID
1505:PMID
1487:ISSN
1445:PMID
1410:PMID
1375:PMID
1326:PMID
1290:2023
1277:ISBN
1250:PMID
1232:ISSN
1218:2010
1195:2020
1166:PMID
1094:2020
952:cAMP
898:and
378:UNII
367:6083
339:MeSH
319:KEGG
308:2455
247:5858
5030:UTP
5025:UDP
5020:UMP
5000:ITP
4995:IDP
4990:IMP
4975:GTP
4970:GDP
4965:GMP
4950:CTP
4945:CDP
4940:CMP
4925:ATP
4920:ADP
4915:AMP
4514:UDP
4469:PIT
4394:ATP
4339:UTP
4309:UDP
4244:ITP
4239:IDP
4219:CTP
4209:ATP
4189:ADP
4143:P2Y
3951:HMA
3899:BBG
3839:UTP
3809:GTP
3799:CTP
3779:ATP
3764:AMP
3759:ADP
3728:ATP
3722:P2X
3492:CPX
3299:ATP
3284:AMP
3279:ADP
3265:5'-
2990:ATP
2985:AMP
2980:ADP
2907:SEA
2897:PEA
2887:OEA
2872:LPI
2867:DEA
2622:GHB
2553:GHB
2512:NAA
2350:XTP
2345:ITP
2340:CTP
2335:UTP
2325:GTP
2320:ATP
2256:CDP
2251:UDP
2241:GDP
2236:ADP
2121:XMP
2116:IMP
2111:CMP
2106:UMP
2096:GMP
2091:AMP
1789:PMC
1779:doi
1667:doi
1634:PMC
1626:doi
1614:472
1577:doi
1536:doi
1495:PMC
1479:doi
1437:doi
1433:356
1402:doi
1365:PMC
1357:doi
1353:418
1316:doi
1312:213
1240:PMC
1222:doi
1156:PMC
1148:doi
1117:doi
997:DNA
974:or
927:of
771:ATP
729:ADP
713:RNA
677:of
648:AMP
404:EPA
357:CID
5076::
4735:XO
4096:,
3707:P2
3224:P1
3193:P0
3110:O)
3062:S)
1797:.
1787:.
1777:.
1767:96
1765:.
1761:.
1730:.
1683:.
1673:.
1642:.
1632:.
1624:.
1612:.
1608:.
1585:.
1573:87
1571:.
1567:.
1544:.
1532:70
1530:.
1526:.
1503:.
1493:.
1485:.
1475:25
1473:.
1469:.
1457:^
1443:.
1431:.
1408:.
1396:.
1373:.
1363:.
1351:.
1347:.
1324:.
1310:.
1306:.
1271:,
1248:.
1238:.
1230:.
1216:.
1212:.
1186:.
1164:.
1154:.
1144:54
1142:.
1138:.
1113:16
1111:.
1084:.
934:γ-
787:PP
777::
696:.
592:)
585:(p
513:14
507:10
5046:)
5042:(
4725:)
4721:(
4540:)
4536:(
4124:)
4118:(
4102:)
4090:(
4059:)
4053:(
3932:)
3926:(
3734:)
3725:(
3714:)
3710:(
3355:N
3267:N
3243:N
3231:)
3227:(
3199:)
3195:(
3184:)
3180:(
3157:e
3150:t
3143:v
3119:)
3117:2
3108:2
3096:)
3094:3
3060:2
2757:p
2749:m
2721:p
2713:m
2431:e
2424:t
2417:v
1998:N
1846:e
1839:t
1832:v
1805:.
1781::
1773::
1742:.
1716:.
1691:.
1669::
1650:.
1628::
1620::
1593:.
1579::
1552:.
1538::
1511:.
1481::
1451:.
1439::
1416:.
1404::
1398:7
1381:.
1359::
1332:.
1318::
1256:.
1224::
1197:.
1172:.
1150::
1123:.
1119::
1096:.
946:γ
913:γ
817:)
807:i
789:i
783:2
763:i
761:P
757:2
646:(
615:N
590:a
587:K
528:P
525:7
522:O
519:5
516:N
510:H
504:C
406:)
402:(
171:)
69:)
63:(
58:)
54:(
40:.
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