678:: When a laser is used to perform tonsillectomy, it can be under local anaesthetic with anaesthetic spray only, called tonsillotomy (or tonsil resurfacing or partial tonsillectomy), or it can be performed under general anaesthetic when it is called intra-capsular tonsillectomy, using an operating microscope for magnification. The carbon dioxide laser in scanning mode is an excellent vapouriser of tissue, and in conjunction with a computerised pattern generator and operating microscope with micromanipulator, it can result in near total removal of tonsil tissue whilst preserving the capsule of the tonsil. This leads to a significantly reduced bleeding and pain rate. The local anaesthetic technique takes around 10 minutes, the general around 20 minutes depending on the size of the tonsils - the bigger they are, the longer it takes. The general anaesthetic operation has a revision rate of 1:50, the local anaesthetic tonsillotomy 1:4.5. This is different from procedures where a laser is used to reduce or resurface the tonsils (e.g. laser cryptolysis). Providing the absence of certain contra-indications such as sensitive
625:: This surgical procedure is performed using plasma to remove the tonsils. Coblation technology combines radiofrequency energy and saline to create a plasma field. The plasma field is able to dissociate molecular bonds of target tissue while remaining relatively cool (40–70 °C), which results in minimal or no damage to surrounding healthy tissue. A Coblation tonsillectomy is carried out in an operating room setting, with the patient under general anesthesia. Tonsillectomies are generally performed for two main reasons: tonsillar hypertrophy (enlarged tonsils) and recurrent tonsillitis. It has been claimed that this technique results in less pain, faster healing, and less post operative care. However, review of 21 studies gives conflicting results about levels of pain, and its comparative safety has yet to be confirmed. This technique has been criticized for a higher than expected rate of bleeding presumably due to the low temperature which may be insufficient to seal the divided
263:
the subsequent one or two years, compared to those who do not. Specifically one review of five randomized controlled trials, found a decrease from 3.6 to 3.0 episodes in the year following surgery. In less severely affected children, surgery results in an increase, rather than a decrease of sore throats when the sore throat directly following surgery is included. Surgery results in a reduction in school absence in the following year, but the strength of evidence is low. Surgery does not result in an improvement in the quality of life. Benefits of surgery do not persist over time. Those with frequent throat infections often spontaneously improve over a year without surgery. Therefore, a certain number of people who undergo surgery will do so unnecessarily as they would not have had further episodes of tonsillitis had they not had surgery. Evidence in adults is unclear.
812:
indications (i.e. frequent enough sore throats to justify surgery). The majority of tonsillectomies were undertaken for indications which did not have an evidence-base: five to six sore throats in one year (12.4%), two to four sore throats in one year (44.6%), sleep disordered breathing (12.3%), or obstructive sleep apnea (3.9%). In the UK therefore, most children who undergo tonsillectomy probably do not benefit and most children who might benefit do not undergo tonsillectomy. The study concluded that 32,500 (close to 90%) out of the 37,000 children who have their tonsils removed annually "are unlikely to benefit" and that surgery therefore may do more harm than good to those children. Tonsillectomy rates are lower in the UK than in most other western
European countries.
275:
and the unknown risk of general anesthesia exposure in children four years of age. In considering the potential harms, the guideline panel agreed that there was not a clear preponderance of benefit over harm for tonsillectomy, even for children meeting the
Paradise criteria . Instead, the group felt there to be a balance that allows either tonsillectomy or watchful waiting as an appropriate management option for these children and does not imply that all qualifying children should have surgery. The role of tonsillectomy as an option in managing children with recurrent throat infection means that there is a substantial role for shared decision making with the child's caregiver and primary care clinician.
254:. However, it is unclear whether the removal of the adenoid has any additional positive or negative effects for the treatment of recurrent sore throat. In cases of chronic tonsillitis in adults, there is strong evidence of increased quality of life, reduction of symptoms, and economic benefit. A randomised controlled trial of tonsillectomy versus medical treatment (antibiotics and pain killers) in adults with frequent tonsillitis found that tonsillectomy was more effective and cost effective. It resulted in fewer days with sore throat.
1234:". There was also an increasing concern regarding the psychological and physical suffering of young children as a result of surgery. Furthermore, opponents of surgery argued that the tonsils should be retained whenever possible because of their role in the immune system and that the benefits of surgery were marginal. In the 1970s, tonsillectomy rates in the United Kingdom started to decline after several studies concluded that tonsillectomy was not as effective for sore throats and many other indications as previously thought.
1210:), became the standard instrument for tonsil removal for over 80 years. By 1897, it became more common to perform complete rather than partial removal of the tonsil after American physician Ballenger noted that partial removal failed to completely alleviate symptoms in a majority of cases. His results using a technique involving removal of the tonsil with a scalpel and forceps were much better than partial removal; tonsillectomy using the guillotine eventually fell out of favor in America.
1226:. From the 1940s to 1970s, further studies found an association between tonsillectomy and bulbar poliomyelitis with recommendations not to do the operation during outbreaks. Controversy surrounding tonsillectomy increased further in the United Kingdom in the 1960s because of the financial costs associated with the number of surgeries being performed and because of unexplainable variations in tonsillectomy rates between geographic regions and between
462:
723:. A dose of dexamethasone during surgery prevents vomiting in one out of every five children. A dose of dexamethasone may help children return to a normal diet more quickly and have less post-operative pain. Many people are prescribed antibiotics following a tonsillectomy, however, the benefits and potential harms have not been well studied. Antibiotics are not suggested to be used routinely following tonsillectomy.
1097:
1087:
reimbursement system and say to himself, "You know what? I make a lot more money if I take this kid's tonsils out." Now, that may be the right thing to do. But I'd rather have that doctor making those decisions just based on whether you really need your kid's tonsils out or whether it might make more sense just to change – maybe they have allergies. Maybe they have something else that would make a difference.
630:
postoperative pain and early return to daily activities, fewer secondary infections of the tonsil bed and significantly lower rates of secondary hemorrhage. Unlike the electrosurgery procedure, Coblation
Tonsillectomy generates significantly lower temperatures on contacted tissue. Long-term studies seem to show that surgeons experienced with the technique have very few complications.
42:
470:
784:
considerably between neighbouring countries. For example, rates in
Croatia are three times those in Slovenia. Variations between countries may be explained by a lack of or differences between guidelines. However differences in guidelines cannot explain the seven-fold variation between local authority areas within England.
629:
but several papers offer conflicting (some positive, some negative) results. More recent studies of coblation tonsillectomy indicate reduced pain and ostalgia; less intraoperative or postoperative complications; lesser incidence of delayed hemorrhage, more significantly in pediatric populations, less
400:
It is estimated 1.3% of people will have a delayed discharge (of 4 to 24 hours) due to a complication, and up to 3.9% will require repeat admission to hospital. The main reasons for either keeping a person in hospital, or readmitting them after tonsillectomy are uncontrolled pain, vomiting, fever, or
274:
Caregivers and patients who meet the appropriate criteria for tonsillectomy as described here should be advised of only modest anticipated benefits of tonsillectomy, as weighed against the natural history of resolution with watchful waiting, as well as the risk of surgical morbidity and complications
1213:
In the beginning of the 20th century, tonsillectomy became more common in the United
Kingdom and the United States and by the 1930s was very common in both countries. For example, a study conducted in 1934 found that 61% of 1,000 New York schoolchildren had been tonsillectomized; doctors recommended
671:
to seal and divide the tissue. The absence of thermal spread means that the temperature of surrounding tissue is only 2–3 °C higher than normal body temperature. Clinical papers show patients with minimal post-operative pain (no requirement for narcotic pain-killers), zero edema (swelling) plus
614:
occurs within the tonsil causing it to decrease in size over a period of several weeks. The treatment can be performed several times. The advantages of this technique are minimal discomfort, ease of operations, and immediate return to work or school. Tonsillar tissue remains after the procedure but
262:
Surgery is not recommended for those with fewer than seven documented throat infections in the last year, fewer than five each year for the last two years, or fewer than three each year for three years. Severely affected children who undergo surgery on average have one fewer sore throat per year in
697:
surgery. It is made up of a cannula or tube, connected to a hand piece, which in turn is connected to a motor with foot control and a suction device. The endoscopic microdebrider is used in performing a partial tonsillectomy, by partially shaving the tonsils. This procedure entails eliminating the
396:
Significant post-operative primary bleeding occurs in 0.2–2.2% of people, and secondary bleeding in 0.1–3.3%. In several reported case series, the rate of post tonsillectomy bleeding ranged from 2.0% to 7.0%. Also in veterinary surgery, bleeding was a common complication. A meta-analysis reported
686:
procedure. A carbon dioxide laser is commonly used, and is swept over each tonsil 8–10 times. The smoke is aspirated out of the mouth to prevent smoke inhalation. Often, more than one procedure is required, each lasting about 20 minutes. Due to the frequent requirement for multiple sessions, this
787:
In
Germany tonsillectomy rates between regions differ by up to a factor of 8. A 2010 study in England found the annual tonsillectomy rate per 100,000 between 2000 and 2005 was 754 in the highest region, the national average was 304 and the lowest region was 102. This means there is a seven-fold
748:
begin sloughing off from the surgical sites. The overall risk of bleeding is approximately 1–2%. It is higher in adults, especially males over age 70 and three-quarters of bleeding incidents occur on the same day as the surgery. Approximately 3% of adults develop bleeding at this time which may
296:
review found moderate quality evidence for benefits in terms of quality of life and symptoms but no benefit in attention or academic performance. It recommended that physicians and parents should weigh the benefits and risks of surgery as OSA symptoms may spontaneously resolve over time. An
811:
In 2018, a study of the medical records of 1.6 million UK children found 15,760 had sufficient sore throats to justify tonsillectomy and 13.6% (2,144) underwent surgery. The same study found 18,281 children who had undergone tonsillectomy, and of these only 11.7% (2,144) had evidence-based
783:
There are variations in tonsillectomy rates, both between and within countries. In 2015, tonsillectomy rates in the
Netherlands, Belgium, Finland and Norway were at least twice those in the UK but rates in Spain, Italy and Poland were at least a quarter lower. Tonsillectomy rates even vary
1086:
Right now, doctors, a lot of times, are forced to make decisions based on the fee payment schedule that's out there. So if they're looking and – and you come in and you've got a bad sore throat, or your child has a bad sore throat, or has repeated sore throats, the doctor may look at the
702:, preventing injury, inflammation, and infection. The procedure results in less post-operative pain, a more rapid recovery, and perhaps fewer delayed complications. However, the partial tonsillectomy is suggested for enlarged tonsils—not those that incur repeated infections.
528:
It is not known whether the benefits of subtotal tonsillectomy in obstructive sleep apnea are enduring. But this is also the case for tonsillectomy for sleep apnea. There have been no randomised controlled trials of long term effectiveness of tonsillectomy for sleep apnea.
478:
731:
A sore throat will persist approximately two weeks following surgery while pain following the procedure is significant and may necessitate a hospital stay. Recovery can take from 7 to 10 days and proper hydration is very important during this time, since
1077:
reimbursements instead of a fixed salary. Regarding tonsillectomy, a 1968 Canadian study pointed out that ENT specialists working on a fee-for-service programme were twice as likely to perform a tonsillectomy than those who were not. In 2009 then
143:(OSA). For those with frequent throat infections, surgery results in 0.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 0.1) fewer sore throats in the following year, but there is no evidence of long term benefits. In children with OSA, it results in improved
166:
typically lasts about one to two weeks after surgery. Bleeding occurs in about 1% within the first day and another 2% after that. Between 1 in 2,360 and 1 in 56,000 procedures cause death. Tonsillectomy does not appear to affect long term
1136:(490 CE) recommended partial removal of the tonsil, writing "Those who extirpate the entire tonsil remove, at the same time, structures that are perfectly healthy, and, in this way, give rise to serious Hæmorrhage". In the 7th century
774:
Some surgeons recommend starting with a soft diet for two weeks before advancing to normal diet. This is to prevent any sharp foods from potentially irritating the tonsillar fossae during the healing stage and provoking a bleed.
687:
treatment may work out more expensive than a single session tonsillectomy. A degree of patient compliance is required, making it unsuitable for young children and anxious persons, who risk harm if they move during the procedure.
740:
of poor fluid intake. Tonsillectomy appears to be more painful in adults than children. Controlling the pain following tonsillectomy is important to ensure that people can start eating again normally following the procedure.
345:, some of which are serious. Complications are divided into primary (first 24 hours after surgery), and secondary (after 24 hours), with bleeding being the most common complication. Other common complications are
1140:(625–690) described a detailed procedure for tonsillectomy, including dealing with the inevitable post-operative bleeding. 1,200 years pass before the procedure is described again with such precision and detail.
4134:
Hastings JE, Mott FD, Hewitt D, Barclay A (July 1970). "An interim report on the Sault Ste. Marie study: a comparison of personal health services utilization. A joint Canada-World Health
Organization Project".
1214:
surgery for all but 65 of the remaining children. Complications were often simply accepted. The medical community considered enlarged tonsils a disease, attributing their enlargement to infection rather than a
771:(NSAIDs) may increase the risk of bleeding but evidence does not support such a risk. Further research is required to determine if mouth rinses, mouthwashes and sprays help improve recovery following surgery.
3455:"Regional Anaesthesia and Acute Pain, Paper No: 852.00: Do laser tonsillectomies need less opioids as compared to standard tonsillectomies: a retrospective comparison of peri-operative analgesic requirement"
279:
Many cases of the sore throat have other causes than tonsillitis and tonsillectomy is therefore not indicated for those cases. The diagnosis of tonsillitis is often made without testing for bacteria. The
209:
in the United States is US$ 4,400 as of 2013. There is some controversy as of 2019 as to when the surgery should be used. There are variations in the rates of tonsillectomy between and within countries.
1332:
Mitchell RB, Archer SM, Ishman SL, Rosenfeld RM, Coles S, Finestone SA, Friedman NR, Giordano T, Hildrew DM, Kim TW, Lloyd RM, Parikh SR, Shulman ST, Walner DL, Walsh SA, Nnacheta LC (5 February 2019).
1817:
Sun GH, Auger KA, Aliu O, Patrick SW, DeMonner S, Davis MM (December 2013). "Variation in inpatient tonsillectomy costs within and between US hospitals attributable to postoperative complications".
1438:
Adeno-/tonsillectomy leads to a reduction in the number of episodes of sore throat and days with sore throat in children in the first year after surgery compared to (initial) non-surgical treatment.
815:
Table: Numbers of children (from 1.6 million children between 2005 and 2016 in the UK) identified with possible indications for tonsillectomy and the numbers who subsequently undergo tonsillectomy.
606:
thermal ablation transfers radiofrequency energy to the tonsil tissue through probes inserted in the tonsil. The procedure can be performed in an office (outpatient) setting under light sedation or
4589:
231:
194:
may also be removed or shaved down, in which case it is known as an "adenotonsillectomy". The partial removal of the tonsils is called a "tonsillotomy", which may be preferred in cases of OSA.
1241:
concluded that there was insufficient evidence that the benefits of tonsillectomy outweighed the risks and therefore recommended more research, which subsequently led to stricter guidelines.
2782:
Albawaliz A, Fatima Z, Abonofal A, Abumoawad A, Al Momani L, Shrestha A (20 May 2020). "The association between tonsillectomy and
Hodgkin's lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
1661:
Gorman D, Ogston S, Hussain SS (2017). "Improvement in symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea in children following tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
1869:
2111:
Wilson JA, O'Hara J, Fouweather T, Homer T, Stocken DD, Vale L, Haighton C, Rousseau N, Wilson R, McSweeney L, Wilkes S, Morrison J, MacKenzie K, Ah-See K, Carrie S (17 June 2023).
1104:
Tonsillectomies have been practiced for over 2,000 years, with varying popularity over the centuries. The earliest mention of the procedure is in "Hindu medicine" from about 1000
2674:
Amin R, Mansabdar A, Gu H, Gangineni B, Mehta N, Patel H, Patel N, Laller S, Vinayak S, Abdulqader MA, Jain H, Rekhraj AS, Adimoulame H, Singh G, Moonjely Davis J (April 2024).
1175:
from the nose; it was assumed that removal of large amounts of tonsillar tissue would interfere with the ability to remove these secretions, causing them to accumulate in the
1222:, many surgeons believed that not only enlarged tonsils, but all tonsils should be removed. In the 1940s tonsillectomy became controversial as several studies linked it to
445:
if done before the age of 20. A meta-analysis published in 2020 indicated a statistically significant association between a history of tonsillectomy and the development of
3889:
Fedorowicz Z, van Zuuren EJ, Nasser M, Carter B, Al
Langawi JH (10 September 2013). "Oral rinses, mouthwashes and sprays for improving recovery following tonsillectomy".
4582:
2431:
Seshamani M, Vogtmann E, Gatwood J, Gibson TB, Scanlon D (April 2014). "Prevalence of Complications from Adult Tonsillectomy and Impact on Health Care Expenditures".
2113:"Conservative management versus tonsillectomy in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis in the UK (NATTINA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial"
284:
states that it is very rare that someone needs to have their tonsils taken out, and it is usually only necessary in case of severe tonsillitis that keeps recurring.
661:. The temperature of the surrounding tissue reaches 80 °C. Proponents of this procedure assert that the result is precise cutting with minimal thermal damage.
489:, a so-called total, or extra-capsular tonsillectomy. Problems including pain and bleeding led to a recent resurgence in interest in sub-total tonsillectomy or
1396:
4575:
4015:"Incidence of indications for tonsillectomy and frequency of evidence-based surgery: a 12-year retrospective cohort study of primary care electronic records"
2170:
401:
bleeding. Death occurs as a result in between 1 in 2,360 and 56,000 procedures. Bleeding accounts for one-third of deaths. As the procedure is done under
493:, which was popular 60 to 100 years ago, in an effort to reduce these complications. The generally accepted procedure for 'total' tonsillectomy uses a
1626:
Zhang LY, Zhong L, David M, Cervin A (December 2017). "Tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy? A systematic review for paediatric sleep-disordered breathing".
2825:
Kacimi SE, Elgenidy A, Cheema HA, Ould Setti M, Khosla AA, Benmelouka AY, Aloulou M, Djebabria K, Shamseldin LS, Riffi O, Mesli NS (20 July 2022).
3380:
Belloso A, Chidambaram A, Morar P, Timms MS (November 2003). "Coblation tonsillectomy versus dissection tonsillectomy: postoperative hemorrhage".
3288:
Khan I, Abelardo E, Scott NW, Shakeel M, Menakaya O, Jaramillo M, Mahmood K (February 2012). "Coblation tonsillectomy: is it inherently bloody?".
4541:
69:
65:
2618:"Systematic review with meta-analysis: environmental and dietary differences of inflammatory bowel disease in Eastern and Western populations"
1155:. This method was not popular with the patients due to the immense pain it caused and the infection that usually followed. Scottish physician
672:
almost no incidence of bleeding. Hospitals in the US are advertising this procedure as "Painless Tonsillectomy". Also known as Tissue Welding.
4357:
3697:
3670:
3639:
788:
difference between the region with the highest tonsillectomy rate and the region with the lowest one. In 2006, English Chief Medical Officer
2945:"Systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing intracapsular tonsillectomy with total tonsillectomy in a pediatric population"
1244:
As doctors took a more conservative approach towards tonsillectomy, parental pressure became one of the most important reasons for surgery.
201:. In the United States, as of 2010, tonsillectomy is performed less frequently than in the 1970s although it remains the second most common
4871:
552:: Removal of the tonsils by use of a forceps and scissors with a wire loop called a snare was formerly the most common method practiced by
3486:
2396:
Galindo Torres BP, De Miguel García F, Whyte Orozco J (June 2018). "Tonsillectomy in adults: Analysis of indications and complications".
2528:"Complications of canine tonsillectomy by clamping technique combined with monopolar electrosurgery – a retrospective study of 39 cases"
1774:
Lamprell L, Ahluwalia S (April 2015). "Who has been hiding in your tonsillectomy tray? Eponymous instruments in tonsillectomy surgery".
768:
3928:
2676:"Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Surgeries as a Possible Risk for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
1905:"Exploring the variation in paediatric tonsillectomy rates between English regions: a 5-year NHS and independent sector data analysis"
1539:
Bitar MA, Dowli A, Mourad M (August 2015). "The effect of tonsillectomy on the immune system: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
267:
1520:
1124:
whereby using the finger (or a blunt hook if necessary), the tonsil was separated from the neighboring tissue before being cut out.
720:
346:
744:
At some point, most commonly 7 to 11 days after the surgery (but occasionally as long as two weeks after), bleeding can occur when
3157:"Coblation vs. Electrocautery Tonsillectomy: A Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Clinical Outcomes in Adolescents and Adults"
803:
The rise in adenotonsillectomies for sleep apnea in the USA has been greater than the decline in tonsillectomies for sore throat.
3069:
Friedman M, LoSavio P, Ibrahim H, Ramakrishnan V (May 2003). "Radiofrequency tonsil reduction: safety, morbidity, and efficacy".
698:
obstructive portion of the tonsil while preserving the tonsillar capsule. A natural biologic dressing is left in place over the
301:
review however did find improvements at school. The procedure is recommended for those who have OSA that has been verified by a
3044:
2479:"Postoperative Bleeding and Associated Utilization following Tonsillectomy in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
3797:
Windfuhr JP, Chen YS, Remmert S (February 2005). "Hemorrhage following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in 15,218 patients".
3245:
Walner DL, Miller SP, Villines D, Bussell GS (October 2012). "Coblation tonsillectomy in children: incidence of bleeding".
1459:"Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non-surgical management for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children"
453:. The relationship between childhood tonsillectomy and the development of other cancer types in adulthood remains unclear.
1238:
202:
4886:
2577:
Ingram DG, Friedman NR (December 2015). "Toward Adenotonsillectomy in Children: A Review for the General Pediatrician".
3423:
120:
1579:"Long-term effects of adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea: protocol for a systematic review"
4062:
Shafrin J (May 2010). "Operating on commission: analyzing how physician financial incentives affect surgery rates".
4846:
306:
4679:
485:
For the past 50 years at least, tonsillectomy has been performed by dissecting the tonsil from its surrounding
247:
76:
449:. A meta-analysis from 2022 concluded that a history of tonsillectomy is associated with an increased risk of
1151:(1509) wrote it to be "a bad operation" and suggested a procedure that involved gradual strangulation with a
425:
concentrations after tonsillectomy but these are of unclear significance. Tonsillectomy is a risk factor for
4777:
4735:
3713:
Graumüller S, Laudien B (2003). "Postoperative pain after tonsillectomy—comparison of children and adults".
1121:
797:
615:
is less prominent. This procedure is recommended for treating enlarged tonsils and not chronic or recurrent
342:
293:
281:
140:
4550:
1397:"Tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy versus non-surgical treatment for chronic/recurrent acute tonsillitis"
4881:
4709:
2345:
Kim BY, Lee SJ, Yun JH, Bae JH (1 August 2020). "Taste Dysfunction after Tonsillectomy: A Meta-analysis".
1952:
Witsell DL, Orvidas LJ, Stewart MG, Hannley MT, Weaver EM, Yueh B, Smith TL, Goldstein NA (January 2008).
1219:
1113:
378:
198:
4312:
4162:
441:
of 1.93 and 1.24, respectively. There is an association suggesting an increase in the risk of developing
2733:"Surgery and risk for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies"
227:
4538:
4481:
4556:
2827:"Prior Tonsillectomy and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
1223:
1156:
374:
2292:"Tonsil size and outcome of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with tonsillectomy in obstructive sleep apnea"
2675:
1953:
1458:
1195:
1152:
402:
183:
1207:
1129:
4674:
4517:
4412:
3984:
3822:
3405:
3313:
3270:
3137:
3094:
2807:
2653:
2456:
2378:
2327:
2186:
2044:
1989:
1934:
1842:
1799:
1694:
699:
693:: The microdebrider is a powered rotary shaving device with continuous suction often used during
580:: Electrocautery uses electrical energy to separate the tonsillar tissue and assists in reducing
561:
442:
434:
326:
239:
1133:
1073:
According to a study from 2009, surgery rates on average increase by 78% when surgeons are paid
426:
4567:
1510:
4833:
4636:
4598:
4509:
4501:
4404:
4396:
4353:
4347:
4291:
4231:
4170:
4144:
4116:
4079:
4044:
3976:
3955:"Changes and consistencies in the epidemiology of pediatric adenotonsillar surgery, 1996–2006"
3910:
3902:
3871:
3814:
3779:
3761:
3693:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3635:
3612:
3594:
3552:
3493:
3397:
3362:
3305:
3262:
3227:
3186:
3129:
3086:
3026:
3008:
2966:
2925:
2907:
2866:
2848:
2799:
2764:
2713:
2695:
2645:
2637:
2613:
2594:
2559:
2508:
2448:
2413:
2370:
2362:
2319:
2311:
2246:
2152:
2144:
2093:
2085:
2036:
2028:
1981:
1973:
1926:
1834:
1791:
1756:
1738:
1686:
1678:
1643:
1608:
1556:
1516:
1491:
1429:
1356:
737:
235:
136:
60:
3842:"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perioperative bleeding in paediatric tonsillectomy"
2477:
Francis DO, Fonnesbeck C, Sathe N, McPheeters M, Krishnaswami S, Chinnadurai S (March 2017).
2291:
2008:
4646:
4493:
4386:
4281:
4273:
4221:
4106:
4071:
4034:
4026:
3966:
3894:
3861:
3853:
3806:
3769:
3753:
3722:
3602:
3586:
3542:
3534:
3466:
3389:
3352:
3344:
3297:
3254:
3217:
3176:
3168:
3121:
3078:
3016:
3000:
2956:
2915:
2897:
2856:
2838:
2791:
2754:
2744:
2703:
2687:
2629:
2586:
2549:
2539:
2498:
2490:
2440:
2405:
2354:
2303:
2236:
2228:
2178:
2134:
2124:
2075:
2020:
1965:
1916:
1826:
1783:
1746:
1730:
1670:
1635:
1598:
1590:
1548:
1481:
1473:
1419:
1411:
1346:
634:
607:
553:
514:
506:
446:
2217:"Tonsillectomy Versus Watchful Waiting for Recurrent Throat Infection: A Systematic Review"
1457:
Venekamp RP, Hearne BJ, Chandrasekharan D, Blackshaw H, Lim J, Schilder AG (October 2015).
397:
that frequency of bleeding after tonsillectomy across different techniques did not differ.
4876:
4545:
1137:
1074:
694:
564:; the tonsils are completely removed and the remaining tissue surface is cauterized. The
556:, but has been largely replaced in favor of other techniques. The procedure requires the
422:
386:
144:
124:
767:
is not recommended for those less than 12 years old. There is a theoretical concern that
182:(acetaminophen) may be used to treat postoperative pain. The surgery is often done using
3607:
3574:
3522:
3206:"Coblation versus traditional tonsillectomy: A double blind randomized controlled trial"
2795:
2708:
1509:
Flint PW, Haughey BH, Robbins KT, Thomas JR, Niparko JK, Lund VJ, Lesperance MM (2014).
461:
4817:
4286:
4261:
4226:
4209:
4111:
4098:
4039:
4014:
3866:
3841:
3774:
3741:
3687:
3547:
3357:
3332:
3222:
3205:
3181:
3156:
3021:
2988:
2920:
2885:
2861:
2826:
2759:
2732:
2554:
2527:
2503:
2478:
2241:
2216:
2171:"Removing tonsils is effective and cost-effective for adults with frequent tonsillitis"
1751:
1718:
1603:
1578:
1486:
1424:
1237:
Tonsillectomy rates in the United States have declined since 1978, when experts of the
1188:
1128:(121–200 CE) was the first to advocate the use of the surgical instrument known as the
789:
712:
668:
639:
603:
593:
576:
542:
498:
390:
330:
187:
4391:
4374:
3726:
2129:
2112:
1096:
477:
4865:
4805:
4521:
3393:
3274:
3082:
2811:
2657:
2590:
2382:
2190:
1954:"Quality of life after tonsillectomy in adults with recurrent or chronic tonsillitis"
1921:
1904:
1231:
1199:
1148:
745:
716:
585:
450:
430:
414:
318:
251:
243:
168:
3988:
3573:
Dhiwakar M, Clement WA, Supriya M, McKerrow W (12 December 2012). Dhiwakar M (ed.).
3333:"Hemorrhage rate after coblation tonsillectomy: a meta-analysis of published trials"
3317:
3098:
2331:
2048:
1938:
1846:
1803:
4772:
4651:
4416:
3898:
3857:
3826:
3590:
3538:
3409:
3141:
3004:
1698:
1477:
1415:
1227:
1180:
1109:
1079:
793:
657:, the vibration transfers energy to the tissue, providing simultaneous cutting and
626:
382:
4210:"A History of Tonsillectomy: Two Millennia of Trauma, Haemorrhage and Controversy"
2460:
1993:
96:
17:
4497:
3971:
3954:
3810:
1969:
1830:
1639:
1552:
465:
Cryptic tonsils immediately following surgical removal (bilateral tonsillectomy).
82:
4684:
4614:
4602:
2063:
1594:
1144:
757:
733:
658:
616:
522:
362:
350:
302:
223:
219:
179:
163:
159:
132:
90:
2902:
2544:
2182:
2064:"Impact of tonsillectomy on quality of life in adults with chronic tonsillitis"
2024:
361:
and trouble talking. In rare cases, tonsillectomy may also cause damage to the
4750:
3757:
3348:
3301:
3125:
2409:
1787:
1215:
1117:
683:
679:
643:
438:
322:
292:
Tonsillectomy improves obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in most children. A 2015
41:
4505:
4400:
4174:
3906:
3765:
3598:
3012:
2911:
2852:
2843:
2803:
2699:
2641:
2494:
2444:
2366:
2358:
2315:
2264:
2215:
Morad A, Sathe NA, Francis DO, McPheeters ML, Chinnadurai S (February 2017).
2148:
2089:
2032:
1977:
1742:
1682:
1351:
1334:
4828:
3431:
3172:
2961:
2944:
2749:
2617:
2062:
Schwentner I, Höfer S, Schmutzhard J, Deibl M, Sprinzl GM (11 August 2007).
1172:
753:
654:
646:
502:
418:
358:
206:
175:
4513:
4408:
4295:
4235:
4120:
4083:
4048:
3980:
3914:
3875:
3818:
3783:
3742:"Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following tonsillectomy"
3616:
3556:
3401:
3366:
3309:
3266:
3231:
3190:
3133:
3090:
3030:
2970:
2929:
2870:
2768:
2717:
2649:
2598:
2563:
2512:
2452:
2417:
2374:
2323:
2250:
2232:
2156:
2097:
2080:
2040:
1985:
1930:
1838:
1795:
1760:
1690:
1647:
1612:
1560:
1495:
1433:
1360:
1230:. In the media, tonsillectomy was criticised for being "fashionable" or a "
1171:. At the time, the function of the tonsils was thought to be absorption of
545:. However, there are other techniques and a brief review of each follows:
469:
46:
Typical appearance of the back of the throat three days post tonsillectomy.
4430:
4148:
4030:
3487:"Interventional procedure overview of laser assisted serial tonsillectomy"
513:
have also been used. Bleeding is stopped with electrocautery, ligation by
4641:
4431:"The Immunological Basis for Immunization Series Module 6: Poliomyelitis"
3471:
3454:
2616:, Zhuang X, Tian Z, Li X, Ma R, Mao R, Qiu Y, Chen M (24 November 2021).
611:
569:
518:
354:
191:
155:
151:
4454:
3840:
Lewis SR, Nicholson A, Cardwell ME, Siviter G, Smith AF (18 July 2013).
3204:
Omrani M, Barati B, Omidifar N, Okhovvat AR, Hashemi SA (January 2012).
1577:
Damiani F, Rada G, Gana JC, Brockmann PE, Alberti G (2 September 2016).
4722:
4606:
4277:
3258:
2307:
2139:
1159:
in 1600 summarized the three methods in use at the time, including the
764:
589:
565:
557:
538:
494:
370:
3521:
Steward DL, Grisel J, Meinzen-Derr J (August 2011). Steward DL (ed.).
2633:
2472:
2470:
2009:"Economic Benefit of Tonsillectomy in Adults with Chronic Tonsillitis"
1870:"Surgical operations and procedures statistics - Statistics Explained"
1734:
1674:
106:
4789:
4761:
4663:
4075:
3523:"Steroids for improving recovery following tonsillectomy in children"
1184:
1176:
761:
596:. This may result in more discomfort during the postoperative period.
486:
421:
in other areas of the body. Some studies have found small changes in
366:
128:
2691:
393:. Throat pain typically lasts about one to two weeks after surgery.
3331:
Mösges R, Hellmich M, Allekotte S, Albrecht K, Böhm M (June 2011).
821:
Condition which might be considered an indication for tonsillectomy
365:(because of the clamp that is placed in the mouth during surgery),
197:
The surgery has been described since at least as early as 50 AD by
4696:
4262:"'A Wicked Operation'? Tonsillectomy in Twentieth-Century Britain"
1203:
1125:
1095:
581:
525:. The most effective surgical approach has not been well studied.
510:
476:
468:
460:
1335:"Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)"
1206:; the instrument, known as the tonsil guillotine (and later as a
865:
Aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis & cervical adenitis syndrome
1723:
GMS Current Topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
433:
found that tonsillectomy is associated with Crohn's disease and
298:
4571:
4375:"Polio provocation: solving a mystery with the help of history"
1395:
Burton MJ, Glasziou PP, Chong LY, Venekamp RP (November 2014).
588:. Research has shown that the heat of electrocautery (400
4625:
4557:"Clinical UM Guideline CG-SURG-30: Tonsillectomy for Children"
1105:
650:
268:
American Academy of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
4099:"Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy: A Review of the Literature"
232:
periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis
2886:"Tonsillectomy and the incidence of various types of cancer"
4482:"Tonsillectomy and poliomyelitis: Development of causality"
3492:. National institute of clinical excellence. Archived from
2526:
Turkki OM, Bergman CE, Lee MH, Höglund OV (December 2022).
250:. For children, tonsillectomy is usually combined with the
3929:"Billions of NHS money wasted on 'ineffective' operations"
792:
revealed that unnecessary tonsillectomies and unnecessary
341:
While generally safe, tonsillectomy may result in several
937:
Recurrent sore throats / tonsillitis (episodes per year):
4013:Šumilo D, Nichols L, Ryan R, Marshall T (January 2019).
1903:
Suleman M, Clark MP, Goldacre M, Burton M (April 2010).
4480:
Kohanzadeh A, Somogyi DZ, Kravitz MB (19 August 2022).
1198:
modified an existing instrument originally designed by
4486:
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
3155:
Hong SM, Cho JG, Chae SW, Lee HM, Woo JS (June 2013).
2943:
Walton J, Ebner Y, Stewart MG, April MM (March 2012).
1628:
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
1541:
International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
1512:
Cummings Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery E-Book
682:, LAST can be performed under local anesthetic as an
417:. It does not appear to affect the long term risk of
413:
There is no evidence tonsillectomy affects long term
4352:. Oxford University Press/Books. 2001. p. 815.
3575:"Antibiotics to reduce post-tonsillectomy morbidity"
4814:
4786:
4758:
4749:
4719:
4693:
4660:
4622:
4613:
89:
75:
59:
51:
34:
2949:Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
131:. The procedure is mainly performed for recurrent
317:There is no good evidence for other uses such as
3453:Randive S, Stevens B, Dilkes M, Mehta V (2012).
2987:Pinder DK, Wilson H, Hilton MP (16 March 2011).
2731:Lunny C, Knopp-Sihota JA, Fraser SN (May 2013).
150:While generally safe, complications may include
2989:"Dissection versus diathermy for tonsillectomy"
1084:
309:with tonsillectomy increases with tonsil size.
305:. Studies have shown that treatment success of
272:
4203:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
2347:Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology
2013:Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology
972: 2 to 4 with guttate / chronic psoriasis
592:) may result in thermal injury to surrounding
205:in children. The typical cost when done as an
4583:
4561:Blue Cross Blue Shield Association of Georgia
4313:"Why More Children Are Keeping Their Tonsils"
3661:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.
3516:
3514:
3161:Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
1390:
1132:, a practice that was to become common until
541:is the preferred surgical instrument of many
8:
2007:Bhattacharyya N, Kepnes LJ (November 2002).
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
752:Recommendations for pain management include
3891:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3846:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3746:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3579:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3527:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2993:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
1466:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1404:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4755:
4619:
4590:
4576:
4568:
3337:European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
3290:European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
2622:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1515:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 2862.
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
40:
4390:
4285:
4225:
4110:
4038:
3970:
3953:Bhattacharyya N, Lin HW (November 2010).
3865:
3773:
3606:
3546:
3470:
3356:
3221:
3180:
3020:
2960:
2919:
2901:
2860:
2842:
2758:
2748:
2707:
2553:
2543:
2502:
2240:
2138:
2128:
2079:
1920:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1750:
1719:"Tonsillitis and sore throat in children"
1712:
1710:
1708:
1602:
1572:
1570:
1534:
1532:
1485:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1423:
1350:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
749:sometimes require surgical intervention.
4349:Oxford Illustrated Companion to Medicine
3740:Hollis LJ, Burton MJ, Millar JM (2000).
3630:Graham JM, Scadding GK, Bull PD (2008).
817:
4019:The British Journal of General Practice
3210:Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
1253:
736:can increase throat pain, leading to a
719:may be given during surgery to prevent
568:will leave with minimal post-operative
481:Throat some days after a tonsillectomy.
218:Tonsillectomy is mainly undertaken for
162:, trouble eating, and trouble talking.
127:are fully removed from the back of the
3424:"COBLATION Tonsillectomy – My Tonsils"
1776:The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
1147:saw tonsillectomy fall into disfavor;
31:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4307:
4305:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
3658:Introductory medical-surgical nursing
3568:
3566:
2982:
2980:
2669:
2667:
986: 2 to 4 with glomerulonephritis
7:
3959:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
3799:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
3655:Timby BK, Nancy Ellen Smith (2006).
2483:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
2433:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
1958:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
1339:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
769:NonSteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
610:. After the treatment is performed,
3045:"COBLATION Plasma Technology – ENT"
2796:10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.e20015
1183:. For this reason, physicians like
667:: A new technology which uses pure
473:Throat 1 day after a tonsillectomy.
102:
3049:Smith & Nephew US Professional
1108:. Roughly a millennium later, the
649:of its blade at a frequency of 55
25:
4137:Canadian Journal of Public Health
543:ear, nose, and throat specialists
347:postoperative nausea and vomiting
3394:10.1097/00005537-200311000-00029
3083:10.1097/00005537-200305000-00020
2591:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2016
1922:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2010.02086.x
907:Other sleep disordered breathing
4163:"Obama's Fifth News Conference"
798:British National Health Service
27:Surgical removal of the tonsils
4105:. 1977 Sep, 23: 113, 115–117.
3899:10.1002/14651858.CD007806.pub4
3858:10.1002/14651858.CD003591.pub3
3591:10.1002/14651858.CD005607.pub4
3539:10.1002/14651858.CD003997.pub2
3459:British Journal of Anaesthesia
3005:10.1002/14651858.CD002211.pub2
1478:10.1002/14651858.CD011165.pub2
1416:10.1002/14651858.CD001802.pub3
405:, there are anesthesia risks.
1:
4392:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61251-4
3727:10.1016/S0531-5131(03)01073-2
3715:International Congress Series
2884:Holló G (15 September 2021).
2290:Tschopp S, Tschopp K (2019).
2130:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00519-6
1717:Stelter K (1 December 2014).
1239:National Institutes of Health
226:. It is also carried out for
203:outpatient surgical procedure
4498:10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111290
4373:Mawdsley SE (26 July 2014).
3972:10.1016/j.otohns.2010.06.918
3811:10.1016/j.otohns.2004.09.007
3112:Windfuhr JP (May 2007). "".
2784:Journal of Clinical Oncology
1970:10.1016/j.otohns.2007.08.015
1831:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3182a50325
1640:10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.10.008
1553:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.016
4872:Surgical removal procedures
1595:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010030
1065:Source: Šumilo et al. 2018
550:Dissection and snare method
55:Adenotonsillectomy, T&A
4903:
4214:The Ulster Medical Journal
2903:10.1007/s12026-021-09230-3
2545:10.1186/s12917-022-03342-0
2183:10.3310/nihrevidence_59646
2025:10.1177/000348940211101106
807:Evidence-based indications
800:21 million pounds a year.
282:UK National Health Service
4847:Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
4842:
4455:"Polio | LCI richtlijnen"
4260:Dwyer-Hemmings L (2018).
3758:10.1002/14651858.CD001874
3634:. Springer. p. 136.
3349:10.1007/s00405-011-1535-9
3302:10.1007/s00405-011-1609-8
3126:10.1007/s00106-006-1523-3
2680:Gastroenterology Research
2410:10.1016/j.anl.2017.08.012
1788:10.1017/S0022215114003016
1220:theory of focal infection
653:. Invisible to the naked
521:, a protein that induces
517:, and the topical use of
307:uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
222:and recurrent or chronic
103:
39:
4680:Genioglossus advancement
4551:History of tonsillectomy
4539:Tonsillectomy Procedures
4208:McNeill RA (June 1960).
2844:10.3389/fonc.2022.925596
2495:10.1177/0194599816683915
2445:10.1177/0194599813519972
2359:10.1177/0003489420946770
1352:10.1177/0194599818801757
1191:censured the procedure.
1028:No indication identified
248:diphtheria carrier state
4778:Pharyngeal flap surgery
4736:Template:Periodontology
3689:Mayo Clinic diet manual
3173:10.3342/ceo.2013.6.2.90
2962:10.1001/archoto.2012.16
2750:10.1186/1471-2377-13-41
2532:BMC Veterinary Research
1909:Clinical Otolaryngology
1663:Clinical Otolaryngology
893:Obstructive sleep apnea
721:post-operative vomiting
623:Coblation tonsillectomy
600:Radiofrequency ablation
288:Obstructive sleep apnea
174:Following the surgery,
141:obstructive sleep apnea
4710:Template:Endodontology
2233:10.1542/peds.2016-3490
2081:10.4414/smw.2007.11735
1114:Aulus Cornelius Celsus
1101:
1089:
497:and blunt dissection,
482:
474:
466:
379:respiratory compromise
277:
270:(AAO-HNS) recommended:
252:removal of the adenoid
4031:10.3399/bjgp18X699833
3686:Pemberton CM (1988).
2831:Frontiers in Oncology
1099:
921:Peritonsillar abscess
760:(acetaminophen). The
711:A single dose of the
480:
472:
464:
228:peritonsillar abscess
2890:Immunologic Research
2790:(15_suppl): e20015.
2177:. 5 September 2023.
2123:(10393): 2051–2059.
2068:Swiss Medical Weekly
1224:bulbar poliomyelitis
1216:physiologic response
1069:Financial incentives
676:Carbon dioxide laser
4887:Otorhinolaryngology
4544:5 July 2008 at the
1345:(1_suppl): S1–S42.
1196:Philip Syng Physick
1194:In 1828, physician
4675:Lingual frenectomy
4278:10.1017/mdh.2018.5
4167:The New York Times
4097:Naylor NL (1977).
3499:on 4 December 2013
3472:10.1093/bja/aer489
3259:10.1002/lary.23526
2398:Auris Nasus Larynx
2308:10.1002/lary.27899
1102:
1100:Tonsil guillotine.
1080:US President Obama
824:Number of children
796:combined cost the
700:pharyngeal muscles
562:general anesthesia
483:
475:
467:
457:Surgical procedure
443:multiple sclerosis
435:ulcerative colitis
403:general anesthesia
353:, trouble eating,
327:trouble swallowing
240:airway obstruction
121:surgical procedure
18:Adenotonsillectomy
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4834:Uvulopalatoplasty
4745:
4744:
4637:Labial frenectomy
4385:(9940): 300–301.
4359:978-0-19-262950-0
4317:Los Angeles Times
4103:Can Fam Physician
3699:978-1-55664-032-2
3672:978-0-7817-8032-2
3641:978-3-540-69930-9
2634:10.1111/apt.16703
2302:(12): E449–E454.
2271:. 23 October 2017
2074:(3132): 454–461.
1735:10.3205/cto000110
1675:10.1111/coa.12717
1218:. Because of the
1202:for removing the
1063:
1062:
879:Paradise criteria
840:Proportion of all
727:Post-surgery care
554:otolaryngologists
507:Harmonic scalpels
447:Hodgkin's disease
359:taste dysfunction
236:guttate psoriasis
184:metal instruments
137:throat infections
114:
113:
16:(Redirected from
4894:
4822:
4794:
4766:
4756:
4727:
4701:
4668:
4647:Lip augmentation
4630:
4620:
4601:relating to the
4592:
4585:
4578:
4569:
4564:
4526:
4525:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4435:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4394:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4344:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4309:
4300:
4299:
4289:
4257:
4240:
4239:
4229:
4205:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4169:. 22 July 2009.
4159:
4153:
4152:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4114:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4076:10.1002/hec.1495
4064:Health Economics
4059:
4053:
4052:
4042:
4025:(678): e33–e41.
4010:
3993:
3992:
3974:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3933:Evening Standard
3925:
3919:
3918:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3869:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3777:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3610:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3550:
3518:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3498:
3491:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3430:. Archived from
3420:
3414:
3413:
3382:The Laryngoscope
3377:
3371:
3370:
3360:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3247:The Laryngoscope
3242:
3236:
3235:
3225:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3184:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3071:The Laryngoscope
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3024:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2964:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2905:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2864:
2846:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2762:
2752:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2612:Zhao M, Feng R,
2609:
2603:
2602:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2557:
2547:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2296:The Laryngoscope
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2244:
2227:(2): e20163490.
2212:
2195:
2194:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2142:
2132:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2083:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1924:
1900:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1866:
1851:
1850:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1714:
1703:
1702:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1472:(10): CD011165.
1463:
1454:
1441:
1440:
1427:
1410:(11): CD001802.
1401:
1392:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1329:
851:Tonsillar tumour
846:this indication
818:
635:Harmonic scalpel
608:local anesthesia
125:palatine tonsils
107:edit on Wikidata
99:
85:
44:
32:
21:
4902:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4851:
4838:
4815:
4810:
4787:
4782:
4759:
4741:
4720:
4715:
4694:
4689:
4661:
4656:
4623:
4609:
4596:
4555:
4546:Wayback Machine
4535:
4530:
4529:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4464:
4462:
4459:LCI richtlijnen
4453:
4452:
4448:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4360:
4346:
4345:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4259:
4258:
4243:
4207:
4206:
4189:
4179:
4177:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4012:
4011:
3996:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3893:(9): CD007806.
3888:
3887:
3883:
3852:(7): CD003591.
3839:
3838:
3834:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3752:(2): CD001874.
3739:
3738:
3734:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3700:
3692:. B.C. Decker.
3685:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3642:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3572:
3571:
3564:
3533:(8): CD003997.
3520:
3519:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3465:: ii387–ii437.
3452:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3434:on 14 July 2016
3422:
3421:
3417:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3043:
3042:
3038:
2999:(3): CD002211.
2986:
2985:
2978:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2692:10.14740/gr1672
2673:
2672:
2665:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2585:(12): 1155–61.
2579:JAMA Pediatrics
2576:
2575:
2571:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2214:
2213:
2198:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2019:(11): 983–988.
2006:
2005:
2001:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1902:
1901:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1854:
1825:(12): 1048–54.
1816:
1815:
1811:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1716:
1715:
1706:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1444:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1368:
1331:
1330:
1255:
1250:
1179:, resulting in
1138:Paulus Aegineta
1094:
1075:fee-for-service
1071:
845:
844:attributable to
843:
842:tonsillectomies
841:
836:
834:
833:this indication
832:
831:Proportion with
828:this indication
827:
826:consulting with
825:
809:
781:
729:
709:
665:Thermal Welding
535:
459:
427:Crohn's disease
415:immune function
411:
387:laryngeal edema
371:pharyngeal wall
339:
315:
290:
260:
216:
169:immune function
145:quality of life
110:
95:
81:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4900:
4898:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4864:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4795:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4769:
4767:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4730:
4728:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4704:
4702:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4617:
4611:
4610:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4553:
4548:
4534:
4533:External links
4531:
4528:
4527:
4472:
4446:
4422:
4365:
4358:
4330:
4301:
4272:(2): 217–241.
4241:
4187:
4154:
4126:
4089:
4054:
3994:
3945:
3920:
3881:
3832:
3789:
3732:
3705:
3698:
3678:
3671:
3647:
3640:
3622:
3562:
3510:
3478:
3445:
3428:My Tonsils.com
3415:
3388:(11): 2010–3.
3372:
3323:
3280:
3253:(10): 2330–6.
3237:
3196:
3147:
3104:
3061:
3036:
2976:
2935:
2896:(6): 467–470.
2876:
2817:
2774:
2723:
2663:
2628:(3): 266–276.
2604:
2569:
2518:
2489:(3): 442–455.
2466:
2439:(4): 574–581.
2423:
2404:(3): 517–521.
2388:
2353:(2): 205–210.
2337:
2282:
2256:
2196:
2162:
2103:
2054:
1999:
1944:
1886:
1852:
1809:
1766:
1704:
1669:(2): 275–282.
1653:
1618:
1589:(9): e010030.
1566:
1547:(8): 1184–91.
1528:
1521:
1501:
1442:
1366:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1228:social classes
1189:Lorenz Heister
1120:) described a
1093:
1090:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
969:
968:
965:
962:
959:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
941:
940:
932:
931:
928:
925:
922:
918:
917:
914:
911:
908:
904:
903:
900:
897:
894:
890:
889:
886:
883:
880:
876:
875:
872:
869:
866:
862:
861:
858:
855:
852:
848:
847:
838:
829:
822:
808:
805:
794:hysterectomies
790:Liam Donaldson
780:
777:
728:
725:
713:corticosteroid
708:
705:
704:
703:
688:
673:
669:thermal energy
662:
640:medical device
631:
620:
604:radiofrequency
597:
577:Electrocautery
573:
534:
531:
523:blood clotting
499:electrocautery
458:
455:
423:immunoglobulin
410:
407:
391:cardiac arrest
338:
335:
331:abnormal voice
314:
311:
289:
286:
259:
256:
215:
212:
188:electrocautery
123:in which both
112:
111:
104:
101:
100:
93:
87:
86:
79:
73:
72:
63:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4899:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4882:Sleep surgery
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4806:Adenoidectomy
4804:
4802:
4801:Tonsillectomy
4799:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4692:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4593:
4588:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4473:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4366:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4319:. 28 May 2001
4318:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4155:
4150:
4146:
4143:(4): 289–96.
4142:
4138:
4130:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4070:(5): 562–80.
4069:
4065:
4058:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3946:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3651:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3632:Pediatric ENT
3626:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3495:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3449:
3446:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3343:(6): 807–16.
3342:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3296:(2): 579–83.
3295:
3291:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3120:(5): 337–48.
3119:
3115:
3108:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2737:BMC Neurology
2734:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2283:
2270:
2266:
2265:"Tonsillitis"
2260:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2175:NIHR Evidence
2172:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1782:(4): 307–13.
1781:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1522:9780323278201
1518:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1232:status symbol
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:Benjamin Bell
1197:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1149:Ambroise Pare
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
960:
958: 3 to 4
957:
956:
952:
949:
946:
944: 5 to 6
943:
942:
939:
938:
934:
933:
929:
926:
923:
920:
919:
915:
912:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
895:
892:
891:
887:
884:
881:
878:
877:
873:
870:
867:
864:
863:
859:
856:
853:
850:
849:
839:
837:tonsillectomy
830:
823:
820:
819:
816:
813:
806:
804:
801:
799:
795:
791:
785:
778:
776:
772:
770:
766:
763:
759:
755:
750:
747:
742:
739:
735:
726:
724:
722:
718:
717:dexamethasone
714:
706:
701:
696:
692:
691:Microdebrider
689:
685:
681:
677:
674:
670:
666:
663:
660:
656:
652:
648:
645:
641:
637:
636:
632:
628:
627:blood vessels
624:
621:
618:
613:
609:
605:
601:
598:
595:
591:
587:
586:cauterization
584:loss through
583:
579:
578:
574:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
548:
547:
546:
544:
540:
532:
530:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
479:
471:
463:
456:
454:
452:
451:breast cancer
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:meta-analysis
428:
424:
420:
416:
409:Immune system
408:
406:
404:
398:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:complications
337:Complications
336:
334:
333:in children.
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:tonsil stones
312:
310:
308:
304:
300:
295:
287:
285:
283:
276:
271:
269:
266:In 2019, the
264:
257:
255:
253:
249:
245:
244:tonsil cancer
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
213:
211:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
117:Tonsillectomy
108:
98:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
35:Tonsillectomy
33:
30:
19:
4816:
4800:
4788:
4773:Palatoplasty
4760:
4734:
4721:
4708:
4695:
4662:
4652:Cheiloplasty
4624:
4560:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4463:. Retrieved
4458:
4449:
4437:. Retrieved
4425:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4348:
4321:. Retrieved
4316:
4269:
4265:
4220:(1): 59–63.
4217:
4213:
4178:. Retrieved
4166:
4157:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4102:
4092:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4022:
4018:
3965:(5): 680–4.
3962:
3958:
3948:
3936:. Retrieved
3932:
3923:
3890:
3884:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3805:(2): 281–6.
3802:
3798:
3792:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3688:
3681:
3657:
3650:
3631:
3625:
3585:: CD005607.
3582:
3578:
3530:
3526:
3501:. Retrieved
3494:the original
3481:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3436:. Retrieved
3432:the original
3427:
3418:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3216:(1): 45–50.
3213:
3209:
3199:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3077:(5): 882–7.
3074:
3070:
3064:
3052:. Retrieved
3048:
3039:
2996:
2992:
2955:(3): 243–9.
2952:
2948:
2938:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2686:(2): 90–99.
2683:
2679:
2625:
2621:
2607:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2486:
2482:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2273:. Retrieved
2268:
2259:
2224:
2220:
2174:
2165:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2016:
2012:
2002:
1964:(S1): S1-8.
1961:
1957:
1947:
1915:(2): 111–7.
1912:
1908:
1877:. Retrieved
1874:ec.europa.eu
1873:
1822:
1819:Medical Care
1818:
1812:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1726:
1722:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1586:
1582:
1544:
1540:
1511:
1504:
1469:
1465:
1437:
1407:
1403:
1342:
1338:
1243:
1236:
1212:
1208:tonsillotome
1193:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1142:
1103:
1085:
1072:
1064:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
936:
935:
814:
810:
802:
786:
782:
773:
751:
743:
730:
710:
690:
675:
664:
633:
622:
602:: Monopolar
599:
575:
549:
536:
527:
491:tonsillotomy
490:
484:
412:
399:
395:
383:laryngospasm
340:
316:
291:
278:
273:
265:
261:
217:
214:Medical uses
196:
173:
149:
116:
115:
29:
4685:Glossectomy
3721:: 469–472.
3503:30 November
3167:(2): 90–3.
2614:Ben-Horin S
2140:10023/27774
1187:(1672) and
1145:Middle Ages
1116:(25 BCE–50
1112:aristocrat
758:paracetamol
734:dehydration
707:Medications
659:coagulation
617:tonsillitis
560:to undergo
351:dehydration
303:sleep study
258:Sore throat
224:tonsillitis
220:sleep apnea
180:paracetamol
164:Throat pain
160:dehydration
133:tonsillitis
91:MedlinePlus
52:Other names
4866:Categories
4751:Oropharynx
4599:Procedures
4492:: 111290.
4461:(in Dutch)
4379:The Lancet
3938:27 January
2837:: 925596.
2538:(1): 242.
2221:Pediatrics
2117:The Lancet
1248:References
1181:hoarseness
1173:secretions
1167:, and the
1157:Peter Lowe
1082:remarked:
835:undergoing
684:outpatient
680:gag reflex
644:ultrasonic
439:odds ratio
437:, with an
419:infections
375:aspiration
323:bad breath
4829:Uvulotomy
4522:251706895
4506:0165-5876
4401:0140-6736
4323:2 October
4266:Med. Hist
4180:5 January
4175:0362-4331
3907:1469-493X
3766:1469-493X
3599:1469-493X
3275:206199958
3013:1469-493X
2912:1559-0755
2853:2234-943X
2812:219775558
2804:0732-183X
2700:1918-2805
2658:244686665
2642:1365-2036
2383:220943451
2367:0003-4894
2316:1531-4995
2191:261565310
2149:0140-6736
2090:1424-3997
2033:0003-4894
1978:0194-5998
1879:8 October
1743:1865-1011
1729:: Doc07.
1683:1749-4486
1634:: 41–50.
1122:procedure
1048:1,630,807
754:ibuprofen
647:vibrating
503:diathermy
429:. A 2024
329:, and an
234:(PFAPA),
207:inpatient
176:ibuprofen
4642:Lip lift
4542:Archived
4514:36067711
4409:25072064
4296:29553012
4236:20476427
4121:21304842
4084:19399752
4049:30397014
3989:33142532
3981:20974339
3915:24022333
3876:23881651
3819:15692542
3784:10796831
3617:23235625
3608:11366083
3557:21833946
3402:14603065
3367:21373898
3318:30491811
3310:21547390
3267:22833366
3232:23248656
3191:23799166
3134:17431570
3099:41047058
3091:12792327
3031:21412878
2971:22431869
2930:34523058
2871:35936707
2769:23648120
2718:38716286
2709:11073456
2650:34820868
2599:26436644
2564:35751056
2513:28094660
2453:24691645
2418:28927847
2375:32741219
2332:73503702
2324:30848478
2251:28096515
2157:37209706
2098:17705110
2049:46503189
2041:12450171
1986:18164373
1939:31719394
1931:20500580
1847:22239630
1839:23969585
1804:42461145
1796:25658777
1761:25587367
1691:27506317
1648:29224763
1613:27591015
1583:BMJ Open
1561:26055199
1496:26465274
1434:25407135
1361:30798778
1169:excision
1165:ligature
1153:ligature
1014: 1
1000: 2
612:scarring
570:bleeding
519:thrombin
355:ear pain
294:Cochrane
238:, nasal
156:vomiting
152:bleeding
61:ICD-9-CM
4723:gingiva
4607:pharynx
4439:20 June
4417:5161486
4287:5883156
4227:2384338
4149:5451974
4112:2378727
4040:6301361
3867:7154573
3827:3189359
3775:7025437
3548:6485432
3438:11 July
3410:7386342
3358:3087106
3223:3523437
3182:3687068
3142:7088360
3054:15 July
3022:7097733
2921:8580919
2862:9350012
2760:3651719
2555:9229076
2504:5639328
2275:22 June
2242:5260157
1752:4273168
1699:1784671
1604:5020755
1487:9242010
1425:7075105
1092:History
1031:701,266
1017:446,275
1003:251,247
961:170,687
765:codeine
638:: This
566:patient
558:patient
539:scalpel
533:Methods
515:sutures
495:scalpel
192:adenoid
83:D014068
4877:Tonsil
4790:tonsil
4762:palate
4664:tongue
4520:
4512:
4504:
4465:7 July
4415:
4407:
4399:
4356:
4294:
4284:
4234:
4224:
4173:
4147:
4119:
4109:
4082:
4047:
4037:
3987:
3979:
3913:
3905:
3874:
3864:
3825:
3817:
3782:
3772:
3764:
3696:
3669:
3638:
3615:
3605:
3597:
3555:
3545:
3408:
3400:
3365:
3355:
3316:
3308:
3273:
3265:
3230:
3220:
3189:
3179:
3140:
3132:
3097:
3089:
3029:
3019:
3011:
2969:
2928:
2918:
2910:
2869:
2859:
2851:
2810:
2802:
2767:
2757:
2743:: 41.
2716:
2706:
2698:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2597:
2562:
2552:
2511:
2501:
2461:370599
2459:
2451:
2416:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2269:nhs.uk
2249:
2239:
2189:
2155:
2147:
2096:
2088:
2047:
2039:
2031:
1994:704501
1992:
1984:
1976:
1937:
1929:
1845:
1837:
1802:
1794:
1759:
1749:
1741:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1646:
1611:
1601:
1559:
1519:
1494:
1484:
1432:
1422:
1359:
1185:Dionis
1177:larynx
1163:, the
1134:Aetius
1058:100.0%
1009:14.3%
967:30.1%
953:12.4%
947:25,420
916:12.3%
910:15,205
888:11.6%
882:15,320
762:opioid
738:circle
594:tissue
511:lasers
487:fascia
367:larynx
199:Celsus
190:. The
129:throat
97:003013
4818:uvula
4697:teeth
4615:Mouth
4603:mouth
4518:S2CID
4434:(PDF)
4413:S2CID
3985:S2CID
3823:S2CID
3497:(PDF)
3490:(PDF)
3406:S2CID
3314:S2CID
3271:S2CID
3138:S2CID
3095:S2CID
2808:S2CID
2654:S2CID
2457:S2CID
2379:S2CID
2328:S2CID
2187:S2CID
2045:S2CID
1990:S2CID
1935:S2CID
1843:S2CID
1800:S2CID
1695:S2CID
1462:(PDF)
1400:(PDF)
1204:uvula
1161:snare
1130:snare
1126:Galen
1110:Roman
1043:Total
1037:4.7%
1023:9.9%
995:0.0%
981:0.2%
930:0.5%
927:14.8%
913:14.8%
902:3.9%
899:22.2%
896:3,185
885:13.9%
874:0.1%
860:0.0%
779:Rates
746:scabs
715:drug
695:sinus
642:uses
582:blood
501:, or
363:teeth
313:Other
119:is a
105:[
4733:see
4707:see
4605:and
4510:PMID
4502:ISSN
4467:2019
4441:2019
4405:PMID
4397:ISSN
4354:ISBN
4325:2019
4292:PMID
4232:PMID
4182:2019
4171:ISSN
4145:PMID
4117:PMID
4080:PMID
4045:PMID
3977:PMID
3940:2018
3911:PMID
3903:ISSN
3872:PMID
3850:2013
3815:PMID
3780:PMID
3762:ISSN
3750:1999
3719:1254
3694:ISBN
3667:ISBN
3636:ISBN
3613:PMID
3595:ISSN
3553:PMID
3531:2011
3505:2013
3440:2016
3398:PMID
3363:PMID
3306:PMID
3263:PMID
3228:PMID
3187:PMID
3130:PMID
3087:PMID
3056:2016
3027:PMID
3009:ISSN
2997:2011
2967:PMID
2926:PMID
2908:ISSN
2867:PMID
2849:ISSN
2800:ISSN
2765:PMID
2714:PMID
2696:ISSN
2646:PMID
2638:ISSN
2595:PMID
2560:PMID
2509:PMID
2449:PMID
2414:PMID
2371:PMID
2363:ISSN
2320:PMID
2312:ISSN
2277:2019
2247:PMID
2153:PMID
2145:ISSN
2094:PMID
2086:ISSN
2037:PMID
2029:ISSN
1982:PMID
1974:ISSN
1927:PMID
1881:2019
1835:PMID
1792:PMID
1757:PMID
1739:ISSN
1687:PMID
1679:ISSN
1644:PMID
1609:PMID
1557:PMID
1517:ISBN
1492:PMID
1470:2015
1430:PMID
1408:2014
1357:PMID
1143:The
1053:1.1%
1034:0.1%
1020:0.4%
992:4.7%
978:3.7%
964:3.2%
950:8.9%
871:3.4%
756:and
537:The
389:and
369:and
299:AHRQ
246:and
178:and
139:and
77:MeSH
70:28.3
66:28.2
4626:lip
4494:doi
4490:162
4387:doi
4383:384
4282:PMC
4274:doi
4222:PMC
4107:PMC
4072:doi
4035:PMC
4027:doi
3967:doi
3963:143
3895:doi
3862:PMC
3854:doi
3807:doi
3803:132
3770:PMC
3754:doi
3723:doi
3663:357
3603:PMC
3587:doi
3543:PMC
3535:doi
3467:doi
3463:108
3390:doi
3386:113
3353:PMC
3345:doi
3341:268
3298:doi
3294:269
3255:doi
3251:122
3218:PMC
3177:PMC
3169:doi
3122:doi
3114:Hno
3079:doi
3075:113
3017:PMC
3001:doi
2957:doi
2953:138
2916:PMC
2898:doi
2857:PMC
2839:doi
2792:doi
2755:PMC
2745:doi
2704:PMC
2688:doi
2630:doi
2587:doi
2583:169
2550:PMC
2540:doi
2499:PMC
2491:doi
2487:156
2441:doi
2437:150
2406:doi
2355:doi
2351:130
2304:doi
2300:129
2237:PMC
2229:doi
2225:139
2179:doi
2135:hdl
2125:doi
2121:401
2076:doi
2072:137
2021:doi
2017:111
1966:doi
1962:138
1917:doi
1827:doi
1784:doi
1780:129
1747:PMC
1731:doi
1671:doi
1636:doi
1632:103
1599:PMC
1591:doi
1549:doi
1482:PMC
1474:doi
1420:PMC
1412:doi
1347:doi
1343:160
1106:BCE
989:148
975:939
924:675
868:435
655:eye
651:kHz
509:or
505:.
186:or
4868::
4559:.
4516:.
4508:.
4500:.
4488:.
4484:.
4457:.
4411:.
4403:.
4395:.
4381:.
4377:.
4333:^
4315:.
4304:^
4290:.
4280:.
4270:62
4268:.
4264:.
4244:^
4230:.
4218:29
4216:.
4212:.
4190:^
4165:.
4141:61
4139:.
4115:.
4101:.
4078:.
4068:19
4066:.
4043:.
4033:.
4023:69
4021:.
4017:.
3997:^
3983:.
3975:.
3961:.
3957:.
3931:.
3909:.
3901:.
3870:.
3860:.
3848:.
3844:.
3821:.
3813:.
3801:.
3778:.
3768:.
3760:.
3748:.
3744:.
3717:.
3665:.
3611:.
3601:.
3593:.
3583:12
3581:.
3577:.
3565:^
3551:.
3541:.
3529:.
3525:.
3513:^
3461:.
3457:.
3426:.
3404:.
3396:.
3384:.
3361:.
3351:.
3339:.
3335:.
3312:.
3304:.
3292:.
3269:.
3261:.
3249:.
3226:.
3214:17
3212:.
3208:.
3185:.
3175:.
3163:.
3159:.
3136:.
3128:.
3118:55
3116:.
3093:.
3085:.
3073:.
3047:.
3025:.
3015:.
3007:.
2995:.
2991:.
2979:^
2965:.
2951:.
2947:.
2924:.
2914:.
2906:.
2894:69
2892:.
2888:.
2865:.
2855:.
2847:.
2835:12
2833:.
2829:.
2806:.
2798:.
2788:38
2786:.
2763:.
2753:.
2741:13
2739:.
2735:.
2712:.
2702:.
2694:.
2684:17
2682:.
2678:.
2666:^
2652:.
2644:.
2636:.
2626:55
2624:.
2620:.
2593:.
2581:.
2558:.
2548:.
2536:18
2534:.
2530:.
2507:.
2497:.
2485:.
2481:.
2469:^
2455:.
2447:.
2435:.
2412:.
2402:45
2400:.
2377:.
2369:.
2361:.
2349:.
2326:.
2318:.
2310:.
2298:.
2294:.
2267:.
2245:.
2235:.
2223:.
2219:.
2199:^
2185:.
2173:.
2151:.
2143:.
2133:.
2119:.
2115:.
2092:.
2084:.
2070:.
2066:.
2043:.
2035:.
2027:.
2015:.
2011:.
1988:.
1980:.
1972:.
1960:.
1956:.
1933:.
1925:.
1913:35
1911:.
1907:.
1889:^
1872:.
1855:^
1841:.
1833:.
1823:51
1821:.
1798:.
1790:.
1778:.
1755:.
1745:.
1737:.
1727:13
1725:.
1721:.
1707:^
1693:.
1685:.
1677:.
1667:42
1665:.
1642:.
1630:.
1607:.
1597:.
1585:.
1581:.
1569:^
1555:.
1545:79
1543:.
1531:^
1490:.
1480:.
1468:.
1464:.
1445:^
1436:.
1428:.
1418:.
1406:.
1402:.
1369:^
1355:.
1341:.
1337:.
1256:^
1118:CE
1006:1%
857:0%
590:°C
385:,
381:,
377:,
373:,
357:,
349:,
325:,
321:,
242:,
230:,
171:.
158:,
154:,
147:.
135:,
4820::
4792::
4764::
4725::
4699::
4666::
4628::
4591:e
4584:t
4577:v
4563:.
4524:.
4496::
4469:.
4443:.
4419:.
4389::
4362:.
4327:.
4298:.
4276::
4238:.
4184:.
4151:.
4123:.
4086:.
4074::
4051:.
4029::
3991:.
3969::
3942:.
3917:.
3897::
3878:.
3856::
3829:.
3809::
3786:.
3756::
3729:.
3725::
3702:.
3675:.
3644:.
3619:.
3589::
3559:.
3537::
3507:.
3475:.
3469::
3442:.
3412:.
3392::
3369:.
3347::
3320:.
3300::
3277:.
3257::
3234:.
3193:.
3171::
3165:6
3144:.
3124::
3101:.
3081::
3058:.
3033:.
3003::
2973:.
2959::
2932:.
2900::
2873:.
2841::
2814:.
2794::
2771:.
2747::
2720:.
2690::
2660:.
2632::
2601:.
2589::
2566:.
2542::
2515:.
2493::
2463:.
2443::
2420:.
2408::
2385:.
2357::
2334:.
2306::
2279:.
2253:.
2231::
2193:.
2181::
2159:.
2137::
2127::
2100:.
2078::
2051:.
2023::
1996:.
1968::
1941:.
1919::
1883:.
1849:.
1829::
1806:.
1786::
1763:.
1733::
1701:.
1673::
1650:.
1638::
1615:.
1593::
1587:6
1563:.
1551::
1525:.
1498:.
1476::
1414::
1363:.
1349::
854:5
619:.
572:.
109:]
68:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
