583:
1617:
33:
316:. She may also have had a brother, whose name is not known, who predeceased her father. Thus, upon Ulric Manfred II's death (in December 1033 or 1034), Adelaide inherited the bulk of her father's property. This included property in the counties of
1313:
599:
are sometimes mistakenly said to have had children together. This was not the case. Herman was on campaign for much of his short marriage to
Adelaide and he died without heirs. Nor did Adelaide have children with her second husband, Henry.
456:
In 1069 Henry IV tried to repudiate
Adelaide's daughter, Bertha, causing Adelaide's relationship with the imperial family to cool. However, through Bertha's intervention, Henry received Adelaide's support when he came to Italy to submit to
485:. Following this, Adelaide's dealings with Henry IV became closer. She offered to mediate between him and Matilda of Tuscany, and may even have joined him on a campaign in southern Italy in 1084.
1367:
1360:
1516:
1471:
1691:
1556:
1536:
689:
582:
1289:
1701:
1696:
1586:
364:, in 1036 or 1037. Herman was then invested as margrave of Turin. However, in 1038, Herman died of the plague while fighting for Conrad II in
1506:
1251:
A. Creber, âWomen at
Canossa. The Role of Elite Women in the Reconciliation between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV of Germany (January 1077),â
615:
1716:
1661:
644:
400:
218:
876:
745:
See e.g. Fumagalli, 'Adelaide e
Matilde'; Goez, 'Ein neuer Typ der europĂ€ischen FĂŒrstin'; Sergi, 'Matilde di Canossa e Adelaide di Torino'
516:, but that at other times she did not. Peter Damian (writing in 1064) and Gregory VII (writing in 1073), relied upon Adelaide to enforce
446:
1676:
1651:
1581:
671:
481:
sent several letters to
Adelaide between 1080 and 1082 encouraging her to support Henry IV in the Italian wars which formed part of the
473:. Adelaide and her son Amadeus then accompanied Henry IV and Bertha to Canossa, where Adelaide acted as mediator, alongside Matilda and
1606:
1591:
371:
Adelaide remarried in order to secure her vast possessions. Probably in 1041, and certainly before 19 January 1042, Adelaide married
1711:
1464:
1216:
474:
1352:
953:
375:. Henry died around 1045 leaving Adelaide a widow for the second time. Immediately, a third marriage was undertaken, this time to
1277:
E. Goez, 'Ein neuer Typ der europĂ€ischen FĂŒrstin im 11. und frĂŒhen 12.Jahrhundert?â in B. SchneidmĂŒller and S. Weinfurter, eds.,
564:
356:
Since the margravial title primarily had a military purpose at the time, it was not considered a suitable position for a woman.
1107:
Otto is sometimes said to be Bishop Otto III of Asti (r.c.1080-c.1088), but this identification is uncertain. See L. Vergano,
1706:
1571:
730:
619:
1721:
372:
357:
1671:
1666:
1656:
1636:
1457:
1130:
638:
396:
1357:(Brief biography of Adelaide, plus English translations of letters to Adelaide, and legal documents issued by Adelaide)
493:
Adelaide made many donations to monasteries in the March of Turin. In 1064 she founded the monastery of Santa Maria at
1521:
1160:
430:
It is sometimes incorrectly reported that
Adelaide abandoned Turin as the capital and began to reside permanently at
625:
205:
1686:
1541:
1480:
1424:
596:
361:
348:. It is likely that Adelaide's mother, Bertha, briefly acted as regent for Adelaide after Ulric Manfred's death.
301:
231:
110:
1491:
563:, where she had supposedly been living incognito for twenty-two years before her death. The medieval historian
1496:
482:
1441:
1230:
A. Creber, 'Breaking Up Is Hard To Do: Dissolving Royal and Noble
Marriages in Eleventh-Century Germany',
648:
575:
wood, beneath a bronze veneer, representing
Adelaide genuflecting in prayer. Above it is the inscription:
388:
1306:
1223:
1067:
On this see E. Hlawitschka, 'Zur
Abstammung Richwaras, der Gemahlin Herzog Bertholds I. von ZĂ€hringen,'
404:
1576:
1320:
G. Sergi, 'I poli del potere pubblico e dell'orientamento signorile degli
Arduinici: Torino e Susa, in
1202:
547:
Adelaide died in December 1091. According to a later legend, she was buried in the parochial church of
1338:
G. Sergi, 'Matilde di Canossa e Adelaide di Torino: contatti, confronti, valutazioni tipologiche,â in
1641:
1546:
1340:
Matilde di Canossa e il suo tempo. Atti del XXI congresso internazionale di studio Sullâalto Medioevo
677:
525:
276:
1531:
536:
434:. Adelaide is documented far more frequently at the margravial palace in Turin than anywhere else.
384:
133:
1681:
1646:
1551:
462:
284:
1259:
A. Creber, 'Mirrors for Margraves: Peter Damian's Different Models for Male and Female Rulers,â
1135:
Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art: The Dinner Party: Heritage Floor: Adelaide of Susa
560:
1616:
1566:
1431:
1212:
1052:
899:
726:
517:
501:
877:"Breaking Up Is Hard To Do: Dissolving Royal and Noble Marriages in Eleventh-Century Germany"
341:
308:
around 1014/1020, Adelaide's early life is not well known. Adelaide had two younger sisters,
1596:
1375:
891:
665:
611:
513:
509:
458:
380:
309:
200:
332:. Adelaide also inherited property, but probably not comital authority, in the counties of
1526:
1238:
A. Creber, âThe Princely Woman and the Emperor: Imagery of Female Rule in Benzo of Albaâs
1138:
957:
634:
529:
424:
408:
392:
313:
305:
241:
213:
771:
528:. By contrast, Alexander II (writing c.1066/7) reproached Adelaide for her dealings with
1601:
1561:
1511:
568:
437:
In 1070 Adelaide captured and burned the city of Asti, which had rebelled against her.
431:
420:
272:
55:
950:
1630:
604:
478:
376:
159:
1191:
A Cistercian Nunnery in Mediaeval Italy: The Story of Rifreddo in Saluzzo, 1220-1300
1361:
Adelheid von Turin, Herzogin von Schwaben, MarkgrÀfin von Turin, GrÀfin von Savoyen
660:
505:
500:
Adelaide received letters from many of the leading churchmen of the day, including
1054:
Dizionario geografico-storico-statistico-commerciale degli stati del Redi Sardegna
1250:
930:
345:
321:
445:
32:
1266:
V. Fumagalli, 'Adelaide e Matilde, due protagoniste del potere medievale,â in
556:
521:
469:. In return for allowing him to travel through her lands, Henry gave Adelaide
1279:
Salisches Kaisertum und neues Europa. Die Zeit Heinrichs IV. und Heinrichs V.
1237:
961:
903:
1395:
1379:
1314:
EuropÀische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der EuropÀischen Staaten
895:
548:
280:
97:
83:
723:
Amazons to Fighter Pilots: An Autobiographical Dictionary of Military Women
1286:
Die Grafen von Savoyen und das Reich: bis zum Ende der staufischen Periode
577:
Questa Ăš Adelaide, cui l'istessa Roma Cole, e primo d'Ausonia onor la noma
494:
283:. She is sometimes compared to her second cousin and close contemporary,
92:
1294:
R. Merlone, 'Prosopografia aleramica (secolo X e prima metĂ dell'XI),'
466:
333:
325:
1449:
279:
in Northwestern Italy from 1034 to her death. She was the last of the
572:
533:
365:
1288:(Innsbruck, 1900), accessible online (but without page numbers) at:
419:
After the death of her husband Otto, c.1057/60, Adelaide ruled the
581:
470:
444:
317:
51:
945:
943:
360:
therefore arranged a marriage between Adelaide and his stepson,
337:
329:
1453:
1333:
I confini del potere. Marche e signorie fra due regni medievali
708:
Previte-Orton, p250 note7; 19 December~Bernold, 25 December~
512:. These letters indicate that Adelaide sometimes supported
812:
On the property inherited by Adelaide, see Previté-Orton,
271:– 19 December 1091) was the countess of part of the
1303:
The Early History of the House of Savoy (1000â1233)
1094:
1092:
1090:
669:, being represented as one of the 999 names on the
237:
227:
193:
103:
91:
77:
62:
39:
23:
1199:JahrbĂŒcher des Deutschen Reichs unter Konrad II.
1322:La contessa Adelaide e la societĂ del secolo XI
1268:La contessa Adelaide e la societĂ del secolo XI
1209:The Dinner Party: From Creation to Preservation
949:For English translations of these letters, see
571:, in a niche in the wall, there is a statue of
1465:
1354:Women's Biography: Adelaide of Turin and Susa
1261:Historical Reflections/RĂ©flexions Historiques
1069:Zeitschrift fĂŒr die Geschichte des Oberrheins
765:
763:
8:
962:Creber, âThe Princely Woman and the Emperor'
725:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 3.
676:She is affiliated with the place setting of
595:Due to a late Austrian source, Adelaide and
838:Merlone, 'Prosopografia aleramica,' p. 580.
379:(1046). Adelaide had three sons with Otto:
1472:
1458:
1450:
1386:
1305:(Cambridge, 1912), accessible online at:
1296:Bollettino storico-bibliografico subalpino
770:Dunbar, Agnes Baillie Cunninghame (1904).
31:
20:
1256:13 (2017), article no. 13, pp. 1â44.
951:Epistolae: Medieval Women's Latin Letters
1201:, 2 vols. (1884), accessible online at:
586:Adelaide as imagined in the 18th century
701:
690:List of female rulers and title holders
427:alongside her sons Peter and Amadeus.
7:
1224:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
1026:Unâantica cronaca piemontese inedita
816:, pp. 154f., 188, 208, 217 and 231f.
754:
1366:Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "
1189:Boyd, Catherine Evangeline (1943).
567:called this story "absurd". In the
1692:Women in medieval European warfare
1592:Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat
14:
1372:A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography
1022:Chronicon Abbatiae Fructuariensis
659:Adelaide is a featured figure on
475:Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan
1615:
1342:(Spoleto, 2016), pp. 57â74.
999:Creber, 'Mirrors for Margraves'.
875:Creber, Alison (22 April 2019).
1281:(Darmstadt, 2007), pp. 161â193.
1051:Casalis, Goffredo, ed. (1850).
710:Necrol. S. Solutoris etc. Turin
520:and protect the monasteries of
391:. They also had two daughters:
164:
138:
115:
1572:Adelaide, Countess of Burgundy
1234:37:2 (2018), pp. 149â171.
620:William VII, Duke of Aquitaine
1:
1702:11th-century Italian nobility
1697:Women in 11th-century warfare
1432:Marchioness of Turin and Susa
1404:
773:A Dictionary of Saintly Women
565:Charles William Previté-Orton
373:Henry, Marquess of Montferrat
265:
176:
168:
150:
142:
119:
43:
639:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
555:) in a small village on the
489:Relationship with the Church
407:(who later opposed Henry as
1717:Mothers of Italian monarchs
1662:Marchionesses of Montferrat
1221:F. Cognasso, 'Adelaide' in
1193:. Harvard University Press.
847:Sergi, 'I poli del potere'.
219:Adelaide, Duchess of Swabia
1738:
1677:11th-century Italian women
1652:11th-century women regents
1211:. London: Merrell (2007).
931:Creber, âWomen at Canossa'
721:Pennington, Reina (2003).
614:(c. 1048 â 1078), married
214:Bertha, Holy Roman Empress
206:Amadeus II, Count of Savoy
1613:
1487:
1438:
1429:
1421:
1389:
1328:32 (1992), pp. 61â76
1298:, LXXXI, (1983), 451-585.
1057:(in Italian). G. Maspers.
1024:, in G. Calligaris, ed.,
597:Herman IV, Duke of Swabia
302:Ulric Manfred II of Turin
232:Ulric Manfred II of Turin
111:Herman IV, Duke of Swabia
30:
1712:Remarried royal consorts
1028:(Turin, 1889), pp. 132f.
956:20 December 2016 at the
526:San Michele della Chiusa
441:Relationship with empire
1324:, a special edition of
1270:, a special edition of
1082:EuropÀische Stammtafeln
960:. For discussion, see:
637:(1051 â 1087), married
483:Investiture Controversy
477:, among others. Bishop
1542:Clementia of ZĂ€hringen
1290:Genealogie Mittelalter
1165:www.brooklynmuseum.org
1111:, part I. (Asti, 1951)
663:'s installation piece
649:Rudolf von Rheinfelden
587:
453:
1707:Women in war in Italy
1245:Royal Studies Journal
1098:Previte-Orton, p.231.
896:10.1093/gerhis/ghy108
585:
448:
405:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
1722:11th-century regents
1557:Margaret of Burgundy
1547:Beatrice of Viennois
1537:Gertrude of Flanders
1301:C.W. Previté-Orton,
1263:, 42:1 (2016), 8-20.
801:I confini del potere
678:Eleanor of Aquitaine
277:marchioness of Turin
82:Parochial church of
16:Marchioness of Turin
1672:Duchesses of Swabia
1667:Countesses of Savoy
1657:Marquesses of Turin
1637:11th-century births
1587:Blanche of Burgundy
1532:Faidiva of Toulouse
1481:Countesses of Savoy
626:Amadeus II of Savoy
607:had five children:
591:Family and children
537:Archbishop of Milan
397:Henry IV of Germany
320:(especially in the
134:Henry of Montferrat
1552:Margaret of Geneva
1517:Gisela of Burgundy
1507:Agnes of Aquitaine
1274:32 (1992), 243-257
1161:"Adelaide of Susa"
1131:"Adelaide of Susa"
1071:, 154 (2006), 1â20
588:
463:Matilda of Tuscany
454:
452:, Adelaide of Susa
415:Widowhood and rule
285:Matilda of Tuscany
1624:
1623:
1567:Agnes of Faucigny
1448:
1447:
1439:Succeeded by
1391:Adelaide of Susa
1247:5:2 (2018), 7-26.
1227:- Volume 1 (1960)
645:Adelaide of Savoy
569:cathedral of Susa
518:clerical celibacy
502:Pope Alexander II
450:11th century coin
358:Emperor Conrad II
300:Born in Turin to
250:Adelaide of Turin
247:
246:
1729:
1687:Regents of Savoy
1619:
1607:Mary of Burgundy
1597:Bonne of Bourbon
1582:Marie of Brabant
1502:Adelaide of Susa
1474:
1467:
1460:
1451:
1425:Ulric Manfred II
1422:Preceded by
1417:
1416:19 December 1091
1410:
1409:
1408: 1014/1020
1406:
1387:
1383:
1317:(Marburg, 1978).
1311:D. Schwennicke,
1194:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1029:
1019:
1013:
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
984:
978:
971:
965:
947:
938:
928:
922:
915:
909:
907:
881:
867:
861:
854:
848:
845:
839:
836:
830:
823:
817:
810:
804:
797:
791:
784:
778:
777:
767:
758:
752:
746:
743:
737:
736:
718:
712:
706:
666:The Dinner Party
628:(c. 1050 â 1080)
612:Peter I of Savoy
514:Gregorian reform
510:Pope Gregory VII
459:Pope Gregory VII
270:
269: 1014/1020
267:
201:Peter I of Savoy
185:
181:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
155:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
129:
128:
124:
121:
117:
87:
73:19 December 1091
72:
70:
58:
48:
47: 1014/1020
45:
35:
25:Adelaide of Susa
21:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1611:
1577:Sybille of Bùgé
1527:Mahaut of Albon
1483:
1478:
1444:
1435:
1427:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1365:
1349:
1240:Ad Heinricum IV
1207:Chicago, Judy.
1188:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1139:Brooklyn Museum
1129:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1088:
1084:, I.1, table 84
1079:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1037:Previté-Orton,
1036:
1032:
1020:
1016:
1008:Previté-Orton,
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
986:Previté-Orton,
985:
981:
973:Previté-Orton,
972:
968:
958:Wayback Machine
948:
941:
929:
925:
917:Previté-Orton,
916:
912:
879:
874:
869:Previté-Orton,
868:
864:
856:Previté-Orton,
855:
851:
846:
842:
837:
833:
824:
820:
811:
807:
798:
794:
786:Previté-Orton,
785:
781:
769:
768:
761:
753:
749:
744:
740:
733:
720:
719:
715:
707:
703:
698:
686:
657:
635:Bertha of Savoy
593:
561:Valle dell'Orco
545:
530:Guido da Velate
491:
451:
443:
425:county of Savoy
417:
409:King of Germany
354:
306:Bertha of Milan
298:
293:
268:
242:Bertha of Milan
223:
189:
183:
179:
171:
163:
153:
145:
137:
126:
122:
114:
81:
68:
66:
50:
49:
46:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1735:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1602:Bonne of Berry
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1562:Cecile of Baux
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Joan of Geneva
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1363:
1358:
1348:
1347:External links
1345:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1318:
1309:
1299:
1292:
1282:
1275:
1264:
1257:
1248:
1235:
1232:German History
1228:
1219:
1205:
1195:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1152:
1122:
1113:
1109:Storia di Asti
1100:
1086:
1073:
1060:
1043:
1041:, pp. 250â251.
1030:
1014:
1001:
992:
979:
966:
939:
923:
910:
890:(2): 149â171.
884:German History
862:
849:
840:
831:
818:
805:
792:
790:, pp. 154, 187
779:
759:
747:
738:
731:
713:
700:
699:
697:
694:
693:
692:
685:
682:
672:Heritage Floor
656:
653:
652:
651:
642:
632:
629:
623:
618:, daughter of
592:
589:
544:
541:
490:
487:
449:
442:
439:
421:march of Turin
416:
413:
403:, who married
395:, who married
353:
350:
297:
294:
292:
289:
273:March of Ivrea
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
229:
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224:
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221:
216:
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56:March of Turin
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2:
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1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
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1482:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1461:
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1426:
1420:
1415:
1403:
1398:
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1381:
1377:
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1350:
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1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1284:S. Hellmann,
1283:
1280:
1276:
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1269:
1265:
1262:
1258:
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1249:
1246:
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1217:1-85894-370-1
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1197:H. Bresslau,
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1166:
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1140:
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1120:Chicago, 121.
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1101:
1095:
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1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:Schwennicke,
1077:
1074:
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1064:
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1047:
1044:
1040:
1039:Early History
1034:
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1023:
1018:
1015:
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1010:Early History
1005:
1002:
996:
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988:Early History
983:
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959:
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936:
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919:Early History
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911:
905:
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871:Early History
866:
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858:Early History
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835:
832:
828:
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806:
802:
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793:
789:
788:Early History
783:
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775:
774:
766:
764:
760:
757:, p. 14.
756:
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748:
742:
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621:
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603:Adelaide and
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584:
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1254:Storicamente
1253:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1222:
1208:
1198:
1190:
1168:. Retrieved
1164:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1134:
1125:
1116:
1108:
1103:
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1076:
1068:
1063:
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1033:
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1021:
1017:
1009:
1004:
995:
987:
982:
974:
969:
934:
933:; Hellmann,
926:
918:
913:
887:
883:
873:, pp. 232f;
870:
865:
857:
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843:
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661:Judy Chicago
658:
641:, June 1066.
602:
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552:
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506:Peter Damian
499:
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436:
429:
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370:
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299:
261:
257:
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249:
248:
130:; died 1038)
93:Noble family
18:
1642:1091 deaths
1307:archive.org
1203:archive.org
1145:15 December
977:, pp. 248f.
921:, pp. 237f.
860:, pp. 228f.
346:Ventimiglia
322:Susa Valley
184: 1060
180: 1057
172: 1046
154: 1045
146: 1041
127: 1037
123: 1036
86:(uncertain)
1631:Categories
1436:1034â1091
1380:Q115297411
1331:G. Sergi,
825:Hellmann,
732:0313327076
696:References
647:, married
553:Canisculum
522:Fruttuaria
385:Amadeus II
296:Early life
182: â c.
125: â c.
69:1091-12-19
1682:Aleramici
1647:Babenberg
1396:Arduinici
1012:, p. 250.
937:, pp. 24f
904:0266-3554
755:Boyd 1943
549:Canischio
362:Herman IV
352:Marriages
291:Biography
281:Arduinici
104:Spouse(s)
98:Arduinici
84:Canischio
1522:Adelaide
1376:Wikidata
1368:Adelaide
1326:Segusium
1272:Segusium
990:, p. 162
954:Archived
684:See also
534:simoniac
495:Pinerolo
423:and the
401:Adelaide
275:and the
254:Adelheid
1492:Ancilla
1335:(1995).
1183:Sources
829:, p. 13
803:, p. 81
799:Sergi,
776:. Bell.
559:in the
557:CuorgnĂš
467:Canossa
381:Peter I
342:Bredulo
334:Albenga
326:Auriate
310:Immilla
262:Adeline
258:Adelais
175:; died
167:
149:; died
141:
118:
1442:Otto I
1412:
1378:
1215:
1170:22 May
1141:. 2007
935:Grafen
902:
827:Grafen
729:
655:Legacy
573:walnut
508:, and
399:, and
393:Bertha
387:, and
366:Naples
328:, and
314:Bertha
252:(also
238:Mother
228:Father
78:Buried
1497:Adila
1414:Died:
1402:Born:
1374:: 8.
880:(PDF)
616:Agnes
543:Death
471:Bugey
318:Turin
260:, or
194:Issue
52:Turin
1213:ISBN
1172:2023
1147:2011
900:ISSN
727:ISBN
631:Otto
532:the
524:and
461:and
432:Susa
389:Otto
344:and
338:Alba
330:Asti
312:and
304:and
210:Otto
63:Died
40:Born
1370:".
892:doi
465:at
411:).
324:),
1633::
1405:c.
1242:,â
1163:.
1137:.
1133:.
1089:^
942:^
898:.
888:37
886:.
882:.
762:^
680:.
539:.
504:,
497:.
383:,
368:.
340:,
336:,
287:.
266:c.
264:;
256:,
177:c.
169:c.
165:m.
151:c.
143:c.
139:m.
120:c.
116:m.
54:,
44:c.
1473:e
1466:t
1459:v
1382:.
1174:.
1149:.
964:.
908:.
906:.
894::
735:.
674:.
622:.
579:.
551:(
186:)
162:(
156:)
136:(
113:(
71:)
67:(
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