150:
359:
31:
386:, he became a member of the appointed Landtag of Lower Saxony, which existed from 8 December 1946 to 28 March 1947. When the elections were held, he became a member of the first elected Landtag, later becoming the first Minister of Culture of Lower Saxony. On 15 November 1948 Grimme was named the first General Manager of
449:
was an absolutely normal police organization" and he pointed to "the majority of surviving witnesses... from people, who obsessed over a boundless hate of the
National Socialist state". The ruling was in line with an earlier decision by the U.S. military, which in 1946, investigated the death of Red
331:
was in profound measure fueled by treason and espionage." The report further stated that the military opposition had "assumed... an enormous amount of guilt". Other German men disagreed with Hitler and the war, but nonetheless "did their duty as soldiers and in administration and the economy...
1385:
787:
322:
state's attorney, about the investigation into the complaint filed by Grimme and other surviving Red
Orchestra members came to the conclusion that the Reich court martial trials had been conducted "in accordance with the law"
192:. He was also involved in the free student reform movement. He finished, passing his state exams in philosophy in 1914. In 1922, he became a member of the SPD. He began teaching in 1924. He then became a senior teacher (
780:
643:
1410:
327:) and the defendants correctly sentenced to death. "The basis of the 'Red Orchestra'... was treason. Treason... has ever and in all ages been regarded as the most ignominious crime. ... Also the
773:
1440:
1430:
1405:
141:
and sentenced to prison. After the war, he filed a legal complaint against the judge who had condemned him and others. After years of delays, the case was dropped by the prosecutor.
1415:
149:
371:
425:
training institute in 1964. In 1973, a media institute named after Grimme was founded in Marl, and has given out the Grimme Award since 1977, expanded in 2001 to include
1400:
1390:
658:
417:
Over the decades since his death, Grimme has become a "name without a history". An annual television prize, the most prestigious in
Germany, is named for him, the
232:
1420:
1435:
686:
584:
760:
1380:
118:
1425:
718:
947:
743:
733:
608:
247:. A good defense strategy, which mainly consisted of informing on his fellow Red Orchestra members, enabled him to avoid the
181:
172:, the son of Louise, née Sander (1858–1952) and Adolf Grimme (1854–1906), a train station master. In 1908, he began studying
555:
1122:
1395:
907:
756:
710:
266:
224:
government in
Prussia. He was removed from this position on 20 July 1932 when the state government was deposed in the
138:
130:
516:
485:
847:
387:
375:
189:
236:
1308:
1142:
952:
490:
832:
862:
817:
737:
559:
429:. A biography about Grimme was published in 2008, helping to "return the missing history" to Grimme's name.
213:
1303:
1162:
887:
378:. It existed for just a few months, from 23 August 1946 to 8 December 1946. After the British created the
296:
927:
1203:
1012:
827:
258:
1238:
1233:
1087:
922:
852:
312:
1375:
1370:
1258:
1198:
1147:
1077:
1072:
1042:
987:
857:
842:
837:
812:
765:
217:
185:
79:
1268:
1092:
1032:
1329:
1273:
1193:
1117:
1112:
1102:
892:
300:
299:
for his involvement condemning to death or imprisonment 49 members of the Red
Orchestra, including
292:
271:
244:
1344:
1127:
1097:
1052:
1037:
1288:
1137:
992:
418:
1047:
982:
1067:
1339:
1298:
1157:
917:
714:
682:
580:
304:
208:
Ministry of
Culture, and a year later, the vice president of the provincial school council of
942:
877:
332:
certainly would have rejected with outrage... being placed in the same league with men like
225:
169:
157:
1349:
1228:
1188:
1183:
1057:
932:
882:
612:
451:
379:
337:
221:
122:
67:
1386:
Grand
Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1278:
1213:
1107:
1062:
997:
912:
630:
605:
348:
280:
177:
291:
Although not given to revenge, on 15 September 1945 Grimme filed a complaint with the
1364:
1334:
1293:
1253:
1208:
1178:
1152:
1082:
1027:
1007:
972:
937:
872:
867:
822:
520:
308:
248:
1313:
1263:
1022:
1002:
977:
967:
797:
383:
328:
262:
126:
87:
269:
as author of many fliers then in circulation. Under the Third Reich, the crime of
752:
1283:
1223:
1132:
957:
897:
513:
395:
391:
358:
352:
333:
319:
134:
1218:
902:
341:
173:
153:
117:(31 December 1889 – 27 August 1963) was a German politician, a member of the
1248:
1017:
426:
421:. Known since 2010 as the Grimme Award, it was first awarded by the City of
406:
402:
253:
201:
275:
was punishable by death. Grimme's prison term was spent at the prisons in
30:
197:
494:(in German), vol. 7, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 88–89
446:
367:
240:
205:
45:
276:
209:
165:
235:. In 1942, his house was searched because of his connections to the
454:. It found that the Nazi court's death sentence had been justified.
220:, serving as the last Culture Minister of a democratically elected
707:
Die Rote
Kapelle. „Landesverrat“ als antifaschistischer Widerstand
577:
Das
Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945
357:
251:
facing him and he was sentenced to three years in a labor prison (
697:
422:
769:
121:(SPD). He was Cultural Minister during the later years of the
445:
Lüneburg state's attorney Hans-Jürgen Finck also wrote, "the
746:
The Federal Archives of Germany. Retrieved January 29, 2012
631:"Timeline: Prominent Events In Mildred Fish-Harnack's Story"
537:
Red Orchestra: the Story of the Berlin Underground, chpt. 21
318:
Dated 12 May 1951, the final report by Hans-Jürgen Finck,
265:". The Gestapo failed to uncover his participation in the
1411:
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
1322:
1171:
805:
661:sprueche-und-zitate.com Retrieved January 28, 2012
85:
73:
63:
44:
21:
523:Fernsehmuseum Hamburg. Retrieved January 28, 2012
355:until the end of the 1960s, when it was dropped.
1441:People convicted of treason against Nazi Germany
633:Channel 3000 (2007). Retrieved February 16, 2012
646:Friedenau Netzwerk. Retrieved January 28, 2012
1431:Ministers of the Lower Saxony State Government
1406:Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
366:Grimme was a member of the postwar "appointed
1416:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
781:
681:Cologne, Weimar, Vienna: Böhlau-Verlag 2007 (
200:and in 1925, he became the superintendent in
8:
659:"Adolf Grimme über Christen und Sozialisten"
563:(March 5, 2008). Retrieved January 29, 2012
401:A well-known quote from Adolf Grimme is "A
788:
774:
766:
618:No. 23 (2002). Retrieved January 29, 2012
204:. He became the assistant Minister at the
18:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
351:, was delayed by the state's attorney in
347:The case, also pursued by Weisenborn and
1401:Politicians from the Province of Hanover
600:
598:
596:
156:(left) and Adolf Grimme in front of the
148:
467:
438:
390:. In 1956, he retired to Degerndorf am
1391:Members of the Landtag of Lower Saxony
753:Newspaper clippings about Adolf Grimme
606:"Als hätten sie nie das Recht gebeugt"
579:. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007,
216:. In 1930, he became the successor to
48:Minister of Science, Art and Education
550:
548:
546:
544:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
243:. In 1943, he was brought before the
137:, he was arrested as a member of the
7:
734:Literature by and about Adolf Grimme
409:. A Christian must be a socialist."
713:. ergebnisse.Verlag: Hamburg 1986,
14:
233:Covenant of Religious Socialists
129:, during the early years of the
29:
484:Walther G. Oschilewski (1966),
1436:Education ministers of Prussia
1421:University of Göttingen alumni
679:Adolf Grimme. Eine Biographie.
1:
16:German politician (1889–1963)
644:"Günther und Joy Weisenborn"
514:Adolf Grimme short biography
180:, attending universities in
115:Adolf Berthold Ludwig Grimme
988:Erika Gräfin von Brockdorff
757:20th Century Press Archives
711:Heinrich Scheel (historian)
372:British military government
239:and he was arrested by the
131:Federal Republic of Germany
1457:
806:Harro Schulze-Boysen group
388:Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk
1381:German resistance members
1323:Rudolf von Scheliha group
1123:Wilhelm Schürmann-Horster
108:
104:
93:
52:
40:
28:
1426:ARD (broadcaster) people
491:Neue Deutsche Biographie
833:Mietje Bontjes van Beek
818:Libertas Schulze-Boysen
738:German National Library
556:"Wer war Adolf Grimme?"
394:in the municipality of
231:Grimme belonged to the
119:Social Democratic Party
363:
161:
1304:Hansheinrich Kummerow
1204:Lotte Bergtel-Schleif
1163:Hansheinrich Kummerow
1013:Lotte Bergtel-Schleif
828:Cato Bontjes van Beek
796:People of the German
361:
152:
86:Minister of Culture,
863:Walter Küchenmeister
843:Elisabeth Schumacher
838:Jan Bontjes van Beek
813:Harro Schulze-Boysen
560:Neue Zürcher Zeitung
218:Carl Heinrich Becker
80:Carl Heinrich Becker
1330:Rudolf von Scheliha
1172:Arvid Harnack group
928:Hans Lautenschlager
888:Gisela von Pöllnitz
370:" organized by the
362:Grimme's gravestone
301:Dietrich Bonhoeffer
272:Wehrkraftzersetzung
245:Reich court martial
164:Grimme was born in
1396:People from Goslar
1289:Wilhelm Fellendorf
1138:Wilhelm Fellendorf
993:Cay von Brockdorff
853:Günther Weisenborn
699:1996, p. 128
611:2013-03-30 at the
419:Adolf Grimme Award
364:
313:Günther Weisenborn
257:), condemned for "
162:
1358:
1357:
1340:Rudolf Herrnstadt
1299:Ingeborg Kummerow
1239:Leo Skrzypczynski
1234:Wolfgang Havemann
1199:Bernhard Bästlein
1158:Ingeborg Kummerow
1088:Philipp Schaeffer
923:Hermann Natterodt
918:Herbert Engelsing
687:978-3-412-20025-1
585:978-3-10-039326-5
450:Orchestra member
305:Hans von Dohnanyi
267:German Resistance
259:failure to report
139:German Resistance
112:
111:
1448:
1274:Rose Schlösinger
943:Friedrich Rehmer
893:Oda Schottmüller
878:John Rittmeister
800:resistance group
790:
783:
776:
767:
749:
723:
702:
692:
665:
664:
656:
650:
649:
640:
634:
628:
622:
621:
602:
591:
590:
573:
567:
566:
552:
539:
533:
527:
526:
511:
496:
495:
481:
455:
443:
293:state's attorney
214:Mark Brandenburg
170:Prussian Hanover
158:Prussian Landtag
145:Life before 1945
98:
76:
57:
33:
19:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1350:Heinrich Koenen
1318:
1259:Wolfgang Thiess
1229:Herbert Gollnow
1189:Wilhelm Guddorf
1184:Mildred Harnack
1167:
1148:Albert Hoessler
1078:Marcel Melliand
1073:Krystana Janewa
1058:Walter Husemann
1043:Walter Hoffmann
933:Liane Berkowitz
908:Heinrich Scheel
883:Eva Rittmeister
848:Kurt Schumacher
801:
794:
747:
730:
721:
705:Gert Rosiejka:
700:
695:Barbara Simon:
690:
677:Kai Burkhardt:
674:
672:Further reading
669:
668:
662:
657:
653:
647:
641:
637:
629:
625:
619:
613:Wayback Machine
604:Helmut Kramer,
603:
594:
588:
574:
570:
564:
554:Ulrich Teusch,
553:
542:
534:
530:
524:
512:
499:
486:"Grimme, Adolf"
483:
482:
469:
464:
459:
458:
452:Mildred Harnack
444:
440:
435:
415:
376:occupation zone
344:von Dohnanyi."
289:
147:
123:Weimar Republic
99:
94:
74:
68:Franz von Papen
58:
53:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1454:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1269:Friedrich Lenz
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1214:Greta Kuckhoff
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1108:Edwin Tietjens
1105:
1100:
1095:
1093:Ilse Schaeffer
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1063:Marta Husemann
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1033:Otto Grabowski
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:Eva-Maria Buch
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:Horst Heilmann
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
858:Joy Weisenborn
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
809:
807:
803:
802:
795:
793:
792:
785:
778:
770:
764:
763:
750:
741:
729:
728:External links
726:
725:
724:
709:, foreword by
703:
693:
673:
670:
667:
666:
651:
642:Eva Liebchen,
635:
623:
592:
587:, p. 198
568:
540:
535:Nelson, Anne:
528:
519:2013-01-05 at
497:
466:
465:
463:
460:
457:
456:
437:
436:
434:
431:
414:
411:
349:Greta Kuckhoff
297:Manfred Roeder
288:
285:
261:an attempt at
194:Oberstudienrat
178:German studies
146:
143:
110:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
91:
90:
83:
82:
77:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
50:
49:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1453:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:Eugen Neutert
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:Anton Saefkow
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Adam Kuckhoff
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Hilde Guddorf
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:Arvid Harnack
1177:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1153:Heinz Strelow
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:Frida Wesolek
1116:
1114:
1113:Albert Voigts
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1103:Hans Sussmann
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1083:Helmut Roloff
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1028:Max Grabowski
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:Werner Dissel
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Helmut Himpel
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
953:Werner Krauss
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
938:Ursula Goetze
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
873:John Graudenz
871:
869:
868:Elfriede Paul
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
823:Maria Terwiel
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
804:
799:
791:
786:
784:
779:
777:
772:
771:
768:
762:
758:
754:
751:
745:
742:
739:
735:
732:
731:
727:
720:
719:3-925622-16-0
716:
712:
708:
704:
698:
694:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:
671:
660:
655:
652:
645:
639:
636:
632:
627:
624:
617:
614:
610:
607:
601:
599:
597:
593:
586:
582:
578:
572:
569:
562:
561:
557:
551:
549:
547:
545:
541:
538:
532:
529:
522:
521:archive.today
518:
515:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
498:
493:
492:
487:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
468:
461:
453:
448:
442:
439:
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
412:
410:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
360:
356:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
326:
325:ordnungsgemäß
321:
316:
314:
310:
309:Arvid Harnack
306:
302:
298:
294:
287:After the war
286:
284:
282:
278:
274:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:
250:
249:death penalty
246:
242:
238:
237:Red Orchestra
234:
229:
227:
226:Prussian coup
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
160:, 24 May 1932
159:
155:
151:
144:
142:
140:
136:
133:. During the
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
107:
103:
97:
92:
89:
84:
81:
78:
72:
69:
66:
62:
56:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1345:Kurt Schulze
1314:Martin Weise
1264:Karl Behrens
1244:Adolf Grimme
1243:
1143:Robert Barth
1128:Arnold Bauer
1098:Kurt Schulze
1053:Marie Hübner
1038:Bruno Hempel
1023:Erwin Gehrts
1003:Fritz Cremer
978:Hanna Berger
968:Karl Behrens
963:Adolf Grimme
962:
798:Rote Kapelle
744:Adolf Grimme
706:
696:
678:
654:
638:
626:
615:
576:
575:Ernst Klee:
571:
558:
536:
531:
489:
441:
416:
400:
384:Lower Saxony
380:German state
365:
346:
329:20 July Plot
324:
317:
290:
270:
263:high treason
252:
230:
193:
163:
127:World War II
114:
113:
95:
88:Lower Saxony
54:
35:Adolf Grimme
23:Adolf Grimme
1376:1963 deaths
1371:1889 births
1309:Fritz Lange
1284:Erna Eifler
1279:Beppo Römer
1224:Hilde Coppi
1133:Erna Eifler
958:Anna Krauss
948:Fritz Thiel
898:Hilde Coppi
748:(in German)
722:(in German)
701:(in German)
691:(in German)
663:(in German)
648:(in German)
620:(in German)
589:(in German)
565:(in German)
525:(in German)
396:Brannenburg
281:Fuhlsbüttel
135:Third Reich
75:Preceded by
1365:Categories
1335:Ilse Stöbe
1219:Hans Coppi
1048:Max Hübner
983:Karl Böhme
903:Hans Coppi
462:References
174:philosophy
154:Otto Braun
125:and after
64:Chancellor
1249:John Sieg
1068:Else Imme
1018:Ina Ender
740:catalogue
616:Ossietzky
433:Footnotes
427:new media
407:Christian
405:can be a
403:socialist
374:in their
254:Zuchthaus
202:Magdeburg
190:Göttingen
100:1946–1948
96:In office
59:1930–1932
55:In office
609:Archived
517:Archived
353:Lüneburg
320:Lüneburg
295:against
206:Prussian
198:Hannover
46:Prussian
759:of the
755:in the
736:in the
447:Gestapo
368:Landtag
338:Canaris
241:Gestapo
717:
685:
583:
413:Legacy
277:Luckau
210:Berlin
186:Munich
166:Goslar
342:Oster
222:state
196:) in
182:Halle
715:ISBN
683:ISBN
581:ISBN
423:Marl
334:Beck
311:and
279:and
212:and
188:and
176:and
761:ZBW
392:Inn
382:of
1367::
689:)
595:^
543:^
500:^
488:,
470:^
398:.
340:,
336:,
315:.
307:,
303:,
283:.
228:.
184:,
168:,
789:e
782:t
775:v
323:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.