137:. They are held not to arise from criminal proceedings, as "the purpose ... is to promote honesty and deter gross negligence" and "it is rational that the state would only wish to impose a penalty on those who engage in misconduct knowingly, recklessly, or with a particular intention." They also do not attract a true penal consequence, as "high administrative monetary penalties required to encourage compliance with the administrative regime. The relevant question is not the amount of the penalty in absolute terms, it is whether the amount serves regulatory rather than penal purposes."
24:
imposed by a regulator for a contravention of an Act, regulation or by-law. It is issued upon discovery of an unlawful event, and is due and payable subject only to any rights of review that may be available under the AMP's implementing scheme. It is regulatory in nature, rather than criminal, and is
191:
has requested input into the new system being proposed. In response, some have suggested that, with proper planning, an online system would be more cost-efficient and promote easier access to justice for people in rural areas and for those with language barriers. However, some people fear that a new
499:
52:
imposing an AMP involves a number of steps, for instance, the person may first be given a warning and/or an opportunity to address the statutory decision-maker's concerns (that is, to comply with the scheme);
61:
within those criteria, the person empowered to levy the penalty may be given significant discretion to decide whether to impose an AMP and to determine the appropriate amount of the AMP; and
128:
511:
609:
80:
160:
has recognized that a person can bring forward the "reasonable, prudent and diligent person" defence that exists in civil law against the imposition of AMPs.
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Legislation enabling general schemes of fixed and variable monetary penalties—in addition to other sanctions—has been introduced through Part 3 of the
133:
209:
444:
235:
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has introduced various AMP schemes on a sector-by-sector basis, although some agencies prefer to pursue ticketing schemes for specified
25:
intended to secure compliance with a regulatory scheme, and it can be employed with the use of other administrative sanctions, such as
102:
127:
ruled that AMPs are generally considered to be administrative in nature and thus not subject to the legal protections provided under
64:
the reconsideration or review/appeal of an AMP by the statutory decision-maker and/or an independent, specialized tribunalis allowed.
588:
277:"Exploring an online Administrative Monetary Penalty System for infractions of provincial statutes and municipal by-laws in Ontario"
30:
149:
276:
627:
203:"Administrative Monetary Penalties: A Framework for Earlier and More Effective Regulatory Compliance (A Discussion Paper)"
250:
157:
283:
188:
152:
provided more guidance in its judgment as to when an administrative penalty would be considered disproportionate. The
93:
55:
the decision to impose an AMP is made by a senior official such as a
Director or a person designated by that Director;
646:
226:
521:
153:
124:
183:
is considering creating a new AMP system to address minor offences that are currently prosecuted under its
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58:
the criteria to guide the determination whether to impose and how to set the amount of an AMP is set out;
156:
has given a reasoned evaluation for a monetary penalty that arose from a securities proceeding, and the
469:
369:
228:
Efficacy of
Administrative Monetary Penalties in Compelling Compliance with Federal Agri-Food Statutes
651:
507:
395:
164:
98:
49:
the AMP applies to a narrower segment of the general population (for example, a regulated industry);
500:"Supreme Court of Canada upholds the constitutional validity of administrative monetary penalties"
173:
621:
390:
202:
119:
534:
168:
141:
106:
42:
640:
26:
21:
257:
109:, the challenge process for PCNs can be completed online, via the Internet.
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180:
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system will be cumbersome and will not allow access to justice.
552:
616:. 3 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 October 2017.
488: at par. 52, 55, 110 OR (3d) 492 (29 March 2012)
97:—AMPs known as "penalty charge notices" have replaced
498:
Gagné, Michel; Frémont, Catherine (August 4, 2015).
312:
310:
308:
41:AMPs differ from ordinary fines, such as those for
256:. Law Commission of Ontario. 2011. Archived from
101:where local authorities have adopted schemes of
589:"Online AMP System - A Strong Move for Ontario"
91:—and subsequently expanded under part 6 of the
251:"Modernization of the Provincial Offences Act"
81:Regulatory Enforcement and Sanctions Act 2008
8:
45:, in that, under the relevant legislation:
574:
328:
518:Excavation René St-Pierre Inc. c Québec
304:
134:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
619:
562:
482:Rowan v. Ontario Securities Commission
366:"Environment and Traffic Adjudicators"
352:
340:
7:
210:Attorney General of British Columbia
316:
236:University of Ottawa Faculty of Law
472: at par. 44 (12 June 2013)
103:decriminalised parking enforcement
14:
158:Administrative Tribunal of Quebec
18:Administrative Monetary Penalty
1:
443:Daly, Paul (August 3, 2015).
140:However, normal standards of
453:administrativelawmatters.com
284:Attorney General of Ontario
189:Attorney General of Ontario
94:Traffic Management Act 2004
668:
626:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
504:canadianenergylawblog.com
614:Paralegal Scope Magazine
548:Employment Insurance Act
105:. In some areas such as
610:"Driving Down Business"
185:Provincial Offences Act
154:Ontario Court of Appeal
150:Federal Court of Appeal
125:Supreme Court of Canada
514:on September 10, 2015.
225:Prabhu, Mohan (2011).
144:continue to apply. In
445:"It's Just (a) Fine:
99:fixed penalty notices
89:Road Traffic Act 1991
171:, notably under the
165:Government of Canada
69:AMPs by jurisdiction
565:, pp. 139–140.
355:, pp. 130–132.
31:license suspensions
174:Contraventions Act
647:Judicial remedies
508:McCarthy TĂ©trault
447:Guindon v. Canada
659:
632:
631:
625:
617:
606:
600:
599:
597:
595:
587:Chatten, David.
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
554:
530:
524:
522:2015 QCTAQ 02386
515:
510:. Archived from
495:
489:
479:
473:
466:Canada v Guindon
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457:
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391:Guindon v Canada
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169:summary offences
120:Guindon v Canada
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575:AG Ontario 2015
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535:Aeronautics Act
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329:AG Ontario 2015
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196:Further reading
142:judicial review
115:
76:
71:
43:parking tickets
39:
12:
11:
5:
665:
663:
655:
654:
649:
639:
638:
634:
633:
601:
579:
567:
555:
544:Income Tax Act
532:including the
525:
490:
474:
458:
449:, 2015 SCC 41"
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423:
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357:
345:
333:
321:
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74:United Kingdom
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27:demerit points
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494:
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486:2012 ONCA 208
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354:
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346:
342:
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334:
330:
325:
322:
319:, p. 50.
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263:on 2015-04-07
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34:
32:
28:
23:
22:civil penalty
19:
613:
604:
592:. Retrieved
582:
577:, p. 1.
570:
558:
551:
547:
543:
539:
533:
528:
517:
512:the original
503:
493:
481:
477:
470:2013 FCA 153
465:
461:
452:
446:
438:
430:
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414:
406:
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389:
385:
373:. Retrieved
360:
348:
343:, p. 5.
336:
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288:. Retrieved
265:. Retrieved
258:the original
239:. Retrieved
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214:. Retrieved
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652:Punishments
594:5 September
563:Prabhu 2011
540:Customs Act
396:2015 SCC 41
375:5 September
353:Prabhu 2011
267:5 September
241:5 September
216:5 September
641:Categories
341:AG BC 2008
300:References
87:Under the
550:and the
516:, citing
433:, par. 81
421:, par. 72
409:, par. 62
234:(LL.D.).
622:cite web
317:LCO 2011
290:28 March
484:,
468:,
431:Guindon
419:Guindon
407:Guindon
394:,
181:Ontario
146:Guindon
131:of the
546:, the
542:, the
538:, the
286:. 2015
212:. 2008
187:. The
148:, the
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113:Canada
107:London
37:Nature
280:(PDF)
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596:2015
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