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Realization of these facts led in the 1970s and 1980s to the development of new terms to describe what had previously been (and still were in United
Nations publications) referred to as the 'centrally planned economies'. In the USA in the late 1980s the system was normally referred to as the
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was due to the inherent drawbacks of the system, namely poor planning, low expertise of planners, unreliable supply lines, conflict between planners and producers and the dictatorial chain of command. Gregory writes that "the system was managed by thousands of
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1795:'administrative-command' economy. What was fundamental to this system was not the plan but the role of administrative hierarchies at all levels of decision making; the absence of control over decision making by the population .
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1700:, German science of administration in the 18th and early 19th centuries that aimed at strong management of a centralized economy for mainly the state's benefit, closely associated with the development of bureaucracy.
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characterized by the priority of highly centralized management over planning. Therefore, he writes the correct term would be "centrally managed" rather than "centrally planned" economy.
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1622:. Stalin's formulations of national plans in terms of physical quantity of output was also attributed by Daniels as a source for the stagnant levels of efficiency and quality.
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Already in 1985, John Howard's article "The Soviet Union has an administered, not a planned, economy" argued that the common description of the
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period in the Soviet Union as the title of a section in his 1987 article "From the Point of View of an
Economist" which analyzed the novel of
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Ellman, Michael (2007). "The Rise and Fall of
Socialist Planning". In Estrin, Saul; Kołodko, Grzegorz W.; Uvalić, Milica (eds.).
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period to represent an abrupt break with Lenin's government in terms of economic planning in which a deliberated,
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had been replaced with a hasty version of planning with unrealistic targets, bureaucratic waste,
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Wilhelm, John Howard (1985). "The Soviet Union Has an
Administered, Not a Planned, Economy".
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is misleading. While central planning did play an important role, the Soviet economy was
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Wakefield, Andre (2005-05-01). "Books, Bureaus, and the
Historiography of Cameralism".
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banned in the Soviet Union. It was published in
Russian in 1986 with the beginning of
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1967:
The
Political Economy of Stalinism: Evidence from the Soviet Secret Archives
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The
Political Economy of Stalinism: Evidence from the Soviet Secret Archives
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Centralized economic planning and distribution under state socialism
2839:
The
History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
1994:
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and was widely discussed in the society. The term was picked up by
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988:
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1998:
1878:"Экономика как триллер. О книге Ю.Л. Латыниной «Промзона»"
1898:
The
Splendors and Miseries of the Administrative System
3534:
Crimes against humanity under Marxist–Leninist regimes
1780:
Transition and Beyond: Essays in Honour of Mario Nuti
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3451:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
2045:Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
2010:
1861:"From the Point of View of an Economist" (),
1473:
1241:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
8:
1988:, Chapter 14: "The Soviet Command Economy",
1782:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 22.
1978:The Global Economy and Its Economic Systems
2849:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
2017:
2003:
1995:
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640:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
29:
3411:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
1903:The Splendors and Miseries of Courtesans
1196:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
3544:Criticism of Marxist–Leninist party rule
2254:General Secretary of the Communist Party
1544:and carried out by the governmental and
1536:and distribution of goods, based on the
3436:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
1730:
1686:Блеск и нищета административной системы
1221:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
41:
3514:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
2834:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
2446:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
1302:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
628:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
297:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
2913:Industrialization in the Soviet Union
1918:European Journal of Law and Economics
1832:
1830:
804:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
725:Industrialization in the Soviet Union
660:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung
128:Intensification of the class struggle
7:
3456:Sandinista National Liberation Front
2908:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
1807:Daniels, Robert V. (November 2002).
1649:was introduced by Russian economist
1520:, is the system of management of an
1246:Sandinista National Liberation Front
720:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
3465:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
3416:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2214:Socialist state of the whole people
1810:The End of the Communist Revolution
1201:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3604:State ideology of the Soviet Union
3406:Communist Party of the Philippines
3396:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
1513:Administrativno-komandnaya sistema
1400:State ideology of the Soviet Union
633:The History of the Communist Party
25:
2462:Scientific Outlook on Development
2077:Commanding heights of the economy
1603:of planning that featured former
1559:The term is used to describe the
1502:Административно-командная система
1333:Criticism of communist party rule
665:President Ho Chi Minh's Testament
103:Commanding heights of the economy
3637:
3625:
3441:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
2859:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
2234:Civilian control of the military
2189:People's democratic dictatorship
1447:
1435:
1423:
1226:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
650:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
635:of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
49:
2184:Dictatorship of the proletariat
2159:Theory of the productive forces
219:Theory of the productive forces
3136:People's Republic of Kampuchea
2854:A Critique of Soviet Economics
2209:State of socialist orientation
645:A Critique of Soviet Economics
18:Administrative command economy
1:
2070:Soviet-type economic planning
2040:Administrative-command system
1813:. Routledge. pp. 90–92.
1709:Soviet-type economic planning
1632:Soviet-type economic planning
1588:' in a nested dictatorship".
1518:command-administrative system
1494:administrative-command system
86:Soviet-type economic planning
66:Administrative-command system
3401:Communist Party of Kampuchea
3023:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
2948:Chinese Communist Revolution
2259:Highest organ of state power
2122:Proletarian internationalism
1581:collapse of the Soviet Union
1565:economies of the Soviet Bloc
1191:Communist Party of Kampuchea
834:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
165:Proletarian internationalism
3431:Indochinese Communist Party
3068:Maoist insurgency in Turkey
3063:New People's Army rebellion
2844:Britain's Road to Socialism
2169:Wars of national liberation
1859:Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov
1704:Economy of the Soviet Union
1651:Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov
1567:which closely followed the
1561:economy of the Soviet Union
1528:characterized by the rigid
1512:
1216:Indochinese Communist Party
234:Wars of national liberation
3695:
3679:Former communist economies
3549:Marxist schools of thought
3476:Portuguese Communist Party
3421:Communist Party of Vietnam
2414:Kaysone Phomvihane Thought
1343:Marxist schools of thought
1236:Party of Labour of Albania
1206:Communist Party of Vietnam
3621:
3426:Communist Party of Malaya
3381:Communist Party of Brazil
3078:Internal conflict in Peru
2354:Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism
2264:Leading role of the party
2199:National-democratic state
2194:People's democratic state
1930:10.1007/s10657-005-6640-z
1837:Словарь современных цитат
1757:10.1080/09668138508411571
1501:
3391:Communist Party of India
3361:Albanian Party of Labour
2484:Bill of Rights socialism
2137:Socialism in one country
2107:Marxist–Leninist atheism
1186:Communist Party of India
185:Socialism in one country
140:Marxist–Leninist atheism
3599:State ideology of China
3471:Workers' Party of Korea
3386:Communist Party of Cuba
3376:Chinese Communist Party
3033:Portuguese Colonial War
2829:Foundations of Leninism
2381:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
2092:Dialectical materialism
1972:Paul Roderick Gregory,
1924:(3): 310–312, 318–319.
1552:") in the absence of a
1395:State ideology of China
1321:under communist regimes
1319:Crimes against humanity
1279:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
1251:Workers' Party of Korea
1181:Communist Party of Cuba
1176:Chinese Communist Party
844:Portuguese Colonial War
670:The Governance of China
623:Foundations of Leninism
170:Protracted people's war
118:Dialectical materialism
3321:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2655:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
2565:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
1593:Robert Vincent Daniels
1211:French Communist Party
1121:Bosnia and Herzegovina
430:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
345:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
3564:Post-Marxism–Leninism
3446:Nepal Communist Party
3043:Nicaraguan Revolution
3013:Albanian–Soviet split
2710:Mengistu Haile Mariam
2249:Democratic centralism
2239:Collective leadership
1963:Paul Roderick Gregory
1647:administrative system
1577:Paul Roderick Gregory
1516:), also known as the
1231:Nepal Communist Party
854:Nicaraguan Revolution
490:Mengistu Haile Mariam
108:Democratic centralism
98:Collective leadership
3644:Communism portal
3632:Socialism portal
3131:Democratic Kampuchea
3038:Black Power movement
3003:Non-Aligned Movement
2142:Socialist patriotism
1454:Socialism portal
1430:Communism portal
849:Black power movement
819:Non-Aligned Movement
190:Socialist patriotism
3664:Economic ideologies
3554:National Bolshevism
3088:Revolutions of 1989
3073:Sino-Albanian split
3058:Naxalite insurgency
3048:Cultural Revolution
2928:Great Patriotic War
2780:Nur Muhammad Taraki
2326:Ho Chi Minh Thought
2244:Cult of personality
2082:Developed socialism
1626:History of the term
1571:. In his 2004 book
1542:means of production
1442:Politics portal
1348:National Bolshevism
1338:Cult of personality
874:Revolutions of 1989
869:Naxalite insurgency
859:Cultural Revolution
745:Great Patriotic War
600:Wojciech Jaruzelski
560:Nur Muhammad Taraki
267:Ho Chi Minh Thought
3083:Nepalese Civil War
3028:Great Leap Forward
2790:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
2665:Kaysone Phomvihane
2467:Xi Jinping Thought
2102:Labour aristocracy
879:Nepalese Civil War
839:Great Leap Forward
767:Chinese Revolution
440:Kaysone Phomvihane
155:People's democracy
93:Collective farming
3669:Economic planning
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3650:
3018:Sino-Soviet split
2978:Tito–Stalin split
2923:Spanish Civil War
2864:Guerrilla Warfare
2823:Theoretical works
2755:Władysław Gomułka
2730:Nicolae Ceaușescu
2690:Nikos Zachariadis
2610:Nikita Khrushchev
2585:Palmiro Togliatti
2284:Transmission belt
2229:Central committee
2087:Dialectical logic
1820:978-1-134-92607-7
1789:978-0-230-54697-4
1682:Mikhail Gorbachev
1601:scientific system
1534:economic planning
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829:Sino-Soviet split
735:Spanish Civil War
655:Guerrilla Warfare
617:Theoretical works
535:Władysław Gomułka
515:Nicolae Ceaușescu
465:Nikos Zachariadis
385:Nikita Khrushchev
365:Palmiro Togliatti
135:Labor aristocracy
113:Dialectical logic
16:(Redirected from
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3589:State capitalism
2993:De-Stalinization
2988:Cuban Revolution
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2650:Klement Gottwald
2645:Valko Chervenkov
2630:Lazar Kaganovich
2590:Dolores Ibárruri
2457:Three Represents
2402:Intercommunalism
2222:Political system
2065:Central planning
2060:Anti-revisionism
2050:Anti-imperialism
2026:Marxism–Leninism
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1974:Robert C. Stuart
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809:De-Stalinization
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570:Rohana Wijeweera
425:Klement Gottwald
420:Valko Chervenkov
405:Lazar Kaganovich
81:Central planning
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71:Anti-imperialism
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2675:Leonid Brezhnev
2640:Bolesław Bierut
2635:Georgi Dimitrov
2620:Josip Broz Tito
2615:Walter Ulbricht
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2204:Socialist state
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1957:Further reading
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1546:communist party
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1410:Totalitarianism
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410:Georgi Dimitrov
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390:Walter Ulbricht
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3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3531:
3526:
3519:Anti-communism
3516:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3484:Related topics
3481:
3480:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3157:Czechoslovakia
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2800:Abimael Guzmán
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2765:Thomas Sankara
2762:
2757:
2752:
2750:Erich Honecker
2747:
2745:Maurice Bishop
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2705:Agostinho Neto
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:Khalid Bakdash
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2600:Võ Nguyên Giáp
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2580:Maurice Thorez
2577:
2572:
2570:Ehmetjan Qasim
2567:
2562:
2560:Ernst Thälmann
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2398:
2393:
2391:Prachanda Path
2388:
2383:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2139:
2134:
2132:Social fascism
2129:
2127:Self-criticism
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1970:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1908:
1900:is a pun with
1886:
1869:
1851:
1826:
1819:
1799:
1788:
1770:
1751:(1): 118–130.
1744:Soviet Studies
1729:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1690:
1666:New Assignment
1627:
1624:
1554:market economy
1530:centralization
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1405:Third-Worldism
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1360:
1358:Post-communism
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1307:Anti-communism
1304:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:Related topics
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
965:
964:
959:
952:Czechoslovakia
949:
944:
939:
934:
933:
932:
927:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
795:
794:
789:
784:
779:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
748:
747:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
711:
710:
705:
700:
695:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
630:
625:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
608:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
545:Thomas Sankara
542:
537:
532:
530:Erich Honecker
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
480:Agostinho Neto
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
445:Khalid Bakdash
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
375:Võ Nguyên Giáp
372:
367:
362:
360:Maurice Thorez
357:
352:
350:Ehmetjan Qasim
347:
342:
340:Ernst Thälmann
337:
332:
327:
325:Vladimir Lenin
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
215:
214:
204:
203:
202:
197:
187:
182:
180:Social fascism
177:
175:Self-criticism
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
89:
88:
78:
73:
68:
62:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3691:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3538:Mass killings
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3523:Mass killings
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3355:Organizations
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:Prague Spring
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2760:Samora Machel
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:Deng Xiaoping
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Mátyás Rákosi
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Joseph Stalin
2548:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2408:New Communism
2406:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Khrushchevism
2368:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:Unified power
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Popular front
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1884:, no.4., 2003
1883:
1879:
1876:Олейник А.Н,
1873:
1870:
1867:, no. 4, 1987
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1661:Alexander Bek
1658:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1595:regarded the
1594:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1499:
1495:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1326:Mass killings
1324:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1312:Mass killings
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:Organizations
1157:
1156:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
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864:Prague Spring
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837:
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827:
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605:Todor Zhivkov
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580:Harry Pollitt
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505:Hardial Bains
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455:Deng Xiaoping
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400:Mátyás Rákosi
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287:Khrushchevism
285:
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239:Unified power
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160:Popular front
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36:
32:
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19:
3584:Second World
3461:Shining Path
3291:Turkmenistan
3227:Soviet Union
3172:East Germany
2972:2002–present
2943:Eastern Bloc
2878:Soviet Union
2785:Alfonso Cano
2735:Gustáv Husák
2725:Sanzō Nosaka
2700:Fidel Castro
2605:Earl Browder
2531:Zachariadism
2517:
2510:
2494:Lovestoneism
2359:Kimjongunism
2340:
2178:Class system
2164:Third Period
2055:Anti-fascism
2039:
1977:
1966:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1901:
1897:
1896:: The title
1893:
1889:
1881:
1872:
1862:
1854:
1836:
1809:
1802:
1793:
1779:
1773:
1748:
1742:
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1677:
1664:
1654:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1629:
1590:
1572:
1569:Soviet model
1558:
1550:nomenklatura
1517:
1493:
1491:
1380:Second World
1094:Turkmenistan
1029:Soviet Union
969:East Germany
792:2002–present
762:Eastern Bloc
740:World War II
688:Soviet Union
565:Alfonso Cano
520:Gustáv Husák
510:Sanzō Nosaka
475:Fidel Castro
380:Earl Browder
224:Third Period
65:
3569:Red fascism
3207:North Korea
3102:Afghanistan
3008:Vietnam War
2998:Warsaw Pact
2918:Great Purge
2903:Great Break
2740:János Kádár
2715:Kim Il Sung
2695:Che Guevara
2660:Enver Hoxha
2595:Ho Chi Minh
2536:Brezhnevism
2519:Rankovićism
2294:Vanguardism
2274:Secretariat
2112:Partiinost'
1678:perestroika
1669: [
1656:perestroika
1653:during the
1616:bottlenecks
1363:Red fascism
1024:South Yemen
1004:North Korea
897:Afghanistan
824:Vietnam War
814:Warsaw Pact
730:Great Purge
715:Great Break
585:Harpal Brar
525:János Kádár
495:Kim Il Sung
470:Che Guevara
435:Enver Hoxha
370:Ho Chi Minh
229:Vanguardism
150:Partiinost'
3658:Categories
3500:Trotskyism
3490:Bolshevism
3336:Montenegro
3317:Yugoslavia
3301:Uzbekistan
3286:Tajikistan
3261:Kyrgyzstan
3256:Kazakhstan
3236:Azerbaijan
3202:Mozambique
3096:By country
2983:Korean War
2815:Xi Jinping
2775:Siad Barre
2555:Mao Zedong
2489:Browderism
2424:Pol Potism
2396:Pantherism
1986:1285657373
1882:Mir Rossii
1845:5425049846
1725:References
1698:Cameralism
1608:economists
1591:Historian
1284:Trotskyism
1269:Bolshevism
1136:Montenegro
1116:Yugoslavia
1104:Uzbekistan
1089:Tajikistan
1064:Kyrgyzstan
1059:Kazakhstan
1039:Azerbaijan
999:Mozambique
891:By country
799:Korean War
595:Xi Jinping
555:Siad Barre
485:Lúcio Lara
335:Mao Zedong
3574:Red Scare
3559:New class
3371:Comintern
3331:Macedonia
3271:Lithuania
2967:1989–2002
2962:1976–1989
2957:1949–1976
2897:1982–1991
2892:1964–1982
2887:1953–1964
2882:1927–1953
2720:Chin Peng
2575:José Díaz
2526:Dubčekism
2473:Stalinism
2440:Nkrumaism
2435:Sankarism
2320:Guevarism
2315:Castroism
2269:Politburo
1946:144013696
1938:0929-1261
1645:The term
1620:shortages
1605:Menshevik
1597:Stalinist
1507:romanized
1368:Red Scare
1353:New class
1171:Comintern
1131:Macedonia
1074:Lithuania
921:Cambodia
787:1989–2002
782:1976–1989
777:1949–1976
708:1982–1991
703:1964–1982
698:1953–1964
693:1927–1953
500:Chin Peng
355:José Díaz
302:Stalinism
262:Guevarism
257:Castroism
212:Socialist
3529:Cold War
3508:See also
3495:Leninism
3346:Slovenia
3241:Byelarus
3197:Mongolia
3177:Ethiopia
3166:Slovakia
3127:Cambodia
3122:Bulgaria
2938:Cold War
2805:Gus Hall
2512:Đilasism
2499:Marcyism
2478:American
2419:National
2365:Kadarism
2336:Husakism
2331:Hoxhaism
2303:Variants
2152:Yugoslav
2033:Concepts
1980:, 2013,
1839:, 2020,
1692:See also
1640:de facto
1563:and the
1296:See also
1274:Leninism
1146:Slovenia
1044:Byelarus
994:Mongolia
974:Ethiopia
962:Slovakia
917:Bulgaria
757:Cold War
575:Gus Hall
282:Kádárism
277:Husakism
272:Hoxhaism
251:Variants
200:Yugoslav
60:Concepts
35:a series
33:Part of
3366:Comecon
3326:Croatia
3307:Vietnam
3296:Ukraine
3276:Moldova
3251:Georgia
3246:Estonia
3231:Armenia
3222:Somalia
3217:Romania
3187:Hungary
3182:Grenada
3161:Czechia
3107:Albania
2872:History
2685:Pol Pot
2505:Titoism
2452:Dengism
2429:African
1612:Gosplan
1586:Stalins
1540:of the
1522:economy
1509::
1498:Russian
1166:Comecon
1126:Croatia
1111:Vietnam
1099:Ukraine
1079:Moldova
1054:Georgia
1049:Estonia
1034:Armenia
1019:Somalia
1014:Romania
984:Hungary
979:Grenada
957:Czechia
930:1979–92
925:1975–79
902:Albania
682:History
460:Pol Pot
307:Titoism
3578:Second
3341:Serbia
3281:Russia
3266:Latvia
3212:Poland
3112:Angola
2544:People
2375:Maoism
2349:Songun
2147:Soviet
1990:P. 381
1984:
1969:. 2004
1944:
1936:
1848:p. 821
1843:
1817:
1786:
1765:151614
1763:
1373:Second
1141:Serbia
1084:Russia
1069:Latvia
1009:Poland
907:Angola
319:People
292:Maoism
195:Soviet
3312:Yemen
3147:Congo
3142:China
3117:Benin
2953:China
2342:Juche
2309:Cuban
2279:State
1942:S2CID
1761:JSTOR
1673:]
1526:state
1524:of a
942:Congo
937:China
912:Benin
772:China
207:State
3192:Laos
3152:Cuba
2097:Foco
1982:ISBN
1934:ISSN
1894:Note
1841:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1784:ISBN
1618:and
1492:The
989:Laos
947:Cuba
123:Foco
1926:doi
1753:doi
1634:as
1610:at
1532:of
3660::
1976:,
1965:,
1940:.
1932:.
1922:19
1920:.
1880:,
1829:^
1792:.
1759:.
1749:37
1747:.
1733:^
1688:.
1671:ru
1663:,
1575:,
1556:.
1504:,
1500::
37:on
3580:)
3576:(
3540:)
3536:(
3525:)
3521:(
3467:)
3463:(
3348:)
3319:(
3303:)
3229:(
3168:)
3159:(
3138:)
3129:(
2974:)
2955:(
2899:)
2880:(
2522:)
2509:(
2501:)
2482:(
2469:)
2450:(
2442:)
2433:(
2410:)
2404:)
2400:(
2379:(
2361:)
2347:(
2322:)
2313:(
2018:e
2011:t
2004:v
1948:.
1928::
1906:.
1823:.
1767:.
1755::
1584:'
1496:(
1481:e
1474:t
1467:v
20:)
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