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263:) showed basic advantages of the multi-band representation of speech ("An Approximation to Voice Aperiodicity", IEEE 1968). This work gave a start to development of the "multi-band excitation" method of speech coding, that was patented in 1997 (now expired) by founders of DVSI as "Multi-Band Excitation" (MBE). All consequent improvements known as
438:
416:. Codec2 still continues to evolve, with additional "modes" being developed, refined and made available on a continuous basis. This has resulted in an open source codec that has progressively increased its robustness and performance – when subjected to some of the most challenging RF and acoustic environments.
392:
Use of the AMBE standard requires a license from
Digital Voice Systems, Inc. While a licensing fee is due for most codecs, DVSI does not disclose software licensing terms. Anecdotal evidence suggests that licensing fee begin from between $ 100,000 to $ 1 million. For purposes of comparison,
290:
data, producing a total RF bandwidth of approximately 2,250 Hz (compared to 2,700–3,000 Hz for an analogue single sideband transmission). Lost frames can be masked by using the parameters of the previous frame to fill in the gap.
400:
DSP Innovations Inc. offers a software implementation of APCO P25 Phase 1 (Full-Rate) and Phase 2 (Half-Rate) codecs as well as DMR and dPMR codecs. A technology licence from DVSI is required. The patent for IMBE has expired.
397:
standard started at $ 15,000. For small-scale use and prototyping, the only option is to purchase a dedicated hardware IC from DVSI. These ICs can be purchased for less than $ 100 in small quantities.
436:, John C. Hardwick, "Joint quantization of speech subframe voicing metrics and fundamental frequencies", issued 2001-03-06, assigned to Digital Voice Systems Inc
378:
XTL and XTS series use the earlier IMBE codec. Newer Phase 1 capable radios such as the APX series radios use the AMBE+2 codec, which is backwards compatible with Phase 1.
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of between 2 and 9.6 kbit/s, and at a sampling rate of 8 kHz in 20-ms frames. The audio data is usually combined with up to 7 bit/s of
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is an open source alternative which uses half of the bandwidth of AMBE to encode speech of similar quality, created by David Rowe and lobbied by
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and licensing runs counter to the openness of amateur radio, as well as usage restriction for being "undisclosed digital code" under
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digital voice communications. It has met criticism from the amateur radio community because the nature of its
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Phase 2 trunked radio systems also use the AMBE+2 codec, while older Phase 1 radios such as the
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https://web.archive.org/web/20061017004427/http://www.dvsinc.com/products/software.htm
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454:"The Codec2 Project: Next-Generation Audio Codecs and Vocoders for Two-Way Radio"
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is implemented by Icom in the IDAS system and by
Kenwood as NEXEDGE.
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Set of speech coding standards by
Digital Voice Systems, Inc.
251:
standards developed by
Digital Voice Systems, Inc. (DVSI).
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364:
digital voice and data protocol uses the AMBE+2 codec.
271:(AMBE), AMBE+ and AMBE+2 are based on this MBE method.
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384:(DMR) and Motorola's MOTOTRBO use the AMBE+2 codec.
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148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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8:
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
101:of all important aspects of the article.
425:
97:Please consider expanding the lead to
7:
146:adding citations to reliable sources
2366:Comparison of audio coding formats
343:and similar national legislation.
25:
45:This article has multiple issues.
310:systems and certain channels on
122:
75:
34:
133:needs additional citations for
89:may be too short to adequately
53:or discuss these issues on the
1928:ISO/IEC base media file format
393:licensing fees for use of the
265:Improved Multi-Band Excitation
99:provide an accessible overview
18:Advanced Multi-Band Excitation
1:
269:Advanced Multiband Excitation
247:) is a series of proprietary
353:, also uses AMBE codec with
3264:
2371:Comparison of video codecs
881:(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1)
475:"DVSI Pricing Information"
349:, open specification from
3212:
2384:
288:forward error correction
259:In 1967 Osamu Fujimura (
2195:Alliance for Open Media
157:"Multi-Band Excitation"
1115:MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)
3158:Windows Media Encoder
2868:Windows Media Encoder
2490:GNOME Archive Manager
2133:QuickTime File Format
548:http://www.dspini.com
323:Trunked radio systems
241:Multi-Band Excitation
2578:(decompression only)
2572:(decompression only)
2566:(decompression only)
2522:(decompression only)
2392:Compression software
1949:MPEG media transport
1026:Sorenson Video/Spark
382:Digital Mobile Radio
299:AMBE is used by the
142:improve this article
3248:Satellite telephony
3222:compression formats
3218:compression methods
3128:Schrödinger (Dirac)
2390:for techniques and
2388:Compression methods
884:HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)
308:satellite telephony
3113:Helix DNA Producer
2811:Helix DNA Producer
2794:Fraunhofer FDK AAC
341:FCC rule 97.309(b)
312:XM Satellite Radio
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2091:DivX Media Format
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954:Microsoft Video 1
889:AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)
875:(GB/T 20090.2/16)
501:"Codec 2 samples"
282:that operates at
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16:(Redirected from
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2570:StuffIt Expander
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2433:Data compression
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2165:VOB, IFO and BUP
1939:Motion JPEG 2000
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1636:aptX Low Latency
1413:Chinese Standard
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866:Chinese Standard
638:Motion JPEG 2000
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328:AMBE is used in
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2635:PKZIP/SecureZIP
2615:Archive Utility
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1456:
1428:(GB/T 33475.3)
1422:(GB/T 20090.10)
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1172:MPEG-H 3D Audio
1098:MPEG-1 Layer II
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372:APCO Project 25
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84:This article's
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2901:Monkey's Audio
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2799:Nero AAC Codec
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2576:The Unarchiver
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2376:List of codecs
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2178:Collaborations
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1944:MPEG-21 Part 9
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1933:MPEG-4 Part 14
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1513:Monkey's Audio
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1110:MPEG-1 Layer I
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93:the key points
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1710:CCITT Group 4
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1137:MPEG Surround
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729:
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700:
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696:
695:
692:
688:
687:Part 2 / HEVC
685:
684:
683:
680:
676:
675:Part 33 / IVC
673:
671:
670:Part 10 / AVC
668:
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348:
347:System Fusion
344:
342:
338:
334:
333:amateur radio
331:
326:
324:
321:
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313:
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302:
294:
292:
289:
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277:
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254:
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249:speech coding
246:
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212:
209:
201:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159: –
158:
154:
153:Find sources:
147:
143:
137:
136:
131:This article
129:
125:
120:
119:
110:
100:
94:
92:
87:
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3195:MSU Lossless
3039:Nero Digital
2986:Nero Digital
2500:KGB Archiver
1442:(GB/T 22726)
1103:Multichannel
959:MSU Lossless
873:AVS1 P2/AVS+
827:TrueMotion S
765:H.265 / HEVC
711:Part 1 / EVC
699:Part 3 / VVC
665:Part 2 / ASP
522:. Retrieved
515:Bruce Perens
509:
499:David Rowe.
494:
482:. Retrieved
478:
469:
457:. Retrieved
452:David Rowe.
447:
428:
414:Bruce Perens
408:
405:Alternatives
399:
391:
380:
370:
359:
357:modulation.
345:
327:
316:speech coder
298:
273:
268:
264:
258:
244:
240:
239:
237:
222:
204:
198:January 2011
195:
185:
178:
171:
164:
152:
140:Please help
135:verification
132:
107:January 2011
104:
88:
86:lead section
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2942:compression
2764:compression
2675:compressors
2446:compression
2160:MOD and TOD
2101:Flash Video
2039:3GP and 3G2
1720:HEIC / HEIF
1672:compression
1432:Audio Vivid
1167:MPEG-D USAC
1162:MPEG-4 CELP
1157:MPEG-4 HVXC
1072:compression
904:Apple Video
820:and AOMedia
770:H.266 / VVC
760:H.264 / AVC
602:compression
587:compression
459:16 February
314:and is the
3237:Categories
3216:See also:
3123:libavcodec
2968:MPEG-4 ASP
2948:comparison
2896:libavcodec
2838:libavcodec
2770:comparison
2597:Commercial
2451:comparison
2394:for codecs
2341:Daubechies
2316:Transforms
2218:Arithmetic
1885:Containers
1590:True Audio
1434:(GY/T 363)
1152:MPEG-4 DST
1147:MPEG-4 SLS
1142:MPEG-4 ALS
1016:SheerVideo
990:QuickTime
818:TrueMotion
584:Multimedia
479:dvsinc.com
434:US 6199037
420:References
274:AMBE is a
168:newspapers
50:improve it
3148:libtheora
3049:QuickTime
2911:OptimFROG
2863:libvorbis
2630:MacBinary
2625:BetterZip
2587:ZipGenius
2526:Xarchiver
2442:Archivers
2143:RealMedia
1745:JPEG 2000
1548:RealAudio
1528:OptimFROG
1006:RealVideo
994:Animation
964:OMS Video
591:container
388:Licensing
91:summarize
56:talk page
3190:Lagarith
3172:Lossless
3138:Sorenson
3093:CineForm
3044:OpenH264
3024:Blu-code
2878:Lossless
2858:Musepack
2853:libspeex
2744:For code
2729:XZ Utils
2694:compress
2546:Freeware
2495:Info-ZIP
2480:Expander
2435:software
2262:Lossless
2228:Modified
2121:Matroska
2000:Matroska
1911:MPEG-PES
1523:Musepack
1420:AVS1 P10
999:Graphics
949:Lagarith
519:"Codec2"
376:Motorola
301:Inmarsat
284:bitrates
276:codebook
267:(IMBE),
255:Overview
3185:Huffyuv
3098:Cinepak
3019:CoreAVC
2921:WavPack
2916:Shorten
2848:libopus
2843:libcelt
2833:TooLAME
2682:Generic
2645:StuffIt
2485:FreeArc
2336:Wavelet
2277:DEFLATE
2223:Huffman
2213:Entropy
2205:Methods
2190:MPEG LA
2079:Smacker
1967:H.222.0
1923:MPEG-TS
1918:MPEG-PS
1906:MPEG-ES
1790:TIFF/IT
1785:TIFF/EP
1770:JPEG XT
1765:JPEG XS
1760:JPEG XR
1755:JPEG XL
1750:JPEG-LS
1631:aptX HD
1611:WavPack
1553:RTAudio
1493:Codec 2
1426:AVS2 P3
1353:GSM-EFR
1323:AMR-WB+
1257:G.729.1
1237:G.723.1
1227:G.722.2
1222:G.722.1
1021:Smacker
1011:RTVideo
939:Huffyuv
919:Cinepak
879:AVS2 P2
593:formats
484:8 April
320:OpenSky
305:Iridium
280:vocoder
278:-based
182:scholar
3153:libvpx
3086:Others
3034:FFmpeg
2991:FFmpeg
2906:mp4als
2724:Snappy
2660:WinZip
2655:WinRAR
2650:WinAce
2582:TUGZip
2554:Filzip
2515:PeaZip
2138:RatDVD
2032:Others
1799:Others
1601:VMR-WB
1596:TwinVQ
1461:Others
1348:GSM-FR
1343:GSM-HR
1333:EVRC-B
1318:AMR-WB
1290:Vorbis
1130:AAC-LD
1125:HE-AAC
1031:Theora
974:ProRes
969:Pixlet
897:Others
706:MPEG-5
694:MPEG-I
682:MPEG-H
660:MPEG-4
653:Part 2
648:MPEG-2
643:MPEG-1
440:
410:Codec2
337:patent
330:D-STAR
184:
177:
170:
163:
155:
3118:Indeo
3108:DNxHD
3103:Daala
3011:H.264
2959:Lossy
2940:Video
2821:l3enc
2781:Lossy
2762:Audio
2689:bzip2
2610:ALZip
2564:Lhasa
2531:Zipeg
2470:7-Zip
2359:Lists
2304:ADPCM
2299:µ-law
2294:A-law
2267:Lossy
2240:ACELP
2185:NETVC
2010:SMPTE
1972:T.802
1959:ITU-T
1935:(MP4)
1735:JBIG2
1698:ITU-T
1670:Image
1606:VSELP
1583:SVOPC
1573:Siren
1543:RCELP
1538:QCELP
1483:ATRAC
1468:ACELP
1285:Speex
1252:G.729
1247:G.728
1242:G.726
1232:G.723
1217:G.722
1212:G.719
1207:G.718
1200:µ-law
1195:A-law
1190:G.711
1182:ITU-T
1070:Audio
944:Indeo
924:Daala
780:SMPTE
755:H.263
750:H.262
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3239::
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1083:,
1041:Ut
730:,
628:DV
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