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27:
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Some of the reasons this site remains in existence are, no one from the official ALSA site has ever contributed anything to this site (before the official one existed, this one predates the official wiki by quite a few years), no one has officially or formally suggested a merge, no one else has shown
341:
ALSA has a larger and more complex API than OSS, so it can be more difficult to develop an application that uses ALSA as its sound technology. While ALSA may be configured to provide an OSS emulation layer, such functionality is no longer available or is not installed by default in many Linux
1137:
alsamixergui is a FLTK based frontend for alsamixer. It is written directly on top of the alsamixer source, leaving the original source intact, only adding a couple of ifdefs, and some calls to the gui part, so it provides exactly the same functionality, but with a graphical user interface.
392:
than the interface provided for direct interaction with the kernel drivers. Unlike the kernel API, which tries to reflect the capabilities of the hardware directly, ALSA's user-space library presents an abstraction that remains as standardized as possible across disparate underlying hardware
524:, numbered starting at 0; a subdevice represents some relevant sound endpoint for the device, such as a speaker pair. If the subdevice is not specified, or if subdevice number −1 is specified, then any available subdevice is used.
1359:
any serious interest in helping to merge them, and most importantly there are a significant number of offsite referers and Google hits that come directly to this site because it's been here for so long.
397:; for example, many modern sound cards or built-in sound chips do not have a "master volume" control. Instead, for these devices, the user space library provides a software volume control using the "
280:
Some of the goals of the ALSA project at its inception were automatic configuration of sound-card hardware and graceful handling of multiple sound devices in a system. ALSA is released under
1103:
this page will contain a list of my projects, but i need to clean up some things first. for now, use the following links, or browse the ftp: tapiir, alsamixergui, aconnectgui, polarbear
2645:
605:: often 44.1 kHz on home stereos, or 48 kHz on home theaters, yet up to 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz, or even 192 kHz for hi-fi audio production or reproduction.
401:" plug-in, and ordinary application software need not care whether such a control is implemented by underlying hardware or software emulation of such underlying hardware.
662:
uses a sound system derived from, but not directly compatible with ALSA. The header file and library names are still "asound", same as the ALSA names. ALSA API uses
1934:
331:
sound card. It started in 1998 and was developed separately from the Linux kernel until it was introduced in the 2.5 development series in 2002 (2.5.4–2.5.5).
3153:
2734:
473:, numbered 0 through 7; each card is a physical or logical kernel device capable of input and output. Furthermore, each card may also be addressed by its
3143:
2729:
3158:
3120:
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683:
355:
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Additional to the software framework internal to the Linux kernel, the ALSA project also provides the command-line tools and utilities
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85:
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An application typically describes sound output by combining all of the aforementioned specifications together in a
228:
2992:
2806:
1924:
1852:
1623:
446:), Kmix, XFCE4-mixer, LXpanel, QasHctl, QasMixer, Pavucontrol, AconnectGUI, tapiir, polarbear, ALSAmixerGUI (using
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281:
164:
2997:
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1975:
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interface provides direct access to the kernel device, but no software mixing or stream adaptation support. The
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that must be produced in such a way as to match the characteristics or parameters of the hardware, including:
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2628:
2505:
2044:
1789:
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315:, etc.) work on top of ALSA and its sound card device drivers. ALSA succeeded the older Linux port of the
146:
809:
327:
The project to develop ALSA was led by
Jaroslav Kysela, and was based on the Linux device driver for the
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ALSA was designed with some features which were not, at the time of its conception, supported by OSS:
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26:
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is a description of an ALSA protocol for accessing the card; possible interfaces include:
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for application developers who want to use driver features through an interface that is
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611:: measured in some number of bits per sample (such as 8, 16, 24, or 32 bits/sample)
263:
236:
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The ALSA System on Chip (ASoC) layer aims to provide better support for ALSA on
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53:
41:
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517:; device number 0 is used by default when no particular device is specified.
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type, meaning it outputs sound from the computer, or some other type such as
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338:(OSS), by default (although a backwards-compatibility layer does exist).
304:
466:
This section provides an overview of basic concepts pertaining to ALSA.
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is middleware, a part of the lower levels of the desktop stack. So is
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is composed out of the System Call
Interface of the Linux kernel, the
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is a data flow representing sound; the most common stream format is
1030:"How to Use ALSA Utilities to Manage Linux Audio from the Terminal"
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Various layers within Linux, also showing separation between the
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2019:
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303:(low-latency professional-grade audio editing and mixing) and
209:
1226:"ALSA project - the C library reference: Sequencer interface"
1345:
1328:
183:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1123:. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Archived from
334:
In the 2.6 version, it replaced the previous system,
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2012:
2005:
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1024:
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120:
110:
84:
62:
52:
40:
570:, which has one of the following forms (which are
393:elements. This goal is achieved in part by using
381:Besides the sound device drivers, ALSA bundles a
666:calls in a way not allowed in the QNX kernel.
1853:
1152:"Introduction to Sound Programming with ALSA"
495:, numbered starting at 0; a device may be of
8:
19:
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2874:
2298:
2127:
2120:
2009:
1879:
1860:
1846:
1838:
1638:
1364:
477:, which is an explanatory string such as "
25:
18:
839:
837:
3088:Free and open-source software portal
2646:Earliest eligible virtual deadline first
227:
3112:
1818:
1754:
1725:
1549:
743:
1819:
1270:"Tips And Tricks - Open Sound System"
626:: 1 for mono, 2 for stereo, or 6 for
469:Typically, ALSA supports up to eight
7:
1205:Alsa C library Doxygen documentation
684:Free and open-source software portal
656:version 4 is able to emulate ALSA.
3154:Application programming interfaces
563:interface would produce an error.
438:There also are GUIs programmed by
14:
3144:Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
997:"Category:Alsa-utils - ALSA wiki"
442:, such as GNOME-ALSAmixer (using
268:application programming interface
252:Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
3094:
3093:
3081:
3067:
1935:Supported computer architectures
1288:"Audio Architecture (QNX 6.4.1)"
676:
1965:The Linux Programming Interface
1708:, etc. (about 380 system calls)
584:interface:CARD=1,DEV=3,SUBDEV=2
579:interface:card,device,subdevice
3159:Interfaces of the Linux kernel
1150:Tranter, Jeff (October 2004),
963:"ALSA User Info - AlsaProject"
788:"Main Page News - AlsaProject"
770:, alsa-project.org, 2008-09-29
752:"Jaroslav Kysela - Perex soft"
559:enable sound output where the
291:On Linux, sound servers, like
1:
307:, and higher-level APIs (e.g
1174:Phillips, Dave (June 2005),
3125:Kernel.org git repositories
1274:ossnext.trueinstruments.com
68:; 26 years ago
3180:
2807:High-performance computing
2629:Process and I/O schedulers
1616:targets embedded systems,
3061:
2640:Completely Fair Scheduler
1905:Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate
1755:
1648:
1641:
1557:
1385:
913:"Alsa-project/Alsa-tools"
867:Linux 2.5.5 release notes
707:JACK Audio Connection Kit
373:Multiprocessor-friendly,
106:
80:
24:
2561:Kernel same-page merging
1610:aims to be lightweight,
1176:"A User's Guide to ALSA"
1047:"AlsaMixers - ALSA wiki"
933:"Alsa-tools - ALSA wiki"
91:1.2.12 / 10 June 2024
2904:OS-level virtualization
1782:Linux Network Scheduler
1306:"ALSA and libasound.so"
1138:(Researcher, 1999-2010)
3049:List of Linux adopters
1991:Linux User Group (LUG)
1790:Linux Security Modules
1121:Music Technology Group
440:third-party developers
248:
225:
147:Loadable kernel module
93:; 3 months ago
1751:Networking subsystem
1712:System Call Interface
1626:, etc. All aim to be
364:of multiple channels.
231:
197:
3121:"Admin Guide README"
2635:Brain Fuck Scheduler
1895:Linux Mark Institute
1830:data storage devices
1230:www.alsa-project.org
1083:"maarten's homepage"
142:Audio device drivers
2829:Real-time computing
2101:Linux Standard Base
1374:
21:
2817:Compute Node Linux
2403:C standard library
1756:Other components:
1728:Process scheduling
1714:(SCI), aims to be
1553:C standard library
1365:
1115:Boer, Maarten de.
1081:boer, maarten de.
847:. alsa-project.org
624:number of channels
520:A device may have
260:software framework
249:
226:
42:Original author(s)
16:Software framework
3109:
3108:
3057:
3056:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2602:Network scheduler
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2288:
2287:
2035:Linux kernel oops
2001:
2000:
1981:Linux conferences
1836:
1835:
1740:Memory management
1710:The Linux kernel
1604:aims to be fast,
1417:System components
1382:User applications
1336:Constable, Mark.
692:Open Sound System
654:Open Sound System
458:, and even more.
395:software plug-ins
336:Open Sound System
329:Gravis Ultrasound
317:Open Sound System
286:LGPL-2.1-or-later
266:that provides an
192:
191:
170:LGPL-2.1-or-later
3171:
3129:
3128:
3117:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3074:Linux portal
3072:
3071:
2979:
2875:
2684:Security Modules
2299:
2128:
2121:
2010:
1890:Linux Foundation
1880:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1839:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1622:was written for
1593:... (up to 2000
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1514:Other libraries:
1375:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1348:on 29 March 2002
1344:. Archived from
1332:
1331:
1329:Official website
1314:
1313:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1182:, archived from
1171:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1089:. Archived from
1078:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1053:. Archived from
1051:alsa.opensrc.org
1043:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1007:on 18 March 2008
1003:. Archived from
1001:alsa.opensrc.org
993:
987:
986:
973:
967:
966:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
943:on 18 March 2008
939:. Archived from
937:alsa.opensrc.org
929:
923:
922:
909:
903:
902:
901:
900:
891:, archived from
883:
877:
876:
875:
874:
862:
856:
855:
853:
852:
841:
832:
831:
830:
829:
820:, archived from
814:Analysis Summary
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
784:
778:
777:
776:
775:
762:
756:
755:
748:
686:
681:
680:
679:
665:
644:embedded systems
426:
420:
416:
412:
282:GPL-2.0-or-later
262:and part of the
188:
185:
165:GPL-2.0-or-later
122:Operating system
101:
99:
94:
76:
74:
69:
29:
22:
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3119:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3082:
3080:
3066:
3053:
3037:
2984:
2960:
2944:User-mode Linux
2873:
2778:
2486:
2394:
2387:
2306:
2284:
2221:
2133:
2110:
2087:
2049:
1997:
1949:
1940:Version history
1871:
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1788:
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1498:
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1408:Mozilla Firefox
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1130:
1128:
1114:
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1109:
1096:
1094:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1057:on 4 April 2008
1045:
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1027:
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994:
990:
975:
974:
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956:
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931:
930:
926:
921:. 3 April 2022.
911:
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663:
640:
638:Implementations
615:sample encoding
464:
422:
418:
414:
410:
407:
377:device drivers.
362:Hardware mixing
354:Hardware-based
348:
342:distributions.
325:
235:is part of the
222:freedesktop.org
182:
174:
151:
102:
97:
95:
92:
72:
70:
67:
63:Initial release
47:Jaroslav Kysela
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2879:Virtualization
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2725:Device drivers
2721:
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2715:
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2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:SCHED_DEADLINE
2664:
2662:O(1) scheduler
2659:
2657:O(n) scheduler
2654:
2652:Noop scheduler
2649:
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2508:
2506:Kernel modules
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2260:Memory barrier
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2237:
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1342:AlsaOpensrcOrg
1333:
1322:
1321:External links
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1315:
1297:
1279:
1261:
1251:ALSA SoC Layer
1241:
1217:
1208:, October 2007
1195:
1166:
1142:
1117:"AlsaMixerGui"
1107:
1068:
1035:
1032:. 14 May 2018.
1018:
988:
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954:
924:
904:
878:
857:
845:"Introduction"
833:
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790:. 10 June 2024
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650:(SoC) design.
648:system-on-chip
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572:case-sensitive
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31:Screenshot of
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2:
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1778:device mapper
1775:
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1747:
1746:Virtual files
1744:
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1694:
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1646:
1645:
1637:
1634:-compatible.
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1253:
1252:
1245:
1242:
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1227:
1221:
1218:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1186:on 2012-01-09
1185:
1181:
1180:Linux Journal
1177:
1170:
1167:
1157:
1156:Linux Journal
1153:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1127:on 2009-02-05
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1093:on 2006-09-04
1092:
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1084:
1077:
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1019:
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1002:
998:
992:
989:
985:. 4 May 2022.
984:
983:
978:
972:
969:
964:
958:
955:
942:
938:
934:
928:
925:
920:
919:
914:
908:
905:
895:on 2012-06-05
894:
890:
889:
888:OSS Emulation
882:
879:
869:
868:
861:
858:
846:
840:
838:
834:
824:on 2013-12-20
823:
819:
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651:
649:
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637:
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629:
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622:
620:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
603:sampling rate
601:
600:
599:
597:
593:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
575:
573:
569:
568:device string
564:
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436:
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419:arecord/aplay
404:
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257:
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234:
230:
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207:
206:GNU C Library
203:
202:
196:
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177:
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148:
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119:
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113:
109:
105:
89:
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83:
79:
65:
61:
57:
55:
51:
48:
45:
43:
39:
34:
28:
23:
3124:
3115:
3098:
3079:
3065:
2795:Linux kernel
2713:Tomoyo Linux
2466:
2308:File systems
2234:
1963:
1915:SCO disputes
1876:Organization
1869:Linux kernel
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1757:
1722:-compatible
1644:Linux kernel
1642:
1639:Kernel mode
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1551:
1517:
1513:
1507:AMD Catalyst
1505:
1499:
1494:
1478:
1471:
1451:
1444:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1386:
1381:
1372:kernel space
1357:
1350:. Retrieved
1346:the original
1341:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1258:, 2017-07-13
1250:
1244:
1233:. Retrieved
1229:
1220:
1210:, retrieved
1204:
1198:
1188:, retrieved
1184:the original
1179:
1169:
1159:, retrieved
1155:
1145:
1136:
1129:. Retrieved
1125:the original
1120:
1110:
1102:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1086:
1059:. Retrieved
1055:the original
1050:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:the original
1000:
991:
980:
977:"Alsa-utils"
971:
957:
945:. Retrieved
941:the original
936:
927:
916:
907:
897:, retrieved
893:the original
887:
881:
871:, retrieved
866:
860:
849:. Retrieved
826:, retrieved
822:the original
813:
804:
792:. Retrieved
782:
772:, retrieved
766:
760:
746:
658:
652:
641:
623:
614:
609:sample width
608:
602:
591:
589:
583:
578:
567:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
526:
521:
519:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
490:
482:
478:
474:
470:
468:
465:
437:
408:
405:Applications
390:higher-level
380:
349:
340:
333:
326:
290:
279:
264:Linux kernel
255:
251:
250:
237:Linux kernel
232:
199:
184:alsa-project
98:10 June 2024
54:Developer(s)
2800:Linux-libre
2693:Exec Shield
2572:Framebuffer
2275:Video4Linux
2132:System Call
1960:Developers
1900:Linus's law
1826:main memory
1595:subroutines
1423:init daemon
1392:LibreOffice
1338:"Alsa WIKI"
1310:www.qnx.com
1292:www.qnx.com
646:that use a
491:A card has
452:ZynAddSubFX
375:thread-safe
368:Full-duplex
3138:Categories
2887:Hypervisor
2849:PREEMPT_RT
2754:KernelCare
2742:Raw device
2672:SCHED_FIFO
2582:KMS driver
2499:Components
2354:securityfs
2240:Crypto API
2182:Linux-only
2068:System.map
1971:kernel.org
1930:menuconfig
1925:GNU GPL v2
1820:Hardware (
1748:subsystem
1742:subsystem
1736:subsystem
1730:subsystem
1378:User mode
1256:kernel.org
1235:2019-04-30
1212:2012-01-08
1190:2012-01-08
1161:2012-01-08
1087:iua.upf.es
1061:12 January
1011:12 January
947:12 January
899:2012-07-07
873:2012-01-08
851:2012-01-08
828:2012-01-08
774:2012-01-08
738:References
722:PulseAudio
619:endianness
617:: such as
522:subdevices
383:user-space
370:operation.
358:synthesis.
297:PulseAudio
272:sound card
270:(API) for
241:PulseAudio
111:Written in
3026:LYME-LYCE
2749:initramfs
2718:Linux PAM
2587:Netfilter
2457:libcgroup
2423:libhybris
2395:libraries
2343:hugetlbfs
2294:Userspace
2227:In-kernel
2212:readahead
2134:Interface
2083:initramfs
2040:SystemTap
2013:Debugging
2006:Technical
1945:Criticism
1786:Netfilter
1584:localtime
1490:(Android)
767:Alsa Team
727:Alsamixer
545:plug:dmix
529:interface
527:A card's
514:sequencer
424:alsamixer
313:SDL audio
201:Linux API
58:ALSA team
33:Alsamixer
3100:Category
3042:Adopters
3017:Server:
2998:Embedded
2974:Adoption
2867:PSXLinux
2790:Mainline
2783:Variants
2735:graphics
2688:AppArmor
2677:SCHED_RR
2597:nftables
2541:dm-crypt
2536:dm-cache
2482:liburing
2472:libevdev
2430:dietlibc
2319:configfs
2245:io uring
1832:, etc.)
1807:AppArmor
1495:Graphics
1368:userland
732:PipeWire
670:See also
590:An ALSA
497:playback
462:Concepts
346:Features
305:PipeWire
239:, while
218:libevdev
3033:Devices
2993:Desktop
2954:coLinux
2949:MkLinux
2934:L4Linux
2862:μClinux
2844:Xenomai
2834:RTLinux
2774:Ksplice
2703:SELinux
2698:seccomp
2648:(EEVDF)
2592:Netlink
2521:Console
2516:cgroups
2467:libalsa
2393:Wrapper
2371:systemd
2334:debugfs
2303:Daemons
2265:New API
2207:inotify
2202:dnotify
2106:x32 ABI
2063:vmlinux
2055:Startup
1954:Support
1795:SELinux
1624:Android
1543:GNUstep
1484:Wayland
1453:polkitd
1438:systemd
1400:Blender
1352:18 July
1131:18 July
1097:18 July
794:11 June
664:ioctl()
557:default
541:default
505:control
501:capture
493:devices
479:Headset
456:Yoshimi
431:-based
429:ncurses
411:alsactl
399:softvol
386:library
323:History
319:(OSS).
258:) is a
179:Website
157:License
96: (
71: (
3003:Gaming
2985:of use
2939:ELinOS
2930:Other
2924:OpenVZ
2914:Lguest
2858:-less
2769:kpatch
2764:kGraft
2730:802.11
2526:bcache
2477:libusb
2462:libdrm
2450:Newlib
2435:EGLIBC
2418:Bionic
2413:uClibc
2383:Kmscon
2357:sockfs
2350:procfs
2346:pipefs
2329:devpts
2255:kernfs
2197:splice
2152:select
2124:Kernel
2078:initrd
2073:dracut
2025:ftrace
1987:Users
1920:Linaro
1883:Kernel
1801:TOMOYO
1657:splice
1619:bionic
1613:uClibc
1578:memcpy
1572:malloc
1430:OpenRC
1404:0 A.D.
982:GitHub
918:GitHub
810:"ALSA"
717:LADSPA
632:IEC958
592:stream
553:plughw
547:. The
543:, and
537:plughw
481:" or "
415:amixer
309:OpenAL
214:libdrm
35:1.0.14
2983:Range
2822:SLURM
2759:kexec
2708:Smack
2642:(CFS)
2622:zswap
2563:(KSM)
2556:evdev
2511:BlueZ
2440:klibc
2408:glibc
2366:tmpfs
2361:sysfs
2324:devfs
2315:bpffs
2192:epoll
2187:futex
2167:close
2147:ioctl
2142:POSIX
2030:kdump
1813:Smack
1770:klibc
1766:evdev
1716:POSIX
1699:close
1687:write
1681:ioctl
1628:POSIX
1601:glibc
1566:execv
1560:fopen
1545:, ...
1509:, ...
1465:udevd
1434:runit
1410:, ...
818:Ohloh
511:, or
509:timer
471:cards
427:, an
293:sndio
127:Linux
3021:LAMP
3011:LTSP
2839:RTAI
2617:zram
2612:SLUB
2607:perf
2551:EDAC
2445:musl
2376:udev
2339:FUSE
2235:ALSA
2172:sync
2162:read
2157:open
2116:APIs
2093:ABIs
2020:CRIU
1976:LKML
1758:ALSA
1705:exit
1693:mmap
1675:open
1669:read
1651:stat
1607:musl
1539:FLTK
1535:SFML
1501:Mesa
1461:sshd
1457:smbd
1396:GIMP
1388:bash
1370:and
1354:2021
1133:2021
1099:2021
1063:2022
1013:2022
949:2022
796:2024
712:KMid
702:udev
697:DSSI
628:AC-3
555:and
448:FLTK
421:and
356:MIDI
301:JACK
284:and
256:ALSA
233:ALSA
220:(by
208:(by
198:The
186:.org
134:Type
73:1998
66:1998
20:ALSA
2919:LXC
2897:Xen
2892:KVM
2856:MMU
2812:INK
2577:LVM
2567:LIO
2546:DRM
2280:IIO
2270:RCU
2250:DRM
2045:BPF
1910:Tux
1822:CPU
1774:LVM
1762:DRI
1734:IPC
1720:SUS
1663:dup
1632:SUS
1531:SDL
1527:EFL
1519:GTK
1480:X11
1467:...
1440:...
660:QNX
596:PCM
574:):
488:".
484:ICH
450:),
444:GTK
433:TUI
245:SDL
212:),
210:GNU
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1537:,
1533:,
1529:,
1525:,
1523:Qt
1521:,
1504:,
1486:,
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1459:,
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561:hw
549:hw
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533:hw
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