100:
structure of a
Circassian verb includes affixes (prefixes, suffixes) which are specific to the language. Verbal affixes express meaning of subject, direct or indirect object, adverbial, singular or plural form, negative form, mood, direction, mutuality, compatibility and reflexivity, which, as a result, creates a complex verb, that consists of many morphemes and semantically expresses a sentence. For example: уакъыдэсэгъэгущыӏэжьы "I am forcing you to talk to them again" consists of the following morphemes: у-а-къы-дэ-сэ-гъэ-гущыӏэ-жьы, with the following meanings: "you (у) with them (а) from there (къы) together (дэ) I (сэ) am forcing (гъэ) to speak (гущыӏэн) again (жьы)".
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its own arrangement of prefixes and conjunctions. Circassian is an ergative–absolutive language, which means it is a language in which the subject of intransitive verbs, behave like the object of transitive verbs. This is unlike nominative–accusative languages, such as
English and most other European languages, where the subject of an intransitive verb (e.g. "She" in the sentence "She walks.") behaves grammatically like the agent of a transitive verb (e.g. "She" in the sentence "She finds it.")
5653:
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22:
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In
Circassian, morphology is the most important part of the grammar. A Circassian word, besides that it has its own lexical meaning, sometimes, by the set of morphemes it is built of and by their aggregate grammatical meanings, can reproduce a sentence. For example, a verb by its set of morphemes can
296:
tense are formed by adding -aгъ /-aːʁ/. In intransitive verbs it indicates that the action took place, but with no indication as to the duration, instant nor completeness of the action. In transitive verbs it conveys more specific information with regards to completeness of the action, and therefore
8118:
in the transitive verbs are indicating the direction of the verb. According to the verb's vowels, it can be described if the verb is done toward the indicated direction or off it. Usually high vowels (е /aj/ or э /a/) designates that the verb is done towards the indicated direction while low vowels
2410:
in
Circassian are verbs that have a subject in the absolutive case. The common definition of an intransitive verb is a verb that does not allow an object, and we see this in Indo-European, Turkic and other languages. This is problematic in the Circassian languages, because in Circassian, there is a
2403:
is of major importance in accounting for the contrast between the two cases ergative and absolutive. The division into transitive and intransitive verbs is an important distinction because each group functions a bit differently in some grammatical aspects of the language. Each group for example has
99:
and are conjugated for tense, person, number, etc. Some of
Circassian verbs can be morphologically simple, some of them consist only of one morpheme, like: кӏо "go", штэ "take". However, generally, Circassian verbs are characterized as structurally and semantically difficult entities. Morphological
6288:
9280:
that designates orientation towards the deictic center (origo), in the simplest case towards the speaker. In Adyghe, verbs by default are andative (Indicating motion away from something) while verbs that have къы~ are venitive (Indicating motion to or toward a thing).
7106:
In Adyghe, the positional prefixes are expressing being in different positions and places and can also express the direction of the verb. Here is the positional conjugation of some dynamic verbs, showing how the prefix changes the indicated direction of the verb:
5496:
of the verb by one and forms a transitive, thus bivalent verbs become trivalent. Intransitive bivalent verbs that become trivalent have different conjunction than transitive bivalent verbs that become trivalent, thus we end up with two types of trivalent verbs.
3046:
Dynamic verbs express (process of) actions that are taking place while steady-state verbs express the condition and the state of the subject. For example, in Adyghe, there are two verbs for "standing", one is a dynamic verb and the other is a steady-state verb:
3475:
controlled by a verbal predicate. Verbs in Adyghe can be monovalent (e.g. I am sitting), bivalent (e.g. I am hitting an enemy), trivalent (e.g. I am giving a book to a friend), possibly also quadrivalent (e.g. I am telling the news to someone with my friend).
1002:
The present tense in Adyghe has no additional suffixes, but in dynamic verbs, the pronoun prefix's vowels change form ы to э or е, for instance, сышхыгъ "I ate" becomes сэшхы "I eat" (сы → сэ), ылъэгъугъ "(s)he saw" becomes елъэгъу "(s)he sees" (ы → е).
6828:
The prefix шӏу~ designates action done against somebody's interest or will. The prefix also strongly indicates taking something away from someone by doing the action or taking a certain opportunity away from somebody else by doing the action.
2514:
in
Circassian are verbs that have a subject in the ergative case. Unlike intransitive verbs, transitive verbs always need to have an object. Most transitive verbs have one object, but there are some that have two objects or several.
3479:
For example, the verb макӏо /maːkʷʼa/ "(s)he is going" has one argument, the verb ео /jawa/ "(s)he is hitting it" has two arguments, the verb реӏо /rajʔʷa/ "(s)he is saying it to him/her" has three arguments.
2411:
number of verbs with transitive semantics but morphological features and syntactic behavior according to the intransitive pattern. Thus in
Circassian, intransitive verbs can either have or not have objects.
2640:
will get the absolutive case mark, it is important to notice that the boy's state is not changing, the verb "said" does not express how the boy uttered the sentence (moving lips or tongue; shouting; etc.).
2879:
describes the movement of the hitter (subject) and there is no indication of what happens to the target (object), so the subjects gets the absolutive case because it is the one that changes (by moving).
2885:
describes a person dying (object) by getting killed and there is no indication of how the killer does it, so the object gets the absolutive case because it is the one that changes (by ending).
2625:
will get the absolutive case mark, the verb "stab" does not indicate what happens to the victim (getting hurt; getting killed; etc.), it just expresses the attacker's movement of assault.
8106:
In Adyghe verbs indicate the direction they are directed at. They can indicate the direction from different points of view by adding the fitting prefixes or changing the right vowels.
5992:
prefix to transitive bivalent verbs. There are some exceptional transitive verbs that are trivalent by default without any increasing valency prefixes such as етын "to give".
5500:
To form a trivalent verb one must take a bivalent verb (either intransitive or transitive), add the causative prefix -гъэ /-ʁa/ and the subject's pronoun prefix to the right.
2163:
tense is indicated by adding the suffix ~гъэщт or ~гъагъэщт. This tense indicates action that will be finished or expected to be finished at a certain time in the future.
6348:
Also, due to the interchangeability of nouns and verbs, infinitives can be constructed from nouns, resulting in verbs that describe the state of being the suffixed word.
2716:
expresses the movement of the object that was thrown (motion in air), without indicating the target, so the thing that is being throws (object) gets the absolutive case.
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Past perfect: It indicates that the action took place formerly at some certain time, putting emphasis only on the fact that the action took place (not the duration)
10045:
6727:
The suffix гъэ~ designates causation. It expresses the idea of enforcement or allowance. It can also be described as making the object do something. for example:
1545:
The imperfect tense is formed with the additional suffix ~щтыгъ /~ɕtəʁ/ to the verb. It can have meanings similar to the
English "was walking" or "used to walk".
2710:
expresses the motion the thrower (subject) does to throw something, without indicating what is being thrown, so the thrower (subject) gets the absolutive case.
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A similar expression can be expressed by adding the prefix зэрэ~ /zara~/ and a noun case to the verb, but this behaves differently than the previous one.
2598:
in Adyghe serves to mark the noun that its state changes by the verb (i.e. created, altered, moved or ended), for instance, in the
English sentence "The
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Discontinuous past: It carries an implication that the result of the event described no longer holds. This tense expresses the following meanings:
10288:
1273:
The future tense is normally indicated by the suffix ~(э)щт /~(a)ɕt/ (close to future simple). This tense usually expresses some certainty.
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dynamic: The verb къэтэджын /qatad͡ʒən/ expresses the process of someone moving its body to stand up from a sitting state or a lying state.
2655:
the subject gets the ergative case indicating that the subject causes change to the direct object's state which gets the absolutive case.
6675:
express subject's and object's person, place, time, manner of action, negative, and other types of grammatical categories. Negative form
6904:
This verbal suffix can also be used to designates continuum, meaning, an action that was paused in the past and is being continued.
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In
Circassian, negative form of a word can be expressed with two different morphemes, each being suited for different situations.
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When speaking to someone, the prefix къэ~ /qa~/ can be used to indicate that the verb is directed at him, for example :
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Negative form can also be expressed with the suffix ~эп, which usually goes after the suffixes of time-tenses. For example:
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In transitive verbs the left prefix pronoun is the object while the right prefix pronoun is the subject, for example in
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In Adyghe, most verbal prefixes either express direction (on, under, etc.) or valency increasing (for, with, etc.).
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The verbal suffix ~акӏэ (~aːt͡ʃʼa) expresses the manner in which the verb was done. It turns the verb into a noun.
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The prefix ф~ designates action performed to please somebody, for somebody's sake or in somebody's interests.
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Past perfect 2: It expresses the idea that one action occurred before another action or event in the past.
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verbs, it can also be used to exchange the subject and the object in a sentence, for example :
32:
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10514:
10364:
10327:
10317:
10283:
10189:
10170:
9476:техьэ /tajħa/ "we enter" → тыкъехьэ /təqajħa/ "we enter" (in case the listener is inside the house)
1930:
238:
10302:
10085:
6822:
2400:
639:
160:
9641:сыфэлажьэ /sfaɮaːʑa/ "I am working for him" → къысфэлажьэ /qəsfaɮaːʑa/ "(s)he is working for me"
9635:сыфэлажьэ /sfaɮaːʑa/ "I am working for him" → къысфэлажьэ /qəsfaɮaːʑa/ "(s)he is working for me"
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645:
The tense ~гъагъ /~ʁaːʁ/ can be used for both past perfect (pluperfect) and discontinuous past:
10406:
10255:
10230:
10199:
9638:удашхэ /wədaːʃxa/ "you are eating with him" → къыбдашхэ /qəbdaːʃxa/ "(s)he is eating with you"
9622:
6947:сянэ тиунэ ытхьэкӏэу унэм сыкъихьэжьыгъ - "I came home while my mother was washing the house".
6669:
5941:
5467:
3493:
2621:
s state is changing because he is moving (likely his hands) to stab, so in this case the word
656:
6760:
The prefix д~ designates action performed with somebody else, or stay/sojourn with somebody.
10460:
9632:сыдакӏо /sədaːkʷʼa/ "I am going with him" → къыздакӏо /qəzdaːkʷʼa/ "(s)he is coming with me"
5933:"The teacher (subject) is making the boy (direct object) read the books (indirect object)."
5664:
prefix to intransitive bivalent verbs, increasing their valency and making them transitive.
5471:
5454:
3497:
2396:
6287:
10608:
10557:
10521:
10391:
10050:
7061:
88:
5835:"The boy (subject) is making the girl (direct object) watch the film (indirect object)."
6842:ешхы "(s)he is eating" → шӏуешхы "(s)he is consuming his food or property or resources".
2648:
the subject gets the absolutive case indicating that the subject is changing its state.
10589:
10481:
10465:
10344:
10161:
9647:уеплъы /wajpɬə/ "you are looking at him" → къыоплъы /qəwapɬə/ "(s)he is looking at you"
9644:усэплъы /wsapɬə/ "I am looking at you" → укъысэплъы /wəqəsapɬə/ "you are looking at me"
6859:кӏалэм шӏуешхы пшъашъэм ишхын - "the boy is eating the girl's food (against her will)".
6182:"The boy (subject) is making the girl (direct object) see the film (indirect object)."
2160:
1824:
This suffix can also be used to express an action that someone used to do in the past.
254:
6962:
The verbal suffix ~шъу (~ʃʷə) designates the ability to perform the indicated action.
2636:
s state is changing (created) by being uttered by the boy and coming to existence, so
10709:
10694:
10444:
10428:
10359:
10272:
10179:
6926:
The verbal suffix ~эу (~aw) designates action that takes place during other actions.
128:
46:
5677:кӏалэм регъэджыджэхы /t͡ʃʼaːɮam rajʁad͡ʒəd͡ʒaxə/ the boy is making him roll down it.
108:
Adyghe verbs have several forms to express different tenses, here are some of them:
10676:
10579:
10570:
10542:
10297:
10260:
10211:
10206:
8119:(ы /ə/) designates that the verb is done off the indicated direction. For example:
6784:сэрэ сишырэ тучанэм тызэдакӏо - "me and my brother are going to the shop together".
6740:еджэ "(s)he studies; (s)he reads" → регъаджэ "(s)he teaches; (s)he makes him read".
6279:"The boy (subject) is giving the girl (direct object) the food (indirect object)."
2595:
206:
6340:
Along with roots, verbs already inflected can be conjugated, such as with person:
5738:"I (subject) am making you (direct object) look at the house (indirect object)."
10615:
7536:
6856:сянэ симашинэ къэсшӏодищыгъ - "my mother took my car out (against my interest)".
4933:
The conjugation of the transitive bivalent verb ылъэгъун /əɬaʁʷən/ "to see it":
4210:
The conjugation of the intransitive bivalent verb еплъын /japɬən/ "to look at":
293:
286:
144:
659:, anti resultative (‘cancelled’ result), experiential and irrealis conditional.
10489:
10031:
Circassian double past and its counterparts in other West Caucasian languages
10030:
7008:ештэ "(s)he is taking it" → ештакӏэ "the manner in which (s)he is talking it".
635:
176:
96:
7067:
The imperative mood of the second person singular has no additional affixes:
7002:ехьы "(s)he is carrying it" → ехьакӏэ "the manner in which (s)he carries it".
6085:"I am (subject) making you (direct object) see the house (indirect object)."
6969:етыгъу "(s)he is stealing it" → етыгъушъу "(s)he is capable of stealing it".
6811:кӏалэр пшъашъэм факӏо тучаным - "the boy is going to the shop for the girl".
5989:
5661:
5489:
1539:
222:
7022:кӏалэм иеджакӏэ дэгъоп - "the manner in which the boy studies is not good".
6737:макӏо "(s)he is going" → егъакӏо "(s)he is making him go; (s)he sends him".
7019:пшъашъэм икӏуакӏэ дахэ - "the manner in which the girl goes is beautiful".
6853:мощ итхьэматэ шӏосыукӏыщт - "I will take his leader's life away from him".
6836:етыгъу "(s)he is stealing it" → шӏуетыгъу "(s)he is stealing it from him".
6770:еплъы "(s)he is looking at it" → деплъы "(s)he is looking at it with him".
6008:кӏалэм къыӏепхъуатэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮam qəʔajpχʷaːta/ the boy snatches it from him.
9294:маплъэ /maːpɬa/ (s)he looks (there) → къаплъэ /qaːpɬa/ (s)he looks (here)
6833:ехьы "(s)he is carrying it" → шӏуехьы "(s)he is taking it away from him".
6803:еплъы "(s)he is looking at it" → феплъы "(s)he is looking at it for him".
6764:чӏэс "(s)he is sitting under" → дэчӏэс "(s)he is sitting under with him".
6751:пшъашъэм итхылъ сэ сыригъэджагъ - "the girl allowed me to read her book".
6873:
The verbal suffix ~жь (~ʑ) designates recurrence/repetition of action.
6797:чӏэс "(s)he is sitting under" → фэчӏэс "(s)he is sitting under for him".
2872:
Another example is еон /jawan/ "to hit" and укӏын /wət͡ʃʼən/ "to kill".
52:
for consistent formatting, screen readers, and automated spell checkers.
9291:мачъэ /maːt͡ʂa/ (s)he runs (there) → къачъэ /qaːt͡ʂa/ (s)he runs (here)
7011:ешхы "(s)he is eating" → ешхакӏэ "the manner in which (s)he is eating".
6966:ехьы "(s)he is carrying it" → ехьышъу "(s)he is capable of carries it".
6880:етыгъу "(s)he is stealing it" → етыгъужьы "(s)he is stealing it again".
6839:ештэ "(s)he is taking it" → шӏуештэ "(s)he is taking it away from him".
3051:
steady-state: The verb щыт /ɕət/ expresses someone in a standing state.
2182:еплъ /japɬ/ look at → еплъыгъэщт /japɬəʁaɕt/ (s)he will have looked at.
2176:шӏы /ʃʼə/ do it → ышӏыгъагъэщт /ət͡ʃʼəʁaːʁaɕt/ (s)he will have done it.
1952:еплъ /japɬ/ look at → еплъыщтыгъ /japɬəɕtəʁ/ (s)he would have looked at
7005:макӏо "(s)he is going" → кӏуакӏэ "the manner in which (s)he is going".
6326:
Adyghe infinitives are created by suffixing -н to verbs. For example:
1283:къакӏо /qaːkʷʼa/ (s)he is coming → къэкӏощт /qakʷʼaɕt/ (s)he will come
10044:
Mukhadin Kumakhov & Karina Vamling, Circassian Clause Structure:
9277:
6933:етыгъу "(s)he is stealing it" → етыгъоу "while (s)he is stealing it".
6748:кӏалэм ишы тучаным егъакӏо - "the boy sends his brother to the shop".
5674:кӏалэм регъэплъы /t͡ʃʼaːɮam rajʁapɬə/ the boy is making him watch it.
5671:кӏалэм регъаджэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮam rajʁaːd͡ʒa/ the boy is making him read it.
2173:къакӏу /qaːkʷʼ/ come → къэкӏогъэщт /qakʷʼaʁaɕt/ (s)he will have come.
1943:къакӏу /qaːkʷʼ/ come → къэкӏощтыгъ /qakʷʼaɕtəʁ/ (s)he would have come
1292:еплъы /jajapɬə/ (s)he looks at → еплъыщт /japɬəɕt/ (s)he will look at
95:, the verb is the most inflected part of speech. Verbs are typically
7084:
When addressing to several people, The prefix шъу- /ʃʷə-/ is added:
7039:ештэ "(s)he is taking it" → зэриштэрэ "the way (s)he is talking it".
6972:ештэ "(s)he is taking it" → ештэшъу "(s)he is capable of taking it".
6005:кӏалэм редзы /t͡ʃʼaːɮam rajd͡zə/ the boy is signing it on something.
5949:
The conjugation of the trivalent verb with an intransitive origin:
5945:
The person prefixes of a trivalent verb with an intransitive origin.
5492:
prefix (гъэ~) to bivalent verbs. The causative prefix increases the
7033:ехьы "(s)he is carrying it" → зэрихьрэ "the way (s)he carries it".
6344:ошхэ /waʃxa/ "you are eating" → ушхэн /wəʃxan/ "(for) you (to) eat"
3949:
Bivalent verbs in Adyghe can be either intransitive or transitive.
1955:шхы /ʃxə/ eat it → ышхыщтыгъ /jəʃxəɕtəʁ/ (s)he would have eaten it.
9473:сэплъэ /sapɬa/ "I look" → сыкъаплъэ /səqaːpɬa/ "I look toward you"
7535:
6914:кӏалэр фылымым еплъыжьыгъ - "the boy finished watching the movie".
6291:
The person prefixes of a trivalent verb with an transitive origin.
6286:
5979:
5940:
5651:
5453:
5445:
4731:кӏалэм егъакӏо /t͡ʃʼaːɮam jaʁaːkʷʼa/ the boy is making someone go.
4699:
4691:
4010:
4002:
2185:шхы /ʃxə/ eat it → ышхыгъэщт /jəʃxəʁaɕt/ (s)he will have eaten it.
1564:еплъ /japɬ/ look at → еплъыщтыгъ /japɬəɕtəʁ/ (s)he was looking at.
1555:къакӏу /qaːkʷʼ/ come → къэкӏощтыгъ /qakʷʼaɕtəʁ/ (s)he was coming .
9276:
The Cislocative prefix (marked as къы~ /q~/) is a type of verbal
7053:кӏалэр зэреджэрэр дэгъоп - "the way the boy studies is not good".
6877:ехьы "(s)he is carrying it" → ехьыжьы "(s)he is taking it again".
6694:
Negative form can be expressed with the infix ~мы~. For example:
6295:
The conjugation of the trivalent verb with a transitive origin:
911:
827:
548:
464:
10081:
9629:сыфэд /səfad/ "I am like him" → къысфэд /qəsfad/ "(s)he like me"
9470:сэчъэ /sat͡ʂa/ "I run" → сыкъачъэ /səqaːt͡ʂa/ "I run toward you"
7050:пшъашъэр зэракӏорэр дахэ - "the way the girl goes is beautiful".
1295:ешхы /jaʃxə/ (s)he eats it → ышхыщт /jəʃxəaɕt/ (s)he will eat it
10054:
6930:ехьы "(s)he is carrying it" → ехьэу "while (s)he is taking it".
6883:ештэ "(s)he is taking it" → ештэжьы "(s)he is taking it again".
6814:кӏалэм псы лӏым фехьы - "the boy is bringing water to the man".
4029:
This indicates that the subject is changing by doing the verb.
1696:
7056:унэр тэрэзкӏэ зэрашӏырэр - "the right way to build the house".
6975:ешхы "(s)he is eating" → ешхышъу "(s)he is capable of eating".
6950:сыкӏоу сылъэгъугъ кӏалэр - "while I was going, I saw the boy".
4036:кӏалэр егупшысэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jaɡʷəpʃəsa/ the boy is thinking of.
670:къакӏу /qaːkʷʼ/ come → къэкӏогъагъ /qakʷʼaʁaːʁ/ (s)he had come
297:
they indicate some certainty as to the outcome of the action.
15:
6953:шхын щыӏэу къычӏэкӏыгъ - "it turned out that there was food".
6936:ештэ "(s)he is taking it" → ештэу "while (s)he is taking it".
4718:
This indicates that the subject causes change to the object.
1946:шхэ /ʃxa/ eat! → шхэщтыгъ /maʃxaɕtəʁ/ (s)he would have eaten.
1567:шхы /ʃxə/ eat it → ышхыщтыгъ /jəʃxəɕtəʁ/ (s)he was eating it.
1286:машхэ /maːʃxa/ (s)he is eating → шхэщт /ʃxaɕt/ (s)he will eat
1280:макӏо /maːkʷʼa/ (s)he is going → кӏощт /kʷʼaɕt/ (s)he will go
679:еплъ /japɬ/ look at → еплъыгъагъ /japɬəʁaːʁ/ (s)he had looked
7042:ешхы "(s)he is eating" → зэришхырэ "the way(s)he is eating".
7036:макӏо "(s)he is going" → зэрэкӏорэ "the way (s)he is going".
6917:экзамыным сыфеджэжьыгъ - "I finished studying for the exam".
6817:къэсфэщэф зыгорэ сешъонэу - "buy for me something to drink".
6781:кӏэлэцӏыкӏухэр зэдэджэгух - "the kids are playing together".
5656:
Forming a trivalent verb with an intransitive bivalent verb.
4734:кӏалэм екъутэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮam jaqʷəta/ the boy is destroying the.
2179:ӏо /ʔʷa/ say → ыӏогъэщт /jəʔʷaʁaɕt/ (s)he will have said it.
1940:кӏо /kʷʼa/ go → кӏощтыгъ /makʷʼaɕtəʁ/ (s)he would have gone.
6778:кӏалэр пшъашъэм дэгущыӏэ - "the boy talking with the girl".
6011:уесэубытэ /wajsawbəta/ "I am holding you forcefully in it".
6002:кӏалэм реты /t͡ʃʼaːɮam rajʔʷa/ the boy is giving it to him.
5999:кӏалэм реӏо /t͡ʃʼaːɮam rajʔʷa/ the boy is saying it to him.
3565:кӏалэр мэгущыӏэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maɡʷəɕaːʔa/ the boy is speaking.
2464:
Examples of intransitive verbs that have indirect objects:
2170:кӏо /kʷʼa/ go → кӏогъэщт /makʷʼaʁaɕt/ (s)he will have gone.
9479:тынэсы /tənasən/ "we reach" → тыкъэсы /təqasə/ "we arrive"
7025:унэм ишӏыкӏэ тэрэзыр - "the right way to build the house".
6894:лӏым иӏофы ешӏыжьы - "the old man is doing his job again".
6718:еджэщт "(s)he will read" → еджэщтэп "(s)he will not read".
5984:
Forming a trivalent verb with an transitive bivalent verb.
4051:кӏалэр елӏыкӏы /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jaɬʼət͡ʃʼə/ the boy is dying of.
1949:ӏо /ʔʷa/ say → ыӏощтыгъ /jəʔʷaɕtəʁ/ (s)he would have said.
9297:ехьэ /jaħa/ (s)he goes in → къехьэ /qajħa/ (s)he comes in
9288:макӏо /maːkʷ'a/ (s)he goes → къакӏо /qaːkʷ'a/ (s)he comes
6900:кӏалэр фылымым еплъыжьы - "the boy re-watches the movie".
6886:ешхы "(s)he is eating" → ешхыжьы "(s)he is eating again".
6850:сичӏыгу къэсшӏуахьыгъ - "they took my land away from me".
6767:макӏо "(s)he is going" → дакӏо "(s)he is going with him".
6715:машхэ "(s)he is eating" → машхэрэп "(s)he is not eating".
5488:
Most trivalent verbs in Adyghe are created by adding the
9300:ехьы /jaħə/ (s)he takes to → къехьы /qajħə/ (s)he brings
6800:макӏо "(s)he is going" → факӏо "(s)he is going for him".
4018:
In a sentence with an intransitive bivalent verb :
682:шхы /ʃxə/ eat it → ышхыгъагъ /jəʃxəʁaːʁ/ (s)he had eaten
9303:нэсы /nasən/ (s)he reaches → къэсы /qasə/ (s)he arrives
7724:, showing how the root changes the indicated position:
6983:лӏыжъыр мэчъэшъу - "the old man is capable of running".
6939:ешхы "(s)he is eating" → ешхэу "while (s)he is eating".
4737:кӏалэм еукӏы /t͡ʃʼaːɮam jawt͡ʃʼə/ the boy is killing a.
4725:кӏалэм елъэгъу /t͡ʃʼaːɮam jaɬaʁʷə/ the boy is seeing a.
4048:кӏалэр еупчӏы /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jawt͡ʂʼə/ the boy is asking a.
1558:шхэ /ʃxa/ eat! → шхэщтыгъ /maʃxaɕtəʁ/ (s)he was eating.
1289:еӏо /jaʔʷa/ (s)he says → ыӏощт /jəʔʷaɕt/ (s)he will say
6989:фылымым сеплъышъугъэп - "I could not watch the movie".
6911:лӏым иӏофы ешӏыжьы - "the old man continues his work".
6897:хым сыкӏожьынэу сыфай - "I want to return to the sea".
6704:шъучъый "sleep (pl.)" → шъумычъый "don't sleep (pl.)".
6020:уесэгъэлъэгъу /wesaʁaɬaʁʷə/ "I am making him see you".
5458:
An example how the bivalent лъэгъун becomes trivalent.
4045:кӏалэр еплъы /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːpɬa/ the boy is looking at.
1552:кӏо /kʷʼa/ go → кӏощтыгъ /makʷʼaɕtəʁ/ (s)he was going.
316:еплъ /japɬ/ look at → еплъыгъ /japɬəʁ/ (s)he looked at
307:къакӏу /qaːkʷʼ/ come → къэкӏуагъ /qakʷʼaːʁ/ (s)he came
9467:сэкӏо /sakʷ'a/ "I go" → сыкъакӏо /səqaːkʷ'a/ "I come"
5540:укъысэупчӏы /wqəsawt͡ʂʼə/ "you are asking me" → укъыс
4740:кӏалэм едзы /t͡ʃʼaːɮam jad͡zə/ the boy is throwing a.
3488:
Monovalent verbs can only be intransitive having one
2628:
Another example will be "The boy said the comforting
2414:
Examples of intransitive verbs that have no objects:
1561:ӏо /ʔʷa/ say → ыӏощтыгъ /jəʔʷaɕtəʁ/ (s)he was saying.
777:
You (pl.) had gone (then), You (pl.) had read (then)
673:шхэ /ʃxa/ eat! → шхэгъагъ /maʃxaʁaːʁ/ (s)he had eaten
7721:
4054:кӏалэр ебэу /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jabawə/ the boy is kissing a.
4042:кӏалэр еджэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jad͡ʒa/ the boy is reading a.
3562:кӏалэр маплъэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːpɬa/ the boy is looking.
3556:кӏалэр мачъэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːt͡ʂa/ the boy is running.
10685:
10669:
10631:
10598:
10566:
10530:
10504:
10474:
10453:
10437:
10384:
10271:
10241:
10220:
10160:
10147:
8943:
8680:
8413:
8126:
7726:
7109:
4926:"you" is the object while the right prefix pronoun
4728:кӏалэм ешхы /t͡ʃʼaːɮam jaʃxə/ the boy is eating it.
2518:Examples of transitive verbs with a direct object:
6986:экзамыным сыфеджэшъу - "I can study for the exam".
4007:A sentence that has an intransitive bivalent verb.
3559:кӏалэр машхэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːʃxa/ the boy is eating.
3553:кӏалэр макӏо /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːkʷʼa/ the boy is going.
2089:экзамен зэрэ-ти-ӏэ сы-шӏэ-гъагъэ-мэ с-ф-еджэ-щтыгъ
1933:is indicated by the suffix ~щтыгъ /ɕtəʁ/ as well.
1022:еплъ /japɬ/ look at → еплъы /japɬə/ (s)he looks at
1013:къакӏу /qaːkʷʼ/ come → къакӏо /qakʷʼa/ (s)he comes
676:ӏо /ʔʷa/ say → ыӏогъагъ /jəʔʷaʁaːʁ/ (s)he had said
667:кӏо /kʷʼa/ go → кӏогъагъ /kʷʼaʁaːʁ/ (s)he had gone
6712:кӏуагъ "(s)he went" → кӏуагъэп "(s)he didn't go".
6014:уесэӏуатэ /wajsaʔʷaːta/ "I snitching you to him".
4707:In a sentence with a transitive bivalent verbs:
3568:кӏалэр малӏэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːɬʼa/ the boy is dying.
5589:сэбэукӏы /sabawt͡ʃʼə/ "you are killing me" → сэу
4696:A sentence that has an transitive bivalent verb.
4039:кӏалэр ео /t͡ʃʼaːɮar jawa/ the boy is playing a.
6535:For the future tense, the suffix ~нэу is added.
2571:Examples of transitive verbs with two objects:
2050:You (pl.) would have gone, You would have read
1820:school, but when it started raining I returned"
319:шхы /ʃxə/ eat it → ышхыгъ /jəʃxəʁ/ (s)he ate it
2606:s state is changing (ending) by dying, so the
10066:
8491:to remove an object/participant from a group
7622:"The boy is putting the foods on the table."
5578:осэлъэгъу /wasaɬaʁʷə/ "I am seeing you" → осэ
2610:will get the absolutive case mark in Adyghe.
2280:You (pl.) will have gone, You will have read
2019:(S)he would have gone, (S)he would have read
1662:You (pl.) were going, You (pl.) were reading
1025:шхы /ʃxə/ eat it → ешхы /jəʃxə/ (s)he eats it
8:
9247:without having it dropped off from something
5556:едзы /jad͡zə/ "(s)he is throwing him/it" → е
5529:усэплъы /wsapɬə/ "I am looking at you" → усэ
1813:} but {when it started to rain} {I returned}
8115:
7720:Here is the positional conjugation of some
6734:чъыӏэ "cold" → егъэучъыӏы "(s)he colds it".
4025:The indirect object is in the oblique case.
2249:(S)he will have gone, (S)he will have read
2064:They would have gone, They would have read
791:They had gone (then), They had read (then)
10245:
10157:
10073:
10059:
10051:
6017:уесэты /wajsatə/ "I am giving you to him".
2086:экзамен зэрэтиӏэ сышӏэгъагъэмэ сфеджэщтыгъ
1016:шхэ /ʃxa/ eat! → машхэ /maʃxaʁ/ (s)he eats
530:the foods (and they might still be here)."
313:ӏо /ʔʷa/ say → ыӏуагъ /jəʔʷaːʁ/ (s)he said
304:кӏо /kʷʼa/ go → кӏуагъ /kʷʼaːʁ/ (s)he went
8940:The word тӏэрэн /tʼaran/ "to drop" :
8677:The word плъэн /pɬan/ "to look at" :
8123:The word пкӏэн /pt͡ʃʼan/ "to jump" :
6310:indicates the direct object (absolutive).
5957:indicates the direct object (absolutive).
5518:уеджэ /wajd͡ʒa/ "you are reading it" → уе
2294:They will have gone, They will have read
2005:You would have gone, You would have read
1010:кӏо /kʷʼa/ go → макӏо /makʷʼa/ (s)he goes
732:You had gone (then), You had read (then)
75:Learn how and when to remove this message
6303:indicates the indirect object (oblique).
5988:These verbs can be formed by adding the
5964:indicates the indirect object (oblique).
5600:
5481:The direct object is in absolutive case.
4935:
4714:The direct object is in absolutive case.
4212:
3951:
3571:
3502:
3109:
2695:For example, both the intransitive verb
2657:
2188:
1958:
1570:
1298:
1028:
685:
630:our house (and he might still be here)."
322:
310:шхэ /ʃxa/ eat! → шхагъ /ʃxaːʁ/ (s)he ate
110:
42:Non-English words should be tagged with
10023:
9019:to drop out from an area with some mass
8410:The word дзын /d͡zən/ "to throw" :
6731:фабэ "hot" → егъэфабэ "(s)he heats it".
5507:ео /jawa/ "(s)he is hitting him/it" → е
5484:The indirect object is in oblique case.
2613:An example with an object will be "The
2235:You will have gone, You will have read
2036:We would have gone, We would have read
763:We had gone (then), We had read (then)
746:He had gone (then), He had read (then)
9122:the things that were dropped inside it
8303:you can't jump from the bottom to here
7540:The positional conjugations in Adyghe.
7094:шъутх /ʃʷətx/ "write (said to plural)"
4022:The subject is in the absolutive case.
9757:"We are going with the boy, the girl
8489:to throw an object off from some mass
7242:"(s)he is throwing inside an object"
7091:шъукӏу /ʃʷəkʷʼ/ "go (said to plural)"
7088:шъушт /ʃʷəʃt/ "take (said to plural)"
6358:дахэ "pretty" → дэхэн "to be pretty".
5660:These verbs are formed by adding the
3574:
3112:
2266:We will have gone, We will have read
1991:I would have gone, I would have read
1019:ӏо /ʔʷa/ say → еӏо /jəʔʷa/ (s)he says
718:I had gone (then), I had read (then)
7:
9010:to drop into an area with some mass
7097:шъушх /ʃʷəʃx/ "eat (said to plural)"
5567:ошхы /waʃxə/ "you are eating it" → о
993:our house (and he might have left)."
10002:"Is the boy looking at the girl or
9021:to be dropped from an organization
7237:"(s)he is looking inside an object"
6355:чэщы "night" → чэщын "to be night".
3697:макӏох /maːkʷʼax/ - they are going
3213:шъущыс /ʃʷəɕəs/ – you are sitting.
2699:/jaʁʷəjən/ and the transitive verb
2221:I will have gone, I will have read
2150:that girl if she was our villager."
1676:They were going, They were reading
1631:(S)he was going, (S)he was reading
171:(s)he went (but not there anymore)
8480:to throw an object into some mass
7512:"(s)he is throwing at one's face"
7386:"(s)he is throwing within inside"
7155:"(s)he is throwing at that place"
5618:Transitive with intransitive root
3229:щысых /ɕəsəx/ – they are sitting.
2617:is stabbing its victim", here the
233:(s)he was going; (s)he used to go
14:
9751:(s)he is coming with you (plural)
8921:(s)he is looking from behind them
8466:to throw an object off somewhere
7227:"(s)he is throwing at some area"
6317:indicates the subject (ergative).
5971:indicates the subject (ergative).
4214:Conjution of еплъын (to look at)
3677:шъокӏо /ʃʷakʷʼa/ - you are going
3642:макӏо /maːkʷʼa/ - (s)he is going
3097:ар илъ - "(s)he is lying inside".
3071:ащ еукӏы - "(s)he is killing it".
2094:exam {that we have} {if I knew} {
1787:, ау къызещхым къэ-з-гъэзэ-жь-ыгъ
1617:You were going, You were reading
1390:You (pl.) will go, You will read
9259:without having it fall off of it
8457:to throw an object on something
7507:"(s)he is glaring at one's face"
7458:"(s)he is throwing at the head"
7381:"(s)he is looking within inside"
7350:"(s)he is throwing in front of"
7150:"(s)he is looking at that place"
5503:Examples of intransitive verbs:
5478:The subject is in ergative case.
5450:A sentence with three arguments.
4711:The subject is in ergative case.
3197:тыщыс /təɕəs/ – we are sitting.
3164:ущыс /wəɕəs/ – you are sitting.
3081:Examples of steady state verbs:
3068:ар еджэ - "(s)he is reading it".
3065:ар мэчъые - "(s)he is sleeping".
20:
8116:positional conjugation prefixes
7530:"(s)he is throwing at a mouth"
7296:"(s)he is hanging by throwing"
7291:"(s)he is searching by looking"
7222:"(s)he is looking at some area"
6352:фабэ "hot" → фэбэн "to be hot".
5648:Intransitive verbs to trivalent
4937:Conjution of ылъэгъун (to see)
3088:ар тет- "(s)he is standing on".
1648:We were going, We were reading
8996:to drop off from on something
7476:"(s)he is throwing pass over"
7453:"(s)he is looking at the head"
7368:"(s)he is throwing backwards"
7345:"(s)he is looking in front of"
6261:(s)he is giving it to him/her
5552:Examples of transitive verbs:
5462:Trivalent verbs require three
3661:тэкӏо /takʷʼa/ - we are going
3626:окӏо /wakʷʼa/ - you are going
3178:щыс /ɕəs/ – (s)he is sitting.
3148:сыщыс /səɕəs/ – I am sitting.
3091:ар цӏыф - "(s)he is a person".
2375:night.ERG boy.ABS {my house} {
1:
7525:"(s)he is looking at a mouth"
6701:шхы "go" → умышх "don't eat".
6698:кӏо "go" → умыкӏу "don't go".
5976:Transitive verbs to trivalent
5911:(s)he is making him read them
5817:(s)he is making him watch it
4922:go", the left prefix pronoun
3074:ащ елъэгъу - "(s)he sees it".
2395:In Circassian the verb being
2143:} {if (s)he was our villager}
1780:, ау къызещхым къэзгъэзэжьыгъ
1404:They will go, They will read
93:Northwest Caucasian languages
8668:the apples from the foods."
7471:"(s)he is looking pass over"
7363:"(s)he is looking backwards"
7209:"(s)he is throwing through"
7134:
7129:
6642:you (plural) (to) eat (adv.)
3610:сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ - I am going
3085:ар щыс - "(s)he is sitting".
3062:ар макӏо - "(s)he is going".
8202:to jump off from some mass
8179:to jump off from somewhere
7494:"(s)he is throwing beyond"
7422:"(s)he is throwing toward"
7314:"(s)he is throwing behind"
7278:"(s)he is throwing inside"
7260:"(s)he is throwing around"
6164:(s)he is showing it to him
5724:I am making you look at it
5582:гъэлъэгъу /wasazaʁaɬaʁʷə/ "
5544:гъэупчӏы /wqəsajʁawt͡ʂʼə/ "
5537:making myself look at you".
4475:{Y'all look at yourselves}
3999:Intransitive bivalent verbs
3058:Examples of dynamic verbs:
2590:егъэлъэгъун "to show it to"
2103:I would have studied for it
2096:I would have studied for it
2081:I would have studied for it
1603:I was going, I was reading
1345:You will go, You will read
982:{the boy.ABS} {our house} {
619:{the boy.ABS} {our house} {
279:(s)he just (recently) went
139:(s)he is going; (s)he goes
40:. The specific problem is:
10737:
9044:to drop outside something
8758:to look through something
8225:to jump outside something
7712:this word with a pencil."
7332:"(s)he is throwing aside"
7204:"(s)he is looking through"
7191:"(s)he is throwing under"
6667:
4529:{They look at themselves}
3936:at our house's direction"
2507:ехъонын "to curse someone"
2274:шъукӏогъэщт, шъуеджэгъэщт
2101:"If I knew we had an exam
2044:шъукӏощтыгъ, шъуеджэщтыгъ
1656:шъукӏощтыгъ, шъуеджэщтыгъ
771:шъукӏогъагъ, шъуеджэгъагъ
414:You (pl.) went, You read
36:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
10248:
10092:
10001:
9875:
9756:
9608:
9532:
9446:
9356:
9252:
9136:
9035:to drop inside something
8952:
8949:
8946:
8926:
8850:
8689:
8686:
8683:
8663:
8583:
8578:I am throwing them off it
8422:
8419:
8416:
8392:
8308:
8216:to jump inside something
8135:
8132:
8129:
8088:
8012:
7886:
7883:
7880:
7877:
7830:
7827:
7824:
7821:
7808:
7805:
7802:
7799:
7707:
7621:
7489:"(s)he is looking beyond"
7440:"(s)he is throwing pass"
7417:"(s)he is looking toward"
7404:"(s)he is throwing near"
7309:"(s)he is looking behind"
7273:"(s)he is looking inside"
7255:"(s)he is looking around"
7216:
7122:
7117:
7112:
6650:
6588:
6517:
6504:
6418:
6409:
6278:
6265:
6181:
6168:
6084:
6071:
5932:
5919:
5834:
5821:
5737:
5728:
5593:гъэукӏы /sawajʁawt͡ʃʼə/ "
5564:making him throw him/it".
5428:
5339:
4944:
4941:
4894:
4807:
4688:Transitive bivalent verbs
4674:
4598:
4221:
4218:
4197:
4121:
3931:
3842:
3768:
3646:
3595:
3582:
3579:
3450:
3374:
3298:
3182:
3133:
3120:
3117:
3106:ащ икӏас - "(s)he likes".
3077:ащ еӏо - "(s)he says it".
3042:Stative and dynamic verbs
3028:
2952:
2859:
2783:
2703:/d͡zən/ mean "to throw".
2561:убытын "to catch; to hug"
2504:дэгущыӏэн "to speak with"
2291:kʷʼaɕtəʁax, jad͡ʒaʁaɕtax
2277:ʃʷkʷʼaʁaɕt, ʃʷajd͡ʒaʁaɕt
2253:
2208:
2119:if (s)he was our villager
2061:kʷʼaɕtəʁax, jad͡ʒaɕtəʁax
2047:ʃʷkʷʼaɕtəʁ, ʃʷajd͡ʒaɕtəʁ
2023:
1978:
1673:kʷʼaɕtəʁax, jad͡ʒaɕtəʁax
1659:ʃʷkʷʼaɕtəʁ, ʃʷajd͡ʒaɕtəʁ
1635:
1590:
1376:We will go, We will read
1363:
1359:He will go, He will read
1318:
1093:
1048:
884:I had brought them (then)
852:I had brought them (then)
788:kʷʼaʁaːʁax, jad͡ʒaʁaːʁax
774:ʃʷkʷʼaʁaːʁ, ʃʷajd͡ʒaʁaːʁ
750:
705:
387:
342:
9997:is (s)he looking at it?
8387:Let me jump down from it
8262:у-къы-чӏы-пкӏы-шъу-щт-эп
7327:"(s)he is looking aside"
7196:Through/Within some mass
7186:"(s)he is looking under"
5474:and an indirect object:
5424:using a question (ins.)
4899:the boy go to the shop"
3094:ар щыӏ - "(s)he exists".
2457:лъэӏон "to prey; to beg"
2288:кӏощтыгъэх, еджэгъэщтэх
2263:tɘkʷʼaʁaɕt, tajd͡ʒaʁaɕt
2218:sɘkʷʼaʁaɕt, sajd͡ʒaʁaɕt
2058:кӏощтыгъэх, еджэщтыгъэх
2033:təkʷʼaɕtəʁ, tajd͡ʒaɕtəʁ
1988:səkʷʼaɕtəʁ, sajd͡ʒaɕtəʁ
1670:кӏощтыгъэх, еджэщтыгъэх
1645:təkʷʼaɕtəʁ, tajd͡ʒaɕtəʁ
1600:səkʷʼaɕtəʁ, sajd͡ʒaɕtəʁ
785:кӏогъагъэх, еджэгъагъэх
760:təkʷʼaʁaːʁ, tajd͡ʒaʁaːʁ
715:səkʷʼaʁaːʁ, sajd͡ʒaʁaːʁ
9985:is (s)he looking at it?
9613:the rock towards you."
9239:to drop it on something
8845:I am looking through it
8747:to look into some mass
8193:to jump into some mass
7435:"(s)he is looking pass"
7399:"(s)he is looking near"
7173:"(s)he is throwing at"
6067:I am showing it to you
5731:I am making you look at
5586:making myself see you".
5522:гъаджэ /wajsaʁaːd͡ʒa/ "
5515:making him hit him/it".
5216:{Y'all see yourselves}
4431:{We look at ourselves}
4333:{You look at yourself}
3445:(s)he is sitting inside
3100:ар фай - "(s)he wants".
2632:to the girl", here the
2564:штэн "to lift; to take"
2558:гурыӏон "to understand"
2260:тыкӏогъэщт, теджэгъэщт
2232:wkʷʼaʁaɕt, wajd͡ʒaʁaɕt
2215:сыкӏогъэщт, седжэгъэщт
2030:тыкӏощтыгъ, теджэщтыгъ
2002:wkʷʼaɕtəʁ, wajd͡ʒaɕtəʁ
1985:сыкӏощтыгъ, седжэщтыгъ
1756:when it started to rain
1642:тыкӏощтыгъ, теджэщтыгъ
1614:wkʷʼaɕtəʁ, wajd͡ʒaɕtəʁ
1597:сыкӏощтыгъ, седжэщтыгъ
1331:I will go, I will read
1120:You (pl.) go, You read
757:тыкӏогъагъ, теджэгъагъ
729:wkʷʼaʁaːʁ, wajd͡ʒaʁaːʁ
712:сыкӏогъагъ, седжэгъагъ
276:кӏогъакӏ /kʷʼaʁaːt͡ʃʼ/
9257:the ball on the roof,
8929:is looking from behind
8756:to look from some mass
8733:to look off something
8345:у-къы-те-мы-пкӏ-агъ-эу
7943:кӏоцӏылъ (kʷʼat͡sʼəɬ)
7541:
7102:Positional conjugation
6651:"the person told you,
6292:
5985:
5946:
5657:
5533:гъэплъы /wsazaʁapɬə/ "
5459:
5451:
5270:{They see themselves}
4889:(s)he is making him go
4704:
4697:
4515:{They look at y'all}
4387:{He looks at himself}
4015:
4008:
2460:тхъэжьын "to be happy"
2454:сымэджэн "to get sick"
2386:to my house by night".
2367:чэщы-м кӏалэ-р си-унэ
2341:the book by tomorrow".
2229:укӏогъэщт, уеджэгъэщт
1999:укӏощтыгъ, уеджэщтыгъ
1611:укӏощтыгъ, уеджэщтыгъ
726:укӏогъагъ, уеджэгъагъ
428:They went, They read
262:кӏуагъэщт /kʷʼaːʁaɕt/
249:(s)he would have gone
9599:your direction (ins.)
9131:drop them out from it
8987:to drop on something
8724:to look on something
8382:before you jump on it
8350:сы-къы-те-гъэ-пкӏы-жь
8285:wqət͡ʂʼəpt͡ʃʼəʃʷəɕtap
8170:to jump on something
7698:using a pencil (ins.)
7539:
7168:"(s)he is looking on"
6646:he told you (plural)
6290:
5983:
5944:
5655:
5560:гъэдзы /jabaʁad͡zə/ "
5457:
5449:
5433:the boy a question."
4703:
4695:
4468:{Y'all look at them}
4014:
4006:
2555:тхьалэн "to strangle"
2552:щэн "to lead someone"
2246:kʷʼaʁaɕt, jad͡ʒaʁaɕt
2141:I could have found it
2132:къэ-с-гъоты-шъу-щтыгъ
2016:kʷʼaɕtəʁ, jad͡ʒaɕtəʁ
1628:kʷʼaɕtəʁ, jad͡ʒaɕtəʁ
1401:kʷʼaɕtəx, jad͡ʒaɕtəx
1387:ʃʷkʷʼaɕt, ʃʷajd͡ʒaɕt
743:kʷʼaʁaːʁ, jad͡ʒaʁaːʁ
425:kʷʼaːʁax, jad͡ʒaːʁax
411:ʃʷkʷʼaːʁ, ʃʷajd͡ʒaːʁ
408:шъукӏуагъ, шъуеджагъ
265:(s)he will have gone
9194:къы-те-мы-тӏэр-жь-эу
8853:I am looking through
8311:You can't jump up to
7940:кӏоцӏыc (kʷʼat͡sʼəs)
7937:кӏоцӏыт (kʷʼat͡sʼət)
7934:кӏоцӏы~ (kʷʼat͡sʼə~)
6511:you have to be a boy
5597:making you kill me".
5571:гъэшхы /wasaʁaʃxə/ "
5526:making you read it".
4930:"I" is the subject.
4522:{They look at them}
4494:{They look at you}
4452:{Y'all look at him}
4373:{He looks at y'all}
3293:(s)he is laying near
3103:ащ иӏ - "(s)he has".
2587:тедзэн "to throw at"
2377:(s)he will have came
2356:(s)he will have came
2243:кӏогъэщт, еджэгъэщт
2134:ти-чылэдэс-гъагъэ-мэ
2013:кӏощтыгъ, еджэщтыгъ
1625:кӏощтыгъ, еджэщтыгъ
1384:шъукӏощт, шъуеджэщт
1373:təkʷʼaɕt, tajd͡ʒaɕt
1328:səkʷʼaɕt, sajd͡ʒaɕt
740:кӏогъагъ, еджэгъагъ
397:təkʷʼaːʁ, tajd͡ʒaːʁ
369:You went, You read
352:səkʷʼaːʁ, sajd͡ʒaːʁ
246:кӏощтыгъ /kʷʼaɕtəʁ/
230:кӏощтыгъ /kʷʼaɕtəʁ/
184:кӏогъагъ /kʷʼaʁaːʁ/
168:кӏогъагъ /kʷʼaʁaːʁ/
57:improve this article
9143:were dropped inside
9085:къ-и-гъэ-тӏэр-жьы-х
8658:remove it from them
5575:making you eat it".
5548:making you ask me".
5420:I am asking him/her
5170:{We see ourselves}
5072:{You see yourself}
4938:
4669:(s)he is hitting me
4601:I am looking at you
4593:I am looking at you
4501:{They look at him}
4459:{Y'all look at us}
4443:{Y'all look at me}
4417:{We look at y'all}
4380:{He looks at them}
4326:{You look at them}
4289:{I look at myself}
4215:
3369:(s)he is sitting on
2486:ешъутырын "to kick"
2474:елъэӏун "to beg to"
2471:еплъын "to look at"
2361:чэщым кӏалэр сиунэ
2332:I will have read it
1931:Conditional perfect
1925:Conditional perfect
1342:wkʷʼaɕt, wajd͡ʒaɕt
1134:They go, They read
422:кӏуагъэх, еджагъэх
366:wkʷʼaːʁ, wajd͡ʒaːʁ
239:Conditional perfect
192:Categorical Future
9876:"Am I like him or
9271:Cislocative prefix
8917:the grasses (erg.)
8399:let me jump off it
8395:Before you jump on
8363:wqətajməpt͡ʃʼaːʁaw
8246:укъычӏыпкӏышъущтэп
7746:Body position/Pose
7722:steady-state verbs
7616:(s)he puts them on
7542:
7142:Body position/Pose
6336:гущыӏэн "to talk".
6293:
6043:къыо-сэ-гъэ-лъэгъу
5986:
5947:
5881:[t͡ʃʼaɮajaʁaːd͡ʒar
5658:
5511:гъао /jabaʁaːwa/ "
5460:
5452:
5126:{He sees himself}
4936:
4705:
4698:
4508:{They look at us}
4487:{They look at me}
4424:{We look at them}
4359:{He looks at him}
4352:{He looks at you}
4310:{You look at him}
4275:{I look at y'all}
4213:
4185:the old man (abs.)
4016:
4009:
2646:intransitive verbs
2567:екъутэн "to break"
2489:еӏункӏын "to push"
2408:Intransitive verbs
2148:I could have found
1764:къэ-з-гъэзэ-жь-ыгъ
1398:кӏощтых, еджэщтых
1131:maːkʷʼax, jad͡ʒax
1117:ʃʷakʷʼa, ʃʷajd͡ʒa
1089:He goes, He reads
865:къэ-с-хьы-гъагъэ-х
840:къэ-с-хьы-гъагъэ-х
640:Discontinuous past
400:We went, We read
394:тыкӏуагъ, теджагъ
383:He went, He read
349:сыкӏуагъ, седжагъ
273:~гъакӏ /~ʁaːt͡ʃʼ/
161:Discontinuous past
152:кӏуагъэ /kʷʼaːʁa/
10716:Verbs by language
10703:
10702:
10654:godan and ichidan
10647:Kagoshima dialect
10500:
10499:
10380:
10379:
10086:world's languages
10014:
10013:
9884:
9883:
9870:is (s)he like me?
9765:
9764:
9741:we are going with
9617:
9616:
9541:
9540:
9459:
9458:
9365:
9364:
9265:
9264:
9149:
9148:
9048:
9047:
8935:
8934:
8859:
8858:
8785:
8784:
8672:
8671:
8651:the apples (erg.)
8596:
8595:
8592:the house roof."
8571:house roof (erg.)
8518:
8517:
8514:to throw outside
8405:
8404:
8317:
8316:
8296:house roof (erg.)
8229:
8228:
8097:
8096:
8021:
8020:
7947:
7946:
7836:Inside an object
7814:Within some mass
7716:
7715:
7626:
7625:
7534:
7533:
7077:тхы /txə/ "write"
6670:Adyghe morphology
6659:
6658:
6638:the person (erg.)
6597:
6596:
6530:
6529:
6524:you must be a boy
6427:
6426:
6333:чъыен "to sleep".
6283:
6282:
6186:
6185:
6089:
6088:
5937:
5936:
5839:
5838:
5742:
5741:
5645:
5644:
5437:
5436:
5348:
5347:
5342:You are seeing me
5334:you are seeing me
5274:
5273:
5256:{They see y'all}
4903:
4902:
4816:
4815:
4799:(s)he is eating a
4683:
4682:
4607:
4606:
4533:
4532:
4408:{We look at him}
4401:{We look at you}
4366:{He looks at us}
4345:{He looks at me}
4317:{You look at us}
4301:{You look at me}
4282:{I look at them}
4206:
4205:
4130:
4129:
3996:
3995:
3940:
3939:
3851:
3850:
3777:
3776:
3701:
3700:
3547:
3546:
3471:is the number of
3459:
3458:
3453:is sitting inside
3383:
3382:
3307:
3306:
3233:
3232:
3037:
3036:
2961:
2960:
2868:
2867:
2854:(s)he throwing it
2792:
2791:
2778:(s)he is throwing
2693:
2692:
2584:етын "to give to"
2549:гъэшхэн "to feed"
2492:ецэкъэн "to bite"
2451:стын "to burn up"
2445:хъонэн "to curse"
2298:
2297:
2127:тичылэдэсгъагъэмэ
2125:къэзгъотышъущтыгъ
2068:
2067:
1680:
1679:
1408:
1407:
1370:тыкӏощт, теджэщт
1356:kʷʼaɕt, jad͡ʒaɕt
1325:сыкӏощт, седжэщт
1138:
1137:
1075:You go, You read
795:
794:
432:
431:
380:kʷʼaːʁ, jad͡ʒaːʁ
363:укӏуагъ, уеджагъ
283:
282:
85:
84:
77:
38:quality standards
29:This article may
10728:
10670:Other East Asian
10246:
10158:
10075:
10068:
10061:
10052:
10033:
10028:
9974:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9890:
9889:
9849:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9771:
9770:
9730:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9653:
9652:
9591:
9583:
9578:
9547:
9546:
9518:
9510:
9485:
9484:
9441:I will look here
9426:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9371:
9370:
9342:
9334:
9309:
9308:
9227:
9219:
9214:
9207:
9202:
9155:
9154:
9113:
9105:
9100:
9093:
9052:
9051:
8944:
8909:
8901:
8896:
8865:
8864:
8833:
8825:
8820:
8789:
8788:
8781:to look outside
8681:
8654:the foods (erg.)
8646:
8638:
8633:
8602:
8601:
8566:
8558:
8553:
8522:
8521:
8505:to throw inside
8414:
8373:
8370:səqətajʁapt͡ʃʼəʑ
8365:
8358:
8335:сыкъытегъэпкӏыжь
8330:укъытемыпкӏагъэу
8323:
8322:
8288:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8233:
8232:
8127:
8071:
8063:
8058:
8027:
8026:
7995:
7987:
7982:
7951:
7950:
7819:Within some area
7727:
7687:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7632:
7631:
7601:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7546:
7545:
7232:Inside an object
7214:Within some area
7110:
7071:штэ /ʃta/ "take"
6633:
6628:
6621:
6603:
6602:
6571:
6566:
6559:
6541:
6540:
6488:(to) you come in
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6433:
6432:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6364:
6363:
6316:
6309:
6302:
6247:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6192:
6191:
6150:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6095:
6094:
6059:
6051:
6026:
6025:
5995:Examples :
5970:
5963:
5956:
5899:
5894:
5887:
5882:
5845:
5844:
5803:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5748:
5747:
5716:
5708:
5683:
5682:
5667:Examples :
5638:Absolutive (-r)
5624:Absolutive (-r)
5613:Indirect object
5601:
5596:
5592:
5585:
5581:
5574:
5570:
5563:
5559:
5547:
5543:
5536:
5532:
5525:
5521:
5514:
5510:
5408:
5403:
5396:
5391:
5354:
5353:
5322:
5314:
5309:
5301:сы-къэ-бэ-лъэгъу
5278:
5277:
5263:{They see them}
5214:Зкъэшъолъэгъужьы
5209:{Y'allsee them}
5191:{Y'all see him}
5112:{He sees y'all}
4939:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4822:
4821:
4790:
4782:
4775:
4746:
4745:
4721:Examples :
4657:
4649:
4644:
4613:
4612:
4581:
4573:
4568:
4537:
4536:
4266:{I look at him}
4259:{I look at you}
4216:
4180:
4172:
4167:
4136:
4135:
4104:
4096:
4091:
4060:
4059:
4032:Examples :
3989:Absolutive (-r)
3972:Absolutive (-r)
3964:Indirect object
3952:
3920:(s)he is looking
3911:
3906:
3901:
3894:
3857:
3856:
3825:
3817:
3812:
3783:
3782:
3751:
3743:
3736:
3705:
3704:
3694:
3690:
3674:
3658:
3639:
3623:
3607:
3572:
3549:Examples :
3523:Absolutive (-r)
3515:Indirect object
3503:
3492:, an absolutive
3484:Monovalent verbs
3433:
3425:
3420:
3389:
3388:
3357:
3349:
3344:
3313:
3312:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3237:
3236:
3226:
3210:
3194:
3161:
3145:
3110:
3023:(s)he is killing
3011:
3003:
2998:
2967:
2966:
2947:(s)he is hitting
2935:
2927:
2922:
2891:
2890:
2842:
2834:
2829:
2798:
2797:
2766:
2758:
2753:
2722:
2721:
2689:Absolutive (-r)
2675:Absolutive (-r)
2658:
2653:transitive verbs
2546:шӏыжьын "to fix"
2534:лъэгъун "to see"
2528:ӏыгъэн "to hold"
2525:шхын "to eat it"
2512:Transitive verbs
2498:ешъон "to drink"
2495:еупчӏын "to ask"
2448:хъун "to happen"
2436:чъыен "to sleep"
2427:гущыӏн "to talk"
2339:I will have read
2189:
2166:Examples :
1959:
1936:Examples :
1906:
1901:
1898:
1875:
1853:
1837:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1769:
1753:
1737:
1719:
1698:
1692:
1571:
1548:Examples :
1520:
1515:
1498:
1481:
1456:
1451:
1434:
1417:
1339:укӏощт, уеджэщт
1299:
1276:Examples :
1250:
1245:
1228:
1211:
1186:
1181:
1164:
1147:
1114:шъокӏо, шъуеджэ
1103:takʷʼa, tajd͡ʒa
1086:maːkʷʼa, jad͡ʒa
1072:wakʷʼa, wajd͡ʒa
1058:sakʷʼa, sajd͡ʒa
1029:
1006:Examples :
979:
974:
971:
948:
926:
913:
907:
879:
874:
871:
848:
829:
823:
807:
686:
663:Examples :
616:
611:
608:
585:
563:
550:
544:
516:
511:
508:
485:
466:
460:
444:
355:I went, I read
323:
300:Examples :
187:(s)he had gone"
136:макӏо /maːkʷʼa/
111:
80:
73:
69:
66:
60:
51:
45:
24:
23:
16:
10736:
10735:
10731:
10730:
10729:
10727:
10726:
10725:
10721:Adyghe language
10706:
10705:
10704:
10699:
10681:
10665:
10659:irregular verbs
10627:
10621:deficient verbs
10594:
10568:
10562:
10526:
10496:
10470:
10449:
10433:
10376:
10289:auxiliary verbs
10267:
10237:
10216:
10164:
10149:
10143:
10088:
10079:
10041:
10036:
10029:
10025:
10021:
9761:you (plural)."
9603:I will throw it
9537:to your house"
9274:
9173:къытемытӏэржьэу
9141:the rocks that
9077:и-тӏэр-агъ-хэ-р
9020:
8931:the grasses ."
8772:to look inside
8757:
8545:къы-те-сэ-дзы-х
8490:
8114:In Adyghe, the
8112:
8110:Towards and off
8104:
8083:standing around
7792:чӏэлъ (ʈ͡ʂʼaɬ)
7529:
7524:
7511:
7506:
7493:
7488:
7487:шъхьапырыплъы
7481:Over and beyond
7475:
7470:
7457:
7452:
7445:Toward the head
7439:
7434:
7421:
7416:
7403:
7398:
7385:
7380:
7367:
7362:
7349:
7344:
7331:
7326:
7313:
7308:
7295:
7290:
7283:Hanged/Attached
7277:
7272:
7259:
7254:
7241:
7236:
7226:
7221:
7208:
7203:
7190:
7185:
7172:
7167:
7154:
7149:
7104:
7080:шхэ /ʃxa/ "eat"
7074:кӏо /kʷʼa/ "go"
7065:
7062:Imperative mood
6996:
6960:
6924:
6871:
6866:
6826:
6791:
6758:
6725:
6689:
6681:
6672:
6666:
6653:to eat (plural)
6580:I (to) tell you
6496:you (to) be boy
6397:the girl (abs.)
6324:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6033:къыосэгъэлъэгъу
5978:
5968:
5961:
5954:
5700:у-е-сэ-гъэ-плъы
5650:
5594:
5590:
5583:
5579:
5572:
5568:
5561:
5557:
5545:
5541:
5534:
5530:
5523:
5519:
5512:
5508:
5444:
5442:Trivalent verbs
5269:
5267:
5262:
5260:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5246:
5242:{They see him}
5241:
5239:
5235:{They see you}
5234:
5232:
5227:
5225:
5215:
5213:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5197:
5195:
5190:
5188:
5182:{Y'all see me}
5181:
5179:
5169:
5168:Зкъэтэлъэгъужьы
5167:
5162:
5160:
5156:{We see y'all}
5155:
5153:
5146:
5144:
5139:
5137:
5125:
5123:
5119:{He sees them}
5118:
5116:
5111:
5109:
5104:
5102:
5097:
5095:
5090:
5088:
5083:
5081:
5071:
5070:Зкъэбэлъэгъужьы
5069:
5067:
5065:
5061:{You see them}
5060:
5058:
5056:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5012:{I see myself}
5011:
5010:Зкъэсэлъэгъужьы
5009:
5004:
5002:
4997:
4995:
4988:
4986:
4981:
4979:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4690:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4505:
4500:
4498:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4484:
4474:
4473:Шъукъызэплъыжьы
4472:
4467:
4465:
4458:
4456:
4451:
4449:
4442:
4440:
4430:
4428:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4407:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4386:
4384:
4379:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4365:
4363:
4358:
4356:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4332:
4330:
4325:
4323:
4316:
4314:
4309:
4307:
4300:
4298:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4265:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4116:(s)he playing a
4001:
3947:
3916:the girl (abs.)
3837:(s)he is coming
3576:
3486:
3466:
3114:
3044:
2602:is dying", the
2596:absolutive case
2578:ӏотэн "to tell"
2537:хьын "to carry"
2531:дзын "to throw"
2522:укӏын "to kill"
2477:еджэн "to read"
2468:ебэун "to kiss"
2442:пкӏэн "to jump"
2430:тхэн "to write"
2393:
2388:
2359:
2343:
2312:
2157:
2152:
2139:that girl.ABS {
2121:
2107:
2084:
1927:
1922:
1918:I used to smoke
1911:I used to smoke
1882:
1879:I used to smoke
1858:
1842:
1822:
1774:
1758:
1742:
1726:
1700:
1543:
1540:Imperfect tense
1536:
1505:
1486:
1472:
1441:
1422:
1271:
1266:
1235:
1216:
1202:
1171:
1152:
1106:We go, We read
1000:
995:
963:Кӏалэ-р ти-унэ
955:
931:
915:
895:
855:
831:
812:
643:
632:
600:Кӏалэ-р ти-унэ
592:
568:
552:
532:
502:къэ-с-хьы-гъэ-х
492:
477:къэ-с-хьы-гъэ-х
468:
449:
377:кӏуагъ, еджагъ
290:
259:~гъэщт /~ʁaɕt/
214:кӏощт /kʷʼaɕt/
181:~гъагъ /~ʁaːʁ/
165:~гъагъ /~ʁaːʁ/
106:
81:
70:
64:
61:
54:
49:
43:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
10734:
10732:
10724:
10723:
10718:
10708:
10707:
10701:
10700:
10698:
10697:
10691:
10689:
10683:
10682:
10680:
10679:
10673:
10671:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10663:
10662:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10650:
10649:
10635:
10633:
10629:
10628:
10626:
10625:
10624:
10623:
10613:
10612:
10611:
10602:
10600:
10596:
10595:
10593:
10592:
10587:
10582:
10576:
10574:
10564:
10563:
10561:
10560:
10555:
10554:
10553:
10545:
10540:
10534:
10532:
10531:Other European
10528:
10527:
10525:
10524:
10519:
10518:
10517:
10508:
10506:
10502:
10501:
10498:
10497:
10495:
10494:
10493:
10492:
10484:
10478:
10476:
10472:
10471:
10469:
10468:
10463:
10457:
10455:
10451:
10450:
10448:
10447:
10441:
10439:
10435:
10434:
10432:
10431:
10426:
10425:
10424:
10416:
10415:
10414:
10409:
10401:
10400:
10399:
10388:
10386:
10382:
10381:
10378:
10377:
10375:
10374:
10373:
10372:
10367:
10357:
10356:
10355:
10347:
10342:
10341:
10340:
10332:
10331:
10330:
10322:
10321:
10320:
10312:
10311:
10310:
10305:
10295:
10294:
10293:
10292:
10291:
10277:
10275:
10269:
10268:
10266:
10265:
10264:
10263:
10258:
10249:
10243:
10239:
10238:
10236:
10235:
10234:
10233:
10224:
10222:
10218:
10217:
10215:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10203:
10202:
10194:
10193:
10192:
10187:
10176:
10174:
10155:
10152:proto-language
10145:
10144:
10142:
10141:
10140:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10104:
10099:
10093:
10090:
10089:
10080:
10078:
10077:
10070:
10063:
10055:
10049:
10048:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10034:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10016:
10015:
10012:
10011:
9999:
9998:
9995:
9992:
9989:
9986:
9983:
9980:
9976:
9975:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9942:
9936:
9935:
9932:
9929:
9926:
9923:
9920:
9917:
9913:
9912:
9909:
9906:
9903:
9900:
9897:
9894:
9886:
9885:
9882:
9881:
9873:
9872:
9867:
9864:
9861:
9860:am I like him?
9858:
9855:
9851:
9850:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9816:
9815:
9810:
9807:
9804:
9801:
9798:
9794:
9793:
9787:
9784:
9781:
9778:
9775:
9767:
9766:
9763:
9762:
9759:is coming with
9754:
9753:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9739:
9736:
9732:
9731:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9697:
9696:
9694:къы-шъу-да-кӏо
9691:
9688:
9685:
9682:
9679:
9675:
9674:
9669:
9666:
9663:
9660:
9657:
9649:
9648:
9645:
9642:
9639:
9636:
9633:
9630:
9619:
9618:
9615:
9614:
9606:
9605:
9600:
9597:
9593:
9592:
9584:
9579:
9573:
9572:
9567:
9564:
9560:
9559:
9554:
9551:
9543:
9542:
9539:
9538:
9530:
9529:
9524:
9520:
9519:
9511:
9505:
9504:
9499:
9495:
9494:
9489:
9481:
9480:
9477:
9474:
9471:
9468:
9461:
9460:
9457:
9456:
9453:will look here
9444:
9443:
9438:
9435:
9432:
9428:
9427:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9403:
9402:
9400:сы-къэ-плъы-щт
9397:
9394:
9391:
9387:
9386:
9381:
9378:
9375:
9367:
9366:
9363:
9362:
9354:
9353:
9348:
9344:
9343:
9335:
9329:
9328:
9323:
9319:
9318:
9313:
9305:
9304:
9301:
9298:
9295:
9292:
9289:
9273:
9268:
9267:
9266:
9263:
9262:
9250:
9249:
9244:
9241:
9236:
9233:
9229:
9228:
9224:qətaimətʼarʑaw
9220:
9215:
9208:
9203:
9197:
9196:
9191:
9188:
9186:те-гъэ-тӏэрэ-н
9183:
9180:
9176:
9175:
9170:
9167:
9162:
9159:
9151:
9150:
9147:
9146:
9134:
9133:
9128:
9125:
9119:
9115:
9114:
9106:
9101:
9094:
9088:
9087:
9082:
9079:
9074:
9070:
9069:
9067:къигъэтӏэржьых
9064:
9061:
9056:
9046:
9045:
9042:
9039:
9036:
9033:
9030:
9027:
9023:
9022:
9017:
9014:
9011:
9008:
9005:
9002:
8998:
8997:
8994:
8991:
8988:
8985:
8982:
8979:
8975:
8974:
8971:
8968:
8965:
8962:
8959:
8955:
8954:
8951:
8948:
8942:
8941:
8937:
8936:
8933:
8932:
8924:
8923:
8918:
8915:
8911:
8910:
8902:
8897:
8891:
8890:
8885:
8882:
8878:
8877:
8872:
8869:
8861:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8848:
8847:
8842:
8839:
8835:
8834:
8826:
8821:
8815:
8814:
8812:сы-къы-хэ-плъы
8809:
8806:
8802:
8801:
8796:
8793:
8783:
8782:
8779:
8776:
8773:
8770:
8767:
8764:
8760:
8759:
8754:
8751:
8748:
8745:
8742:
8739:
8735:
8734:
8731:
8728:
8725:
8722:
8719:
8716:
8712:
8711:
8708:
8705:
8702:
8699:
8696:
8692:
8691:
8688:
8685:
8679:
8678:
8674:
8673:
8670:
8669:
8661:
8660:
8655:
8652:
8648:
8647:
8639:
8634:
8628:
8627:
8622:
8619:
8615:
8614:
8609:
8606:
8598:
8597:
8594:
8593:
8581:
8580:
8575:
8572:
8568:
8567:
8559:
8554:
8548:
8547:
8542:
8539:
8535:
8534:
8529:
8526:
8516:
8515:
8512:
8509:
8506:
8503:
8500:
8497:
8493:
8492:
8487:
8484:
8481:
8478:
8475:
8472:
8468:
8467:
8464:
8461:
8458:
8455:
8452:
8449:
8445:
8444:
8441:
8438:
8435:
8432:
8429:
8425:
8424:
8421:
8418:
8412:
8411:
8407:
8406:
8403:
8402:
8390:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8375:
8374:
8366:
8359:
8353:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8338:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8319:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8306:
8305:
8300:
8297:
8294:
8290:
8289:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8265:
8264:
8259:
8256:
8253:
8249:
8248:
8243:
8240:
8237:
8227:
8226:
8223:
8220:
8217:
8214:
8211:
8208:
8204:
8203:
8200:
8197:
8194:
8191:
8188:
8185:
8181:
8180:
8177:
8174:
8171:
8168:
8165:
8162:
8158:
8157:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8145:
8142:
8138:
8137:
8134:
8131:
8125:
8124:
8111:
8108:
8103:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8095:
8094:
8089:"The boys are
8086:
8085:
8080:
8077:
8073:
8072:
8064:
8059:
8053:
8052:
8047:
8044:
8040:
8039:
8034:
8031:
8023:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8010:
8009:
8004:
8001:
7997:
7996:
7988:
7983:
7977:
7976:
7971:
7968:
7964:
7963:
7958:
7955:
7945:
7944:
7941:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7928:
7927:
7924:
7921:
7918:
7915:
7911:
7910:
7907:
7904:
7901:
7898:
7894:
7893:
7889:
7888:
7885:
7882:
7879:
7876:
7872:
7871:
7868:
7865:
7862:
7859:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7848:
7845:
7842:
7838:
7837:
7833:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7823:
7820:
7816:
7815:
7811:
7810:
7807:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7794:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7781:
7777:
7776:
7773:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7760:
7759:
7756:
7753:
7750:
7747:
7743:
7742:
7739:
7736:
7733:
7730:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7713:
7705:
7704:
7699:
7696:
7693:
7689:
7688:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7664:
7663:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7628:
7627:
7624:
7623:
7619:
7618:
7613:
7610:
7607:
7603:
7602:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7578:
7577:
7572:
7569:
7566:
7562:
7561:
7556:
7553:
7550:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7518:
7514:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7500:
7496:
7495:
7492:шъхьапыредзы
7490:
7485:
7482:
7478:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7464:
7460:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7446:
7442:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7428:
7424:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7410:
7406:
7405:
7400:
7397:кӏэлъырыплъэ
7395:
7392:
7388:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7374:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7356:
7352:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7338:
7334:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7320:
7316:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7302:
7298:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7284:
7280:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7266:
7262:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7248:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7229:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7215:
7211:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7197:
7193:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7179:
7175:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7133:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7075:
7072:
7064:
7059:
7058:
7057:
7054:
7051:
7044:
7043:
7040:
7037:
7034:
7027:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7013:
7012:
7009:
7006:
7003:
6995:
6992:
6991:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6977:
6976:
6973:
6970:
6967:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6954:
6951:
6948:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6931:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6895:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6881:
6878:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6857:
6854:
6851:
6844:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6825:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6805:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6749:
6742:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6688:
6685:
6680:
6677:
6668:Main article:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6648:
6647:
6644:
6639:
6635:
6634:
6629:
6622:
6616:
6615:
6612:
6607:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6586:
6585:
6582:
6577:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6560:
6554:
6553:
6550:
6545:
6537:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6520:to come inside
6515:
6514:
6507:to come inside
6502:
6501:
6498:
6493:
6492:for him (ins.)
6490:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6450:
6445:
6442:
6437:
6429:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6416:
6415:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6398:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6373:
6368:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6346:
6345:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6331:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6311:
6304:
6285:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6276:
6275:
6263:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6253:
6249:
6248:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6215:
6212:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6091:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6082:
6081:
6069:
6068:
6065:
6061:
6060:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6022:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5939:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5908:
5905:
5904:teacher (erg.)
5901:
5900:
5895:
5888:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5868:
5865:
5864:кӏэлэегъадж-эм
5861:
5860:
5857:
5852:
5849:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5819:
5818:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5635:Ergative (-m)
5633:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5621:Ergative (-m)
5619:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5610:Direct object
5608:
5605:
5599:
5598:
5587:
5576:
5565:
5550:
5549:
5538:
5527:
5516:
5486:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5407:wəpt͡ʂʼat͡ʃʼa]
5404:
5397:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5361:
5358:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5282:
5272:
5271:
5268:Зыкъалъэгъужьы
5264:
5257:
5250:
5249:{They see us}
5243:
5236:
5229:
5228:{They see me}
5222:
5218:
5217:
5212:Зэшъолъэгъужьы
5210:
5201:
5199:
5198:{Y'allsee us}
5192:
5185:
5183:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5164:
5163:{We see them}
5157:
5154:Шъукъэтэлъэгъу
5150:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5124:Зыкъелъэгъужьы
5120:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5098:{He sees him}
5092:
5091:{He sees you}
5085:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5066:Зкъэолъэгъужьы
5062:
5053:
5051:
5040:
5039:{You see him}
5031:
5029:
5018:
5014:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4998:{I see y'all}
4996:Шъукъэсэлъэгъу
4992:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4883:
4882:the boy (abs.)
4880:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4783:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4750:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4677:is hitting me.
4672:
4671:
4666:
4663:
4662:the boy (abs.)
4659:
4658:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4617:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4531:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4444:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4429:Тыкъызэплъыжьы
4425:
4418:
4411:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4302:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4287:Сыкъызэплъыжьы
4283:
4276:
4269:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4188:disease (obl.)
4186:
4182:
4181:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4140:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4126:an accordion"
4119:
4118:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3986:Ergative (-m)
3984:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:Direct object
3959:
3956:
3946:
3945:Bivalent verbs
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:to our house"
3840:
3839:
3834:
3831:
3830:the boy (abs.)
3827:
3826:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3773:in our house"
3766:
3765:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3744:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3512:Direct object
3510:
3507:
3485:
3482:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3317:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:is laying near
3296:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3241:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2711:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2686:Ergative (-m)
2684:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2540:шӏэн "to know"
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2501:ежэн "to wait"
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:есын "to swim"
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2433:быбын "to fly"
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2392:
2389:
2384:will have came
2345:
2344:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2271:Second-person
2268:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2226:Second-person
2223:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2161:future perfect
2156:
2155:Future perfect
2153:
2109:
2108:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:Second-person
2038:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:Second-person
1993:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1926:
1923:
1859:
1843:
1827:
1826:
1818:I was going to
1761:къэзгъэзэжьыгъ
1759:
1743:
1727:
1701:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:Second-person
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:Second-person
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1542:
1537:
1487:
1474:
1473:
1423:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:Second-person
1378:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:кӏощт, еджэщт
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:Second-person
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1270:
1267:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1153:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1128:макӏох, еджэх
1126:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:Second-person
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:Second-person
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
999:
996:
984:(s)he had come
965:къэ-кӏу-эгъагъ
952:(s)he had come
940:къэ-кӏу-эгъагъ
932:
916:
897:
896:
859:къэсхьыгъагъэх
835:къэсхьыгъагъэх
832:
813:
797:
796:
793:
792:
789:
786:
783:
779:
778:
775:
772:
769:
768:Second-person
765:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
748:
747:
744:
741:
738:
734:
733:
730:
727:
724:
723:Second-person
720:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
684:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
661:
660:
653:
650:
642:
633:
569:
553:
534:
533:
521:I brought them
489:I brought them
469:
450:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
423:
420:
416:
415:
412:
409:
406:
405:Second-person
402:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
385:
384:
381:
378:
375:
371:
370:
367:
364:
361:
360:Second-person
357:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
340:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
321:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
289:
284:
281:
280:
277:
274:
271:
267:
266:
263:
260:
257:
255:Future perfect
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
235:
234:
231:
228:
225:
219:
218:
217:(s)he will go
215:
212:
209:
207:Factual Future
203:
202:
201:(s)he will go
199:
196:
193:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
157:
156:
153:
150:
149:~агъэ /~aːʁa/
147:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
105:
102:
83:
82:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10733:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10713:
10711:
10696:
10693:
10692:
10690:
10688:
10684:
10678:
10675:
10674:
10672:
10668:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10648:
10645:
10644:
10643:
10640:
10639:
10637:
10636:
10634:
10630:
10622:
10619:
10618:
10617:
10614:
10610:
10607:
10606:
10604:
10603:
10601:
10597:
10591:
10588:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10565:
10559:
10556:
10552:
10549:
10548:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10535:
10533:
10529:
10523:
10520:
10516:
10513:
10512:
10510:
10509:
10507:
10503:
10491:
10488:
10487:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10479:
10477:
10473:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10458:
10456:
10452:
10446:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10436:
10430:
10427:
10423:
10420:
10419:
10417:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10404:
10402:
10398:
10395:
10394:
10393:
10390:
10389:
10387:
10383:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10362:
10361:
10358:
10354:
10351:
10350:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10339:
10336:
10335:
10333:
10329:
10326:
10325:
10323:
10319:
10316:
10315:
10313:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10300:
10299:
10296:
10290:
10287:
10286:
10285:
10282:
10281:
10279:
10278:
10276:
10274:
10270:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10253:
10251:
10250:
10247:
10244:
10240:
10232:
10229:
10228:
10226:
10225:
10223:
10219:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10201:
10198:
10197:
10195:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10182:
10181:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10168:
10163:
10159:
10156:
10153:
10148:Indo-European
10146:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10109:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10102:Orthographies
10100:
10098:
10095:
10094:
10091:
10087:
10083:
10076:
10071:
10069:
10064:
10062:
10057:
10056:
10053:
10046:
10043:
10042:
10038:
10032:
10027:
10024:
10018:
10009:
10005:
10000:
9996:
9993:
9990:
9987:
9984:
9981:
9978:
9977:
9972:
9968:
9963:
9958:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9937:
9933:
9930:
9927:
9924:
9921:
9918:
9915:
9914:
9910:
9907:
9904:
9901:
9898:
9895:
9892:
9891:
9888:
9887:
9879:
9878:is he like me
9874:
9871:
9868:
9865:
9862:
9859:
9856:
9853:
9852:
9847:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9817:
9814:
9811:
9808:
9805:
9802:
9799:
9796:
9795:
9791:
9788:
9785:
9782:
9779:
9776:
9773:
9772:
9769:
9768:
9760:
9755:
9752:
9749:
9746:
9743:
9740:
9737:
9734:
9733:
9728:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9698:
9695:
9692:
9689:
9686:
9683:
9680:
9677:
9676:
9673:
9670:
9667:
9664:
9661:
9658:
9655:
9654:
9651:
9650:
9646:
9643:
9640:
9637:
9634:
9631:
9628:
9627:
9626:
9624:
9612:
9607:
9604:
9601:
9598:
9595:
9594:
9589:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9574:
9571:
9568:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9558:
9555:
9552:
9549:
9548:
9545:
9544:
9536:
9535:we are coming
9531:
9528:
9527:we are coming
9525:
9522:
9521:
9516:
9512:
9507:
9506:
9503:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9493:
9490:
9487:
9486:
9483:
9482:
9478:
9475:
9472:
9469:
9466:
9465:
9464:
9454:
9451:go there and
9450:
9445:
9442:
9439:
9436:
9434:I will go and
9433:
9430:
9429:
9424:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9404:
9401:
9398:
9395:
9392:
9389:
9388:
9385:
9382:
9379:
9376:
9373:
9372:
9369:
9368:
9360:
9355:
9352:
9349:
9346:
9345:
9340:
9336:
9331:
9330:
9327:
9324:
9321:
9320:
9317:
9314:
9311:
9310:
9307:
9306:
9302:
9299:
9296:
9293:
9290:
9287:
9286:
9285:
9284:For example:
9282:
9279:
9272:
9269:
9260:
9256:
9251:
9248:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9234:
9231:
9230:
9225:
9221:
9216:
9213:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9198:
9195:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9181:
9178:
9177:
9174:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9153:
9152:
9145:the basket."
9144:
9140:
9135:
9132:
9129:
9127:basket (erg.)
9126:
9123:
9120:
9117:
9116:
9111:
9107:
9102:
9099:
9095:
9090:
9089:
9086:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9072:
9071:
9068:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9054:
9053:
9050:
9049:
9043:
9040:
9037:
9034:
9031:
9028:
9025:
9024:
9018:
9015:
9012:
9009:
9006:
9003:
9000:
8999:
8995:
8992:
8989:
8986:
8983:
8980:
8977:
8976:
8972:
8969:
8966:
8963:
8960:
8957:
8956:
8945:
8939:
8938:
8930:
8925:
8922:
8919:
8916:
8913:
8912:
8907:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8892:
8889:
8886:
8883:
8880:
8879:
8876:
8873:
8870:
8867:
8866:
8863:
8862:
8854:
8849:
8846:
8843:
8840:
8837:
8836:
8831:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8816:
8813:
8810:
8807:
8804:
8803:
8800:
8797:
8794:
8791:
8790:
8787:
8786:
8780:
8777:
8774:
8771:
8768:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8755:
8752:
8749:
8746:
8743:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8732:
8729:
8726:
8723:
8720:
8717:
8714:
8713:
8709:
8706:
8703:
8700:
8697:
8694:
8693:
8682:
8676:
8675:
8667:
8662:
8659:
8656:
8653:
8650:
8649:
8644:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8629:
8626:
8623:
8620:
8618:мыӏэрысэ-хэ-р
8617:
8616:
8613:
8610:
8607:
8604:
8603:
8600:
8599:
8591:
8587:
8586:I am throwing
8582:
8579:
8576:
8573:
8570:
8569:
8564:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8549:
8546:
8543:
8540:
8537:
8536:
8533:
8530:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8513:
8510:
8507:
8504:
8501:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8488:
8485:
8482:
8479:
8476:
8473:
8470:
8469:
8465:
8462:
8459:
8456:
8453:
8450:
8447:
8446:
8442:
8439:
8436:
8433:
8430:
8427:
8426:
8415:
8409:
8408:
8400:
8396:
8391:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8377:
8376:
8371:
8367:
8364:
8360:
8355:
8354:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8340:
8339:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8325:
8324:
8321:
8320:
8312:
8307:
8304:
8301:
8298:
8295:
8292:
8291:
8286:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8266:
8263:
8260:
8257:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8247:
8244:
8241:
8238:
8235:
8234:
8231:
8230:
8224:
8221:
8218:
8215:
8212:
8209:
8206:
8205:
8201:
8198:
8195:
8192:
8189:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8178:
8175:
8172:
8169:
8166:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8155:
8152:
8149:
8146:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8128:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8117:
8109:
8107:
8101:
8092:
8091:standing near
8087:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8074:
8069:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8045:
8042:
8041:
8038:
8035:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8025:
8024:
8016:
8013:"The food is
8011:
8008:
8005:
8002:
7999:
7998:
7993:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7978:
7975:
7972:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7962:
7959:
7956:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7942:
7939:
7936:
7933:
7931:Inside within
7930:
7929:
7925:
7922:
7919:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7909:къолъ (qʷaɬ)
7908:
7905:
7902:
7899:
7896:
7895:
7891:
7890:
7874:
7873:
7869:
7866:
7863:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7852:
7849:
7846:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7835:
7834:
7818:
7817:
7813:
7812:
7796:
7795:
7791:
7789:чӏэс (ʈ͡ʂʼas)
7788:
7786:чӏэт (ʈ͡ʂʼat)
7785:
7783:чӏэ~ (ʈ͡ʂʼa~)
7782:
7779:
7778:
7774:
7771:
7768:
7765:
7762:
7761:
7757:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7711:
7706:
7703:
7700:
7697:
7694:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7611:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7599:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7579:
7576:
7573:
7570:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7560:
7557:
7554:
7551:
7548:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7538:
7527:
7522:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7509:
7504:
7501:
7498:
7497:
7491:
7486:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7473:
7469:шъхьэдэплъы
7468:
7465:
7462:
7461:
7455:
7451:шъхьарыплъы
7450:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7437:
7432:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7419:
7414:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7402:кӏэлъыредзы
7401:
7396:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7383:
7378:
7375:
7373:Inside within
7372:
7371:
7365:
7360:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7347:
7342:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7329:
7324:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7311:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7293:
7288:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7275:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7263:
7257:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7239:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7224:
7219:
7213:
7212:
7206:
7201:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7188:
7183:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7170:
7165:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7152:
7147:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7137:
7132:
7128:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7111:
7108:
7101:
7096:
7093:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7069:
7068:
7063:
7060:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7024:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7016:
7010:
7007:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6999:
6993:
6988:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6980:
6974:
6971:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6963:
6957:
6952:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6944:
6938:
6935:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6927:
6921:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6905:
6899:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6891:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6869:Frequentative
6868:
6863:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6824:
6821:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6788:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6769:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6761:
6755:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6745:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6722:
6717:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6703:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6695:
6692:
6687:Negative form
6686:
6684:
6678:
6676:
6671:
6663:
6654:
6649:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6630:
6627:
6623:
6618:
6617:
6614:къышъуиӏуагъ
6613:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6592:
6587:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6568:
6565:
6561:
6556:
6555:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6525:
6521:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6503:
6500:must/have to
6499:
6497:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6455:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6422:
6417:
6413:
6408:
6405:must/have to
6404:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6341:
6335:
6332:
6330:кӏон "to go".
6329:
6328:
6327:
6321:
6312:
6308:second prefix
6305:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6289:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6200:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6167:
6163:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6070:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6056:qəwasaʁaɬaʁʷə
6053:
6048:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6004:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5982:
5975:
5966:
5962:second prefix
5959:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5943:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5920:"The teacher
5918:
5915:books (obl.)
5914:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5878:
5875:тхылъы-хэ-мэ
5874:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5848:кӏэлэегъаджэм
5847:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5736:
5732:
5727:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5654:
5647:
5641:Oblique (-m)
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5627:Oblique (-m)
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5588:
5577:
5566:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5539:
5528:
5517:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5456:
5448:
5441:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5343:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5288:сыкъэбэлъэгъу
5286:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5265:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5211:
5205:Къэшъолъэгъух
5202:
5200:
5196:Ткъэшъолъэгъу
5193:
5186:
5184:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5166:Зэтэлъэгъужьы
5165:
5158:
5151:
5149:
5147:{We see him}
5142:
5140:{We see you}
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5105:{He sees us}
5100:
5093:
5086:
5084:{He sees me}
5079:
5076:
5075:
5068:Зэбэлъэгъужьы
5063:
5054:
5052:
5050:{You see us}
5041:
5032:
5030:
5028:{You see me}
5019:
5016:
5015:
5008:Зэсэлъэгъужьы
5007:
5005:{I see them}
5000:
4993:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4940:
4934:
4931:
4898:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4879:Joseph (erg.)
4878:
4877:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4694:
4687:
4678:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4602:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4527:Къызэплъыжьых
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4470:
4463:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4445:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4331:Укъызэплъыжьы
4328:
4321:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4303:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4217:
4211:
4202:the disease"
4201:
4200:is dying from
4198:"the old man
4196:
4193:
4192:(s)he died of
4190:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4125:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4013:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3978:Oblique (-m)
3977:
3974:
3971:
3969:Intransitive
3968:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3944:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3846:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3772:
3767:
3764:house (ins.)
3763:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3696:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3520:Intransitive
3519:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3454:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3378:
3377:is sitting on
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3332:пхъэнтӏэкӏу-м
3331:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2788:at the man."
2787:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:Intransitive
2671:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:Transitivity
2660:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2581:щэн "to sell"
2580:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2439:лӏэн "to die"
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2424:шхэн "to eat"
2423:
2421:чъэн "to run"
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2369:къэкӏу-агъэщт
2365:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:Third-person
2284:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2257:First-person
2256:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2240:Third-person
2239:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2212:First-person
2211:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2055:Third-person
2054:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2027:First-person
2026:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2010:Third-person
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1982:First-person
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1909:I cigarette {
1907:
1905:
1894:
1893:
1892:с-ешъо-щтыгъэ
1888:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1867:с-ешъо-щтыгъэ
1864:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1667:Third-person
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1639:First-person
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1622:Third-person
1621:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1594:First-person
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1468:I will eat in
1464:
1462:
1461:I will eat in
1457:
1455:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1438:I will eat in
1435:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1395:Third-person
1394:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1367:First-person
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:Third-person
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1322:First-person
1321:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:Third-person
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:тэкӏо, теджэ
1099:
1097:First-person
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1080:Third-person
1079:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:I go, I read
1060:
1057:
1055:сэкӏо, седжэ
1054:
1052:First-person
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
998:Present tense
997:
994:
992:
987:
985:
980:
978:
967:
966:
961:
960:
957:Кӏалэр тиунэ
954:
953:
949:
947:
942:
941:
937:
936:
930:
927:
922:
919:
914:
908:
903:
900:
894:
892:
891:I had brought
887:
885:
882:I foods.ABS {
880:
878:
867:
866:
863:Сэ шхын-хэ-р
861:
860:
854:
853:
849:
847:
842:
841:
837:
836:
830:
824:
819:
816:
811:
808:
803:
800:
790:
787:
784:
782:Third-person
781:
780:
776:
773:
770:
767:
766:
762:
759:
756:
754:First-person
753:
749:
745:
742:
739:
737:Third-person
736:
735:
731:
728:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
711:
709:First-person
708:
704:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
665:
664:
658:
654:
651:
648:
647:
646:
641:
637:
634:
631:
629:
624:
622:
617:
615:
604:
603:
598:
597:
594:Кӏалэр тиунэ
591:
590:
586:
584:
579:
578:
574:
573:
567:
564:
559:
556:
551:
545:
540:
537:
531:
529:
524:
522:
519:I foods.ABS {
517:
515:
504:
503:
500:Сэ шхын-хэ-р
498:
497:
491:
490:
486:
484:
479:
478:
474:
473:
467:
461:
456:
453:
448:
445:
440:
437:
427:
424:
421:
419:Third-person
418:
417:
413:
410:
407:
404:
403:
399:
396:
393:
391:First-person
390:
386:
382:
379:
376:
374:Third-person
373:
372:
368:
365:
362:
359:
358:
354:
351:
348:
346:First-person
345:
341:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
324:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
302:
301:
298:
295:
292:The verbs in
288:
285:
278:
275:
272:
269:
268:
264:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
248:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
232:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
216:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
200:
198:кӏон /kʷʼan/
197:
194:
191:
190:
186:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
170:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
103:
101:
98:
94:
90:
79:
76:
68:
58:
53:
48:
39:
35:
34:
27:
18:
17:
10687:Austronesian
10571:Derived stem
10537:
10370:irregularity
10136:
10127:Prepositions
10039:Bibliography
10026:
10007:
10003:
9970:
9877:
9869:
9863:(s)he (abs.)
9857:(s)he (erg.)
9845:
9812:
9789:
9758:
9750:
9744:you (plural)
9726:
9693:
9671:
9623:intransitive
9620:
9611:I will throw
9610:
9602:
9587:
9570:къэ-c-дзы-щт
9569:
9556:
9534:
9526:
9514:
9501:
9491:
9462:
9452:
9448:
9440:
9422:
9399:
9383:
9358:
9350:
9347:train (abs.)
9338:
9325:
9315:
9283:
9275:
9258:
9254:
9246:
9238:
9223:
9211:
9193:
9185:
9172:
9164:
9142:
9138:
9130:
9121:
9110:qəjʁatʼarʑəx
9109:
9098:jətʼaraːʁxar
9097:
9084:
9076:
9066:
9058:
8928:
8920:
8905:
8888:къ-а-хэ-плъы
8887:
8874:
8855:the glass."
8852:
8844:
8841:glass (erg.)
8829:
8811:
8798:
8665:
8657:
8642:
8632:[məʔarəsaxar
8624:
8611:
8589:
8585:
8577:
8574:woods (abs.)
8563:qətajsad͡zax
8562:
8544:
8531:
8398:
8394:
8386:
8381:
8378:table (erg.)
8369:
8362:
8349:
8344:
8334:
8329:
8310:
8302:
8284:
8261:
8245:
8113:
8105:
8090:
8082:
8067:
8057:[t͡ʃʼaːɮaxar
8049:
8036:
8017:the table."
8014:
8006:
8003:table (erg.)
7991:
7973:
7960:
7926:голъ (ɡʷaɬ)
7853:ӏулъ (ʔʷəɬ)
7719:
7709:
7701:
7683:
7660:
7644:
7615:
7612:table (erg.)
7609:foods (abs.)
7597:
7574:
7558:
7474:шъхьэдедзы
7456:шъхьаредзы
7379:кӏоцӏаплъэ
7135:
7130:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7105:
7083:
7066:
7045:
7028:
7014:
6997:
6978:
6961:
6942:
6925:
6906:
6903:
6889:
6872:
6845:
6827:
6806:
6792:
6773:
6759:
6743:
6726:
6707:
6693:
6690:
6682:
6673:
6652:
6641:
6625:
6609:
6590:
6579:
6563:
6547:
6523:
6519:
6510:
6506:
6495:
6487:
6447:
6439:
6420:
6411:
6401:to be pretty
6400:
6370:
6347:
6339:
6325:
6315:third prefix
6301:first prefix
6294:
6271:
6267:
6243:
6220:
6204:
6174:
6170:
6146:
6123:
6107:
6077:
6074:I am showing
6073:
6064:house (abs.)
6055:
6042:
6032:
5994:
5987:
5969:third prefix
5955:first prefix
5948:
5928:the books."
5925:
5921:
5910:
5892:aːrajʁaːd͡ʒa
5891:
5871:а-ре-гъа-джэ
5870:
5854:
5827:
5823:
5799:
5776:
5760:
5733:the house."
5730:
5721:house (erg.)
5712:
5699:
5689:
5666:
5659:
5551:
5502:
5499:
5487:
5461:
5430:
5419:
5400:
5379:
5363:
5341:
5333:
5318:
5300:
5287:
5254:Шъукъалъэгъу
5207:Къэбэлъэгъух
5189:Къэшъолъэгъу
5161:Къэтэлъэгъух
5138:Укъэтэлъэгъу
5110:Шъукъелъэгъу
5064:Зэолъэгъужьы
5059:Къэбэлъэгъух
5048:Ткъэбэлъэгъу
5026:Скъэбэлъэгъу
5003:Къэсэлъэгъух
4989:{I see him}
4982:{I see you}
4980:Укъэсэлъэгъу
4932:
4906:
4896:
4888:
4850:
4834:
4809:
4798:
4786:
4779:
4752:
4720:
4717:
4706:
4676:
4668:
4653:
4635:
4622:
4600:
4592:
4577:
4559:
4546:
4471:Шъузэплъыжьы
4457:Шъукъытэплъы
4415:Тыкъышъоплъы
4385:Къызэплъыжьы
4273:Сыкъышъоплъы
4209:
4199:
4191:
4176:
4158:
4145:
4123:
4115:
4100:
4082:
4069:
4031:
4028:
4017:
3948:
3933:
3919:
3898:
3879:
3863:
3844:
3836:
3821:
3792:
3770:
3760:he is eating
3759:
3747:
3740:
3724:
3711:
3685:ма~ and ~эх
3548:
3487:
3478:
3469:Verb valency
3467:
3464:Verb valency
3455:the house."
3452:
3444:
3441:house (erg.)
3429:
3411:
3398:
3379:the chair."
3376:
3368:
3365:chair (erg.)
3353:
3348:pχantʼakʷʼəm
3335:
3322:
3319:пхъэнтӏэкӏум
3300:
3292:
3277:
3259:
3246:
3080:
3057:
3045:
3030:
3022:
3007:
2989:
2976:
2954:
2946:
2931:
2913:
2900:
2882:
2876:
2871:
2861:
2853:
2838:
2820:
2807:
2785:
2777:
2762:
2744:
2731:
2713:
2707:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2678:Oblique(-m)
2652:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2575:ӏон "to say"
2570:
2543:шӏын "to do"
2517:
2511:
2510:
2483:еон "to hit"
2463:
2418:кӏон "to go"
2413:
2407:
2406:
2401:intransitive
2394:
2391:Transitivity
2383:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2363:къэкӏуагъэщт
2362:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2330:I book.ERG {
2329:
2327:
2323:с-еджэ-гъэщт
2322:
2321:сэ тхылъы-м
2320:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2165:
2158:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2130:а пшъашъэ-р
2129:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2071:
1935:
1928:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1809:school.ERG {
1808:
1794:
1789:
1785:сы-кӏо-щтыгъ
1784:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1710:сы-кӏо-щтыгъ
1709:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1547:
1544:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1523:{an apple} {
1522:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1459:{my house} {
1458:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1275:
1272:
1269:Future tense
1261:
1259:
1254:
1253:{an apple} {
1252:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1200:in my house"
1197:
1195:
1190:
1189:{my house} {
1188:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1083:макӏо, еджэ
1069:окӏо, уеджэ
1005:
1001:
990:
988:
983:
981:
976:
968:
964:
962:
958:
956:
951:
950:
945:
943:
939:
938:
934:
933:
928:
923:
920:
917:
909:
904:
901:
898:
890:
888:
883:
881:
876:
868:
864:
862:
858:
856:
851:
850:
845:
843:
839:
838:
834:
833:
825:
820:
817:
814:
809:
804:
801:
798:
662:
644:
627:
625:
620:
618:
613:
605:
601:
599:
595:
593:
588:
587:
582:
580:
576:
575:
571:
570:
565:
560:
557:
554:
546:
541:
538:
535:
527:
525:
520:
518:
513:
505:
501:
499:
495:
493:
488:
487:
482:
480:
476:
475:
471:
470:
462:
457:
454:
451:
446:
441:
438:
435:
299:
291:
270:Recent past
107:
86:
71:
62:
55:Please help
50:}}
44:{{
41:
30:
10642:conjugation
10599:Niger–Congo
10567:Afroasiatic
10551:conjugation
10515:conjugation
10422:conjugation
10418:Macedonian
10407:conjugation
10397:conjugation
10365:conjugation
10353:conjugation
10338:conjugation
10334:Portuguese
10328:conjugation
10318:conjugation
10303:conjugation
10284:conjugation
10256:conjugation
10231:conjugation
10200:conjugation
10117:Determiners
10097:Phonologies
9994:girl (abs.)
9982:girl (erg.)
9934:къ-еплъ-а?
9813:къы-с-фэд-а
9747:girl (abs.)
9727:qəʃʷdaːkʷʼa
9672:къышъудакӏо
9596:rock (abs.)
9582:waːdaʑt͡ʃʼa
9566:уа-дэжь-кӏэ
9384:сыкъэплъыщт
9357:"The train
9333:[maʃʷʼakʷar
9235:roof (erg.)
9232:ball (abs.)
9212:tajʁatʼaran
9165:тегъэтӏэрэн
9118:rock (adv.)
9059:итӏэрагъхэр
8799:сыкъыхэплъы
8730:tajpt͡ʃʼən
8721:tajpt͡ʃʼan
8621:шхыны-хэ-мэ
8605:мыӏэрысэхэр
8532:къытесэдзых
8397:the table,
8313:the roof."
8176:tajpt͡ʃʼən
8167:tajpt͡ʃʼan
8093:the shop."
8079:shop (erg.)
8076:boys (abs.)
8000:food (abs.)
7906:къоc (qʷas)
7903:къот (qʷat)
7900:къо~ (qʷa~)
7887:пылъ (pəɬ)
7831:дэлъ (daɬ)
7809:хэлъ (xaɬ)
7775:телъ (taɬ)
7758:щылъ (ɕəɬ)
7710:Write aside
7702:write aside
7695:word (erg.)
7499:Directly at
7484:шъхьапыры~
7384:кӏоцӏедзэ
7361:зэкӏаплъэ
7343:пэӏуаплъэ
7337:In front of
6823:Malefactive
6789:Benefactive
6632:qəʃʷiʔʷaːʁ]
6591:to tell you
6564:qəwasʔʷanəw
6522:our house,
6509:our house,
6322:Infinitives
6274:the girl."
6258:girl (obl.)
6255:food (abs.)
6177:the girl."
6161:girl (obl.)
6158:film (abs.)
6124:ре-гъэ-плъы
6108:регъэлъэгъу
5859:тхылъыхэмэ
5830:the film."
5814:film (obl.)
5811:girl (abs.)
5777:ре-гъэ-плъы
5690:уесэгъэплъы
5632:Transitive
5470:, a direct
5431:I am asking
5319:səqabaɬaʁʷə
5266:Залъэгъужьы
5194:Тэшъолъэгъу
5180:Скъэолъэгъу
5178:Сэшъолъэгъу
5152:Шъотэлъэгъу
5145:Къэтэлъэгъу
5122:Зелъэгъужьы
5057:Къэолъэгъух
5044:Ткъэолъэгъу
5037:Къэбэлъэгъу
5022:Скъэолъэгъу
4994:Шъосэлъэгъу
4987:Къэсэлъэгъу
4968:At oneself
4885:shop (erg.)
4513:Къышъоплъых
4427:Тызэплъыжьы
4285:Сызэплъыжьы
4245:At oneself
3983:Transitive
3729:ти-унэ-кӏэ
3682:3rd person
3666:2nd person
3650:1st person
3631:3rd person
3615:2nd person
3599:1st person
3534:Transitive
3506:Monovalent
3303:the tree."
3289:tree (erg.)
3218:3rd person
3202:2nd person
3186:1st person
3169:3rd person
3153:2st person
3137:1st person
2864:the rock."
2862:is throwing
2850:rock (abs.)
2683:Transitive
2314:сэ тхылъым
2123:а пшъашъэр
1920:cigarrete."
1904:sajʃʷaɕtəʁa
1886:сешъощтыгъэ
1873:sajʃʷaɕtəʁa
1862:сешъощтыгъэ
1811:I was going
1791:jad͡ʒaːpʼam
1723:I was going
1691:jad͡ʒaːpʼam
1262:I am buying
1255:I am buying
1232:I am buying
991:had come to
959:къэкӏогъагъ
935:къэкӏогъагъ
893:the foods."
877:qasħəʁaːʁax
857:Сэ шхынхэр
846:qasħəʁaːʁax
657:remote past
602:къэ-кӏу-агъ
577:къэ-кӏу-агъ
496:къэсхьыгъэх
494:Сэ шхынхэр
472:къэсхьыгъэх
294:simple past
287:Simple past
155:(s)he went
145:Simple past
91:, like all
59:if you can.
10710:Categories
10490:pure verbs
10461:Hindustani
10454:Indo-Aryan
10412:morphology
10349:Sardinian
10308:morphology
10112:Adjectives
10019:References
10010:the boy?"
10008:looking at
9991:boy (erg.)
9979:boy (abs.)
9940:[t͡ʃʼaːɮar
9738:boy (erg.)
9523:your house
9502:ты-къа-кӏо
9393:сы-кӏо-н-и
9351:it arrived
9201:[ʔaɡʷaːwar
9182:унашъхьэ-м
8993:tajtʼarən
8984:tajtʼaran
8914:boy (abs.)
8900:wət͡səxama
8895:[t͡ʃʼaːɮar
8778:jəpt͡ʃʼən
8769:jəpt͡ʃʼan
8744:xapt͡ʃʼan
8625:къ-а-хэ-дз
8588:the woods
8552:[wənaːʂħam
8538:унашъхьэ-м
8463:tajt͡ʃʼən
8255:унашъхьэ-м
8222:jəpt͡ʃʼən
8213:jəpt͡ʃʼan
8199:xapt͡ʃʼən
8190:xapt͡ʃʼan
8062:tut͡ʃaːnəm
8043:кӏалэ-хэ-р
7923:гоc (ɡʷas)
7920:гот (ɡʷat)
7917:го~ (ɡʷa~)
7870:илъ (jəɬ)
7850:ӏyc (ʔʷəs)
7847:ӏут (ʔʷət)
7844:ӏу~ (ʔʷə~)
7766:те~ (taj~)
7678:qalamt͡ʃʼa
7657:къэлэм-кӏэ
7606:boy (erg.)
7582:[t͡ʃʼaːɮam
7575:те-лъхьэ-х
7523:жэдаплъэ
7505:жэхаплъэ
7394:кӏэлъыры~
7366:зэкӏедзэ
7348:пэӏуедзэ
7307:къуаплъэ
7046:Examples:
7015:Examples:
6979:Examples:
6958:Capability
6943:Examples:
6907:Examples:
6890:Examples:
6846:Examples:
6807:Examples:
6774:Examples:
6756:Comitative
6744:Examples:
6664:Morphology
6548:къыосӏонэу
6468:faʃʼət͡ʃʼa
6419:"the girl
6410:"the girl
6252:boy (erg.)
6228:[t͡ʃʼaːɮam
6171:is showing
6155:boy (erg.)
6147:rajʁaɬaʁʷə
6131:[t͡ʃʼaːɮam
6076:the house
5907:boy (abs.)
5898:txəɬəxama]
5808:boy (erg.)
5784:[t͡ʃʼaːɮam
5713:wajsaʁapɬə
5604:Trivalent
5466: : a
5413:boy (erg.)
5401:sajwpt͡ʂʼə
5390:[t͡ʃʼaːɮam
5384:упчӏэ-кӏэ
5261:Къалъэгъух
5252:Шъуалъэгъу
5247:Ткъалъэгъу
5233:Укъалъэгъу
5226:Скъалъэгъу
5203:Шъолъэгъух
5117:Къелъэгъух
5108:Шъуелъэгъу
5103:Ткъелъэгъу
5089:Укъелъэгъу
5082:Скъелъэгъу
5046:Тэбэлъэгъу
5035:Къэолъэгъу
5024:Сэбэлъэгъу
4873:jaʁaːkʷʼa]
4868:tut͡ʃaːnəm
4812:an apple"
4795:Tom (erg.)
4643:[t͡ʃʼaːɮar
4525:Зэплъыжьых
4506:Къытэплъых
4485:Къысэплъых
4466:Шъукъаплъы
4450:Шъукъеплъы
4441:Укъысэплъы
4399:Тыкъыоплъы
4371:Къышъоплъы
4329:Узэплъыжьы
4315:Укъытэплъы
4299:Укъысэплъы
4257:Сыкъыоплъы
4177:əɬʼət͡ʃʼəʁ
4159:ылӏыкӏы-гъ
4124:is playing
4109:boy (abs.)
4090:[t͡ʃʼaːɮar
3934:is looking
3932:"The girl
3927:direction
3876:пшъашъэ-эр
3811:[t͡ʃʼaːɮar
3756:Tom (abs.)
3748:tiwnat͡ʃʼa
3438:boy (abs.)
3419:[t͡ʃʼaːɮar
3362:boy (abs.)
3343:[t͡ʃʼaːɮar
3286:boy (abs.)
3267:[t͡ʃʼaːɮar
3033:the man."
3031:is killing
3019:man (abs.)
3016:boy (erg.)
2997:[t͡ʃʼaːɮam
2957:the man."
2955:is hitting
2943:man (obl.)
2940:boy (abs.)
2921:[t͡ʃʼaːɮar
2847:boy (erg.)
2828:[t͡ʃʼaːɮam
2786:is pelting
2774:man (obl.)
2771:boy (abs.)
2752:[t͡ʃʼaːɮar
2397:transitive
2334:} tomorrow
2316:седжэгъэщт
2192:Plurality
1962:Plurality
1805:qazʁazaʑəʁ
1795:səkʷʼaɕtəʁ
1783:еджапӏэ-м
1778:сыкӏощтыгъ
1772:I returned
1768:qazʁazaʑəʁ
1717:səkʷʼaɕtəʁ
1704:сыкӏощтыгъ
1574:Plurality
1532:I will buy
1525:I will buy
1502:I will buy
1302:Plurality
1032:Plurality
977:qakʷʼaʁaːʁ
946:qakʷʼaʁaːʁ
689:Plurality
636:Pluperfect
621:(s)he came
589:(s)he came
326:Plurality
211:~щт /~ɕt/
177:Pluperfect
97:head final
65:March 2019
10638:Japanese
10605:Chichewa
10558:Kabardian
10547:Georgian
10522:Hungarian
10392:Bulgarian
10185:auxiliary
10006:the girl
9960:t͡ʃʼaːɮam
9931:пшъашъэ-р
9919:пшъашъэ-м
9911:къеплъа?
9711:tədaːkʷʼa
9706:t͡ʃʼaːɮam
9690:пшъашъэ-р
9684:ты-да-кӏо
9588:qasd͡zəɕt
9557:къэcдзыщт
9553:уадэжькӏэ
9515:təqaːkʷʼa
9423:səqapɬəɕt
9326:къэ-сы-гъ
9322:мэшӏоко-р
9161:унашъхьэм
9041:jətʼarən
9032:jətʼaran
9016:xatʼarən
9013:хэтӏэрын
9007:xatʼaran
9004:хэтӏэрэн
8990:тетӏэрын
8981:тетӏэрэн
8967:Cyrillic
8958:Cyrillic
8947:Position
8927:"The boy
8884:уцы-хэ-мэ
8875:къахэплъы
8830:səqəxapɬə
8704:Cyrillic
8695:Cyrillic
8684:Position
8637:ʃxənəxama
8608:шхыныхэмэ
8541:пхъэ-хэ-р
8525:унашъхьэм
8454:tajd͡zan
8437:Cyrillic
8428:Cyrillic
8417:Position
8274:wənaːʂħam
8239:унашъхьэм
8150:Cyrillic
8141:Cyrillic
8130:Position
8102:Direction
8007:laying on
7892:Attached
7884:пыc (pəs)
7881:пыт (pət)
7878:пы~ (pə~)
7828:дэс (das)
7825:дэт (dat)
7822:дэ~ (da~)
7806:хэс (xas)
7803:хэт (xat)
7800:хэ~ (xa~)
7772:тес (tas)
7769:тет (tat)
7755:щыс (ɕəs)
7752:щыт (ɕət)
7749:щы~ (ɕə~)
7641:къэлэмкӏэ
7568:шхын-хэ-р
7528:жэдедзэ
7510:жэхедзэ
7466:шъхьадэ~
7448:шъхьары~
7433:блэплъы
7415:лъэплъэ
7355:Backwards
7325:гуаплъэ
7312:къуедзэ
7253:ӏуаплъэ
7184:чӏаплъэ
6723:Causative
6626:ʃʷəʃxanəw
6620:[t͡sʼafəm
6610:шъушхэнэу
6484:our house
6473:wt͡ʃʼalan
6421:has to be
6270:the food
6268:is giving
6266:"The boy
6217:пшъашъэ-м
6173:the film
6169:"The boy
6120:пшъэшъэ-м
5990:causative
5922:is making
5886:t͡ʃʼaːɮar
5855:арегъаджэ
5826:the girl
5824:is making
5822:"The boy
5770:пшъэшъэ-р
5761:регъэплъы
5662:causative
5490:causative
5464:arguments
5380:с-е-упчӏы
5368:упчӏэкӏэ
5240:Къалъэгъу
5187:Шъолъэгъу
5159:Тэлъэгъух
5136:Отэлъэгъу
5096:Къелъэгъу
5042:Тэолъэгъу
5020:Сэолъэгъу
5001:Сэлъэгъух
4978:Осэлъэгъу
4897:is making
4863:t͡ʃʼaːɮar
4858:[jəwsəfəm
4810:is eating
4675:"The boy
4560:у-сэ-плъы
4492:Къыоплъых
4422:Тыкъаплъы
4413:Тышъоплъы
4406:Тыкъеплъы
4383:Зэплъыжьы
4364:Къытэплъы
4343:Къысэплъы
4280:Сыкъаплъы
4271:Сышъоплъы
4264:Сыкъеплъы
4146:ылӏыкӏыгъ
4122:"The boy
4112:accordion
3955:Bivalent
3924:our house
3910:paːt͡ʃʼa]
3845:is coming
3843:"The boy
3833:our house
3771:is eating
3716:тиунэкӏэ
3596:Singular
3588:Cyrillic
3583:Examples
3577:pronouns
3473:arguments
3451:"The boy
3375:"The boy
3299:"The boy
3134:Singular
3126:Cyrillic
3121:Examples
3115:pronouns
3029:"The boy
2953:"The boy
2860:"The boy
2784:"The boy
2634:sentence'
2382:"the boy
2209:Singular
2198:Cyrillic
1979:Singular
1968:Cyrillic
1890:сэ тутын
1884:сэ тутын
1856:cigarette
1802:qəzajɕxəm
1776:еджапӏэм
1752:qəzajɕxəm
1748:къызещхым
1745:къызещхым
1687:еджапӏэ-м
1591:Singular
1580:Cyrillic
1534:an apple"
1470:my house"
1454:səɕəʃxaɕt
1445:сыщышхэщт
1432:səɕəʃxaɕt
1426:сыщышхэщт
1319:Singular
1308:Cyrillic
1264:an apple"
1049:Singular
1038:Cyrillic
989:"The boy
970:t͡ʃʼaːɮar
929:our house
906:t͡ʃʼaːɮar
818:шхын-хэ-р
706:Singular
695:Cyrillic
626:"The boy
607:t͡ʃʼaːɮar
596:къэкӏуагъ
572:къэкӏуагъ
566:our house
543:t͡ʃʼaːɮar
528:I brought
455:шхын-хэ-р
343:Singular
332:Cyrillic
223:Imperfect
10590:Tigrinya
10511:Finnish
10482:Armenian
10466:Sanskrit
10345:Romanian
10324:Occitan
10314:Italian
10280:Catalan
10162:Germanic
10132:Pronouns
10107:Grammars
9908:пшъашъэр
9896:пшъашъэм
9846:qəsfadaː
9803:сы-фэд-а
9790:къысфэда
9668:пшъашъэр
9509:[wəjwəna
9492:тыкъакӏо
9312:мэшӏокор
9255:dropping
9206:wnaːʂħam
9179:ӏэгуао-р
9038:итӏэрын
9029:итӏэрэн
8973:Meaning
8964:Meaning
8950:Towards
8906:qaːxapɬə
8824:aːpt͡ʃəm
8750:хэплъын
8741:хэплъэн
8727:теплъын
8718:теплъэн
8710:Meaning
8701:Meaning
8687:Towards
8643:qaːxad͡z
8511:jəd͡zən
8502:jəd͡zan
8486:xad͡zən
8477:xad͡zan
8443:Meaning
8434:Meaning
8420:Towards
8196:хэпкӏын
8187:хэпкӏэн
8173:тепкӏын
8164:тепкӏэн
8156:Meaning
8147:Meaning
8133:Towards
8046:тучан-ым
8030:кӏалэхэр
7867:иc (jəs)
7864:ит (jət)
7861:и~ (jə~)
7673:ɡʷəɕəʔam
7654:гущыӏ-эм
7559:телъхьэх
7438:бледзэ
7420:лъедзы
7376:кӏоцӏы~
7330:гуедзэ
7289:пэплъэ
7258:ӏуедзэ
7235:даплъэ
7220:даплъэ
7202:хаплъэ
7189:чӏедзэ
7166:теплъэ
7148:щеплъэ
7136:Throwing
7114:Position
6922:Duration
6864:Suffixes
6679:Prefixes
6589:"I want
6444:фэшӏыкӏэ
6440:укъихьан
6423:pretty"
6414:pretty"
6381:[pʂaːʂar
6367:пшъашъэр
6201:пшъашъэм
6117:фылым-ыр
6104:пшъэшъэм
5924:the boy
5800:rajʁapɬə
5773:фылым-ым
5754:пшъэшъэр
5607:Subject
5595:(s)he is
5546:(s)he is
5259:Алъэгъух
5245:Талъэгъу
5231:Уалъэгъу
5224:Салъэгъу
5143:Тэлъэгъу
5115:Елъэгъух
5101:Телъэгъу
5087:Уелъэгъу
5080:Селъэгъу
5055:Олъэгъух
4985:Сэлъэгъу
4962:At y'all
4914:гъакӏо "
4895:"Joseph
4847:тучан-ым
4841:Иусыф-ым
4636:къы-са-о
4520:Къаплъых
4499:Къеплъых
4464:Шъуаплъы
4448:Шъуеплъы
4350:Къыоплъы
4324:Укъаплъы
4308:Укъеплъы
4239:At y'all
3958:Subject
3893:[pʂaːʂar
3860:пшъашъэр
3805:къа-кӏо
3799:кӏалэ-эр
3580:Affixes
3509:Subject
3496:with no
3490:argument
3118:Affixes
3008:jawt͡ʃʼə
2664:Subject
2638:sentence
2630:sentence
2310:tomorrow
2204:Meaning
1974:Meaning
1684:еджапӏэм
1586:Meaning
1484:an apple
1420:my house
1314:Meaning
1214:an apple
1191:I eat in
1168:I eat in
1150:my house
1044:Meaning
910:the boy.
701:Meaning
614:qakʷʼaːʁ
583:qakʷʼaːʁ
547:the boy.
514:qasħəʁax
483:qasħəʁax
338:Meaning
195:~н /~n/
123:Meaning
120:Example
31:require
10695:Ilocano
10632:Japonic
10445:Persian
10438:Iranian
10429:Slovene
10360:Spanish
10273:Romance
10180:English
10084:of the
9971:qajpɬaː
9965:pʂaːʂar
9945:pʂaːʂam
9928:кӏалэ-м
9916:кӏалэ-р
9830:səfadaː
9721:pʂaːʂar
9681:кӏалэ-м
9662:тыдакӏо
9577:[məʒʷar
9377:сыкӏони
9359:arrived
9316:къэсыгъ
9158:ӏэгуаор
9139:Dispose
9092:[məʒʷaw
9073:мыжъо-у
9026:Inside
8881:кӏалэ-р
8871:уцыхэмэ
8775:иплъын
8766:иплъэн
8763:Inside
8753:xapɬən
8612:къахэдз
8528:пхъэхэр
8496:Inside
8483:хэдзын
8474:хэдзэн
8460:тэдзын
8451:тедзэн
8357:[ʔaːnam
8219:ипкӏын
8210:ипкӏэн
8207:Inside
8033:тучаным
7981:[ʃxənər
7967:шхын-ыр
7735:stands
7732:prefix
7638:гущыӏэм
7598:tajɬħax
7587:ʃxənxar
7565:кӏалэ-м
7552:шхынхэр
7294:педзэ
7276:редзэ
7271:еплъэ
7240:дедзэ
7225:дедзэ
7207:хедзэ
7171:тедзэ
7153:щедзы
7131:Looking
7124:Example
6584:I want
6570:səfaːj]
6448:укӏэлэн
6412:must be
6238:pʂaːʂam
6214:шхыны-р
6211:кӏалэ-м
6141:fələməm
6136:pʂaːʂar
6114:кӏалэ-м
6101:фылымыр
5867:кӏалэ-р
5794:fələməm
5789:pʂaːʂar
5767:кӏалэ-м
5757:фылымым
5562:You are
5513:You are
5494:valency
5468:subject
5373:кӏалэ-м
5364:сеупчӏы
5238:Алъэгъу
5094:Елъэгъу
5033:Олъэгъу
4965:At them
4945:Object
4942:Subject
4918:making
4851:егъакӏо
4835:егъакӏо
4831:тучаным
4825:Иусыфым
4654:qəsaːwa
4629:кӏалэ-р
4578:wəsapɬə
4547:усэплъы
4397:Тыоплъы
4378:Къаплъы
4357:Къеплъы
4255:Сыоплъы
4242:At them
4222:Object
4219:Subject
4076:Кӏалэ-р
3822:qaːkʷʼa
3647:Plural
3575:Subject
3498:objects
3494:subject
3405:Кӏалэ-р
3329:Кӏалэ-р
3272:t͡ʂəɣəm
3256:чъыгы-м
3253:Кӏалэ-р
3183:Plural
3113:Subject
2983:Кӏалэ-м
2817:мыжъо-р
2814:Кӏалэ-м
2763:jaʁʷəjə
2667:Object
2254:Plural
2195:Person
2075:экзамен
2072:экзамен
2024:Plural
1965:Person
1695:school.
1636:Plural
1577:Person
1518:sɕafəɕt
1509:сщэфыщт
1496:sɕafəɕt
1490:сщэфыщт
1364:Plural
1305:Person
1184:səɕaʃxa
1175:сыщэшхэ
1162:səɕaʃxa
1156:сыщэшхэ
1094:Plural
1035:Person
973:təjwəna
925:təjwəna
902:Кӏалэ-р
873:ʃxənxar
822:ʃxənxar
815:шхынхэр
751:Plural
692:Person
628:came to
610:təjwəna
562:təjwəna
539:Кӏалэ-р
510:ʃxənxar
459:ʃxənxar
452:шхынхэр
388:Plural
329:Person
243:~щтыгъ
227:~щтыгъ
129:Present
117:Suffix
33:cleanup
10677:Korean
10609:tenses
10585:Hebrew
10580:Arabic
10543:Basque
10538:Adyghe
10505:Uralic
10486:Greek
10403:Czech
10385:Slavic
10298:French
10261:tenses
10252:Latin
10242:Italic
10227:Irish
10221:Celtic
10212:Gothic
10207:German
10196:Dutch
10167:strong
9950:japɬaː
9922:еплъ-а
9905:кӏалэм
9893:кӏалэр
9780:сыфэда
9659:кӏалэм
9563:мыжъор
9550:мыжъор
9407:[mawda
9278:deixis
9124:(abs.)
9104:maːtam
9081:матэ-м
9055:мыжъоу
9001:Among
8868:кӏалэр
8808:апч-ым
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