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Aerospace engineering

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On March 3, 1915, the U.S. Congress established the first aeronautical research administration, known then as the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, or NACA. It was the first government-sponsored organization to support aviation research. Though intended as an advisory board upon inception,
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since rocket science is seen as a practice requiring great mental ability, especially technically and mathematically. The term is used ironically in the expression "It's not rocket science" to indicate that a task is simple. Strictly speaking, the use of "science" in "rocket science" is a misnomer
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behavior of systems and designing them, usually using feedback signals, so that their dynamic behavior is desirable (stable, without large excursions, with minimum error). This applies to the dynamic behavior of aircraft, spacecraft, propulsion systems, and subsystems that exist on aerospace
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The term "rocket scientist" is a misnomer used by the media and in popular culture and applied to a majority of engineers and technicians who worked on the development of rockets with von Braun. It reflects a cultural evaluation of the immense accomplishments of the team but is nevertheless
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including prediction of orbital elements when given a select few variables. While few schools in the United States teach this at the undergraduate level, several have graduate programs covering this topic (usually in conjunction with the Physics department of said college or
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departments at others. A few departments offer degrees in space-focused astronautical engineering. Some institutions differentiate between aeronautical and astronautical engineering. Graduate degrees are offered in advanced or specialty areas for the aerospace industry.
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A wealthy landowner, Cayley is considered the father of aerial navigation and a pioneer in the science of aerodynamics. He established the scientific principles for heavier-than-air flight and used glider models for his research. He was the first to identify the
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In 1914, Robert Goddard was granted two U.S. patents for rockets using solid fuel, liquid fuel, multiple propellant charges, and multi-stage designs. This would set the stage for future applications in multi-stage propulsion systems for outer space.
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dates from the last decade of the 18th to the mid-19th century. One of the most important people in the history of aeronautics and a pioneer in aeronautical engineering, Cayley is credited as the first person to separate the forces of
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Due to the complexity of the final product, an intricate and rigid organizational structure for production has to be maintained, severely curtailing any single engineer's ability to understand his role as it relates to the final
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Sir George Cayley is one of the most important people in the history of aeronautics. Many consider him the first true scientific aerial investigator and the first person to understand the underlying principles and forces of
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cargo aircraft commenced its first flight. It holds the records for the world's heaviest aircraft, heaviest airlifted cargo, and longest airlifted cargo, and has the widest wingspan of any aircraft in operational service.
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since science is about understanding the origins, nature, and behavior of the universe; engineering is about using scientific and engineering principles to solve problems and develop new technology. The more
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Science is about understanding the origins, nature, and behavior of the universe and all it contains; engineering is about solving problems by rearranging the stuff of the world to make new things.
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performed the first sustained, controlled flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft, lasting 12 seconds. The 1910s saw the development of aeronautical engineering through the design of
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in terms of passenger capacity, with a maximum of 853. Though development of this aircraft began in 1988 as a competitor to the 747, the A380 made its first test flight in April 2005.
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made its first commercial flight from New York to London. This aircraft made history and became known as the "Jumbo Jet" or "Whale" due to its ability to hold up to 480 passengers.
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The first definition of aerospace engineering appeared in February 1958, considering the Earth's atmosphere and outer space as a single realm, thereby encompassing both aircraft (
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Early knowledge of aeronautical engineering was largely empirical, with some concepts and skills imported from other branches of engineering. Some key elements, like
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Between World Wars I and II, great leaps were made in the field, accelerated by the advent of mainstream civil aviation. Notable airplanes of this era include the
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There has been a deep-rooted failure in the English-speaking media and popular culture to grapple with the distinction between science and engineering.
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The origin of aerospace engineering can be traced back to the aviation pioneers around the late 19th to early 20th centuries, although the work of Sir
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engineering" has come into use. Aerospace engineering, particularly the astronautics branch, is often colloquially referred to as "rocket science".
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Additionally, aerospace engineering addresses the integration of all components that constitute an aerospace vehicle (subsystems including power,
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applied upon vehicle components. Consequently, they are usually the products of various technological and engineering disciplines including
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English pioneer of aerial navigation and aeronautical engineering and designer of the first successful glider to carry a human being aloft.
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A background in chemistry, physics, computer science and mathematics is important for students pursuing an aerospace engineering degree.
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However, "rocket science" is a misnomer as aerospace engineers are not scientists, and do not necessarily work on rocket propulsion.
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made its maiden commercial flight from Singapore to Sydney, Australia. This aircraft was the first passenger plane to surpass the
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The fundamental advances in fluid dynamics that occurred in the 18th century began with the work of Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782).
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correct version of this phrase would be "rocket engineer". However, "science" and "engineering" are often misused as synonyms.
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to simulate the behavior of the fluid, reducing time and expense spent on wind-tunnel testing. Those studying hydrodynamics or
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component. Historically, this empirical component was derived from testing of scale models and prototypes, either in
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data in order to determine if an aircraft meets its design and performance goals and certification requirements.
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from Japan, United Kingdom, and Germany respectively. A significant development came with the first operational
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A fighter jet engine undergoing testing. The tunnel behind the engine allows noise and exhaust to escape.
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American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ‘History Timeline.’ AIAA, 5. Accessed 15 July 2024.
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American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ‘History Timeline.’ AIAA, 5. Accessed 15 July 2024.
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the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory became its first sponsored research and testing facility in 1920.
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Another significant development came in 1976, with the development of the first passenger
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Flight vehicles are subjected to demanding conditions such as those caused by changes in
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Remembering the Space Age: Proceedings of the 50th Anniversary Conference
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levels in aerospace engineering departments at many universities, and in
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which entered service in 1944 towards the end of the Second World War.
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NDTAeroTech.com, The Online Community for Aerospace NDT Professionals
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Technical knowledge, analytical skills, management skills (see also
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engineers in mission control ensure safety for astronauts onboard
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Aerospace Engineering, Aviation News, Salary, Jobs and Museums
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DTIC ADA032206: Chinese-English Aviation and Space Dictionary
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An important innovation came on January 30, 1970, when the
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The basis of most of these elements lies in theoretical
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In response to the USSR launching the first satellite,
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or in the free atmosphere. More recently, advances in
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The third astronaut, 128: 116: 104: 99: 79: 67: 59: 54: 2057: 1985:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1977:AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition Agenda 1315:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1296:" is sometimes used to describe a person of great 1219:often obtain degrees in aerospace engineering. 973:concerning the flow of air over bodies such as 707:, which affect any atmospheric flight vehicle. 3393:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin) 2097:(First ed.). Vintage Books. pp. xv. 2003:"Aircraft Structures in Aerospace Engineering" 1779:"Messerschmitt Me 262 A-1a Schwalbe (Swallow)" 1151:software, test & evaluation software, etc. 926:spacecraft engineered for descent by parachute 714:, were understood by 18th-century scientists. 594:. It has two major and overlapping branches: 3423: 3071: 2200: 1826:"Boeing 747: Queen of the Skies for 50 years" 806:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 560: 8: 2163:Air Service Training Aviation Maintenance UK 2095:Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War 1900:"World's largest plane destroyed in Ukraine" 1473:Stanzione, Kaydon Al (1989). "Engineering". 1260:Aerospace engineering may be studied at the 1068:). A more recent addition to this module is 30: 1981:AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition 1129:on board an aircraft or spacecraft and the 606:engineering is similar, but deals with the 3430: 3416: 3408: 3247: 3174: 3100: 3078: 3064: 3056: 2255: 2207: 2193: 2185: 1487:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 567: 553: 155: 36: 2144:"Aircraft Design: Synthesis and Analysis" 1320:American Helicopter Society International 855:1976: First passenger supersonic aircraft 3473:Earth systems engineering and management 1392: 1372: 1335:Index of aerospace engineering articles 824:enter orbit around the Moon, with two, 816:, the first human space mission to the 458: 373: 177: 163: 2987:Electrical and electronics engineering 2032:"Entry education, Aerospace Engineers" 1571:. The Princeton Review. Archived from 1533: 1531: 1529: 1480: 1143:for aerospace applications, including 1125: – the design and programming of 843:A F/A-18F Super Hornet in flight, 2008 690:in 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. 29: 2146:. Stanford University. Archived from 2056:Bailey, Charlotte (7 November 2008). 1971:Gruntman, Mike (September 19, 2007). 1707:Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering 1446:Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering 1357:– aerospace engineering honor society 1340:List of aerospace engineering schools 1256:List of aerospace engineering schools 7: 3020: 1690:. Vol. 1. Grolier Incorporated. 1686:(1988). "Aeronautical engineering". 1538:Petroski, Henry (23 November 2010). 1504: 1502: 1500: 1498: 940:List of aerospace engineering topics 3030: 1952:. Atlantic International University 1509:NASA (2008). Steven J. Dick (ed.). 1350:List of Russian aerospace engineers 1947:"Aerospace Engineering definition" 586:concerned with the development of 25: 3508:Sociocultural Systems Engineering 1330:Glossary of aerospace engineering 339:Kepler's laws of planetary motion 110:glossary of aerospace engineering 3039: 3029: 3019: 3010: 3009: 2879: 1422:"Education, Aerospace Engineers" 169: 3132:Certificate of Higher Education 2116:Aero-Engineering Thermodynamics 2072:from the original on 2022-01-11 1898:Guy, Jack (February 28, 2022). 610:side of aerospace engineering. 3590:Systems development life cycle 3483:Enterprise systems engineering 3458:Biological systems engineering 2034:. myfuture.com. Archived from 1424:. myfuture.com. Archived from 808:was founded in 1958 after the 784:) under the newly coined term 1: 3549:System of systems engineering 3463:Cognitive systems engineering 1701:John D. Anderson Jr. (2010). 969:around objects. Specifically 2237:List of engineering branches 2081:10 – It's not rocket science 1922:"History of the Airbus A380" 1565:"Career: Aerospace Engineer" 1540:"Engineering Is Not Science" 1213:computational fluid dynamics 3626:Quality function deployment 3539:Verification and validation 3128:Diploma of Higher Education 1345:List of aerospace engineers 1046:internal combustion engines 977:or through objects such as 820:, took place. It saw three 493:Tsiolkovsky rocket equation 3853: 3488:Health systems engineering 2114:Dharmahinder Singh Chand. 1926:interestingengineering.com 1253: 937: 914:US Space and Rocket Center 870:On December 21, 1988, the 672: 462:Engineering and efficiency 281:Bi-elliptic transfer orbit 3806: 3636:Systems Modeling Language 3005: 2877: 2222: 2118:. Knowledge Curve, 2017. 1800:"A Brief History of NASA" 881:On October 25, 2007, the 804:on January 31, 1958. The 684:Orville and Wilbur Wright 35: 3651:Work breakdown structure 3529:Functional specification 3524:Requirements engineering 3468:Configuration management 1211:have enabled the use of 1199:. There is also a large 1191:for aerodynamics or the 802:first American satellite 582:is the primary field of 488:Propellant mass fraction 387:Gravitational influences 3498:Reliability engineering 3493:Performance engineering 3124:Higher National Diploma 2898:Bachelor of Engineering 2740:Engineering mathematics 1475:Encyclopædia Britannica 1016: – in particular, 769:-powered airplane, the 359:Specific orbital energy 3773:Industrial engineering 3478:Electrical engineering 2997:Structural engineering 2992:Mechanical engineering 2735:Engineering management 1987:(AIAA). Archived from 1802:. NASA. Archived from 1688:Encyclopedia Americana 1278:mechanical engineering 1022:differential equations 935: 927: 916: 844: 717:In December 1903, the 691: 276:Hohmann transfer orbit 3832:Aerospace engineering 3707:Arthur David Hall III 3677:Benjamin S. Blanchard 3453:Aerospace engineering 3231:Candidate of Sciences 2977:Aerospace engineering 2890:Engineering education 1669:four forces of flight 1450:John Wiley & Sons 1084:mathematical modeling 1082: – the study of 1066:spacecraft propulsion 1034: – the study of 995: – the study of 965: – the study of 933: 922: 900: 842: 682: 580:Aerospace engineering 472:Preflight engineering 204:Argument of periapsis 27:Branch of engineering 3837:Aircraft maintenance 3798:Software engineering 3768:Computer engineering 3301:Academic certificate 3193:Postgraduate diploma 2918:Graduate certificate 1991:on October 18, 2007. 1854:www.flugzeuginfo.net 1401:"Required Education" 1361:Space Power Facility 1155:Risk and reliability 771:Messerschmitt Me 262 763:Messerschmitt Bf 109 759:Supermarine Spitfire 631:atmospheric pressure 617:, the broader term " 528:Propulsive maneuvers 3778:Operations research 3763:Control engineering 3732:Joseph Francis Shea 3439:Systems engineering 3336:Professional degree 2903:Bachelor of Science 2745:Engineering physics 2729:Engineering drawing 2251:Interdisciplinarity 2168:Question and Answer 2150:on 23 February 2001 2065:The Daily Telegraph 1656:on 24 February 2014 1650:"Sir George Cayley" 1598:"Sir George Cayley" 1232:life support system 1193:equations of motion 1095:Aircraft structures 1080:Control engineering 1070:electric propulsion 1038:within engineering. 949:Radar cross-section 912:first stage at the 755:Mitsubishi A6M Zero 747:Farman F.60 Goliath 725:military aircraft. 675:History of aviation 659:structural analysis 505:Efficiency measures 408:Sphere of influence 377:Celestial mechanics 159:Part of a series on 32: 3788:Quality management 3783:Project management 3611:Function modelling 3534:System integration 3503:Safety engineering 3263:Doctor of Sciences 2505:Telecommunications 2410:Naval architecture 2173:2021-11-14 at the 2093:Neufeld, Michael. 1602:flyingmachines.org 1288:In popular culture 1226:, communications, 1224:aerospace bearings 1177:handling qualities 1119:, divergence, etc. 936: 928: 917: 845: 780:) and spacecraft ( 692: 324:Dynamical friction 118:Education required 63:Aerospace engineer 31:Aerospace engineer 3819: 3818: 3742:Manuela M. Veloso 3682:Wernher von Braun 3405: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3355:Specialist degree 3239: 3238: 3207:Engineer's degree 3164: 3163: 3151:Bachelor's degree 3119:Foundation degree 3053: 3052: 2982:Civil engineering 2928:Licensed engineer 2923:Engineer's degree 2875: 2874: 2707:Building services 2690:Health technology 2551:Chemical reaction 2500:Signal processing 2124:978-93-84389-16-1 1873:Zhang, Benjamin. 1628:. Britannica. n.d 1483:cite encyclopedia 1458:978-0-470-75440-5 1141:computer software 1101:Materials science 1032:Electrotechnology 997:orbital mechanics 902:Wernher von Braun 655:materials science 577: 576: 427:Lagrangian points 364:Vis-viva equation 334:Kepler's equation 181:Orbital mechanics 154: 153: 145:space exploration 123:Bachelor's degree 16:(Redirected from 3844: 3747:John N. Warfield 3717:Robert E. Machol 3646:Systems modeling 3641:Systems analysis 3580:System lifecycle 3565:Business process 3432: 3425: 3418: 3409: 3341:Graduate diploma 3258:Higher doctorate 3248: 3175: 3114:Associate degree 3101: 3080: 3073: 3066: 3057: 3043: 3033: 3032: 3023: 3022: 3013: 3012: 2883: 2470:Electromechanics 2256: 2209: 2202: 2195: 2186: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2102: 2101: 2090: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2077: 2061: 2053: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2043: 2028: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2018: 2009:. 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1149:ground control 1134: 1120: 1113:Aeroelasticity 1110: 1104: 1098: 1092: 1077: 1074:ion propulsion 1054:turbomachinery 1039: 1029: 1026:linear algebra 1011: 1001: 990: 960: 953:remote sensing 894: 891: 863:aircraft, the 856: 853: 826:Neil Armstrong 810:Sputnik crisis 793: 790: 730: 727: 712:fluid dynamics 670: 667: 647:air propulsion 626: 623: 602:engineering. 575: 574: 572: 571: 564: 557: 549: 546: 545: 542: 541: 536: 530: 527: 526: 523: 522: 519: 518: 513: 511:Gravity assist 507: 504: 503: 500: 499: 496: 495: 490: 485: 480: 474: 471: 470: 467: 466: 459: 456: 455: 452: 451: 446: 438: 437: 429: 425: 424: 419: 418: 415: 414: 411: 410: 405: 400: 395: 389: 386: 385: 382: 381: 374: 371: 370: 367: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 344:Orbital period 341: 336: 331: 326: 320: 317: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 306:Decaying orbit 303: 298: 293: 285: 284: 278: 271: 269:Transfer orbit 267: 266: 265: 263:Elliptic orbit 260: 258:Circular orbit 254: 245: 244: 241: 240: 237: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 195: 190: 189: 186: 185: 178: 175: 174: 166: 165: 161: 160: 152: 151: 134: 129: 126: 125: 120: 117: 114: 113: 106: 102: 101: 97: 96: 83: 80: 77: 76: 71: 68: 65: 64: 61: 57: 56: 52: 51: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3849: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3702:Barbara Grosz 3700: 3698: 3697:Wolt Fabrycky 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3672:Ruzena Bajcsy 3670: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3544:Design review 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 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2134: 2130: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2071: 2067: 2066: 2060: 2052: 2049: 2038:on 2015-06-22 2037: 2033: 2027: 2024: 2013:on 2015-11-09 2012: 2008: 2004: 1998: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1967: 1964: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1901: 1894: 1891: 1880: 1876: 1869: 1866: 1855: 1851: 1845: 1842: 1831: 1827: 1820: 1817: 1806:on 2010-11-18 1805: 1801: 1795: 1792: 1780: 1774: 1771: 1765: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1741: 1735: 1732: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1708: 1704: 1697: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1670: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1627: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1575:on 2006-05-09 1574: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1541: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1514: 1513: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1484: 1476: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1439: 1428:on 2015-06-22 1427: 1423: 1417: 1414: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1386: 1376: 1373: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 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713: 708: 706: 702: 697: 696:George Cayley 689: 685: 681: 676: 668: 666: 664: 663:manufacturing 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 624: 622: 620: 616: 611: 609: 605: 601: 600:astronautical 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 570: 565: 563: 558: 556: 551: 550: 548: 547: 540: 537: 535: 532: 531: 525: 524: 517: 516:Oberth effect 514: 512: 509: 508: 502: 501: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 469: 468: 464: 457: 450: 447: 445: 442: 441: 435: 431: 430: 428: 422: 421:N-body orbits 417: 416: 409: 406: 404: 403:Perturbations 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 390: 384: 383: 379: 372: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 321: 315: 314: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 288: 282: 279: 277: 273: 272: 270: 264: 261: 259: 256: 255: 249: 243: 242: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 224:Orbital nodes 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 196: 193: 188: 187: 183: 176: 172: 168: 167: 164:Astrodynamics 162: 158: 157: 150: 146: 142: 138: 135: 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Index

Aerospace Design

NASA
Apollo 13
Profession
Aeronautics
astronautics
science
glossary of aerospace engineering
Bachelor's degree
Technology
science
space exploration
military

Orbital mechanics
Orbital elements
Apsis
Argument of periapsis
Eccentricity
Inclination
Mean anomaly
Orbital nodes
Semi-major axis
True anomaly
two-body orbits
Circular orbit
Elliptic orbit
Transfer orbit
Hohmann transfer orbit

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