1126:. Instead of bombing the Peshawer runway, however, IAF bombers mistook the mall road in Peshawer as the runway and dropped their bombs there instead. The Canberras were intercepted by a Pakistani F-104 near Lahore, but evaded the Starfighter and returned home safely. They also encountered F-86 Sabres, one of which damaged the Canberras. A Pakistani F-86 Sabre crashed while making an evasive maneuver in an attempt to escape pursuit by a Gnat which was defending the Canberra bombers, and the PAF pilot was killed. The Gnat pilot, W/C Singh, was credited with an aerial victory for the incident near Amritsar. Pakistan acknowledged losing an F-86 Sabre and its pilot, S/L Allaudin "Butch" Ahmad, who was killed in action while leading four aeroplanes attacking an ammunition train near
1216:(over 1,000 km from Badin) and proceeded towards the radar complex at low altitude. About 80 miles (130 km) short of the target, one Canberra climbed to an altitude of 10,000 feet as a decoy before returning to base; the other five Canberras continued towards the target. The group then separated; four aircraft approached the target in two sections, two minutes apart, at low altitude before climbing to 7,000 feet. They made bombing runs, dropping about 10,000 lbs of explosives. Wilson then approached from the south at an altitude of 30 feet, firing a salvo of 68 mm rockets at the radar dome.
84:
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227:
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64:
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1242:, with information about his son's safety. When Khan offered to release his son immediately, Cariappa reportedly told him to treat his son no differently from any other POW: "He is my son no longer. He is the child of this country, a soldier fighting for his motherland like a true patriot. My many thanks for your kind gesture, but I request you to release all or release none. Give him no special treatment." A
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1049:(SSG) commandos at three Indian airfields (Halwara, Pathankot and Adampur) on 7 September. The attempt was an "unmitigated disaster". Only ten commandos returned to Pakistan, and the rest were prisoners of war (including a commander, Major Khalid Butt). The troops landed in residential areas of Halwara and Adampur, where villagers caught them and handed them over to police.
194:
1156:, who witnessed the dogfight. That day, a Pakistani Sabre shot down a civilian Indian aircraft after the civilian plane identified itself; the PAF pilot assumed that it was on a reconnaissance mission. Years later, the pilot wrote to the Indian pilot's daughter and apologized for shooting down the aircraft. The plane was carrying Gujarat Chief Minister
1106:) and six IAF planes – four Mysteres and two Gnats – with two 30 mm Aden cannons, led by F/L V. Kapila and F/L Harry Sidhu. Both IAF pilots said that their guns jammed. Both PAF pilots said that they shot and damaged one IAF aeroplane each. Same-day IAF records acknowledge losing one Mystere, with the pilot (
1056:. They lost two Mysteres and three Hunters to local PAF squadrons. One of the Indian Hunter pilots, who ejected near Sargodha, was taken prisoner and released after the war. One of the crippled Mysteres was involved in a dogfight with a Starfighter, shooting each other down. The Pakistani pilot ejected; S/L
1424:
The US imposed a 10-year arms embargo on both sides as a result of the 1965 war. This had no effect on India (which looked to
Britain, France and the Soviet Union for arms) but was disastrous for Pakistan, which was limited to 90 obsolete, second-hand Sabres from Iran, 28 Mirage IIIs from France, and
907:
after Sikand thought he had safely crossed the border. After realising his mistake, Sikand's takeoff attempt was aborted due to a
Pakistan Army jeep on the runway; he was taken prisoner, and later handed over to the PAF. A Starfighter flown by F/L Hakimullah Khan at supersonic speed was credited with
742:
engaged in large-scale aerial combat for the first time. In the air war, which took place in
September, both air forces conducted thousands of defensive and offensive sorties over Indian and Pakistani airspace. Both India and Pakistan claimed victory in the air war; Pakistan claimed to have destroyed
1113:
On 13 September, another encounter took place between PAF Sabres from
Sargodha and IAF Gnats from the No. 2 Squadron. An Indian Gnat was shot down by a PAF F-86 Sabre flown by F/L Yusaf Ali Khan, but the Indian pilot ejected safely. The other Gnat was damaged in combat by F/L Imtiaz Bhatti. Although
862:
from front-line service. Although India's use of fixed-winged
Vampires was later criticized, eight of the 12 Vampires successfully completed their tasks; 14 Mysteres returned unscathed, and the IAF claimed success in slowing the Pakistan Army's momentum. Both sides supported their ground forces on 2
846:
of No. 15 Squadron) to intercept. In the ensuing dogfight over Chhamb, where
Rafiqui took on the flight leader and wingman and Bhatti went after the element leader and element wingman, the IAF lost all four of its Vampires; they were flown by Squadron Leader Aspi Kekobad Bhagwagar (flight leader),
1118:. Khan was credited with a kill; Bhatti was credited with damaging the IAF Gnat, despite later confirmation that the injured pilot and the Gnat crash-landed. Later on the night of 13/14 September, Indian Canberras made the war's deepest penetration into Pakistani airspace and attacked bases near
1339:
said that despite being inferior in quality, his air force achieved air superiority in three days. Kenneth
Werrell wrote that the PAF "did well in the conflict and probably had the edge". When the war began, it had about 100 F-86s; India had five times the number of more-modern combat aircraft.
1413:; Pakistani forces did not realize how much they relied on full ground-based defensive radar coverage and an adequate supply of air-to-air missiles. India established a modern early warning radar system with Soviet aid, including the recently introduced Fansong-E low-level radar linked to the
1327:
One factor which makes it difficult to determine the outcome of the 1965 air war is the number of planes lost in the air versus those lost on the ground due to bombing. Up to 60 percent of Indian aircraft losses occurred on the ground during the attacks on
Kalaikkunda and
1323:
Each side made conflicting claims. Pakistani sources said that Indian losses ranged from 59 to 110, and
Pakistani losses ranged from 18 to 43. According to Indian sources, the Indian Air Force's aircraft-attrition rate (1.5%) was lower than that of the PAF (1.82%).
1030:. Two Indian Hunters were lost in air combat. Both Indian pilots survived, ejecting over their base, but both Pakistani pilots (including Rafiqui) were killed. Rafiqui had shot down two Vampires and the first of the Hunters, posthumously receiving the
874:; India used Mysteres flying at slow speed as bait to lure the Sabres to attack, and the waiting Gnats would take them on. Two Sabres were scrambled, but one had to turn back when the pilot could not jettison its fuel tanks. The other, flown by F/L
847:
Flight
Lieutenant Vijay Madhav Joshi (element leader), Flight Lieutenant Satish Bharadwaj (element wingman) and Flight Lieutenant (later Group Captain) Shrikrishna Vishnu Phatak (wingman). Both Pakistani pilots claimed two aircraft kills each.
882:
in the area was sent to the dogfight, and another one was scrambled from the base. The first Starfighter passed through the dogfight at supersonic speed; the Gnats, after scoring a kill, began to leave. IAF Squadron Leader
1797:
Since the partition of British India in mid-1947, India and Pakistan have fought 'three-and-a-half' wars with each other. Within months of partition, the first war over Kashmir took place (26 October 1947 – 1 January
751:
The war began in early August 1965, and fighting was initially confined mainly to the ground. As hostilities progressed, however, both sides began air operations. Although India and Pakistan had fought in the
958:
in one minute; Alam claimed victory over four in 30 seconds. His claim was contested by the IAF, which denied losing five Hawker Hunter aircraft that day; several experts, including retired PAF Air Commodore
3861:
764:, re-supply and troop transport. One Indian fighter aircraft had intercepted a Pakistani transport in the earlier war, but there was no significant air-to-air combat. During the 1965 conflict, however, the
395:
1090:
The war then lessened in intensity, with occasional clashes between the IAF and the PAF. Both air forces changed their strategy from air interdiction to ground attack and concentrated their efforts on
3856:
1257:
828:. Twenty-eight aircraft (12 Vampires and 16 Mysteres) were used, and the first planes took off at 17:19 hours. The planes flew in formation and strafed Pakistani tanks and ground targets, although
1137:
On 16 September, an IAF Hunter and a PAF F-86 Sabre were shot down over Halwara. The IAF pilot was killed, but the Pakistani pilot ejected and spent the rest of the war as a POW. A Pakistani
2523:
It is tactically and mathematically very difficult to resurrect the incident in which all five Hunters in a hard turn were claimed to have been shot down in a 270-degree turn in 23 seconds.
573:
3381:
878:, spotted the IAF planes and tried positioning himself behind them before attacking. As Khan got them in his cross-hairs, however, he was surrounded by a group of Gnats under attack. A
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for surviving the dogfight against six Gnats and bringing the damaged Sabre back home. An IAF Gnat pilot was overheard warning others of the incoming Starfighter. A Gnat flown by S/L
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engaged three PAF Sabres. Cooke shot one down and damaged a second; out of ammunition, he chased away the third Sabre (which was shot down by his wingman). On 8 September, an Indian
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its pilot returned to the base, All India Radio said that he died of injuries sustained during combat. After he reportedly died on landing, his funeral was attended by the
1167:, the brother of Trevor Keelor, who was credited with the first Indian aerial victory of the war. The following day, another two Hunters and an F-86 Sabre were lost over
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after the 220th Squadron was merged into it, was commanded by S. K. "Marshal" Dhar. Group Captain Roshan Suri painted a grim picture of the Indian Army's position at
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381:
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1234:(the Indian Army's first commander-in-chief) was shot down by anti-aircraft fire; he ejected, and became a POW. Identifying the wounded soldier at Kargil,
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2417:
627:
1340:
Pakistan had a "decade's experience with the Sabre", however, and experienced pilots. India and Pakistan made disputed claims of losses in the air war.
1018:. The IAF lost almost ten aircraft on the ground at Pathankot, but the attacks on Adampur and Halwara were unsuccessful. The Adampur strike, led by S/L
686:
671:
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3036:
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1954:
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104 Indian aircraft and lost 19, and India claimed to have destroyed 73 Pakistani aircraft and lost 35 of its own. The air war ended in a stalemate.
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squadrons played a significant role in major air battles. On 21 September, IAF Canberras made a daylight strike in Pakistan on the radar complex in
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74 maintenance-intensive Shenyang F-6s. It could not replace losses to its (already weak) force of B-57s or acquire realistic numbers of modern
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788:
The aerial phase of the war began on 1 September 1965, when the Indian Air Force (IAF) responded to an urgent call for air strikes against the
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3626:
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1819:
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1410:
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On 4 September, an F-86 Sabre was lost. The PAF said that the cause was friendly ground fire, but the IAF said that they shot it down.
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708:
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before we had completed more than about 270 degree of the turn, at around 12 degree per second, all four Hunters had been shot down.
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1310:
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was also later reported. When the Indian aircraft were sighted, the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) scrambled two F-86 Sabres (flown by
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announced the capture of the younger Cariappa. General Ayub Khan contacted General Cariappa, who was retired in his hometown of
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2102:
2128:
83:
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3511:
3404:
1421:. By December 1971, the IAF had 36 squadrons (10 of which were deployed in the Bengal sector) and about 650 combat aircraft.
524:
467:
3308:
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claimed to have shot down an F-86 Sabre on 3 September for the IAF's first air-combat victory of the war, and received the
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3551:
2708:
2210:
3798:
3740:
3516:
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1975:
1916:
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1209:
1201:
888:
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3636:
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reportedly shot down seven Indian aircraft (two of which were "probable". During a sortie on 7 September, five IAF
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731:
612:
607:
406:
41:
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3661:
1446:
1095:
644:
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808:. The IAF's 45th Squadron was tasked with close air support of Indian troops. The squadron, recently moved from
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in 1947, that war was more limited in scale than the 1965 conflict; air operations had been largely confined to
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3097:
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649:
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2800:
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On 19 September, a Gnat and two Sabres were shot down over Chawinda. One of the Sabres was credited to S/L
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Bhatti had 34 combat missions, the most flown by any pilot during the war. According to Pakistani sources,
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3836:
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35-59 aircraft lost Thirteen IAF aircraft lost in accidents, and three Indian civilian aircraft shot down
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17:
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3432:
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1418:
1228:
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947:
430:
98:
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Pakistani Sabre shot down in combat by an Indian Gnat in September 1965, seen from the Indian aircraft
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2500:
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1932:
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1115:
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D. P. Chinoy safely ejecting in Pakistan during the evening and walking back to safety at night.
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757:
498:
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282:
105:
3428:
3180:
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missile was fired against an unidentified target believed to have been on a night mission above
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3006:
2980:"Chronological Listing of Indian Air Force, Naval Air Force and related Losses & Ejections"
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1763:
1750:
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1815:
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1609:
1603:
1568:
1562:
1535:
1476:
1027:
975:
840:
231:
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1782:
The United Nations Security Council and War: The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945
1727:
1720:
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3713:
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1157:
859:
769:
735:
617:
596:
503:
435:
269:
118:
54:
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59 IAF, 43 PAF. Indian sources claim an additional 13 IAF aircraft were lost in accidents.
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3126:
2194:
1142:
1061:
955:
836:
833:
483:
63:
3261:"1965 war: We achieved air superiority in three days, says Air Force Marshal Arjan Singh"
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raided several Pakistani bases. A 10 September battle involved eight aeroplanes over the
1052:
That day, the IAF mounted 33 sorties against the heavily guarded PAF airfield complex at
2300:
3157:
2748:
2587:
1865:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1186:
1107:
1039:
1031:
1023:
928:, who evaluated its flight performance and downplayed its effectiveness in a dogfight.
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529:
249:
160:
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3850:
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3578:
1164:
1103:
1035:
951:
884:
843:
829:
2106:
1955:"1965 India-Pakistan war: How IAF's heroes slayed PAF's superior Sabre fighter jets"
1917:
https://idsa.in/system/files/jds/jds_9_3_2015_AirPowerinthe1965IndoPakistanWar_0.pdf
1196:
At one point, the IAF was operating 200 air missions simultaneously. Gnats from the
2218:
2136:
1292:
1182:." The Gnat is credited by independent and Indian sources with shooting down seven
1179:
1175:
987:
960:
939:
867:
761:
2353:"Re-birth of Pakistan's Record-holder Air Fighter as a New Man: Mohmammad M. Alam"
2062:
2040:
2018:
1996:
3353:, edited by Chris Bishop (Amber Publishing 1997, republished 2004, pages 384–387
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2952:
2323:
2241:
1780:
1470:
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2643:
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995:
970:
246:
234:
74:
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1414:
1099:
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1019:
979:
964:
892:
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622:
145:
112:
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Group Captain Cecil Chaudhry, SJ – Chowk: India Pakistan Ideas Identities.com
895:; however, the Sabre made it back to the base. Its pilot, Khan, received the
373:
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2374:
1329:
1243:
1127:
1080:
1007:
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sector. That evening, the PAF responded with attacks on Indian airfields at
871:
813:
3279:
Sabres Over MiG Alley: The F-86 and the Battle for Air Superiority in Korea
551:
1148:
On 18 September, a Sabre was shot down by a Gnat over Amritsar piloted by
2797:"One Vs Four : The complete story of Alfred Cooke's epic air combat"
1409:
The 1965 war led India to refine its tactics, which were decisive in the
1239:
1220:
1219:
That day, a PAF F-104 intercepted a Canberra bomber on its way back from
1183:
1131:
1119:
1053:
921:
212:
934:
1779:
Vaughan Lowe; Adam Roberts; Jennifer Welsh; Dominik Zaum, eds. (2010).
1094:, supply lines, wagons carrying ammunition, and armoured vehicles. IAF
1015:
1011:
913:
817:
1713:
1711:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1022:, turned back before reaching Adampur; the Halwara strike, led by S/L
1475:(illustrated ed.). Turner Publishing Company. pp. 163–164.
1138:
999:
917:
904:
2274:
2502:
Flight of the Falcon- Demolishing Myths of Indo Pak Wars 1965-1971
2433:"Falcon down: Why Pakistan is desperate to fake the F-16 dogfight"
1608:(illustrated, reprint ed.). PublicAffairs. pp. 286–287.
1205:
1168:
1123:
1084:
969:
967:
footage of Alam's kills was made public by Pakistani authorities.
933:
849:
825:
805:
779:
199:
2540:
Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations, 1950–1972
1213:
963:, also discredited Alam's claim about the sortie. No verifiable
809:
3400:
555:
377:
2211:"PAF Falcons – The Glorious Seventeen Days September 1965 War"
2129:"PAF Falcons – The Glorious Seventeen Days September 1965 War"
1261:
1258:
List of aerial victories during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
3212:
Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers
1102:: two PAF F-86 Sabres (flown by S/L Muniruddin Ahmad and F/L
1726:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp.
3325:
Singh, Pushpindar; Rikhye, Ravi; Steinemann, Peter (1991),
2856:"The S-75 Dvina-India's first surface to air guided weapon"
854:
Wreckage of an IAF Vampire shot down by the PAF over Chhamb
3037:"Fighter pilot says sorry to daughter of man he shot down"
820:
and the Pakistan Army's armoured thrust at Chhamb, on the
908:
forcing the Gnat down, and the Gnat is on display at the
3862:
Aerial operations and battles of the Indo-Pakistani wars
3120:"Indian Air Force Combat Kills, Indo Pakistan War 1965."
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
1208:. Under Wing Commander Peter Wilson, six Canberras from
863:
September, but no major aerial engagement was observed.
1976:"Air Power in the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War An Assessment"
2299:. Defencejournal.com. 6 September 1965. Archived from
3857:
Military operations of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
2505:. Lahore, Pakistan: Vanguard Books Pvt Ltd. pp.
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1528:
Asymmetric Conflicts: War Initiation by Weaker Powers
1764:"The 1965 India-Pakistan War: IAF's Ground Reality".
1045:
According to Indian sources, the PAF parachuted 135
3789:
3754:
3733:
3696:
3675:
3649:
3604:
3571:
3532:
3504:
3448:
3315:. Chowk (9 December 2007). Retrieved on 2011-04-14.
1929:"Air Attack - Outbreak of the War (Sept 1st - 6th)"
1896:"The 1965 India-Pakistan War: IAF's Ground Reality"
1145:observation aircraft were also shot down that day.
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
1719:
2105:. Defence Journal. September 1998. Archived from
3063:"Pak pilot says sorry for 1965 downing of plane"
3031:
3029:
858:The IAF withdrew about 130 Vampires and over 50
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
34:
2930:. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 107.
2771:"Indian Defence Awards : Maha Vir Chakra"
2586:. Air Combat Information Group. Archived from
2265:
2263:
1864:. Air Combat Information Group. Archived from
903:mistakenly landed at an abandoned airstrip in
3412:
796:. The IAF quickly launched 26 aeroplanes (12
655:1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown
567:
389:
8:
3351:The Encyclopedia of 20th Century Air Warfare
2464:by Jon Guttman, Aviation History, Sept 1998.
1753:. Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved on 2011-04-14.
804:) to blunt the Pakistan Army's offensive in
3374:1965, IAF Claimed its First Air-to-Air Kill
2387:. Smithsonian Institution. pp. 66–68.
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1835:Harkavy, Robert; Neuman, Stephanie (2001).
1246:was declared on the night of 22 September.
3751:
3693:
3601:
3501:
3419:
3405:
3397:
3272:
3270:
3005:Jagan Mohan, P.V.S; Chopra, Samir (2005).
2898:Jagan Mohan, P.V.S; Chopra, Samir (2005).
2668:
2666:
2664:
1983:Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses
1814:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 805–806.
1291:. Please do not remove this message until
574:
560:
552:
419:
396:
382:
374:
31:
3328:Fiza'ya: psyche of the Pakistan Air Force
3151:
3149:
3147:
2476:Fiza ya, Psyche of the Pakistan Air Force
2063:"Group Captain Shrlkrishna Vishnu Phatak"
1311:Learn how and when to remove this message
1193:; two Gnats were downed by PAF fighters.
954:aircraft were shot down by Alam over the
27:Armed conflict between India and Pakistan
18:Aerial warfare in 1965 India Pakistan War
3182:Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965
2954:Battle for Pakistan: The Air War of 1965
2749:"Indian Air-to-Air Victories since 1948"
2612:Marshal Arjan Singh, DFC: life and times
2325:Battle for Pakistan: the air war of 1965
2243:Great Air Battles for Pakistan Air Force
1997:"Squadron Leader Aspi Kekobad Bhagwagar"
1688:
1686:
1684:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1469:Coggins, Edward V.; Coggins, Ed (2000).
1342:
1287:Relevant discussion may be found on the
866:The PAF's Sabres forced the IAF to send
2420:from the original on 27 September 2020.
2271:"PAKISTAN AIR FORCE – Official website"
1567:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 806–.
1461:
1438:
516:
475:
445:
422:
3491:Cabinet Committee on National Security
3485:National Assembly Committee on Defence
3158:"The Kashmir War, 1965: Raid on Badin"
2019:"Flight Lieutenant Vijay Madhav Joshi"
1521:
1519:
1060:was killed, and received a posthumous
2537:Bowman, Martin W. (30 January 2016).
1970:
1968:
7:
2679:. Lancer Publishers. pp. 138–.
2644:"The 1965 War: A view from the east"
2041:"Flight Lieutenant Satish Bharadwaj"
1812:Encyclopedia of the Developing World
1564:Encyclopedia of the developing world
1174:The F-86 was vulnerable against the
1839:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 181.
1663:"Indian Air Force Losses -1965 War"
1630:"Official History of IAF in 65 War"
1223:and shot it down. Hunter pilot F/L
1152:; the incident was reported by the
1067:During the 7 September PAF raid on
768:flew a total of 2,364 sorties; the
3008:The India-Pakistan air war of 1965
2928:F-86 Sabre: the operational record
2901:The India-Pakistan air war of 1965
2824:The India-Pakistan Air War of 1965
2408:Koshy, Rakesh (15 February 2014).
25:
3331:, Society for Aerospace Studies,
2443:from the original on 8 April 2019
2431:Krishnan, Rakesh (7 April 2019).
2355:. Yespakistan.com. Archived from
2103:"SQN LDR SARFARAZ AHMED RIAFIQUI"
1693:Osama, Athar (7 September 2007).
35:Indo-Pakistani aerial war of 1965
3820:
3819:
3427:
3094:"Sabre Killers: Keelor Brothers"
3069:. 10 August 2011. Archived from
2584:"Pakistani Air-to-Air Victories"
2165:Air Commodore M. Kaiser Tufail.
1898:. The Sunday Tribune, 6 May 2007
1266:
870:fighters to the forward base at
275:
262:
240:
225:
205:
192:
82:
73:
62:
53:
3239:. APH Publishing. p. 185.
3237:Air Power and Challenges to IAF
2478:. Himalayan Books. p. 30.
2297:"Alam's Speed-shooting Classic"
1862:"Indo-Pakistani War, 1947–1949"
3667:Strategic Plans Division Force
3160:. Air Combat Information Group
2982:. October 2013. Archived from
2874:"IAF defeated PAF in 1965 War"
2751:. Air Combat Information Group
2709:"IAF defeated PAF in 1965 War"
2410:"Thirty Seconds over Sargodha"
2384:Air Warfare in the Missile Age
1722:Air Warfare in the Missile Age
1695:"1965 War: A Different Legacy"
1034:for the Chhamb action and the
108:F-86F Sabres returning to base
1:
2707:Tiwary, Air Vice Marshal AK.
2246:. Deadly Stroke: Ferozesons.
2087:. August 2012. Archived from
1751:The Sunday Tribune – Spectrum
1526:Paul, T. V. (10 March 1994),
1417:system and a large number of
3442:Military history of Pakistan
3376:documentary published by IAF
2615:. Ocean Books. p. 175.
2273:. Paf.gov.pk. Archived from
1602:Creveld, Martin Van (2012).
1502:"Indo-Pakistani War of 1965"
1026:, was impossible due to IAF
3481:Senate Committee on Defence
2673:Pratap Chandra Lal (1986).
2200:Retrieved: 4 November 2010.
2085:"Tank Busting In The Chamb"
1837:Warfare and the Third World
1561:Leonard, Thomas M. (2006).
1293:conditions to do so are met
1042:returned from the pursuit.
1002:to relieve pressure on the
3883:
3741:Pakistani Defence Industry
3627:National Command Authority
3469:Prime Minister of Pakistan
3132:Retrieved 4 November 2010.
2474:Singh, Pushpindar (1991).
1532:Cambridge University Press
1447:North American F-86 Sabres
1255:
1096:English Electric Canberras
880:Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
839:of the No. 5 Squadron and
732:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
408:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
334:110-113 aircraft destroyed
136:August – 23 September 1965
42:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
3817:
3746:Defence Housing Authority
3496:National Security Council
3439:
3277:Werrell, Kenneth (2013).
2499:Haider, Sajad S. (2009).
2240:Tufail, M.Kaiser (2008).
974:Smoke rises from India's
910:Pakistan Air Force Museum
645:Bangladesh Liberation War
593:
417:
301:
288:
255:
218:
185:
128:
101:poses with his F-86 Sabre
47:
39:
2926:Jackson, Robert (1994).
2381:Nordeen, Lon O. (2010).
1810:Leonard, Thomas (2006).
1718:O' Nordeen, Lon (1985).
585:Indo-Pakistani conflicts
366:43-73 aircraft destroyed
93:Clockwise from top left:
2827:. Manohar Books. 2005.
2713:Vol 22.1 Jan – Mar 2007
650:1959 Canberra shootdown
3683:Awards and decorations
3179:Fricker, John (1979).
2951:Fricker, John (1979).
2525:
2322:Fricker, John (1979).
2188:"1965 War, Chapter 3."
1894:Singh, Jasjit (2007).
1449:with Canadian engines.
1047:Special Services Group
998:crossed the border at
991:
943:
855:
785:
219:Commanders and leaders
175:Status quo ante bellum
3534:Joint Chiefs of Staff
3459:President of Pakistan
3433:Pakistan Armed Forces
3283:Naval Institute Press
2878:Indian Defence Review
2676:My years with the IAF
2609:Ranbir Singh (2002).
2521:
1504:. Global Security.org
1150:Amar Jit Singh Sandhu
1092:soft-skinned vehicles
973:
948:Muhammad Mahmood Alam
937:
901:Brij Pal Singh Sikand
853:
798:de Havilland Vampires
783:
431:Operation Desert Hawk
302:Casualties and losses
3557:Chief of Naval Staff
3382:"Indo-Pakistan Wars"
3214:. SAGE. p. 45.
3100:on 27 September 2007
2462:Pakistan's Sabre Ace
2303:on 27 September 2011
2221:on 26 September 2012
2065:. Bharat-Rakshak.com
2043:. Bharat-Rakshak.com
2021:. Bharat-Rakshak.com
1999:. Bharat-Rakshak.com
1669:on 27 September 2013
1642:on 29 September 2012
1356:Independent sources
994:On 6 September, the
916:. It was flown from
802:Dassault Mystère IVs
794:Operation Grand Slam
772:flew 3,937 sorties.
756:, shortly after the
740:Pakistani Air Forces
537:Tashkent Declaration
157:Tashkent Declaration
3809:Bangladesh genocide
3777:Shaheen (Air Force)
3547:Chief of Army Staff
3455:Commander-in-Chief
3311:11 May 2005 at the
3141:Spick 2002, p. 161.
2986:on 22 December 2008
2590:on 21 December 2012
2359:on 17 November 2011
2198:bharat-rakshak.com.
2193:6 July 2013 at the
2167:"Run... It's a 104"
2109:on 9 September 2015
1961:. 6 September 2019.
1660:Bharat-Rakshak.com
1605:The Age of Airpower
1344:
1280:of this section is
163:-mandated ceasefire
3734:Business interests
3697:Ranks and insignia
3657:Civil Armed Forces
3552:Chief of Air Staff
3524:Defence Production
3235:Khan, J A (2004).
3208:Singh, Vijay Kumar
3125:2006-11-05 at the
3041:The Independent UK
2277:on 13 October 2011
2091:on 5 January 2013.
1767:The Sunday Tribune
1472:Wings That Stay on
1419:anit-aircraft guns
1384:20 PAF, 60–75 IAF
1343:
1154:District Collector
1116:president of India
1058:Ajamada B. Devayya
992:
944:
856:
786:
766:Pakistan Air Force
758:partition of India
283:Pakistan Air Force
3844:
3843:
3785:
3784:
3729:
3728:
3645:
3644:
3637:Armed Forces Band
3567:
3566:
3338:978-81-7002-038-7
3292:978-1-61251-344-7
3263:. 4 October 2015.
3246:978-81-7648-593-7
3221:978-0-7619-3322-9
3118:Rakshak, Bharat.
3092:Lalwani, Ramesh.
3073:on 19 August 2011
3018:978-81-7304-641-4
2957:. Ian Allan Ltd.
2911:978-81-7304-641-4
2686:978-81-7062-008-2
2622:978-81-88322-04-6
2550:978-1-4738-7462-6
2543:. Pen and Sword.
2394:978-1-58834-282-9
2177:on 19 March 2007.
1846:978-0-312-24012-7
1821:978-0-415-97663-3
1737:978-0-87474-680-8
1574:978-0-415-97663-3
1541:978-0-521-46621-9
1402:
1401:
1392:17 (+ 3 postwar)
1389:Aerial victories
1353:Pakistani claims
1321:
1320:
1313:
1038:for Halwara. F/L
1028:combat air patrol
976:Pathankot airbase
942:at the PAF Museum
792:(which had begun
754:First Kashmir War
727:
726:
661:Border skirmishes
549:
548:
544:
543:
372:
371:
181:
180:
16:(Redirected from
3874:
3823:
3822:
3752:
3694:
3617:Public Relations
3602:
3502:
3465:Chief Executive
3431:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3398:
3393:
3388:, archived from
3380:Ganguly, Sumit,
3362:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3322:
3316:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3274:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3153:
3142:
3139:
3133:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3096:. Archived from
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3043:. 12 August 2011
3033:
3024:
3022:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2803:on 22 April 2017
2799:. Archived from
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2773:. Archived from
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2745:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2670:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2555:
2554:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2217:. Archived from
2207:
2201:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2173:. Archived from
2162:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2135:. Archived from
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1931:. Archived from
1925:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1776:
1770:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1725:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1690:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1665:. Archived from
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1635:. Archived from
1634:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1558:
1545:
1544:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1498:
1487:
1486:
1466:
1450:
1443:
1381:19 PAF, 104 IAF
1345:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1270:
1269:
1262:
956:Sargodha airbase
770:Indian Air Force
628:2001–02 standoff
618:Siachen conflict
597:Kashmir conflict
588:
586:
576:
569:
562:
553:
420:
412:
411:
409:
398:
391:
384:
375:
356:19 aircraft lost
281:
279:
278:
270:Indian Air Force
268:
266:
265:
245:
244:
243:
230:
229:
228:
211:
209:
208:
198:
196:
195:
130:
129:
121:Folland Gnat F.1
86:
77:
66:
57:
32:
21:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3813:
3781:
3750:
3725:
3692:
3671:
3641:
3632:Nursing Service
3622:Selection Board
3600:
3563:
3528:
3500:
3444:
3435:
3425:
3379:
3370:
3365:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3313:Wayback Machine
3304:
3300:
3293:
3285:. p. 188.
3276:
3275:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3193:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3156:Gupta, Aditya.
3155:
3154:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3127:Wayback Machine
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2965:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2912:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2672:
2671:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2558:
2551:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2517:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2380:
2379:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2195:Wayback Machine
2186:
2182:
2164:
2163:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1868:on 13 June 2006
1859:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1793:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1762:Singh, Jasjit.
1761:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1560:
1559:
1548:
1542:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1483:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1407:
1364:4,073+ sorties
1317:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1286:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1210:No. 16 Squadron
1187:Canadair Sabres
1062:Maha Vir Chakra
984:No. 19 Squadron
889:No. 23 Squadron
837:Sarfraz Rafiqui
778:
749:
728:
723:
639:Other conflicts
589:
584:
582:
580:
550:
545:
413:
407:
405:
404:
402:
351:Pakistani claim
329:Pakistani claim
276:
274:
263:
261:
241:
239:
226:
224:
206:
204:
193:
191:
169:
148:
124:
91:
90:
89:
88:
87:
79:
78:
69:
68:
67:
59:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3880:
3878:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3849:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3662:National Guard
3659:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3605:Inter-Services
3599:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3508:
3506:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:on 24 May 2024
3377:
3369:
3368:External links
3366:
3364:
3363:
3343:
3337:
3317:
3298:
3291:
3266:
3252:
3245:
3227:
3220:
3199:
3191:
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3143:
3134:
3111:
3084:
3054:
3025:
3017:
2997:
2971:
2963:
2943:
2936:
2918:
2910:
2890:
2865:
2860:Bharat rakshak
2847:
2833:
2814:
2788:
2762:
2725:
2699:
2685:
2660:
2635:
2621:
2601:
2556:
2549:
2529:
2515:
2491:
2484:
2466:
2454:
2437:Business Today
2423:
2414:Bharat Rakshak
2400:
2393:
2370:
2344:
2334:
2314:
2288:
2259:
2252:
2232:
2215:paffalcons.com
2202:
2180:
2150:
2139:on 5 June 2012
2133:paffalcons.com
2120:
2094:
2076:
2054:
2032:
2010:
1988:
1964:
1946:
1935:on 6 July 2013
1920:
1909:
1879:
1852:
1845:
1827:
1820:
1802:
1791:
1771:
1755:
1743:
1736:
1707:
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1587:
1573:
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1540:
1515:
1488:
1481:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1445:Licence-built
1437:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1415:SA-2 Guideline
1406:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:Aircraft lost
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:2,279 sorties
1365:
1362:
1361:Combat flying
1358:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:Indian claims
1348:
1319:
1318:
1274:
1272:
1265:
1251:
1248:
1236:Radio Pakistan
1232:K. M. Cariappa
1225:K. C. Cariappa
1212:took off from
1040:Cecil Chaudhry
1032:Sitara-e-Jurat
1024:Sarfraz Rafiqi
897:Sitara-e-Jurat
876:Yusaf Ali Khan
790:Pakistani Army
777:
774:
748:
745:
725:
724:
722:
721:
716:
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700:
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689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
658:
657:
652:
647:
636:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
603:War of 1947–48
594:
591:
590:
581:
579:
578:
571:
564:
556:
547:
546:
542:
541:
540:
539:
534:
533:
532:
530:8-Pass Charlie
519:
518:
514:
513:
512:
511:
506:
501:
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491:
486:
478:
477:
473:
472:
471:
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403:
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393:
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370:
369:
368:
367:
358:
357:
348:
347:
337:
336:
335:
326:
325:
316:
315:
314:60–75 aircraft
304:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
286:
285:
272:
258:
257:
256:Units involved
253:
252:
237:
221:
220:
216:
215:
202:
188:
187:
183:
182:
179:
178:
171:
165:
164:
161:United Nations
154:
150:
149:
144:
142:
138:
137:
134:
126:
125:
123:
122:
116:
111:Commemorative
109:
102:
95:
81:
80:
72:
71:
70:
61:
60:
52:
51:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3879:
3868:
3867:Air campaigns
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Establishment
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3772:Bahria (Navy)
3770:
3768:
3767:Askari (Army)
3765:
3763:
3762:Fauji (Joint)
3760:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
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3422:
3417:
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3410:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3399:
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3387:
3383:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3359:1-904687-26-1
3356:
3352:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3302:
3299:
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3288:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3271:
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3256:
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3248:
3242:
3238:
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3223:
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3200:
3194:
3192:9788173046414
3188:
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3175:
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3159:
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3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3099:
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3088:
3085:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3023:pages=257–259
3020:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3001:
2998:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2966:
2964:9780711009295
2960:
2956:
2955:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2937:9781560985310
2933:
2929:
2922:
2919:
2916:pages=240–241
2913:
2907:
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2891:
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2869:
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2836:
2834:9788173046414
2830:
2826:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2777:on 2 May 2009
2776:
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2530:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2516:9789694025261
2512:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2485:81-7002-038-7
2481:
2477:
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2335:9780711009295
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2253:9789690018922
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2159:
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2108:
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2098:
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2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2020:
2014:
2011:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1867:
1863:
1860:Cooper, Tom.
1856:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1792:9780191614934
1788:
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1775:
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1769:, 6 May 2007.
1768:
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1615:9781610391085
1611:
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1482:9781563115684
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1233:
1230:
1229:Field Marshal
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:, nicknamed "
1177:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:Denzil Keelor
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:Imtiaz Bhatti
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:, Indian F/L
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:Hilal-i-Jurat
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:Chamb Jaurian
1001:
997:
989:
985:
982:by the PAF's
981:
977:
972:
968:
966:
962:
957:
953:
952:Hawker Hunter
949:
941:
936:
932:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
885:Trevor Keelor
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
861:
852:
848:
845:
844:Imtiaz Bhatti
842:
838:
835:
831:
830:friendly fire
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
782:
775:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
746:
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741:
737:
733:
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664:
663:
662:
656:
653:
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648:
646:
643:
642:
641:
640:
634:
633:2008 standoff
631:
629:
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619:
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531:
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502:
500:
497:
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492:
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487:
485:
482:
481:
480:
479:
474:
469:
468:Haji Pir Pass
466:
464:
463:
459:
457:
456:
452:
451:
450:
449:
446:Kashmir Front
444:
439:
438:
434:
432:
429:
428:
427:
426:
421:
416:
410:
399:
394:
392:
387:
385:
380:
379:
376:
365:
364:
363:
362:
355:
354:
353:
352:
345:
344:
343:
342:
341:Neutral claim
338:
333:
332:
331:
330:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:Indian claims
313:
312:
311:
310:
309:Neutral claim
306:
305:
300:
296:
294:700+ aircraft
293:
292:
287:
284:
273:
271:
260:
259:
254:
251:
248:
238:
236:
233:
223:
222:
217:
214:
203:
201:
190:
189:
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177:
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127:
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117:
114:
110:
107:
104:Formation of
103:
100:
97:
96:
94:
85:
76:
65:
56:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3804:Gang of Four
3650:Paramilitary
3612:Intelligence
3390:the original
3385:
3350:
3346:
3327:
3320:
3301:
3278:
3255:
3236:
3230:
3211:
3202:
3185:. I. Allan.
3181:
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3137:
3129:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:the original
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3071:the original
3066:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3040:
3007:
3000:
2988:. Retrieved
2984:the original
2974:
2953:
2946:
2927:
2921:
2900:
2893:
2883:17 September
2881:. Retrieved
2877:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2823:
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2801:the original
2791:
2779:. Retrieved
2775:the original
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2716:. Retrieved
2712:
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2675:
2651:. Retrieved
2647:
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2611:
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2588:the original
2539:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2501:
2494:
2475:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2436:
2426:
2413:
2403:
2383:
2361:. Retrieved
2357:the original
2347:
2339:
2328:. I. Allan.
2324:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2301:the original
2291:
2279:. Retrieved
2275:the original
2242:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2214:
2205:
2197:
2183:
2175:the original
2170:
2141:. Retrieved
2137:the original
2132:
2123:
2113:10 September
2111:. Retrieved
2107:the original
2097:
2089:the original
2079:
2069:21 September
2067:. Retrieved
2057:
2047:21 September
2045:. Retrieved
2035:
2025:21 September
2023:. Retrieved
2013:
2003:21 September
2001:. Retrieved
1991:
1982:
1958:
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:the original
1923:
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1870:. Retrieved
1866:the original
1855:
1836:
1830:
1811:
1805:
1796:
1781:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1746:
1721:
1698:. Retrieved
1671:. Retrieved
1667:the original
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1637:the original
1624:
1604:
1578:. Retrieved
1563:
1527:
1506:. Retrieved
1471:
1464:
1441:
1427:interceptors
1423:
1408:
1335:IAF Marshal
1334:
1326:
1322:
1307:
1298:
1276:
1253:
1218:
1195:
1180:Sabre Slayer
1176:Folland Gnat
1173:
1171:, Pakistan.
1162:
1147:
1136:
1112:
1089:
1066:
1051:
1044:
993:
988:Sajad Haider
961:Sajad Haider
945:
940:Folland Gnat
930:
868:Folland Gnat
865:
857:
787:
762:interdiction
750:
729:
719:J&K 2019
714:Balakot 2019
702:
701:
660:
659:
638:
637:
595:
476:Punjab Front
461:
454:
436:
361:Indian claim
360:
359:
350:
349:
340:
339:
328:
327:
318:
317:
308:
307:
297:280 aircraft
186:Belligerents
173:
92:
40:Part of the
29:
3755:Foundations
3386:MSN Encarta
3077:21 November
3047:21 November
3011:. Manohar.
2904:. Manohar.
2718:21 November
2692:22 November
2653:21 November
2648:Rediff news
2628:21 November
2447:18 December
2363:21 December
2307:15 November
2281:16 November
2225:11 February
2143:11 February
1959:ThePrint.in
1673:11 February
1337:Arjan Singh
1158:Balwant Rai
1073:A. T. Cooke
996:Indian Army
776:Main battle
730:During the
613:War of 1971
608:War of 1965
346:20 aircraft
235:Arjan Singh
168:Territorial
3851:Categories
3825:Categories
3476:Parliament
3449:Leadership
2990:27 October
1457:References
1278:neutrality
1256:See also:
1100:River Beas
1077:S-75 Dvina
1069:Kalaikunda
1020:M. M. Alam
980:airstrikes
965:gun camera
926:Saad Hatmi
893:Vir Chakra
822:Tawi River
747:Background
623:Kargil War
509:Asal Uttar
462:Grand Slam
146:South Asia
113:India Post
3833:Air Force
3791:Criticism
3721:Air Force
3676:Personnel
3596:Air Force
3517:Secretary
3505:Ministers
2171:Jang News
1330:Pathankot
1289:talk page
1244:ceasefire
1227:, son of
1184:Pakistani
1128:Gurdaspur
1081:Ghaziabad
1008:Pathankot
872:Pathankot
814:Pathankot
455:Gibraltar
99:M.M. Alam
3572:Services
3542:Chairman
3309:Archived
3210:(2005).
3197:page=130
3130:History.
3123:Archived
3067:Zee News
2969:page=150
2807:30 April
2441:Archived
2418:Archived
2191:Archived
1939:16 March
1580:14 April
1411:1971 war
1398: –
1301:May 2020
1282:disputed
1221:Sargodha
1191:1965 war
1132:Amritsar
1120:Peshawar
1054:Sargodha
922:Sargodha
860:Ouragons
709:LoC 2016
499:Chawinda
494:Phillora
289:Strength
250:Nur Khan
213:Pakistan
141:Location
3714:Marines
3589:Marines
3512:Defence
3164:10 June
3104:10 June
2781:10 June
2755:10 June
2594:10 June
1902:10 June
1872:10 June
1785:. OUP.
1700:10 June
1646:27 July
1508:10 June
1240:Mercara
1189:in the
1141:and an
1016:Halwara
1012:Adampur
986:led by
978:during
924:by S/L
914:Karachi
818:Akhnoor
800:and 14
703:Strikes
692:2020–21
682:2016–18
677:2014–15
525:Air War
489:Ichogil
423:Gujarat
170:changes
3357:
3335:
3289:
3243:
3218:
3189:
3015:
2961:
2934:
2908:
2840:3 July
2831:
2683:
2619:
2547:
2513:
2482:
2391:
2332:
2250:
1843:
1818:
1789:
1734:
1612:
1571:
1538:
1479:
1405:Legacy
1250:Losses
1143:Auster
1139:Cessna
1108:Fg Off
1083:(near
1000:Lahore
918:Pasrur
905:Pasrur
806:Chhamb
736:Indian
734:, the
504:Dograi
437:Dwarka
280:
267:
210:
197:
153:Result
3688:Women
1979:(PDF)
1798:1949)
1728:84–87
1640:(PDF)
1633:(PDF)
1433:Notes
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