625:
305:
51:
67:
406:. They called Apollo and Artemis "Laphrios gods," i.e. patrons of the spoils and loot of war. In addition, they worshiped Hercules, the river Achelous and Bacchus. In Thermos, an area north of Trichonis lake, there was after the 7th century a shrine of Apollo “Thermios,” which became a significant religious center during the time of the
322:
911:
invasions by
Macedonia in 322 and 314–311, the league rapidly grew in strength during the ensuing period of Macedonian weakness, expanding into Delphi (centre of the Amphictyonic Council) and allying with Boeotia (c. 300). It was mainly responsible for driving out a major Gallic invasion of Greece in 279.
910:
Aetolian League, federal state or "sympolity" of
Aetolia, in ancient Greece. Probably based on a looser tribal community, it was well-enough organized to conduct negotiations with Athens in 367 BC. It became by c. 340 one of the leading military powers in Greece. Having successfully resisted
522:
The
Aetolians’ power increasingly magnified with the occupation of the lands of Ozoloi, Locrians and Phocians, as well as Boeotia. They then united under the power of their League in the areas of Tegea, Mantinea, Orchomenus, Psophida and Phigaleia. Between 220 and 217 BC, the
527:
broke out between the
Achaean and Aetolian Leagues. The war was first started by the Aetolians with the help of the Spartans and Eleans. Allies of the Achaeans were the Macedonians, the Boeotians, the Phocians, the Epirotes, the Acarnanians and the Messenians.
272:) in the east, from the Evenus and Calydon to the Ozolian Locrians. The country has a level and fruitful coastal region, but an unproductive and mountainous interior. The mountains contained many wild beasts, and acquired fame in
445:, taking great risks, but were eventually saved by the disagreement between the two Macedonian generals and Perdiccas. The Acarnanians then attempted to invade their land, but the Aetolians were able to force them to flee.
417:. In 426 BC, led by Aegitios, they defeated the Athenians and their allies, who had turned against Apodotia and Ophioneia under the general command of Demosthenes. However, they failed to regain
563:, the Aetolians who had sided with Antony disbanded completely. Octavius handed Calydon over to the Achaeans, who devastated it entirely and moved the statue of Artemis Laphria to
963:
1037:
559:. When the Roman garrisons were withdrawn because of the civil wars in Rome, the Aetolians, too, began to fight each other. Following Octavius’ victory at the
390:
claims that
Eurytanians spoke a very difficult language and ate their food completely raw. They were semi-barbaric, warlike and predatory. They worshiped
473:
The great courage shown by the
Aetolians during the fighting against the Macedonians increased their glamour and fame, especially after winning the last
535:
destroyed the temple of Apollo
Thermios and allied with the Carthaginians. The Aetolians continued to fight on the side of the Romans even in the
519:; as a result, the Korkyreans were forced to accept an Illyrian garrison in their city, which was put under the command of Demetrius of Pharos.
1064:
786:
429:, but the Aetolians recovered it in 361 BC. In 338 BC, Naupaktos was again taken by the Aetolians, with the help of Philip II. During the
809:
Rose, Carol, Giants, Monsters, and
Dragons: An Encyclopedia of Folklore, Legend, and Myth, W. W. Norton, 2001. ISBN 9780393322118, p. 66.
341:– named after the nearby mountain Kourion, or just to stand out from the Acarnanians, who were called so because they were unshorn – and
478:
458:) and by c. 340 BC it became one of the leading military powers in ancient Greece. It had originally been organized during the reign of
861:
1059:
1022:
982:
386:
doubted their Greek heritage, while Livy reports that they spoke a language similar to the
Macedonians. On the other hand,
954:
820:
425:, the Aetolians took part as mercenaries of the Athenians in the expedition against Syracuse. Then the Achaeans occupied
50:
524:
539:(196 BC), ignoring the great dangers looming for Greece as a result of this alliance. The Aetolians took the side of
402:, not as goddess of wisdom, but emphasizing the element of war – i.e. a goddess that was a counterbalance to the god
624:
361:
968:
768:
644:
379:
The mountain tribes of
Aetolia were the Ophioneis, the Apodotoi, the Agraeis, the Aperantoi and the Eurytanians.
90:
737:
482:
357:
162:
840:
697:
692:
556:
552:
540:
536:
373:
496:
In 232 BC, the Illyrians under Agron attacked the Aetolians, and managed to take many prisoners and booty.
421:, which had meanwhile been conquered by the Corinthians with the aid of the Athenians. At the end of the
262:
242:
214:
143:
17:
66:
462:
by the cities of Aetolia for their mutual benefit and protection and became a formidable rival to the
1006:
749:
730:
459:
590:
is considered now to have a heavy anti-Aetolian bias due to his having relied on Aetolia's opponent
743:
724:
595:
532:
474:
865:
898:
941:
758:
712:
166:
1054:
764:
663:
628:
560:
328:
194:
1026:
781:
753:
504:
500:
449:
422:
407:
338:
294:
277:
273:
198:
158:
120:
612:
During the Middle Ages, Aetolia was part of the Byzantine Empire and later passed to the
364:
mentions that Curetes was the old name of the Aetolians and Leleges the old name of the
613:
607:
544:
508:
467:
253:
233:
205:
178:
134:
41:
1048:
667:
547:, and on the defeat of that monarch in 189 BC, they became virtually the subjects of
1019:
986:
958:
304:
791:
671:
580:
414:
350:
586:
Aetolia's reputation has suffered from a rather hostile treatment in the sources.
489:. Subsequently, the Sotiria Games were established by the Aetolians, in honour of
382:
The primitive lifestyle of those tribes made an impression on ancient historians.
454:
110:
701:
434:
430:
387:
369:
688:
683:
516:
512:
438:
418:
182:
706:
675:
640:
587:
442:
383:
365:
190:
657:
576:
463:
426:
395:
342:
311:
229:
100:
56:
651:
636:
591:
564:
486:
399:
391:
354:
346:
225:
186:
154:
80:
616:. Aetolia was mentioned in Francisco Baltazar's Florante at Laura.
922:
John D. Grainger, The League of the Aitolians, 1999, p. 103 - 104.
862:"Technological Educational Institute of Piraeus - Γενικά Στοιχεία"
623:
568:
321:
679:
572:
548:
490:
403:
204:
In classical times Aetolia comprised two parts: "Old Aetolia" (
1035:
This article incorporates material from Harry Thurston Peck's
1018:
Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
851:
John D. Grainger, The League of the Aitolians, 1999, p. 40.
841:
John D. Grainger, The League of the Aitolians, 1999, p. 33.
452:, in early times. It soon became a powerful confederation (
441:. As a result, they came into conflict with Antipater and
345:
originally inhabited the country, but at an early period
555:
in 146 BC, Aetolia became part of the Roman province of
964:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
635:1772 – 1841) a native of Aetolia was a Greek chief
267:
247:
219:
148:
116:
106:
96:
86:
76:
28:
893:
891:
185:to the west; on the north it had boundaries with
594:of Achaea, but mainly because of his origin in
598:, a major centre of the rival Achaean League.
398:as goddess of wilderness. They also worshiped
643:, military commander and fighter of the 1821
8:
1038:Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities
551:. Following the conquest of the Achaeans by
531:The Aetolians allied with the Romans, while
433:, the Aetolians helped the Athenian general
413:The Aetolians refused to participate in the
499:In 229 BC, the Aetolians participated in a
579:several centuries later at the end of the
448:The Aetolians set up a united league, the
25:
161:, forming the eastern part of the modern
224:) in the west, from the Achelous to the
802:
197:; and on the south the entrance to the
85:
75:
63:
47:
511:, and were defeated by a coalition of
477:war and even more after repulsing the
787:List of traditional Greek place names
567:. There were subsequent invasions by
115:
105:
95:
7:
885:Istoriai, Thoucydides pages 243-246.
501:naval battle off the island of Paxos
836:
834:
832:
14:
368:. The Aetolians took part in the
280:, also called the Aetolian Boar.
276:as the scene of the hunt for the
666:, Queen of Sparta and mother of
320:
303:
65:
49:
201:defined the limits of Aetolia.
16:For the online video game, see
485:and rescuing the sanctuary of
1:
632:
153:) is a mountainous region of
1065:Historical regions in Greece
822:Roman Antiquities, Book 1, 1
819:Dionysius of Halicarnassus,
961:. In Smith, William (ed.).
268:
248:
220:
149:
1083:
605:
394:as god of tame nature and
362:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
292:
157:on the north coast of the
15:
969:Little, Brown and Company
769:Greek War of Independence
645:Greek war of independence
257:
252:) or "Acquired Aetolia" (
237:
209:
138:
64:
48:
38:
740:Olympic racer in 200 BC
181:separates Aetolia from
32:
23:Region of Ancient Greece
1060:Ancient Greek geography
967:. Vol. 1. Boston:
553:Lucius Mummius Achaicus
537:Battle of Cynoscephalae
193:; on the east with the
647:
353:, led by the mythical
71:Map of ancient Aetolia
1025:May 15, 2008, at the
752:, leading man of the
627:
327:The Aetolian League,
310:Ruins of the ancient
232:; and "New Aetolia" (
18:Aetolia (online game)
1007:Chronicon (Eusebius)
901:. www.britannica.com
750:Agelaus of Naupactus
731:Theodotus of Aetolia
721:Dorimachus, general
503:in a coalition with
744:Pyrrhias of Aetolia
725:Nicolaus of Aetolia
718:Damocritus, general
660:, mythological hero
372:, under their king
360:, set up colonies.
55:Ancient and modern
761:, (1714–1779) monk
648:
124:(290–189 BC)
944:; Wilkes, p. 160.
899:"Aetolian League"
767:, fighter of the
759:Cosmas of Aetolia
713:Alexander Aetolus
620:List of Aetolians
466:monarchs and the
269:Aitolía Epíktitos
266:
258:Αἰτωλία Ἐπίκτητος
246:
218:
167:Aetolia-Acarnania
147:
128:
127:
1072:
1029:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
994:
985:. Archived from
979:
973:
972:
951:
945:
938:
932:
929:
923:
920:
914:
913:
907:
906:
895:
886:
883:
877:
876:
874:
873:
864:. Archived from
858:
852:
849:
843:
838:
827:
826:
816:
810:
807:
765:Dimitrios Makris
634:
629:Dimitrios Makris
561:Battle of Actium
337:Tribes known as
329:3rd century B.C.
324:
307:
271:
261:
259:
251:
241:
239:
223:
213:
211:
195:Ozolian Locrians
152:
142:
140:
69:
53:
26:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1045:
1044:
1032:
1027:Wayback Machine
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
992:
990:
981:
980:
976:
953:
952:
948:
939:
935:
930:
926:
921:
917:
904:
902:
897:
896:
889:
884:
880:
871:
869:
860:
859:
855:
850:
846:
839:
830:
818:
817:
813:
808:
804:
800:
782:Aetolian League
778:
754:Aetolian League
622:
610:
604:
479:Gallic invasion
450:Aetolian League
423:Archidamian War
408:Aetolian League
335:
334:
333:
332:
331:
325:
316:
315:
314:
308:
297:
295:Aetolian league
291:
286:
278:Calydonian Boar
274:Greek mythology
199:Corinthian Gulf
175:
159:Gulf of Corinth
123:
121:Aetolian League
72:
60:
44:
34:
31:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1031:
1030:
1011:
1009:145th Olympiad
999:
974:
955:Smith, William
946:
933:
924:
915:
887:
878:
853:
844:
828:
825:, LacusCurtius
811:
801:
799:
796:
795:
794:
789:
784:
777:
774:
773:
772:
762:
756:
747:
741:
734:
728:
722:
719:
716:
710:
704:
700:, hero of the
695:
686:
661:
655:
621:
618:
608:Ottoman Greece
603:
600:
545:Roman Republic
509:Achaean League
468:Achaean League
326:
319:
318:
317:
309:
302:
301:
300:
299:
298:
293:Main article:
290:
287:
285:
282:
179:Achelous River
174:
171:
126:
125:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
91:Western Greece
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
54:
46:
45:
42:Ancient Greece
39:
36:
35:
29:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1078:
1077:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1000:
989:on 2007-10-18
988:
984:
978:
975:
971:. p. 71.
970:
966:
965:
960:
956:
950:
947:
943:
937:
934:
928:
925:
919:
916:
912:
900:
894:
892:
888:
882:
879:
868:on 2015-04-03
867:
863:
857:
854:
848:
845:
842:
837:
835:
833:
829:
824:
823:
815:
812:
806:
803:
797:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
775:
770:
766:
763:
760:
757:
755:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
703:
699:
696:
694:
690:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
649:
646:
642:
638:
630:
626:
619:
617:
615:
609:
601:
599:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:Antiochus III
538:
534:
529:
526:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
494:
493:the Saviour.
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
330:
323:
313:
306:
296:
288:
283:
281:
279:
275:
270:
264:
255:
250:
244:
235:
231:
227:
222:
221:Paliá Aitolía
216:
210:Παλιά Αιτωλία
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
170:
168:
164:
163:regional unit
160:
156:
151:
145:
136:
132:
122:
119:
112:
109:
102:
99:
92:
89:
82:
79:
68:
58:
52:
43:
37:
27:
19:
1036:
1014:
1002:
991:. Retrieved
987:the original
977:
962:
949:
936:
931:Polybius 2.3
927:
918:
909:
903:. Retrieved
881:
870:. Retrieved
866:the original
856:
847:
821:
814:
805:
792:Aetolia Game
691:, father of
672:Clytemnestra
611:
585:
581:Roman Empire
543:against the
530:
521:
498:
495:
475:Amphictyonic
472:
453:
447:
415:Persian Wars
412:
381:
378:
336:
203:
176:
130:
129:
97:Major cities
983:"Smith Bio"
736:Pyrrhias,
602:Middle Ages
596:Megalopolis
517:Acarnanians
455:sympoliteia
289:Ancient era
249:Néa Aitolía
238:Νέα Αιτωλία
117:Key periods
1049:Categories
993:2007-10-25
940:Polybius,
905:2010-09-10
872:2015-04-02
798:References
746:, general
709:, wrestler
702:Trojan War
674:, and the
654:, general
606:See also:
525:Social War
464:Macedonian
435:Leosthenes
431:Lamian War
388:Thucydides
370:Trojan War
40:Region of
733:, general
727:, general
689:Andraemon
684:Tyndareus
513:Illyrians
460:Philip II
439:Antipater
419:Naupaktos
263:romanized
243:romanized
215:romanized
183:Acarnania
173:Geography
144:romanized
59:, Aetolia
1023:Archived
1020:Pyrrhias
959:"Agetas"
957:(1867).
776:See also
707:Titormus
676:Dioscuri
641:armatole
588:Polybius
533:Philip V
507:and the
443:Craterus
384:Polybius
366:Locrians
191:Thessaly
107:Dialects
87:Location
1055:Aetolia
1041:(1898).
738:stadion
658:Aitolos
577:Vandals
505:Korkyra
483:Brennus
437:defeat
427:Calydon
396:Artemis
358:Aetolus
343:Leleges
339:Curetes
312:Calydon
284:History
265::
245::
230:Calydon
217::
150:Aitōlía
146::
139:Αἰτωλία
131:Aetolia
101:Thermon
77:Country
57:Thermon
33:Αἰτωλία
30:Aetolia
771:(1821)
715:, poet
652:Agetas
637:klepht
592:Aratus
575:, and
565:Patras
557:Achaea
487:Delphi
481:under
400:Athena
392:Apollo
355:eponym
347:Greeks
226:Evenus
187:Epirus
155:Greece
81:Greece
698:Thoas
693:Thoas
668:Helen
614:Turks
569:Goths
374:Thoas
349:from
254:Greek
234:Greek
206:Greek
135:Greek
111:Doric
942:2.10
682:and
680:Zeus
664:Leda
573:Huns
549:Rome
515:and
491:Zeus
404:Ares
351:Elis
228:and
189:and
177:The
678:by
165:of
1051::
908:.
890:^
831:^
670:,
639:,
633:c.
583:.
571:,
470:.
410:.
376:.
260:,
256::
240:,
236::
212:,
208::
169:.
141:,
137::
996:.
875:.
631:(
133:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
