949:
54:
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412:
532:
1183:, spoke out against the plant and asked in a parliamentary question why it should be built on agricultural land. Environmentalists claimed the country already had too much electricity generating capacity and contended that the plant would damage local water resources. Environmental and public health groups criticised the EIA for describing coal as clean energy and, in February 2020, thousands of people filed petitions against its approval: but it was approved by the
147:
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2235:[Amount of CO2 which will be emitted to the atmosphere:Total Quantity Emitted (EM) = AD x EF x OF AD: Activity Data (TJ, t veya Nm3) EF: Emission Factor (tCO2/TJ, tCO2/t veya tCO2/Nm3) OF: Oxidation Factor ADCoal = 23.104.479,2 ton/year * 28,2 TJ/Gg = 651.546,3TJ/year EMCoal = 651.546,3 TJ/year * 94,6 tCO2/TJ * 1 = 61.636.279,98 tCO2/year]
485:
The plant was shut down in
January 2020 as it did not meet the flue gas emission limits which came into force that month. Çelikler planned to have filters installed by June 2020. The plant reopened but complaints of air pollution continued, and in October 2021 it was said by opposition MP Ali Öztunç
2232:
Atmosfere
Verilecek CO2 Miktarı:Toplam Emisyon Miktarı (EM) = AD x EF x OF AD: Faaliyet Verisi (TJ, t veya Nm3) EF: Emisyon Faktörü (tCO2/TJ, tCO2/t veya tCO2/Nm3) OF: Yükseltgenme Faktörü ADKömür = 23.104.479,2 ton/yıl * 28,2 TJ/Gg = 651.546,3TJ/yıl EMKömür = 651.546,3 TJ/yıl * 94,6 tCO2/TJ * 1 =
1187:
in March. In
November 2021 an expert report commissioned by the Maraş Regional Administrative Court said that the EIA positive decision given to Afşin-Elbistan C was faulty as it failed to accurately assess the project's impact on agricultural activities, environmental pollution, water basins and
1212:
most locals say they have chronic illness, and almost all believe that environmental protection measures taken by power plant managers are insufficient. Opponents of the plants say that: "a significant portion of the people living in Afşin
Elbistan are struggling with respiratory tract or cancer
1259:
This power station aimed to generate just over 12.5 TWh (gross) per year. The calculation in the EIA assumes an emission factor of 94.6 tCO2/TJ, which is three times the average of about 30 for
Turkish lignite, but it is unclear whether this is the only reason the CO2 emissions per kWh were
464:
In
January 2019 locals complained that the plant had been restarted causing visible ash pollution in the snow, and local MP Sefer Aycan said in parliament he was concerned that the plant would add to the industrial pollution of the Aksu and Ceyhan rivers. In March 2019
2662:
915:. But, according to campaign group "Right to Clean Air Platform", it would still have resulted in thousands of early deaths over the lifetime of the plant. Cooling water would have been supplied from Hurman Creek via the forthcoming Karakuz Dam,to be built by
772:. Opponents said in September 2020 that ash retention filters are disabled on the pretext that they are expensive to clean. An environmental impact report for proposed ash and slag storage was approved in 2020. By 2021 unit 3 had been converted to gas.
1119:. Verus Partners advised on finance, but despite low production costs, the private sector was not interested, as the coal is low-quality. The TWF claimed the plant would have an economic life of 35 years, create "serious employment", and Vice President
469:
projected the message "These chimneys are spitting poison" onto the plant, to publicise their earlier report claiming that, together with neighbouring Afşin-Elbistan B, the plants were responsible for 17,000 premature deaths. The area is a
784:
said that air quality measurements had not been taken in
Karamanmaraş for almost 11 months of 2020, and that it was very worrying that the plants continued to operate on temporary permits without the necessary environmental improvements.
1063:
says that “Everyone has the right to live in a healthy and balanced environment. It is the duty of the State and citizens to improve the natural environment, to protect the environmental health and to prevent environmental
493:
In 2022 a study found levels of chromium and nickel in the soil exceeding regulations and the
Climate Change Policy and Research Association alleged that the plant was operating illegally according to environmental laws.
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2193:
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As of July 2024 the environmental impact assessment which began in 2022 of adding such 4th and 5th units totalling about 700 MW is still being considered by the government. As of 2023 official
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1398:
514:. After burning 2% of the lignite remains as slag and 18% as fly ash, and a new landfill site was planned for both of these in 2019. Use of modified fly ash in concrete has been suggested.
1151:
are less than 575 million tonnes; thus about a tenth of greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey would have been from the planned power station. Therefore, if built, at over 5 kg of CO
3321:
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predicted to be very high. Since 2020, more stringent filtering of local air pollutants from the smokestack has been compulsory. Moreover, although the average is about 2800, the
1807:
1293:
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3254:
2227:
1588:
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948:
904:
53:
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alleged that the existing power stations and proposed expansion contravene the constitution and violate the human rights of nearby residents by damaging their health.
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1721:
1209:
3635:[The Opinions of the Community on the Effects of Thermal Power Plants on the Environment and Human Health in Afşin and Elbistan Districts] (in Turkish).
1189:
1156:
781:
4455:
1160:
2726:
357:
In 2023 the
National Energy Plan was published: it forecast that 1.7 GW more local coal power would be connected to the grid by 2030 but did not say where.
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is only 1,000 to 1,500 kcal/kg, or less than 5 MJ/kg, which is a quarter of typical thermal coal. The coalfield supplies the Afşin-Elbistan power stations.
420:
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neighbourhoods in Afşin district, is near the two existing Afşin-Elbistan power stations. In 2019, compulsory purchase of the land was authorised by
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1444:
3335:
2542:
1033:
733:
587:
3353:
1399:"Heavy Economic Burden on Kahramanmaraş: Expansion of Afşin Elbistan A Thermal Power Plant 88.4 billion liras in health costs - Temiz Hava Hakkı"
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1493:
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2353:
115:
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3150:
3125:
2612:
2421:
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were emitted by burning lignite from this field before 2016, and 2.4 billion tons could be emitted in future. The lignite is high in
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The coalfield also has D and E sectors but, although D and E power stations were planned in the early 21st century, these are not in use.
1468:
490:. In 2020 the fuel oil system was replaced by gas and dry flue gas filters were completed; wet flue gas filters were completed in 2021.
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3196:
2524:
1542:
4212:
2018:
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by 2030, instead of when the A and B power plant licences end in 2038 and 2052 respectively, would prevent over 2000 premature deaths.
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3671:
3253:[Afşin C power station, open coal workings and regular storage area final environmental impact report] (Report) (in Turkish).
2226:[Afşin C power station, open coal workings and regular storage area final environmental impact report] (Report) (in Turkish).
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2681:"THE EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF DOMESTIC COAL RESOURCES ON TURKEY'S CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE: AN EXAMPLE OF AFSİN ELBİSTAN LIGNITES"
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843:
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1419:
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818:
392:
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1668:
1736:
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1947:
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3282:
896:
2839:
1273:
61,636,279.98 tCO2/year divided by 11,380 GWh/year equals 61,636.27998 Gg CO2 divided by 11,380 GWh equals 5.4 kg CO2/kWh
4361:
4320:
1983:
1343:
1180:
863:
814:
4254:
3633:"Afşin ve Elbistan İlçelerinde Toplumun Termik Santrallerin Çevreye ve İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri Konusundaki Görüşleri"
3594:
2083:
1566:
https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-turkey-stateless/2022/04/c73a17f7-tr-afsin-a-genisleme-raporu-greenpeace.pdf
458:
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511:
223:
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In 2021 negotiations with
Chinese companies continued. But later in 2021 China stopped funding overseas coal power.
4302:
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4206:
4094:
3747:
479:
369:
2399:[Local people sue for the cancellation of Afşin-Elbistan C Thermal Power Plant! Final word in court ...].
1519:"Implementation of health impact assessment and health in environmental assessment across the WHO European Region"
1315:"STUDY BY GREENPEACE AND CREA: Two towns from Turkey among top five places with highest sulphur dioxide pollution"
4242:
3755:
2733:
1136:
966:
912:
851:
836:
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365:
80:
62:
4128:
2271:"Kahramanmaraş'ta mahkeme Afşin C Termik Santrali için yürütmeyi durdurma kararı verdi, bundan sonra ne olacak?"
1518:
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72:
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and built by a state-owned mining company to be called Maden Holding. Estimated to cost over 17 billion
3527:
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2446:
2000:
1696:
1431:...it is predicted that 1.7 GW from domestic coal-fired power plants will be included in the system by 2030.
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The plant was shut down in January 2020 due to local air pollution, but reopened later in 2020. Delivery of
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Afşi̇n C Termi̇k Santrali, açık Kömür İşletmesi̇ Ve Düzenli̇ Depolama Alanı Projesi̇ Nihai ÇED Raporu
2224:
Afşi̇n C Termi̇k Santrali, açık Kömür İşletmesi̇ Ve Düzenli̇ Depolama Alanı Projesi̇ Nihai ÇED Raporu
1722:"Coal-fired plants reopen: Engineers cast doubt on minister's statement that 'obligations fulfilled'"
1037:
993:
400:
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In March 2024 the company was considering buying two cheap second-hand steam turbines from shut down
126:
3506:
2322:
2111:"British Afşin-Elbistan Environment Platform: "We don't want a thermal power plant" - Londra Gazete"
1155:
per kWh generated it would have been less carbon efficient than any coal-fired power station on the
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2757:
874:
692:
440:
346:
202:
122:
4036:
2863:
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4290:
4236:
3610:[Ataç: Afşin Elbistan power plant environmental investments must be completed urgently].
3415:
2188:[Ataç: Afşin Elbistan power plant environmental investments must be completed urgently].
1261:
1100:
1068:
1022:
941:
908:
886:
806:
623:
487:
262:
88:
4122:
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2397:"Afşin-Elbistan C Termik Santralinin iptali için yöre halkı mahkemeye verdi! Son söz yargıda..."
3632:
2545:[Sönmez: "We will build an environmentally sensitive high tech power plant in Afşin"].
4378:
3940:
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3399:
3107:
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919:, which will also run a small hydropower plant and supply water for irrigation. According to
388:
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3097:
2031:
1971:
1112:
1230:
1096:
According to the company the A plant and mine employed 1450 people, mostly local, in 2024.
878:
419:
Brought online from 1984 to 1987 Afşin-Elbistan A is one of the largest installed capacity
3658:
2233:
61.636.279,98 tCO2/yıl "Atmosfere Verilecek CO2 Miktarı: ....... = 61.636.279,98 tCO2/yıl"
1672:
1661:
1243:
1193:
1116:
1026:
639:
3898:
3880:
2999:
4146:
3952:
3892:
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3850:
3300:
1085:
982:
970:
895:
The station was planned to run 6,948 hours per year to generate 11,380 GWh. By using a
867:
826:
655:
474:
air pollution hotspot. According to energy analyst Haluk Direskeneli, writing in 2019,
471:
278:
95:
1044:
depths are 50 – 175 m, moisture content 53%, ash content 20% and sulfur content 1.2%.
752:
Built between 2004 and 2005 Afşin-Elbistan B is the largest single installed capacity
98:
air pollution hotspot: Air pollution can be trapped by the surrounding mountains, and
4444:
4434:
4420:
4134:
3928:
3683:
3419:
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and can produce 5 million tonnes a year. It feeds the Afşin-Elbistan power stations.
859:
507:
3314:
3102:
3081:
1494:"'Afşin-Elbistan yeni bir santrali kaldıramaz' diyen halk, kömürsüz gelecek istiyor"
3608:"Ataç, Afşin Elbistan termik santrallerinin çevre yatırımları acilen tamamlanmalı!"
2702:
2456:
2332:
2300:
2186:"Ataç, Afşin Elbistan termik santrallerinin çevre yatırımları acilen tamamlanmalı!"
1633:
855:
810:
444:
103:
4042:
3958:
3573:[Ministry approves construction of Afşin Elbistan C Thermal Power plant].
3395:
1665:
1602:
1099:
The C plant was planned to operate for 35 years and was proposed to be funded the
1948:"Afşin Elbistan A Santrali'nde çevre sistemleri, uluslararası standartlara sahip"
4030:
4018:
4000:
3994:
3976:
3970:
3934:
3922:
3838:
3531:
3259:
yıllık ortalama brüt 12.506 GWh, net 11.380 GWh enerji üretimi hedeflenmektedir.
2780:"Nuclear Power in Turkey | Nuclear Energy In Turkey - World Nuclear Association"
2004:
1164:
383:
could lead to an additional 1900 premature deaths. This was estimated by using
4410:
4024:
3910:
3904:
3874:
2568:"Covid-19 Quarantine has Cleaned the Air of Turkey, What Should be Done Next?"
1814:
1300:
1120:
466:
379:
is not done in Turkey, but opponents of the expansion estimate that the extra
99:
3403:
3111:
2954:"JUST TRANSITION AND REGIONAL EMPLOYMENT: POLICY CHOICES FOR TÜRKİYE - SHURA"
2897:
1469:"Guest post: Just 15 countries account for 98% of new coal-power development"
1445:"New Investment Project: 2×500 MWe Afşin Elbistan Thermal Power Plant – OpEd"
1147:
per year: and it was accepted by the government. By comparison, total annual
1078:
the power stations have caused over 17 thousand premature deaths as of 2024.
1046:
Energy thinktank Shura suggests that people whose jobs are at risk of the EU
4428:
4012:
3982:
3916:
3886:
3868:
3844:
3548:[Thousands of local people petition against C Thermal Power Plant].
3380:"The potential of CO2 satellite monitoring for climate governance: A review"
3040:[Chinese will make it, Turkey Wealth Fund will be a major partner].
1903:"Six coal-fired plants continue to emit thick smoke after end of suspension"
1685:
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/es/699451468174238273/pdf/E1307.pdf
1041:
962:
395:
28 million tonnes of CO2 may be emitted per year, far more than the largest
102:
say that measurements they took nearby in late 2020 show illegal levels of
43:
3701:
3455:[Öztunç asked Energy Minister Dönmez about thermal power plant A].
3411:
3338:[C plant would increase Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions by 10%].
3000:
Curing Chronic Coal: The health benefits of a 2030 coal phase out in Turkey
1923:"Öztunç: "Paris İklim Anlaşması Tamam da, Filtresiz Santraller Ne Olacak?""
3435:"How to Track the Emissions of Every Power Plant on the Planet from Space"
2833:"Lignite coal - health effects and recommendations from the health sector"
2424:[Urgent expropriation decision issued for C Thermal Power Plant].
1179:
Ali Öztunç, local MP and environment spokesperson for the main opposition
328:
3826:
3227:
3201:
3093:
1543:"Maraş coal-fired plant expansion could lead to '1,900 premature deaths'"
955:
847:
799:
725:
339:
76:
3261:[targeted annual generation is 12,506 GWh gross, 11,380 GWh net]
3250:
3013:
2223:
1246:, whereas Turkey's total annual emissions are less than 575 megatonnes.
714:
312:
2838:. Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL). December 2018. Archived from
2527:[Ministry 'positive' on building the 3rd plant in the region].
1171:
means the public will know the level of emissions almost in real time.
1018:
959:
923:
Europe the plant would have increased the risk of drought in the area.
916:
911:, the plant would have been environmentally friendly, using the latest
822:
737:
608:
503:
384:
342:
2663:"TURKEY'S COAL POLICIES RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE, ECONOMY AND HEALTH"
2543:"Sönmez: "Afşin'e, çevreye duyarlı, teknolojik bir santral yapacağız""
387:
on dispersion of NO2, SO2 and PM2.5 and also estimating deposition of
2572:
2273:[Maraş court halts Afşin C power plant - what happens now?].
2247:"Turkey to follow up climate deal ratification with action: Official"
2161:"Taşıma Kömürle Değirmen Dönmedi, B Termik Santralinde Üretim Durdu!"
1907:
1858:
989:
84:
3571:"Afşin Elbistan C Termik Santali yapımı için bakanlıktan onay çıktı"
1664:. Banknote Museum: 7. Emission Group – Five Thousand Turkish Lira –
1115:
to reduce coal and natural gas imports, partly in order to maintain
958:
coalfield, also known as Afşin Elbistan Lignite Reserve, is a large
854:
were planned to be state-owned. Estimated to cost 17.3 billion
1654:
1603:"Emissions - Asset 25453969 - ZETES power stations - Climate TRACE"
3336:"C Santrali, Türkiye'nin sera gazı emisyonunu yüzde 10 arttıracak"
947:
885:, and diversion of Hurman Creek would have allowed more access to
410:
52:
2296:"Afşin C Termik Santrali'ne 'ÇED olumlu' raporu mahkemeden döndü"
1025:
and is the largest operating lignite mine in Turkey. The mine is
3082:"Efficiency change of coal used for energy production in Turkey"
2979:"Türkiye: Plans for Harmful Coal Expansion | Human Rights Watch"
2615:[TOKI takes first step in construction of Karakuz Dam].
1200:, the plans to build the plant should be immediately abandoned.
3705:
1878:"Mahir Ünal: Termik Santral Filtreleri Haziran'da Tamamlanacak"
1580:
Afşin Elbistan A Termik Santral V. ve VI. Ünite İlavesi Projesi
1242:
62 megatonnes would be emitted annually if run at the targeted
866:
would have been generated by burning 23 million tonnes of
368:
which could cope with Turkish lignite could be found, as large
2471:"China pledges to stop building new coal energy plants abroad"
1585:
Project to add units 5 and 6 to Afşin Elbistan A Power Station
744:(mostly transported by lorry) and sometimes from other mines.
482:
is inadequate, and "it is futile to repair this power plant".
107:
3546:"Bölge halkından C Termik Santrali'ne karşı binlerce dilekçe"
2356:[EÜAŞ starts works for Afşin C Thermal Power Plant].
2069:"Turkey: Energy And Infrastructure Forecasts For 2022 – OpEd"
899:, the plant would have been more efficient and emitted less
821:(EIA) the plant would have burned 23 million tonnes of
450:
In 2004 or 2005 an EIA was done re rehabilitation and FGD.
87:. Both Afşin-Elbistan A and B burn lignite from the nearby
2613:"Karakuz Barajı'nın yapımını üstlenen TOKİ, ilk adımı attı"
2498:[Chinese decision concerning Afşin C Power Plant].
2019:"Afşin Elbistan A Termik Santrali'nin atıkları depolanacak"
1229:
Environmental impact assessments can be found by searching
1135:
The Afşin-Elbistan C environmental impact assessment (EIA)
977:
also supplied a local power station, but after that closed
3453:"Öztunç, Enerji Bakanı Dönmez'e A Termik Santralini Sordu"
3172:"Afşin ve Elbistan halkı C Termik Santrali'ne karşı çıktı"
3038:"Çinliler yapacak, Türkiye Varlık Fonu büyük ortak olacak"
2525:"Bakanlık, bölgeye 3.santralin kurulmasına 'olumlu' baktı"
813:, at planned capacity it would have generated about 3% of
3595:
Bilirkişi Afşin C Santrali’nin ÇED raporunu olumsuz buldu
3315:
Yerli̇ ve mi̇lli̇ enerji̇ poli̇ti̇kalari ekseni̇nde kömür
2354:"EÜAŞ, Afşin C Termik Santrali İçin Çalışmalara Başlıyor"
2032:
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2013852
1984:"Çevre Mevzuatina Uyumsüreci Balaminda bir Decerlendirme"
1972:
https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bufbd/issue/74194/1137003
1264:
of Turkish lignite varies between 1000 and 6000 kcal/kg.
1036:
there are 617 million tons of reserves, with the average
839:
by 2053, and in 2022 the C power station was cancelled.
724:
Afşin-Elbistan B is a 1440MW coal-fired power station in
3528:"In Turkey, a Battle Over Coal Draws a Line in the Soot"
3439:
IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News
3151:"Fuat Oktay: "Kahramanmaraş'taki Santral Mega Projemiz""
3126:"Fuat Oktay: "Kahramanmaraş'taki Santral Mega Projemiz""
2422:"C Termik Santrali için acele kamulaştırma kararı çıktı"
2001:"In Turkey, a Battle Over Coal Draws a Line in the Soot"
1830:"Turkey: Energy And Infrastructure Forecast 2020 – OpEd"
1762:""Termik santralin atıkları yüzünden siyah kar yağıyor""
1624:
1622:
1231:
https://eced-duyuru.csb.gov.tr/eced-prod/duyurular.xhtml
1107:, being a major partner. This is in accordance with the
1776:"Aycan'dan Termik Santrallerin Çevre Kirliliğine Tepki"
3322:
Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research
3297:"Turkey shuts power plants for not installing filters"
3080:
Kasap, Yaşar; Şensöğüt, Cem; Ören, Özer (2020-03-01).
2590:[Cost 550 million lira, to be finished 2023].
2374:[Critical juncture in Plant C's EIA process].
825:
annually, and emitted over 61 million tonnes of
486:
to be still operating without filters due to company
2449:[Three thermal power plants can shut down].
1854:"Ministry cancels coal-fired plant project in Maraş"
1233:
with Sektör=Enerji and Alt Sektör= Termik Santraller
1188:
human health. In December 2021 environmental group
907:, as they use subcritical boilers. According to the
4371:
4167:
4160:
4103:
4087:
4064:
3807:
3784:
3775:
3739:
3507:"Suların şehri susuz şehir oluyor | alevi gazetesi"
3255:
Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Turkey)
2919:"Investor's Guide for Electricity Sector in Turkey"
2496:"Çin'den Afşin C Santrali'ni de ilgilendiren karar"
2228:
Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Turkey)
1589:
Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Turkey)
687:
682:
654:
638:
622:
617:
601:
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580:
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542:
524:
307:
302:
277:
261:
232:
216:
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195:
179:
171:
157:
139:
26:
21:
4400:Power stations projected or under construction in
2136:"B Santrali'nin kül depolama alanlarına ÇED onayı"
423:and is estimated to emit over 8 million tonnes of
3354:"The World's Biggest Emitter of Greenhouse Gases"
2926:Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
756:and is estimated to emit almost 8 million tonnes
3223:"Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics, 1990-2022"
3197:"Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics, 1990-2022"
3002:(Report). Health and Environment Alliance. 2022.
2084:"Coal Plant Without Coal: Only In Turkey – OpEd"
1250:62 megatonnes is about 10% of 575+62 megatonnes.
1050:could be offered retraining or early retirement.
889:as well as supplying the plant's cooling water.
3378:Pan, Guanna; Xu, Yuan; Ma, Jieqi (2021-01-01).
1192:said that, as Turkey had recently ratified the
1143:would be more than 60 million tonnes of CO
2864:"Coal production in Turkey and major projects"
2804:"Coal production in Turkey and major projects"
2588:"550 milyon TL'ye mal olacak, 2023'te bitecek"
1577:Çınar Engineering Consulting Inc. (May 2024).
1369:"A Termik'in yeni üniteleri için kritik viraj"
905:local lignite-fuelled power stations in Turkey
3717:
2372:"C Santrali'nin ÇED sürecinde kritik dönemeç"
1157:list of least carbon efficient power stations
8:
3276:Turkish Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990 - 2021
3249:Çınar Engineering Consultancy (March 2020).
2698:"Is it too late to stop Turkey's coal rush?"
2222:Çınar Engineering Consultancy (March 2020).
1167:, which emitted 56.5 million tonnes a year.
981:was the only mine. 200 million tons of
2576:. IPS Communication Foundation. 2020-04-22.
1790:"17 bin erken ölümün nedeni termik santral"
1737:"Güvenç'ten FGD filtre ve göçük açıklaması"
4164:
3781:
3724:
3710:
3702:
3478:"Afşin Elbistan'a biçilen değer cehennem!"
1344:"Greenpeace: Afşin-Elbistan zehir saçıyor"
1169:Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide
1159:. As of 2020, for comparison, the world's
521:
136:
18:
3101:
3484:(in Turkish). 2020-02-28. Archived from
3480:[Afşin Elbistan sent to hell!].
1427:Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
1393:
1391:
1389:
1185:Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation
461:but the filters were installed in 2021.
1587:] (Technical report) (in Turkish).
1285:
1222:
1208:According to a 2020 survey from nearby
965:located in the south-east of Turkey in
846:the proposed three units of 600 MW for
805:which was proposed to be funded by the
63:Climate change litigation § Turkey
3433:Couture, Heather D. (11 August 2020).
1808:"Global SO2 emission hotspot database"
1655:Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
1294:"Global SO2 emission hotspot database"
1123:said in 2020 that it would reduce the
969:. Elbistan is the field with the most
3668:Report on health effects (in Turkish)
2638:"Termik santralleri kuraklık vuruyor"
2105:
2103:
1871:
1869:
1735:Sesi, Elbistanın (30 December 2020).
780:In December 2021 environmental group
734:Electricity Generation Company (EUAŞ)
415:Afşin-Elbistan A before refurbishment
7:
3693:Report on health effects(in Turkish)
3270:
3268:
1338:
1336:
1334:
798:Afşin-Elbistan C was a planned 1800-
4456:Coal-fired power stations in Turkey
3384:Journal of Environmental Management
2325:[Maden Holding is coming].
2043:Fuels, Beyond Fossil (2020-02-07).
2021:. Enerji Günlüğü. 17 December 2018.
903:than all other large (over 400 MW)
421:coal-fired power stations in Turkey
16:Coal fired power stations in Turkey
3697:Right to Clean Air Platform Turkey
3672:Right to Clean Air Platform Turkey
2727:"Afşin-Elbistan Coal Power Plants"
1210:Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University
1149:greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey
1076:Right to Clean Air Platform Turkey
1048:Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
754:coal-fired power station in Turkey
364:, but was unsure whether suitable
14:
3056:"Development of Afsin Elbistan C"
2758:"Turkey's 21st Century Coal Rush"
2502:(in Turkish). 23 September 2021.
2082:Direskeneli, Haluk (2021-10-06).
2045:"EÜAŞ – A briefing for investors"
1828:Direskeneli, Haluk (2019-12-02).
1443:Direskeneli, Haluk (2024-03-21).
770:Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions
437:Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions
4427:
4413:
3766:
3014:"Investments - Çelikler Holding"
1006:This section is an excerpt from
940:This section is an excerpt from
873:The site, on the border between
835:However in 2021 Turkey targeted
597:Thermal power station
530:
212:Thermal power station
145:
3659:"Afşin-Elbistan power stations"
3597:, Politika Haber, Nov. 18, 2021
3342:(in Turkish). 12 November 2020.
3103:10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101577
2960:from the original on 2024-07-21
2935:from the original on 2024-08-16
2874:from the original on 2023-04-08
2814:from the original on 2023-04-08
2506:from the original on 2021-09-26
2447:"Üç termik santral kapanabilir"
2196:from the original on 2021-12-09
1929:from the original on 2021-10-26
1697:"Üç termik santral kapanabilir"
1675:. – Retrieved on 20 April 2009.
1082:Health and Environment Alliance
819:environmental impact assessment
457:(FGD) parts was delayed by the
393:environmental impact assessment
345:-fired power station, owned by
2893:"AFŞİN-ELBİSTAN LIGNITE FIELD"
2644:(in Turkish). 31 December 2020
2142:(in Turkish). 14 December 2020
1954:(in Turkish). 12 November 2020
1778:. Yeşil Afşin. 9 January 2019.
1350:(in Turkish). 25 December 2020
1319:Bianet - Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi
1034:Electricity Generation Company
588:Electricity Generation Company
397:Turkish greenhouse gas emitter
1:
3684:Afşin-Elbistan power stations
3509:(in Turkish). 5 February 2020
3396:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111423
3283:Turkish Statistical Institute
1032:According to the state-owned
913:emission control technologies
129:, despite public opposition.
69:Afşin-Elbistan power stations
22:Afşin-Elbistan power stations
1420:Türkiye national energy plan
1017:or Afşin Elbistan Mine is a
952:Afsin-Elbistan Power Complex
57:Afsin-Elbistan Power Complex
656:Annual net output
480:electrostatic precipitation
370:electrostatic precipitators
338:Afşin-Elbistan A is a 1355
279:Annual net output
4472:
4095:Istanbul Waste Power Plant
3552:(in Turkish). 6 March 2020
3178:(in Turkish). 24 June 2021
2140:Elbistan Kaynarca Gazetesi
1005:
939:
506:, which is transported by
60:
4398:
4357:List of active coal-fired
3764:
3044:(in Turkish). 2021-04-13.
2760:. Global Business Reports
2531:(in Turkish). 2020-03-28.
2360:(in Turkish). 2020-03-05.
1181:Republican People's Party
858:, at planned capacity 11
837:net zero carbon emissions
832:each year for 35 years.
711:
538:
529:
439:. It was depicted on the
372:and FGD would be needed.
325:
241:
237:
153:
144:
125:still want to build more
73:coal-fired power stations
40:
4451:Greenhouse gas emissions
3733:Power stations in Turkey
2679:Çıraklı, Muhammet Enes.
2428:(in Turkish). 2019-12-25
2378:(in Turkish). 2019-10-01
2304:(in Turkish). 2022-09-06
1500:(in Turkish). 2024-07-08
1375:(in Turkish). 2024-03-10
1131:Greenhouse gas emissions
994:energy value of its coal
864:the nation's electricity
844:power stations in Turkey
815:the nation's electricity
803:coal-fired power station
789:Cancelled power stations
476:flue-gas desulfurization
455:flue-gas desulfurization
447:banknotes of 1990–1994.
377:health impact assessment
4385:Unimar Marmara Ereğlisi
2323:"Maden Holding geliyor"
1724:. bianet. 17 June 2020.
1630:"Global coal power map"
1125:current account deficit
1113:local sources of energy
1109:energy policy of Turkey
862:per year (about 3%) of
624:Nameplate capacity
362:American nuclear plants
263:Nameplate capacity
1161:largest single emitter
992:and moisture, and the
967:Kahramanmaraş Province
953:
927:Afşin-Elbistan D and E
921:Climate Action Network
875:Altınelma (in Turkish)
852:Kahramanmaraş Province
730:Kahramanmaraş Province
705:/afsin-elbistan-b-dbzi
416:
403:at 15 million tonnes.
246:Units operational
81:Kahramanmaraş Province
58:
3688:Global Energy Monitor
3663:Global Energy Monitor
2784:www.world-nuclear.org
1105:sovereign wealth fund
1103:(TWF), the country's
951:
768:per year, over 1% of
732:, state owned by the
675:2,773 GWh (2019)
672:2,767 GWh (2022)
669:2,378 GWh (2020)
663:1,201 GWh (2021)
618:Power generation
478:is not installed and
435:per year, over 1% of
414:
295:3,710 GWh (2021)
292:3,686 GWh (2022)
289:1,899 GWh (2019)
286:1,717 GWh (2020)
233:Power generation
116:flue gas measurements
114:has not released the
56:
3648:Coal power in Turkey
1876:www.kahramantv.com.
1671:16 June 2011 at the
1660:15 June 2009 at the
1248:By simple arithmetic
1111:, which prioritises
1038:energy value of coal
897:supercritical boiler
640:Capacity factor
566:Commission date
443:of the Turkish 5000
401:ZETES power stations
181:Commission date
112:Environment Ministry
4072:Greenway CSP Mersin
3482:Yeni Yaşam Gazetesi
3018:celiklerholding.com
2071:. 29 November 2021.
2049:Beyond Fossil Fuels
1862:. 17 February 2021.
1262:net calorific value
901:local air pollution
817:. According to the
683:External links
399:in 2022, which was
391:. According to the
303:External links
257:2 totalling 688 MW
127:coal-fired capacity
75:in the district of
4179:– 1800 MW proposed
1101:Turkey Wealth Fund
1069:Human Rights Watch
1055:Disease and deaths
1040:of 1.031 Kcal/kg.
1023:Elbistan coalfield
1015:Kışlaköy Coal Mine
1008:Kışlaköy coal mine
975:Çöllolar coal mine
954:
942:Elbistan coalfield
909:Turkey Wealth Fund
887:Elbistan coalfield
879:Tanır (in Turkish)
807:Turkey Wealth Fund
742:Kışlaköy coal mine
736:. The plant burns
512:Kışlaköy coal mine
417:
353:Proposed expansion
254:Units planned
224:Kışlaköy coal mine
89:Elbistan coalfield
59:
4408:
4407:
4394:
4393:
4156:
4155:
2868:Mining Technology
2808:Mining Technology
1764:. 5 January 2019.
1074:According to the
883:President Erdoğan
722:
721:
602:Primary fuel
459:covid-19 pandemic
336:
335:
217:Primary fuel
51:
50:
4463:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4423:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4195:Afşin-Elbistan A
4183:Afşin-Elbistan B
4176:Afşin-Elbistan C
4165:
3782:
3770:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3703:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
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3497:
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3494:
3493:
3474:
3468:
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3449:
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3430:
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3375:
3369:
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3365:
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3343:
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3326:
3325:
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3311:
3305:
3304:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3272:
3263:
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3235:
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3210:
3209:
3193:
3187:
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3183:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3086:Resources Policy
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
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2837:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2738:
2732:. Archived from
2731:
2725:Algedik, Önder.
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2642:www.sozcu.com.tr
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
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2609:
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2578:
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2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
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2237:
2236:
2218:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2040:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1796:. 12 March 2019.
1786:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1732:
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1718:
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1676:
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1645:
1643:
1641:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1607:climatetrace.org
1599:
1593:
1592:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1539:
1533:
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1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1348:www.sozcu.com.tr
1340:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1290:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1251:
1240:
1234:
1227:
1086:phasing out coal
1061:the constitution
842:Like some other
794:Afşin-Elbistan C
767:
766:
765:
715:edit on Wikidata
707:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
534:
525:Afşin-Elbistan B
522:
518:Afşin-Elbistan B
510:from the nearby
502:The plant burns
434:
433:
432:
347:Çelikler Holding
329:edit on Wikidata
321:
318:
316:
314:
203:Çelikler Holding
149:
140:Afşin-Elbistan A
137:
133:Afşin-Elbistan A
123:Çelikler Holding
44:edit on Wikidata
19:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4441:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4390:
4367:
4152:
4099:
4083:
4060:
3803:
3777:
3771:
3762:
3735:
3730:
3680:
3655:
3645:
3640:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3617:
3615:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3580:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3555:
3553:
3550:Elbistanın Sesi
3544:
3543:
3539:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3512:
3510:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3491:
3489:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3462:
3460:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3363:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3340:Elbistanın Sesi
3334:
3333:
3329:
3324:. January 2019.
3317:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3257:. p. xix.
3248:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3231:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3207:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3181:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3135:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3042:Elbistanın Sesi
3036:
3035:
3031:
3022:
3020:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2963:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2903:
2901:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2877:
2875:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2706:. 6 August 2015
2696:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2647:
2645:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2622:
2620:
2617:Elbistanın Sesi
2611:
2610:
2606:
2597:
2595:
2592:Elbistanın Sesi
2586:
2585:
2581:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2552:
2550:
2547:Elbistanın Sesi
2541:
2540:
2536:
2529:Elbistanın Sesi
2523:
2522:
2518:
2509:
2507:
2500:Elbistanın Sesi
2494:
2493:
2489:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2431:
2429:
2426:Elbistanın Sesi
2420:
2419:
2415:
2406:
2404:
2401:Elbistan Pusula
2395:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2379:
2376:Elbistanın Sesi
2370:
2369:
2365:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2336:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2275:BBC News Türkçe
2269:
2268:
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2255:
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2245:
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2240:
2221:
2219:
2208:
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2197:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2012:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1970:
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1741:Elbistanın Sesi
1734:
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1719:
1715:
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1695:
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1673:Wayback Machine
1662:Wayback Machine
1653:
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1636:. 26 March 2020
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1373:Elbistanın Sesi
1367:
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1244:capacity factor
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1194:Paris Agreement
1190:TEMA Foundation
1177:
1154:
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1140:
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1117:energy security
1094:
1057:
1052:
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1011:
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998:
997:
986:
945:
937:
929:
868:Turkish lignite
830:
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782:TEMA Foundation
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409:
355:
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313:celiklerholding
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191:
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108:nitrogen oxides
65:
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17:
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3678:External links
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3653:External links
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3301:Anadolu Agency
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3142:
3117:
3072:
3060:Verus Partners
3047:
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3005:
2991:
2970:
2956:. 2024-06-27.
2945:
2910:
2884:
2870:. 2023-04-06.
2855:
2824:
2810:. 2023-04-06.
2795:
2771:
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2579:
2559:
2534:
2516:
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2455:(in Turkish).
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2331:(in Turkish).
2314:
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2192:(in Turkish).
2177:
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2127:
2099:
2088:Eurasia Review
2074:
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2035:
2024:
2010:
1992:
1975:
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1939:
1925:(in Turkish).
1914:
1911:. 2 July 2020.
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1834:Eurasia Review
1820:
1817:. August 2019.
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1449:Eurasia Review
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1306:
1303:. August 2019.
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1204:Public Opinion
1202:
1198:climate change
1176:
1173:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1093:
1090:
1084:estimate that
1059:Article 56 of
1056:
1053:
1012:
1004:
1002:
999:
984:
971:coal in Turkey
946:
938:
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762:
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719:
712:
709:
708:
689:
685:
684:
680:
679:
677:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:2,181 GWh
664:
660:
658:
652:
651:
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648:
644:
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636:
635:
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628:
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472:sulfur dioxide
429:
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334:
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326:
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309:
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96:sulfur dioxide
94:The area is a
49:
48:
41:
38:
37:
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34:
30:
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24:
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15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4468:
4457:
4454:
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4449:
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4446:
4436:
4435:Energy portal
4430:
4425:
4422:
4421:Turkey portal
4411:
4403:
4397:
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4377:
4376:
4374:
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4364:– now museums
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4298:
4297:Şırnak Silopi
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4280:
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3808:Hydroelectric
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3612:Maraş Fisilti
3609:
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3575:Elbistan Olay
3572:
3566:
3563:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3534:. 2020-08-05.
3533:
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3499:
3488:on 2020-03-03
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3358:Bloomberg.com
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3328:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3303:. 2020-01-02.
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3285:. April 2023.
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3176:Elbistan Olay
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2845:on 2022-10-09
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2739:on 2017-09-19
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2190:Maraş Fisilti
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2115:Londra Gazete
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2007:. 2020-08-05.
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703:/power-plants
690:
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674:
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665:
662:
661:
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653:
646:
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631:1,440 MW
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508:conveyor belt
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381:air pollution
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270:1,355 MW
269:
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70:
64:
55:
45:
39:
32:
31:
29:
25:
20:
4401:
4213:İsken Sugözü
4207:Emba Hunutlu
4174:
4007:Devecikonağı
3754:
3746:
3646:
3627:
3616:. Retrieved
3614:(in Turkish)
3611:
3602:
3590:
3579:. Retrieved
3577:(in Turkish)
3574:
3565:
3554:. Retrieved
3549:
3540:
3522:
3511:. Retrieved
3501:
3490:. Retrieved
3486:the original
3481:
3472:
3461:. Retrieved
3459:(in Turkish)
3456:
3447:
3438:
3428:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3362:. Retrieved
3360:. 2020-03-17
3357:
3348:
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3309:
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3258:
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3153:(in Turkish)
3145:
3134:. Retrieved
3132:(in Turkish)
3129:
3120:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3064:. Retrieved
3062:. 2015-05-28
3059:
3050:
3041:
3032:
3021:. Retrieved
3017:
3008:
2994:
2983:. Retrieved
2981:. 2024-09-02
2973:
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2867:
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2840:the original
2827:
2816:. Retrieved
2807:
2798:
2787:. Retrieved
2783:
2774:
2762:. Retrieved
2752:
2741:. Retrieved
2734:the original
2720:
2710:24 September
2708:. Retrieved
2703:The Guardian
2701:
2692:
2674:
2657:
2646:. Retrieved
2641:
2632:
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2619:(in Turkish)
2616:
2607:
2596:. Retrieved
2594:(in Turkish)
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2582:
2571:
2562:
2551:. Retrieved
2549:(in Turkish)
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2508:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2479:. Retrieved
2477:. 2021-09-22
2474:
2465:
2457:Kalyon Group
2450:
2441:
2430:. Retrieved
2425:
2416:
2405:. Retrieved
2403:(in Turkish)
2400:
2391:
2380:. Retrieved
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2337:. Retrieved
2335:. 2020-10-05
2333:Kalyon Group
2326:
2317:
2306:. Retrieved
2301:Gazete Duvar
2299:
2290:
2279:. Retrieved
2277:(in Turkish)
2274:
2265:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:
2241:
2231:
2198:. Retrieved
2189:
2180:
2169:. Retrieved
2167:(in Turkish)
2164:
2155:
2144:. Retrieved
2139:
2130:
2119:. Retrieved
2117:. 2020-09-16
2114:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:
2077:
2063:
2052:. Retrieved
2048:
2038:
2027:
2013:
1995:
1978:
1967:
1956:. Retrieved
1952:Haberler.com
1951:
1942:
1931:. Retrieved
1917:
1906:
1897:
1886:. Retrieved
1884:(in Turkish)
1881:
1857:
1848:
1837:. Retrieved
1833:
1823:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1770:
1756:
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1740:
1730:
1716:
1705:. Retrieved
1703:(in Turkish)
1700:
1691:
1680:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:Carbon Brief
1610:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1561:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:
1537:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:Yeşil Gazete
1497:
1488:
1477:. Retrieved
1475:. 2024-09-03
1473:Carbon Brief
1472:
1463:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:
1438:
1430:
1414:
1403:. Retrieved
1401:. 2024-09-05
1377:. Retrieved
1372:
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1347:
1322:. Retrieved
1318:
1309:
1288:
1269:
1255:
1238:
1225:
1207:
1178:
1137:estimated CO
1134:
1098:
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1080:
1073:
1058:
1031:
1013:
930:
894:
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872:
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834:
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779:
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723:
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492:
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463:
452:
449:
418:
374:
359:
356:
337:
120:
104:particulates
93:
68:
66:
4362:Silahtarağa
4333:Bolu Göynük
4321:18 Mart Çan
3532:Sierra Club
3457:Yeşil Afşin
2358:Yeşil Afşin
2165:Yeşil Afşin
2005:Sierra Club
1882:Kahraman TV
1523:www.who.int
1213:diseases."
1165:Secunda CTL
1064:pollution.”
973:. Formerly
560:Operational
175:Operational
121:As of 2024
4445:Categories
4279:Tufanbeyli
4267:Soma Kolin
4168:Coal-fired
4149:– 140.4 MW
4080:– 1,000 MW
3989:Demirköprü
3941:Burç Bendi
3895:– 2,400 MW
3857:Alpaslan-2
3851:Alpaslan-1
3785:Geothermal
3759:– 4,480 MW
3751:– 4,800 MW
3618:2021-12-11
3581:2020-04-02
3556:2020-03-08
3513:2020-03-03
3492:2020-03-03
3463:2020-08-19
3390:: 111423.
3364:2020-12-29
3320:(Report).
3281:(Report).
3234:2024-07-20
3208:2024-07-20
3182:2021-10-13
3157:2020-12-21
3136:2021-01-09
3130:KahramanTV
3096:: 101577.
3066:2021-05-11
3023:2024-09-06
2985:2024-09-05
2964:2024-07-21
2939:2024-07-21
2904:2024-08-19
2878:2023-04-08
2849:2019-01-10
2818:2023-04-08
2789:2020-06-12
2743:2017-12-17
2648:2021-01-09
2623:2020-10-16
2598:2020-10-05
2553:2020-08-19
2510:2021-10-10
2481:2021-09-22
2432:2020-01-28
2407:2020-10-05
2382:2019-10-06
2339:2020-10-17
2308:2023-03-26
2281:2022-03-16
2256:2021-10-03
2200:2021-12-11
2171:2023-03-26
2146:2021-10-16
2121:2020-10-05
2093:2021-10-17
2054:2024-07-21
1958:2020-11-29
1933:2021-10-13
1888:2020-01-28
1839:2019-12-04
1815:Greenpeace
1747:2021-01-09
1707:2019-12-16
1666:IV. Series
1612:2024-07-20
1552:2024-07-15
1547:bianet.org
1528:2024-07-22
1504:2024-07-15
1479:2024-09-05
1454:2024-07-22
1425:(Report).
1405:2024-09-06
1379:2024-07-15
1354:2021-01-09
1324:2020-10-24
1301:Greenpeace
1281:References
1175:Opposition
1121:Fuat Oktay
870:annually.
776:Opposition
498:Technology
467:Greenpeace
100:Greenpeace
61:See also:
4381:- 1540 MW
4372:Gas-fired
4345:Çolakoğlu
4327:Çatalağzı
4303:Tunçbilek
4261:Seyitömer
4233:– 1200 MW
4227:– 1200 MW
4221:– 1230 MW
4215:– 1308 MW
4209:– 1320 MW
4203:– 1320 MW
4197:– 1355 MW
4191:– 1400 MW
4185:– 1440 MW
4129:Dağpazarı
4125:– 47.5 MW
4078:Karapınar
4037:Gökçekaya
3947:Çamlıgöze
3943:– 27.9 MW
3863:Altınkaya
3841:– 265.5 M
3798:Kızıldere
3776:Renewable
3420:222237434
3404:0301-4797
3112:0301-4207
1640:12 August
1196:to limit
1141:emissions
1092:Economics
963:coalfield
647:22 %
4387:– 480 MW
4353:– 160 MW
4347:– 190 MW
4341:– 210 MW
4339:Orhaneli
4335:– 270 MW
4329:– 315 MW
4323:– 320 MW
4317:– 330 MW
4311:– 350 MW
4305:– 365 MW
4299:– 405 MW
4293:– 405 MW
4287:– 420 MW
4281:– 450 MW
4275:– 457 MW
4269:– 510 MW
4263:– 600 MW
4257:– 620 MW
4255:Çayırhan
4251:– 630 MW
4245:– 653 MW
4243:Kemerköy
4239:– 990 MW
4143:– 174 MW
4119:– 135 MW
4113:– 193 MW
4055:Gürsöğüt
4049:Güllübağ
4039:– 278 MW
4033:– 159 MW
4021:– 300 MW
4015:– 110 MW
4003:– 670 MW
3967:– 100 MW
3965:Çınarcık
3961:– 405 MW
3955:– 169 MW
3937:– 513 MW
3931:– 300 MW
3925:– 672 MW
3919:– 510 MW
3907:– 160 MW
3899:Bahçelik
3883:– 138 MW
3881:Aslantaş
3877:– 340 MW
3871:– 237 MW
3865:– 700 MW
3859:– 280 MW
3853:– 160 MW
3833:Alaköprü
3823:– 115 MW
3815:Adıgüzel
3792:Gümüşköy
3643:See also
3412:33031999
3228:Turkstat
3202:Turkstat
3094:Elsevier
2958:Archived
2930:Archived
2872:Archived
2812:Archived
2504:Archived
2475:BBC News
2194:Archived
1927:Archived
1669:Archived
1658:Archived
1429:. 2022.
1067:In 2024
1027:open pit
1021:mine in
979:Kışlaköy
956:Elbistan
581:Owner(s)
488:lobbying
196:Owner(s)
4402:italics
4351:ZETES-1
4309:İzdemir
4285:Yeniköy
4249:Yatağan
4231:Bekirli
4219:ZETES-2
4189:ZETES-3
4137:– 33 MW
4131:– 39 MW
4057:−242 MW
4051:– 96 MW
4045:– 11 MW
4031:Gezende
4027:– 49 MW
4019:Ermenek
4009:– 29 MW
4001:Deriner
3997:– 58 MW
3995:Derbent
3991:– 69 MW
3985:−240 MW
3979:– 47 MW
3973:– 29 MW
3971:Cindere
3953:Çatalan
3949:– 33 MW
3935:Boyabat
3923:Birecik
3913:– 10 MW
3893:Atatürk
3847:– 27 MW
3839:Alkumru
3835:– 26 MW
3829:– 13 MW
3821:Akköprü
3817:– 62 MW
3800:– 95 MW
3794:– 13 MW
3740:Nuclear
3695:by the
3670:by the
1019:lignite
960:lignite
823:lignite
748:History
738:lignite
688:Website
609:Lignite
543:Country
504:lignite
441:reverse
407:History
389:mercury
385:CALPUFF
343:lignite
319:/energy
308:Website
158:Country
27:Country
4273:Kangal
4161:Fossil
4111:Aliağa
4074:– 6 MW
4025:Garzan
3929:Borçka
3911:Berdan
3905:Batman
3901:– 7 MW
3889:– 5 MW
3875:Artvin
3778:energy
3748:Akkuyu
3418:
3410:
3402:
3110:
2764:17 May
2573:Bianet
1908:bianet
1859:Bianet
1794:Birgün
990:sulfur
701:/en-US
557:Status
549:Turkey
172:Status
164:Turkey
110:. The
85:Turkey
33:Turkey
4379:Gebze
4315:Çan-2
4225:Atlas
4201:Cenal
4141:Şamlı
4123:Çanta
4117:Bahçe
4088:Waste
4065:Solar
4043:Gönen
4013:Dicle
3983:Cizre
3959:Çetin
3917:Berke
3887:Atasu
3869:Arkun
3845:Almus
3756:Sinop
3416:S2CID
3318:(PDF)
3279:(PDF)
2933:(PDF)
2922:(PDF)
2843:(PDF)
2836:(PDF)
2737:(PDF)
2730:(PDF)
2684:(PDF)
2666:(PDF)
2452:Sabah
2328:Sabah
1987:(PDF)
1811:(PDF)
1701:Sabah
1583:[
1423:(PDF)
1297:(PDF)
1217:Notes
848:Afşin
740:from
726:Afşin
713:[
695:.euas
445:liras
327:[
77:Afşin
42:[
4291:Biga
4237:Soma
4147:Soma
4104:Wind
3977:Çine
3827:Aksu
3408:PMID
3400:ISSN
3108:ISSN
2898:EÜAŞ
2766:2019
2712:2018
1642:2020
1163:was
1042:Seam
1001:Mine
935:Coal
917:TOKİ
877:and
856:lira
811:lira
697:.gov
573:2006
315:.com
188:1984
106:and
71:are
67:The
4135:Mut
3686:at
3661:on
3392:doi
3388:277
3098:doi
860:TWh
850:in
728:in
699:.tr
693:www
349:.
317:/en
83:in
79:in
4447::
3530:.
3437:.
3414:.
3406:.
3398:.
3386:.
3382:.
3356:.
3299:.
3267:^
3225:.
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2086:.
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2003:.
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1856:.
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1317:.
1299:.
1127:.
983:CO
827:CO
800:MW
758:CO
425:CO
340:MW
118:.
91:.
3725:e
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