2933:; An Ethnic Interpretation of Pauranika Personages, 1971, p 34, Chandra Chakraberty; Revue internationale, 1803, p 803; Journal of Indian History: Golden Jubilee Volume, 1973, p 470, Trivandrum, India (City). University of Kerala. Dept. of History; Edinburgh University Publications, 1969, p 113, University of Edinburgh; Shi jie jian wen, 1930, p 68 by Shi jie zhi shi chu ban she. Cf also: Advanced History of Medieval India, 1983, p 31, Dr J. L. Mehta; Asian Relations, 1948, p 301, Asian Relations Organization ("Distributed in the United States by: Institute of Pacific Relations, New York."); Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1892, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society - Geography; The geographical dictionary of ancient and mediaeval India, 1971, p 87, Nundo Lal Dey; Nag Sen of Milind Paáč
hö, 1996, p 64, P. K. Kaul - Social Science; The Sultanate of Delhi, 1959, p 30, Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava; Journal of Indian History, 1965, p 354, University of Kerala Dept. of History, University of Allahabad Dept. of Modern Indian History, University of Travancore - India; Mémoires sur les contrées occidentales, 1858, p 313, fn 3, Stanislas Julien Xuanzang - Buddhism.
2929:: The Numismatic Chronicle, 1893, p 100, Royal Numismatic Society (Great Britain); Awq, 1983, p 5, Giorgio Vercellin; Der Islam, 1960, p 58, Carl Heinrich Becker, MaymĆ«n ibn al-QÄsim TabarÄnÄ«; Journal of Indian History: Golden Jubilee Volume, 1973, p 470, Trivandrum, India (City), University of Kerala. Dept. of History; Literary History of Ancient India in Relation to Its Racial and Linguistic Affiliations, 1970, p 17, Chandra Chakraberty; Stile der Portugiesischen lyrik im 20 jahrhundert, p 124, Winfried Kreutzen.; See: Works, 1865, p 164, Dr H. H. Wilson; The Earth and Its Inhabitants, 1891, p 83; Chants populaires des Afghans, 1880, p clxiv, James Darmesteter; Nouvelle geographie universelle v. 9, 1884, p.59, ElisĂ©e Reclus; Alexander the Great, 2004, p.318, Lewis Vance Cummings (Biography & Autobiography); Nouveau dictionnaire de gĂ©ographie universelle contenant 1o La gĂ©ographie physique ... 2o La .., 1879, Louis Rousselet,
1235:
244:
1278:. Moreove, a letter from you, so I have heard how written to me concerning my health. I arrived in good health (and) afterwards (?) I heard that a message was sent thither to you (saying ) thus : ... look after the farming but the order was given to you thus. You should hand over the grain and then request it from the citizens store: I will not order, so ... I myself order and in respect of winter sends men thither to you then look after the farming. To Ormuzd Bunukan, Greetings."
1150:
3746:
1139:
3756:
49:
1517:"He retired, therefore, with his family, and a number of Arab retainers, into the Sulaiman Mountains, situated between Multan and Peshawar, where he took up his residence, and gave his daughter in marriage to one of the Afghan chiefs, who had become a proselyte to Mahomedism. From this marriage many children were born, among whom were two sons famous in history. The one
3005:); The Jataka, VI, p 110, (Trans. E. B. Cowell) + Videvati XIV.5-6 + Herodotus (I.140); Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1912, p 256, Dr Grierson; Das Volk Der Kamboja bei Yaska, First Series of Avesta, Pahlavi and Ancient Persian Studies in honour of the late Shams-ul-ulama Dastur Peshotanji Behramji Sanjana, Strassberg & Leipzig, 1904, pp 213 ff, Dr Ernst Kuhn
151:
90:
2159:
inclusive term for all ethnic groups was an effort begun by the "modernizing" King
Amanullah (1909-1921), who went as far as printing the four different languages on the four corners of his money. Later this was continued by King Mohammad Zahir, who tried to unify the country under the banner of Afghan.
2158:
In
Afghanistan, up until the 1970s, the common reference to Afghan meant Pashtun. Other groups were known as Farsiwan, meaning Persian-speakers. Tajiks (northeast region), Uzbeks (northern region), Turkmen (northern region), Kazak (northern region). or Hazara (central region). The term Afghan as an
1853:
has borne that name only since the middle of the 18th century, when the supremacy of the Afghan race became assured: previously various districts bore distinct apellations, however the country was not a definite political unit, and its component parts were not bound together by any identity of race
3054:
E. Benveniste: "The
Kambojas ... were known in Indian traditions as a foreign people, with peculiar customs, ... raised celebrated horses, spoke - as the Nirukata (II,2.8) tells us - a language with Iranian words in it ... and had, according to Buddhist Jataka (VI.206, 27-30), a certain religious
2835:, a horse, and shows that their country must have been noted in ancient times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. Asvaka was an important tribe settled north to Kabul river, which offered a gallant resistance but ineffectual resistance to the arms of Alexander "
2387:, a horse, and shows that their country must have been noted in ancient times, as it is at the present day, for its superior breed of horses. Asvaka was an important tribe settled north to Kabul river, which offered a gallant resistance but ineffectual resistance to the arms of Alexander "
3030:: "The Kambojas, located somewhere in east Afghanistan, spoke Iranian language and followed Zoroastrian habits of killing lower animals." (Early Eastern Iran and the Atharvaveda, Persica-9, 1980, fn 81, p 114; Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, Vol. 7 (2001), issue 3 (May 25), Art. 9).
1804:
of the KohistĂĄn (the mountains), and how matters stood there, they said, "Don't call it KohistĂĄn, but AfghĂĄnistĂĄn; for there is nothing there but AfghĂĄns and disturbances." Thus it is clear that for this reason the people of the country call their home in
3022:
literature, the
Kamboja was the center of ancient Iranian civilization as is evidenced by the peculiar customs of the country " (Ref: The Kamboja Janapada, January 1964, Purana, Vol VI, No 1, p 229; Jataka edited by Fausboll, Vol VI, p 210.)
1854:
or language. The earlier meaning of the word was simply "the land of the
Afghans", a limited territory which did not include many parts of the present state but did comprise large districts now either independent or within the boundary of
3033:
Dr D. C. Sircar: "The
Kambojas were of Iranian extractions .. they were settled in Afghanistan region in Uttarapatha. Their numbers were occasionally swelled by new migrants from Iran, especially during age of Achaemenians."
1484:"We travelled on to Kabul, formerly a vast town, the site of which is now occupied by Afghans. They hold mountains and defiles and possess considerable strength, and are mostly highwaymen. Their principal mountain is called
1759:"The road from KhorasÄn leads by way of KandahÄr. It is a straight level road, and does not go through any hill-passes... In the country of KÄbul there are many and various tribes. Its valleys and plains are inhabited by
1394:"Ninhar, a place of which the king makes a show of Islam, and has many wives, (namely) over thirty Muslim, Afghan, and Hindu (wives). The rest of the people are idolaters. In (Ninhar) there are three large idols."
3073:(Ref: Bharatiya Itihaas Ki Rup Rekha, p 229-231, Jaychandra Vidyalankar; Bhartrya Itihaas ki Mimansa, p 229-301, J. C. Vidyalankar; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 217, 221, J. L. Kamboj).
1557:; but others, stubborn and self-willed, refusing to embrace the true faith, leaving their country, came to India, and eventually settled in the Sulimany mountains, where they bore the name of Afghans."
2608:
A Glossary Of The Tribes And Castes Of The Punjab And North-West
Frontier Province Vol. 3 By H.A. Rose, Denzil Ibbetson Sir Published by Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 1997, Page 211,
2816:"Even the name Afghan is Aryan being derived from Asvakayana, an important clan of the Asvakas or horsemen who must have derived this title from their handling of celebrated breeds of horses"
2359:"Even the name Afghan is Aryan being derived from Asvakayana, an important clan of the Asvakas or horsemen who must have derived this title from their handling of celebrated breeds of horses"
1442:"The Afghans and Khiljis who resided among the mountains having taken the oath of allegiance to Subooktugeen, many of them were enlisted in his army, after which he returned in triumph to
2189:
The largest ethnic group in
Afghanistan is that of Pashtuns, who were historically known as the Afghans. The term Afghan is now intended to indicate people of other ethnic groups as well.
2483:
3338:
3059:
books like the
Videvati (XIV.5-6) as well as from the remark of Herodotus (I.140) about the Persian religion " (Journal Asiatique, CCXLVI 1958, I, pp 47-48, E. Benveniste).
1998:
Samuel G. Benjamin (1887) derived the name Afghan from a term for 'wailing', which the
Persians are said to have contemptuously used for their plaintive eastern neighbors.
1180:
1300:"-bid the Afghan... Moreover, they are in nu (?) because of the Afghans, so impose a penalty on Nat Kharagan ... ... Lord of Warnu with ... ... ...the Afghan... ..."
1238:
Bactrian document in the Greek script from the 4th century mentioning the word Afghan (αÎČÎłÎ±ÎœÎ±ÎœÎż): "From Ormuzd Bunukan to Bredag Watanan, the chief of the Afghans."
937:
2231:
The earliest mention of the name 'Afghan' (Abgan) is to be found in a Sasanid inscription from the 3rd century, and it appears in India in the form of 'Avagana'...
888:
279:
1510:
3711:
1813:; however the reason for this is not known. But it occurs to me, that when, under the rule of Muhammadan sovereigns, MusulmĂĄns first came to the city of
1113:
1289:"because (pl.), the clan of the Afghans, said thus to me: ... And you should not have denied (?) the men of Rob the Afghans took (away) the horses."
1258:
during the 3rd century CE. In the 4th century, the word "Afghans/Afghana" (αÎČÎłÎ±ÎœÎ±ÎœÎż) was used in reference to a particular people as mentioned in the
923:
643:
838:
3660:
3354:
2899:
2621:
2593:
2527:
2255:
2182:
2151:
1091:
898:
3127:
3087:
868:
3385:
2747:
2633:
1173:
3721:
2453:
1118:
1108:
1101:
858:
114:
62:
2172:
3795:
3193:
2781:
2720:
2686:
2613:
2559:
2283:
2216:
2174:
Afghanistan Graveyard of Empires: Why the Most Powerful Armies of Their Time Found Only Defeat or Shame in This Land Of Endless Wars
1061:
205:
187:
169:
161:
132:
76:
2141:
3071:
Cf: "Zoroastrian religion had probably originated in Kamboja-land (Bacteria-Badakshan)....and the Kambojas spoke Avestan language"
1967:
is said to belong to the tribe of descendants of Afghana in the neighborhood of Mecca, although actually he was from the tribe of
3635:
2113:
1056:
3790:
3780:
1166:
1142:
1123:
1071:
933:
223:
3680:
1492:
ascended this mountain and having looked out over India, which was then covered with darkness, returned without entering it."
260:
1234:
3044:: "The name Kamboja was commonly applied in Indian sources to the Iranian population of the borderlands i.e Afghanistan." (
3220:
919:
828:
808:
3287:
3097:
2930:
2759:
1266:"To Ormuzd Bunukan, from Bredag Watanan ... greetings and homage from ... the sotang (?) of Parpaz (under) the glorious
1086:
908:
878:
1971:. After conversion to Islam, Khalid invited his kinsmen, the Children of Israel of Ghor, to Islam. A deputation led by
1458:, while on another occasion Mahmud Ghaznavi attacked and punished a group of opposing Afghans, as also corroborated by
493:
319:
3266:
Gankovsky, Yu. V., et al. "A History of Afghanistan." Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1982. 8vo. Cloth. 359 p. USD 22.50
3055:
practice - the killing of insects, moths, snakes and worms - which we may recognize as Mazdean from the passages in
758:
251:
3470:
3278:
1570:
The coined term of Afghanistan came into place in 1855, officially recognized by the British during the reign of
1338:
269:
105:
1988:
243:
3716:
3402:
3378:
788:
2043:, which refers to mountaineers, and in the case of transliterated Armenian characters, would be pronounced as
30:
This article is about the historic ethnonym. For the modern definition and state citizens of Afghanistan, see
3675:
3580:
2885:
2491:
2245:
1489:
35:
3800:
3169:
2863:, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of
2433:, and this reappears scarcely modified in the Assakani or Assakeni of the historians of the expedition of
2208:
1841:
1763:, AimÄks, and Arabs. In the city and the greater part of the villages, the population consists of TÄjiks*(
1525:; who each, subsequently, became head of the tribes which to this day bear their name. I have read in the
1066:
818:
798:
349:
232:
68:
1345:"It would be unfavourable to the people of Chola, the Afghans (AvagÄáča), the white Huns and the Chinese."
3685:
3128:"The History of India, Volume 6, chpt. 200, Translation of the Introduction to Firishta's History (p.8)"
1880:
399:
1406:("History of the Indus"), which describes groups of rebellious Afghans in the tribal lands west of the
3630:
3595:
3550:
1518:
3700:
3520:
3515:
3410:
3371:
3051:
Dr R. Thapar: "The Kambojas were a tribe of the Iranians " (History of India, Vol. I, 1997, p 276).
2942:
Journal of American Oriental society, 1889, p 257, American Oriental Society; Mahabharata 10.18.13.
2864:
2434:
2118:
1729:
1707:
1096:
1076:
3755:
2583:
1867:
There are a number of other hypotheses suggested for the name historically, all of them obsolete.
1664:
3785:
3640:
3615:
3530:
3510:
3460:
3430:
3420:
3135:
3101:
1948:
1912:
1671:
1571:
1485:
1383:
1154:
633:
503:
448:
369:
2917:(Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J. W. McCrindle).
2812:(Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J.W. McCrindle).
2742:
2644:
2278:. Oxford: The Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press.
2519:
Báčhat SaáčhitÄ of VarÄhamihira: with english translation, exhaustive notes and literary comments
2310:(Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J.W. McCrindle).
3726:
3605:
3600:
3480:
3350:
3304:
3189:
3183:
3002:
2895:
2777:
2716:
2710:
2682:
2676:
2617:
2609:
2589:
2555:
2523:
2461:
2279:
2251:
2212:
2178:
2147:
2081:
2045:
1972:
1874:
1506:
1379:
1356:
563:
533:
309:
100:
2889:
2665:
R. Khanam, Encyclopaedic ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia: P-Z, Volume 3 - Page 18
2549:
3670:
3620:
3575:
3555:
3545:
3445:
3325:
3292:
3157:
3041:
1979:
to meet Muhammad and embraced Islam. Muhammad lavished blessings on them, and gave the name
1964:
1928:
1740:
1719:
1691:
1656:
1549:; and that when the prophet Moses got the better of that infidel who was overwhelmed in the
1459:
1451:
1016:
653:
583:
289:
2980:
In the Anushasnaparava section of Mahabharata, the Kambojas are specifically designated as
1359:, where a reference is made to the village of Saul, which was estimated to be located near
3645:
3560:
3540:
3425:
3415:
3342:
2818:(See: Imprints of Indian Thought and Culture Abroad, p 124, Vivekananda Kendra Prakashan).
2751:
2361:(See: Imprints of Indian Thought and Culture abroad, p 124, Vivekananda Kendra Prakashan).
1968:
1832:
1806:
1660:
1603:
1364:
1267:
1255:
1205:
848:
573:
409:
359:
329:
2837:(Ref: Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1999, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society).
2389:(Ref: Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1999, p 275, Royal Scottish Geographical Society).
1951:
of the east continually increased in number in the countries around Ghor which included
3690:
3625:
3590:
3525:
3505:
3495:
3455:
3440:
3435:
3296:
3027:
2096:
1992:
1920:
1850:
1810:
1797:
1788:
The name "Afghanistan" is also mentioned in the writings of the 16th-century historian
1771:, ParÄchis, TÄjiks, Berekis, and Afghans... In the hill-country to the north-east lies
1760:
1752:
1695:
1538:
1467:
1463:
778:
703:
693:
613:
593:
523:
429:
379:
2915:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... "
2810:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... "
2308:"The name Afghan has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... "
1480:
traveler, visiting Afghanistan following the era of the Khilji dynasty in 1333 writes.
3774:
3749:
3731:
3650:
3610:
3585:
3565:
3500:
3475:
3465:
3450:
1884:
1855:
1768:
1675:
1522:
1422:
1201:
1026:
981:
768:
748:
728:
623:
553:
389:
339:
1983:
to Qais, who returned to Ghor successfully to propagate Islam. Qais had three sons,
3570:
3535:
3490:
3485:
3394:
2870:
2440:
2001:
1916:
1598:, which means "killing, striking, throwing and resisting, or defending." Under the
1334:
1001:
738:
683:
513:
2873:
words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological..by Henry Yule, AD Burnell).
2443:
words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological..by Henry Yule, AD Burnell).
2585:
Hudud al-'Alam 'The Regions of the World' - A Persian Geography 372 A.H. (982 AD)
2517:
2202:
2024:, meaning "white", or "mountain", as mountains are often white-capped with snow (
3759:
3316:
Hanifi, M. Jamil (2023). ""Afghan" in Afghanistan: Idols in the Land of Idols".
1817:, and dwelt there, the people of India (for that reason) called them PatĂĄnsâbut
1748:
1497:
1473:
1455:
1407:
1275:
1271:
1223:
1021:
948:
483:
438:
2247:
Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History
2085:
1919:. Some four centuries after Afghana, in the 6th century BCE, Bakhtunnasar, or
1772:
1744:
1652:
1431:
1414:
1036:
1011:
1006:
663:
603:
458:
17:
3308:
2201:
Noelle-Karimi, Christine; Conrad J. Schetter; Reinhard Schlagintweit (2002).
1931:
and exiled the descendants of Afghana, some of whom went to the mountains of
1899:. Afghana was supposedly a son of Irmia (Jeremia), who was in turn a son of
3092:
2032:
1644:
1599:
1530:
1399:
976:
673:
419:
2143:
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Asian American Literature [3 volumes]
1698:. Some scholars believe Zoroastrianism originated in the land of Kambojas.
1615:
1323:
3329:
3123:
2846:
2824:
2755:
2638:
2407:
2376:
1956:
1944:
1789:
1714:
1687:
1632:
1595:
1562:
1534:
1435:
1329:
The term "Afghan" is later recorded in the 6th century CE in the form of
1251:
1215:
1194:
996:
2641:, History of the Rise of Mohammedan Power in India, Volume 1: Section 15
3056:
3019:
2849:
2410:
1984:
1636:
1620:
1587:
1582:
Some scholars suggest that the word "Afghan" is derived from the words
1554:
1550:
1546:
1477:
1319:
1259:
1219:
991:
543:
31:
2262:
ang ( ? ) of Parpaz ( under ) thal, the chief ... of the Afghans
3015:
2842:
2403:
2346:
The Earth and Its Inhabitants, 1891, p 83, ĂlisĂ©e Reclus - Geography.
2054:
1976:
1960:
1940:
1801:
1648:
1443:
1427:
1360:
1031:
986:
2095:
Scholars such as Yu Gankovsky have attempted to link "Afghan" to an
2334:
Etude Sur la Geog Grecque & c, pp 39-47, M. V. de Saint Martin.
1915:
of the army. Neither Afghana nor Jeremia son of Saul figure in the
1809:
AfghĂĄnistĂĄn, and themselves AfghĂĄns. The people of India call them
3083:
2017:
1952:
1936:
1924:
1908:
1818:
1814:
1780:
1736:
1640:
1529:, a work written by a respectable author, and which I procured at
1450:
Al-Utbi further states that Afghans and Ghiljis made up a part of
1233:
299:
2322:
Indische Alterthumskunde, Vol I, fn 6; also Vol II, p 129, et al.
3349:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 481.
2318:
2316:
2028:
1932:
1900:
1896:
1764:
1679:
1542:
1305:
Bactrian documents, 4th century, Sims-Williams 2007b, pp. 90-91.
1294:
Bactrian documents, 4th century, Sims-Williams 2007b, pp. 90-91.
3367:
3363:
1606:, the word was used to refer to men of a certain Persian sect.
1430:) living between Laghman and Peshawar enlisted in the army of
144:
83:
42:
2967:
Aruppa-Niddesa of Visuddhimagga by Buddhaghosa describes the
2823:"Their name (Afghan) means "cavalier" being derived from the
2375:"Their name (Afghan) means "cavalier" being derived from the
2342:
2340:
2069:
as a reference to the eastern highlanders or "mountaineers".
1800:
also went home; and whenever they were questioned about the
1767:). Many other of the villages and districts are occupied by
1218:. Since the second half of the twentieth century, the term "
1935:
in present-day Afghanistan and some to the neighborhood of
1907:). Afghana was orphaned at a young age, and brought up by
1426:
records that many Afghans and Khiljis (possibly the modern
2990:
ete 'ashava.yuddha.kushalahdasinatyasi charminah. || 5 ||.
1775:, such as Kattor and Gebrek. To the south is AfghÄnistÄn."
2854:(Ref: Sva, 1915, p 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood).
2715:(reprint, illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 180.
2415:(Ref: Sva, 1915, p 113, Christopher Molesworth Birdwood).
1735:
is mentioned in writing by the 16th century Mughal ruler
1651:, which was the name used for ancient inhabitants of the
1470:
in 1290, Afghans have been well known in northern India.
1462:. It is recorded that Afghans were also enrolled in the
1911:. When Solomon became king, Afghana was promoted as the
1739:
and his descendants, referring to the territory between
2894:(Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. p. 99.
2429:"The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a
2330:
2328:
3134:. London: Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from
2859:"The name represents Sanskrit Asvaka in the sense of a
3038:, Vol. V, No. 2, July 1963, p 256, Dr D. C. Sircar).
2582:
Minorsky, V. V.; Bosworth, C. E. (31 January 2015).
1991:
and Ghourghusht, who are progenitors of the various
1723:
1371:"Saul, a pleasant village on a mountain. In it live
1226:, including those outside of the Pashtun ethnicity.
3699:
3659:
3401:
3185:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936
2678:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936
1674:Mahabharata speaks about Kambojas among the finest
1350:
VarÄha Mihira, 6th century CE, chapt. 11, verse 61.
3347:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica, Volume I/5: AdatâAfghanistan
3286:
2397:
2395:
1722:suffix for "place of". The Pashto translation of
3279:Biases and Controversies around the word "Afghan
2987:tatha Yavana Kamboja Mathuram.abhitash cha ye |
2774:Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present
2454:"Sanskritdictionary.com: Definition of avagÄáča"
1847:
1794:
1757:
1515:
1482:
1440:
1392:
1369:
1343:
1298:
1287:
1264:
2643:. Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from
2006:An Inquiry into the Ethnography of Afghanistan
1619:which means "horsemen", "horse breeders", or "
1398:In the 11th century, Afghans are mentioned in
1222:" evolved into a demonym for all residents of
3379:
3014:* Dr V. S. Agarwala writes: "As shown in the
2958:......(|| Samangalavilasini, Vol I, p 124||).
1963:and made wars with the infidels around them.
1214:) has been used historically to refer to the
1209:
1174:
8:
3285:Fikrat, Mohammad Asef; Umar, Suheyl (2008).
2756:Muhammad QÄsim HindĆ« Ć Äh AstarÄbÄdÄ« FiriĆĄtah
2543:
2541:
2539:
2276:Bactrian documents from northern Afghanistan
1728:is prominent in many languages of Asia. The
1655:. This view was propounded by scholars like
2516:VarÄhamihira; Bhat, M. Ramakrishna (1981).
1553:, many of the Copts became converts to the
1454:'s army and were sent on his expedition to
110:messy grammar/spelling and poor formatting.
77:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3386:
3372:
3364:
2927:See few more references on Asvaka = Afghan
2796:
1322:, with the name Afghan being derived from
1181:
1167:
217:
2869:(Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial
2439:(Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial
2080:, which in turn derives from the ancient
1355:The word Afghan also appeared in the 982
1318:has been preserved in that of the modern
1270:, the chief of the Afghans, the judge of
206:Learn how and when to remove this message
188:Learn how and when to remove this message
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
2744:History Of The Mohamedan Power In India
2511:
2509:
2204:Afghanistan -a country without a state?
2129:
231:
220:
27:Historic term for ethnic Pashtun people
2712:Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354
2423:
2421:
2369:
2367:
2354:
2352:
1466:(1148â1215). By the beginning of the
7:
2522:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 143.
2135:
2133:
3188:. Vol. 2. BRILL. p. 146.
3001:Jataka, Vol VI, pp 208, 210 (trans
2634:"AMEER NASIR-OOD-DEEN SUBOOKTUGEEN"
2588:. Gibb Memorial Trust. p. 91.
2057:, this would further be altered to
1863:Historical and obsolete suggestions
1210:
3231:Persia, p 142, Samuel G. Benjamin.
3182:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1987).
2969:Kamboja land as the base of horses
2211:, United States: IKO. p. 18.
2171:Tyler, John A. (10 October 2021).
2140:Huang, Guiyou (30 December 2008).
1682:texts describe their lands as the
1410:in what is now known as Pakistan.
160:tone or style may not reflect the
25:
1382:also speaks of a king in Ninhar (
1242:The earliest mention of the name
58:This article has multiple issues.
3754:
3745:
3744:
2494:Online Edition. 15 December 1983
2274:Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2000).
2244:Balogh, DĂĄniel (12 March 2020).
2114:List of country name etymologies
1613:evidently derives from the word
1148:
1138:
1137:
242:
170:guide to writing better articles
149:
88:
47:
2956:Kamboja the birthplace of horse
2776:. Reaktion Books. p. 317.
2554:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 18.
1511:Muslim rule in the subcontinent
1283:Bactrian documents, 4th century
66:or discuss these issues on the
3712:British Indian Ocean Territory
3088:"Events Of The Year 910 (p.5)"
2072:Michanovsky suggests the name
1895:, identified as a grandson of
1609:Another view is that the name
1:
3301:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
3217:The Pathans: 550 BC - AD 1957
3046:The Afghans (Peoples of Asia)
2841:"Afghans are Assakani of the
2762:Persian Texts in Translation.
2402:"Afghans are Assakani of the
1891:to an eponymous ancestor, an
1663:, M. V. de Saint Martin, and
1509:writing about the history of
3253:Gary W. Bowersox, Bonita E,
3098:Packard Humanities Institute
2931:Louis Vivien de Saint-Martin
2760:Packard Humanities Institute
3084:Zahir ud-Din Mohammad Babur
1724:
1114:Hindu and Buddhist heritage
924:Transitional Administration
494:Principality of Chaghaniyan
108:. The specific problem is:
3817:
2952:Kambojo assa.nam ayata.nam
2681:. BRILL. pp. 150â51.
2548:Vogelsang, Willem (2002).
2298:A small kingdom in Bactria
2177:. Aries Consolidated LLC.
2103:" said to mean "original".
1849:"The country now known as
1712:The last part of the name
1705:
970:Related historical regions
29:
3740:
3124:Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah
2250:. Barkhuis. p. 144.
2008:, believes that the name
1883:, written in 1612 at the
1751:, which was inhabited by
1333:by the Indian astronomer
270:Indus Valley civilisation
3796:Pashto words and phrases
3461:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3337:Kieffer, Ch. M. (1983).
3255:Gemstones of Afghanistan
3240:John Charles Griffiths,
2886:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra
2675:Houtsma, M. Th. (1993).
789:Principality of Qandahar
3722:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2016:which derives from the
1541:, that the Afghans are
36:Afghan (disambiguation)
3791:Country name etymology
3781:History of Afghanistan
3170:Encyclopaedia of Islam
2982:Ashava.yuddha.kushalah
2845:; this word being the
2797:Fikrat & Umar 2008
2772:Lee, Jonathan (2019).
2458:sanskritdictionary.com
2406:; this word being the
2209:University of Michigan
2076:derives from Sanskrit
1860:
1829:
1796:"The men of KĂĄbul and
1786:
1568:
1503:
1488:. It is told that the
1448:
1396:
1377:
1353:
1308:
1297:
1286:
1239:
1155:Afghanistan portal
1092:List of heads of state
350:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
34:. For other uses, see
3330:10.3366/afg.2023.0112
2984:(expert cavalrymen).
2413:meaning 'horsemen' "
1881:Nimat Allah al-Harawi
1842:EncyclopĂŠdia of Islam
1831:Regarding the modern
1237:
400:Indo-Parthian kingdom
380:Indo-Scythian kingdom
3636:United Arab Emirates
3156:M. Longworth Dames,
2709:Ibn Battuta (2004).
2492:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
2092:, or "high country".
1943:. Until the time of
115:improve this article
104:to meet Knowledge's
3663:limited recognition
3281:" â Nasimfekrat.com
3104:on 14 November 2012
2852:meaning 'horsemen'"
2119:Name of Afghanistan
1826:Ferishta, 1560-1620
1708:Name of Afghanistan
1602:, and possibly the
1545:of the race of the
1386:), who had Muslim,
859:Democratic Republic
2750:2009-02-11 at the
1949:Children of Israel
1913:commander-in-chief
1887:, traces the name
1807:their own language
1572:Dost Mohammad Khan
1268:Yabghu of Hephthal
1240:
1062:Political violence
869:Tanai coup attempt
504:Rashidun Caliphate
449:Hephthalite Empire
370:Indo-Greek kingdom
3768:
3767:
3705:other territories
3356:978-0-71009-094-2
3293:Madelung, Wilferd
2901:978-8-12080-436-4
2622:978-81-85297-70-5
2595:978-1-909724-75-4
2529:978-81-208-0098-4
2257:978-94-93194-01-4
2184:978-1-387-68356-7
2153:978-1-56720-736-1
1753:tribes of Afghans
1490:prophet Sulayman
1390:and Hindu wives.
1191:
1190:
1082:Afghan (ethnonym)
1057:Political history
961:
960:
809:Saqqawist Emirate
759:Sadozai Sultanate
712:
711:
498:7thâ8th centuries
467:
466:
320:Macedonian Empire
310:Achaemenid Empire
280:Oxus civilization
216:
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164:used on Knowledge
162:encyclopedic tone
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106:quality standards
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16:(Redirected from
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3717:Christmas Island
3403:Sovereign states
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3303:. Brill Online.
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3172:, Online Edition
3160:, R. Ghirshman,
3158:G. Morgenstierne
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3132:Sir H. M. Elliot
3120:
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3100:. Archived from
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1965:Khalid bin Walid
1929:Kingdom of Judah
1827:
1784:
1727:
1692:Avestan language
1657:Christian Lassen
1566:
1507:Muslim historian
1501:
1460:Abulfazl Beyhaqi
1367:of Afghanistan.
1351:
1310:The name of the
1306:
1295:
1284:
1213:
1212:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1153:
1152:
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1141:
1140:
1124:Muslim conquests
1109:Hinduism history
1072:Economic history
956:
934:Islamic Republic
725:
724:
654:Chagatai Khanate
480:
479:
420:Kidarite kingdom
290:Gandhara kingdom
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172:for suggestions.
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3297:Daftary, Farhad
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3275:
3273:Further reading
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3139:
3138:on 26 July 2013
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3048:, 2001, p 127).
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2752:Wayback Machine
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1947:, the deported
1927:, attacked the
1865:
1828:
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1785:
1779:
1710:
1704:
1661:J. W. McCrindle
1604:Parthian Empire
1592:ava-Han/apa-Han
1580:
1567:
1561:
1505:A 16th-century
1502:
1496:
1452:Mahmud Ghaznavi
1423:Tarikh-i Yamini
1417:chronicler. In
1365:Paktia province
1352:
1349:
1307:
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1256:Sassanid Empire
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963:
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949:Islamic Emirate
889:Islamic Emirate
849:Saur Revolution
722:
714:
713:
644:Mongol Invasion
618:before 879â1215
477:
469:
468:
410:Sasanian Empire
394:135 BC â 248 AD
360:Parthian Empire
330:Seleucid Empire
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3028:Michael Witzel
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2647:on 14 May 2013
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2488:Ch. M. Kieffer
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2093:
2070:
2004:, in his 1891
1999:
1996:
1993:Pashtun tribes
1923:, the king of
1921:Nebuchadnezzar
1875:Maáž«zan-e AfÄĄÄn
1864:
1861:
1823:
1777:
1706:Main article:
1703:
1700:
1696:Zoroastrianism
1684:land of horses
1678:, and ancient
1579:
1576:
1559:
1527:Mutla-ul-Anwar
1494:
1468:Khilji dynasty
1464:Ghurid Kingdom
1438:was defeated.
1404:Tarikh-ul Hind
1380:Hudud al-'Alam
1357:កudĆ«d al-ÊżÄlam
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1339:Brihat-samhita
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1119:Jewish history
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3686:South Ossetia
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3395:Name of Asia
3389:
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3209:
3197:
3195:90-04-09796-1
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3129:
3126:(1560â1620).
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2891:Ancient India
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2785:
2783:9781789140101
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2749:
2746:
2745:
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2724:
2722:0-415-34473-5
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2690:
2688:90-04-09796-1
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2615:
2614:81-85297-70-3
2611:
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2587:
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2561:0-631-19841-5
2557:
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2531:
2525:
2521:
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2506:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2464:on 7 May 2020
2463:
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2285:1-874780-92-7
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2259:
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2240:
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2218:3-88939-628-3
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2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:proceeded to
1974:
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1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
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1859:
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1856:British India
1852:
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1694:and followed
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1584:awajan/apajan
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1413:Al-Utbi, the
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1335:VarÄha Mihira
1332:
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1317:
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1290:
1279:
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1125:
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1115:
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1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
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1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:List of years
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
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1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:Paropamisadae
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
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927:
925:
921:
918:
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913:
910:
909:Islamic State
907:
906:
902:
900:
897:
896:
892:
890:
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886:
882:
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879:Islamic State
877:
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867:
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857:
856:
852:
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837:
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806:
802:
800:
797:
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792:
790:
787:
786:
782:
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776:
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770:
769:Afsharid Iran
767:
766:
762:
760:
757:
756:
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750:
749:Hotak dynasty
747:
746:
742:
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736:
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730:
727:
726:
718:
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393:
391:
390:Kushan Empire
388:
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383:
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371:
368:
367:
364:247 BCâ224 AD
363:
361:
358:
357:
353:
351:
348:
347:
343:
341:
340:Maurya Empire
338:
337:
333:
331:
328:
327:
323:
321:
318:
317:
313:
311:
308:
307:
303:
301:
300:Median Empire
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178:December 2020
171:
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137:
134:
126:
123:December 2020
116:
111:
107:
103:
102:
95:
86:
85:
80:
78:
71:
70:
65:
64:
59:
54:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3701:Dependencies
3631:Turkmenistan
3596:Saudi Arabia
3346:
3321:
3317:
3300:
3262:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3236:
3227:
3216:
3215:Olaf Caroe,
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3184:
3177:
3163:
3161:
3152:
3140:. Retrieved
3136:the original
3131:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3102:the original
3091:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3045:
3035:
3010:
2997:
2981:
2976:
2968:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2938:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2890:
2880:
2871:Anglo-Indian
2862:
2858:
2840:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2815:
2809:
2804:
2792:
2773:
2767:
2743:
2738:
2728:10 September
2726:. Retrieved
2711:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2677:
2670:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2645:the original
2637:
2628:
2604:
2584:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2550:
2518:
2498:27 September
2496:. Retrieved
2487:
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2462:the original
2457:
2448:
2441:Anglo-Indian
2432:
2428:
2401:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2358:
2307:
2303:
2294:
2275:
2269:
2261:
2246:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2224:24 September
2222:. Retrieved
2203:
2196:
2188:
2173:
2166:
2157:
2146:. ABC-CLIO.
2142:
2100:
2089:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2002:H. W. Bellew
1981:Abdur Rashid
1980:
1917:Hebrew Bible
1904:
1892:
1888:
1885:Mughal court
1872:
1866:
1858:(Pakistan)."
1848:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1795:
1787:
1758:
1731:
1713:
1711:
1683:
1669:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1591:
1583:
1581:
1569:
1555:Jewish faith
1533:, a town of
1526:
1521:, the other
1516:
1504:
1486:Kuh Sulayman
1483:
1472:
1449:
1441:
1421:
1419:
1412:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1354:
1344:
1330:
1328:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1299:
1288:
1265:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1202:Dari Persian
1197:
1192:
1102:List of wars
1081:
951:(reinstated)
911:(reinstated)
284:2100â1800 BC
274:2200â1800 BC
202:
184:
175:
159:
129:
120:
113:Please help
109:
98:
74:
67:
61:
60:Please help
57:
40:
3760:Asia portal
3661:States with
3581:Philippines
3521:South Korea
3516:North Korea
3411:Afghanistan
3318:Afghanistan
3242:Afghanistan
2651:31 December
2551:The Afghans
2468:18 November
2031:); used by
2012:comes from
1851:Afghanistan
1837:Afghanistan
1749:Indus River
1732:Afghanistan
1702:Afghanistan
1670:The Indian
1643:"), or the
1639:words for "
1565:, 1560-1620
1498:Ibn Battuta
1476:, a famous
1474:Ibn Battuta
1456:Tokharistan
1408:Indus River
1276:Gharchistan
1272:Tukharistan
1262:documents.
1224:Afghanistan
1022:Kushanshahr
899:US invasion
634:Khwarezmids
484:Kabul Shahi
439:Alchon Huns
294:1500â535 BC
235:Afghanistan
233:History of
117:if you can.
3775:Categories
3641:Uzbekistan
3616:Tajikistan
3531:Kyrgyzstan
3511:Kazakhstan
3431:Bangladesh
3421:Azerbaijan
2125:References
2090:Ab-bar-Gan
2086:Badakhshan
1773:KaferistÄn
1747:, and the
1745:Kabulistan
1653:Hindu Kush
1621:cavalrymen
1432:Sabuktigin
1037:Zabulistan
1012:Kafiristan
1007:Kabulistan
829:Daoud coup
664:Qarlughids
604:Ghaznavids
514:Tang China
459:Nezak Huns
384:155â80? BC
354:256â125 BC
344:305â180 BC
334:312â150 BC
324:330â312 BC
314:550â330 BC
304:728â550 BC
63:improve it
3786:Ethnonyms
3727:Hong Kong
3681:Palestine
3606:Sri Lanka
3601:Singapore
3481:Indonesia
3309:1875-9831
3201:23 August
3142:22 August
3108:22 August
2888:(1977) .
2865:Alexander
2694:23 August
2567:22 August
2435:Alexander
2084:word for
2053:. To the
2033:Armenians
1845:explains:
1802:MusulmĂĄns
1665:Ă. Reclus
1645:Assakenoi
1600:Sasanians
1578:Etymology
1531:Burhanpur
1415:Ghaznavid
1400:al-Biruni
1384:Nangarhar
1363:, in the
1331:"AvagÄáča"
977:Arachosia
943:2004â2021
928:2001â2004
893:1996â2001
883:1992â1996
863:1978â1992
843:1973â1978
823:1926â1973
803:1823â1926
793:1818â1855
783:1747â1823
773:1738â1747
763:1716â1732
753:1709â1738
743:1510â1709
733:1501â1738
708:1520â1591
698:1370â1507
688:1245â1381
678:1256â1335
674:Ilkhanate
668:1224â1266
658:1226â1245
648:1219â1226
638:1215â1231
628:1037â1194
584:Saffarids
374:180â90 BC
69:talk page
3750:Category
3671:Abkhazia
3621:Thailand
3576:Pakistan
3556:Mongolia
3551:Maldives
3546:Malaysia
3446:Cambodia
3339:"Afghan"
3299:(eds.).
3288:"Afghan"
3166:ÄnistÄn"
3086:(1525).
3003:Fausboll
2861:cavalier
2847:Sanskrit
2825:Sanskrit
2748:Archived
2639:Ferishta
2484:"Afghan"
2431:cavalier
2408:Sanskrit
2377:Sanskrit
2108:See also
2082:Sumerian
2055:Persians
1957:Kandahar
1945:Muhammad
1824:â
1790:Ferishta
1778:â
1741:Khorasan
1688:Kambojas
1676:horsemen
1633:Sanskrit
1623:" (from
1596:Sanskrit
1563:Ferishta
1560:â
1547:Pharaohs
1535:Khandesh
1513:states:
1495:â
1478:Moroccan
1436:Jayapala
1373:Afghans.
1348:â
1303:â
1292:â
1281:â
1260:Bactrian
1252:Shapur I
1250:) is by
1230:Mentions
1216:Pashtuns
1195:ethnonym
1143:Category
1017:Khorasan
997:Gandhara
938:politics
839:Republic
739:Safavids
694:Timurids
608:963â1187
594:Samanids
574:Tahirids
564:Abbasids
534:Umayyads
476:Medieval
252:Timeline
224:a series
222:Part of
99:require
3646:Vietnam
3561:Myanmar
3541:Lebanon
3471:Georgia
3426:Bahrain
3416:Armenia
3345:(ed.).
3257:, pg 27
3244:, pg 13
3057:Mazdean
3020:Avestic
2971:(10/28)
2850:Ashvaka
2411:Ashvaka
2078:Avagana
1969:Quraysh
1893:Afghana
1821:knows!"
1769:PashÄis
1720:Persian
1637:Avestan
1616:AĆvakan
1588:Avestan
1551:Red Sea
1537:in the
1337:in his
1324:Asvakan
1320:Pashtun
1316:Assakan
1312:AĆvakan
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