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as they prepare to assume the responsibility for their governance and security after the withdrawal of international forces in 2014. In
October 2011, Afghanistan signed its first strategic pact with India. The military assistance would include training of Afghan security personnel. During his visit to India, Karzai told the media that "This strategic partnership is not directed against any country. This strategic partnership is to support Afghanistan." He also stated that "Pakistan is our twin brother, India is a great friend. The agreement we signed with our friend will not affect our brother." He also added that "However, our engagement with Islamabad has unfortunately not yet yielded the result that we want." Both sides launched a Partnership Council, as the apex body to implement the Strategic Partnership Pact in May 2012.
610:. After the overthrow of the Taliban, India established diplomatic relations with the newly established democratic government, provided aid, and participated in the reconstruction efforts. India has provided $ 650–750 million in humanitarian and economic aid, making it the largest regional provider of aid for Afghanistan. India's support and collaboration extends to the rebuilding of air links, power plants and investing in health and education sectors as well as helping to train Afghan civil servants, diplomats, and police. India also seeks the development of supply lines for electricity, oil, and natural gas. Also to give Afghan students scholarships.
353:
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40:
372:, a Pashtun nation-state carved out of Pakistan by successive Pashtun-led Afghan governments was received with support from the Indian government through the backing of militant tribesman, though the movement subsequently lost support. Elisabeth Leake, an associate professor of International History at the University of Leeds writes: "Evidently, senior Indian officials supported the demand for Pashtunistan and Afghan aid to militant tribesmen. Considering the historic ties between
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building, most of them Indian nationals. The main attraction of the building is a bronze dome of 32 meter diameter and 17.15 meter height is considered to be the largest dome in Asia. The big dome covers the assembly hall and the small dome is over the entrance lobby. In front of the building, there is a water body with nine cascading fountains. Inside the building, a 20-feet fountain, made of green marble imported from Indian city of
59:
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164:, Afghanistan's former ambassador to India, in April 2017 pointed out that India "is the biggest regional donor to Afghanistan and fifth largest donor globally with over $ 3 billion in assistance. India has built over 200 public and private schools, sponsors over 1,000 scholarships, and hosts over 16,000 Afghan students." Relations between Afghanistan and India received a major boost in 2011 with the signing of a
656:(ITBP) to provide security for Indian nationals and the projects supported by India. Afghanistan strengthened its ties with India in wake of persisting tensions and problems with Pakistan, which was suspected of continuing to shelter and support the Taliban. India pursues a policy of close collaboration with countries such as Afghanistan, Bhutan, and Iran in order to bolster its standing as a
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2047:, India's support for tribal autonomy was hardly surprising; in many ways, tribal leaders were echoing the demands Ghaffar Khan had made in preceding years. The incarceration of Ghaffar Khan, a close friend of India's Congress leaders, likely undermined Pakistan's position from the Indian perspective as well.
858:
present in the region. Land routes from India to
Afghanistan are via Pakistan, and accordingly India and Pakistan have discussed necessary modalities. India's wheat diplomacy to Afghanistan continues its decade-old practice to support the larger regional and global effort to reduce food insecurity in
183:
In June 2022, India sent a "technical team" to its embassy building in Kabul. In
November of 2023, pro-Republican diplomats of Afghanistan left India and declared permanent closure of the embassy by lack of support. Later, under the combined leadership of consul general Zakia Wardak and acting consul
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was condemned by India, which stated that "Tragically, the forces of terror and hatred have silenced yet another powerful voice of reason and peace in
Afghanistan. We unreservedly condemn this act of great brutality," and reiterated peace efforts. India promised to stand by the people of Afghanistan
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India seeks to expand its economic presence in
Afghanistan as the international coalition fighting the Taliban withdraws combat forces through 2014. A focus area was transport connectivity and economic collaboration with countries in Central and South Asia. India had already invested $ 10.8 billion
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was attacked by 3 militants equipped with AK-47s, RPGs, hand grenades, and suicide vests. "Our premises have been repeatedly attacked by those who do not support India's development work in
Afghanistan. The attack will not dilute India's development assistance and its contribution to rehabilitation
175:
A major shift in India's position on Afghan
Taliban was reported by a top Qatar official in June 2021, revealing that an Indian delegation quietly visited Doha to meet the Taliban's leadership. This is a major shift that was several weeks in the making in the first half of 2021, and likely involved
917:
tonnes of emergency relief assistance for the people of
Afghanistan in the aftermath of the 5.9-magnitude earthquake. In February 2023, India announced development aid of Rs 200 crores to Afghanistan. In March 2023, India announced it would send 20,000 tonnes of wheat to Afghanistan through Iran's
846:
By 10 August 2021 India had closed all its consulates and shifted personnel to Kabul. Following partial evacuation of these personnel from
Afghanistan, the Kabul embassy remained functioning with reduced capacity. The Kabul Embassy was evacuated on 17 August 2021, and was re-established on 23 June
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Dozens of refugees from
Afghanistan arrived in India following the takeover of a majority of the country by August 2021. India hosts about 16,000 refugees according to United Nations figures from 2020. There are approximately another 18,000 undocumented Afghan refugees. Following the return of the
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Even after the Taliban's takeover, in January 2022, India has sent 500,000 Covid vaccine doses to Afghanistan as part of humanitarian aid for the people of Afghanistan. In February 2022, India sent 50 trucks carrying 2500 MT of wheat as humanitarian aid to Afghanistan. In June 2022, India sent 27
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approved of the job performance of India's leadership and 44% disapproved with 6% refusing to answer. It was the highest approval rating of India by any other country in Asia. According to the survey, Afghan adults are more likely to approve of India's leadership than Chinese or U.S. leadership.
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Farid Mamundzay, the Ambassador of Afghanistan in India appointed by the erstwhile Ashraf Ghani government, however announced on September 30, 2023, closure of the Afghan Embassy in New Delhi. Hours later, Taliban – Afghanistan's new rulers, asked India to permit its Diplomats to operate in the
912:
Till August 2021 when the Taliban took power in Afghanistan, India had invested nearly $ 3 billion in aid and reconstruction activities in Afghanistan. These have included infrastructural works like the construction of Afghanistan's Parliament, Salma Dam, schools and hospitals, power stations,
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On 18 October 2009, the Indian embassy in Kabul was attacked again by a car bomb, a little more than a year after the previous attack. The attack killed at least 17 people. Another attack took place at the Arya guest house where Indian doctors were staying, resulting in the death of 18 people.
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in western Afghanistan. The Afghan cabinet renamed the Salma Dam to the Afghan-India Friendship Dam in a move to strengthen relations between the two countries. The hydroelectric plant produces 42 MW of power in addition to providing irrigation for 75,000 hectares of farmland (stabilising the
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The construction work on the $ 220 million building was initially slated to be complete by 2012, in 36 months. The deadline, however, was pushed back due to challenging work conditions, shortage of skilled workforce and precarious security environment. More than 500 laborers had worked on the
494:. It has been said that "the failure of the Indian government to publicly condemn the invasion, its support of the Soviet puppet regime of Kabul, and its hostile vision of the resistance have created major stumbling blocks in Afghan-Indian relations." India continued to support
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country. In May 2023, the Taliban had appointed Mohammad Qadir Shah, it's chargé d'affaires in India. Qadir Shah was however physically stopped from even entering the Afghan Embassy in New Delhi by Farid Mamundzay and other embassy staffers.
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and became the largest regional provider of humanitarian and reconstruction aid to the former Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Indians have been working in various construction projects, as part of India's rebuilding efforts in Afghanistan.
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11 billion or US$ 130 million in 2023). This building was inaugurated on 25 December 2015. Since Pakistan had refused land access, India and Afghanistan had established two air corridors to facilitate bilateral trade.
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On 24 December 2015, India donated three Mi-25 attack helicopters (with an option to send one more in future) to Afghanistan as part of the bilateral strategic partnership to counter the Taliban. The next day, 25 December, Indian PM
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816:, historically an Indian rival sandwiched geographically between India and Afghanistan, claims India's foreign intelligence agency R&AW is working in cover inside Afghanistan to malign Pakistan, a claim rejected by India.
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767:, which has been built by India for $ 90 million. Modi said "It will stand as an enduring symbol of the ties of emotions and values, of affection and aspirations that bind us in a special relationship". President Ghani
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652:(SAARC). Both nations also developed strategic and military cooperation against Islamic militants. Owing to the killing of an Indian national by Taliban militants in November 2005, India deployed 200 soldiers of the
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During the 15th SAARC summit in Colombo, further pledges were made by India for ongoing and forthcoming projects. In August 2008, Afghan President Karzai visited New Delhi further strengthening bilateral relations.
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port in southeastern Iran which would serve as a hub for the transportation of transit goods. As a goodwill gesture, India had also constructed a new Parliament complex for the Afghan government at a cost of
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with a capacity of 42 MW power generation. Water from the dam will also serve irrigation purposes. The dam is expected to help Afghanistan capitalize on opportunities that will open up once the India-backed
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between 29 June – 1 July 2006. During the same year, India raised its aid package to Afghanistan by $ 150 million, to $ 750 million. In 2007, Afghanistan finally became the eighth member of SAARC.
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was entering the embassy gates in a car along with V. Venkateswara Rao when the attack took place. Both were killed in the blast. In the aftermath of the 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul, the
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671:'s visit to India in April 2006. An agreement providing $ 50 million to promote bilateral businesses between Afghanistan and India was signed during the visit of the Afghan Foreign Minister
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426:. Other than affirming "everlasting peace and friendship between the two Governments", the treaty provided for the establishment of diplomatic and consular posts in each other's territories.
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969:(CPWD) was the consultant for the project and the contract was awarded to an Indian infrastructure company in 2008. The new Parliament building is corralled in a 100-acre plot in the famous
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2009:
After the creation of Pakistan, successive Pashtun-led Afghan government backed Ghaffar Khan's demand for a Pashtunistan carved out of the territory of Pakistan, but without any success.
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India and Iran were set to ink a transit agreement on transporting goods to landlocked Afghanistan. The Indian government was investing more than US$ 100 million in the expansion of the
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existing irrigation of 35,000 hectares and development of irrigation facilities to an additional 40,000 hectares of land). The dam was opened on 4 June 2016 by Indian Prime Minister
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Evidently, senior Indian officials supported the demand for Pashtunistan and Afghan aid to militant tribesmen. Considering the historic ties between Congress leaders and the
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in the Herat province. Besides producing 42 MW of power, this Indo-Afghan friendship dam provides irrigation for 75,000 hectares of farmland in the Chisti Sharif district.
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1324:"Ashraf Ghani's men gone, Taliban asks India to allow its Diplomats in Afghan EmbassyAshraf Ghani's men gone, Taliban asks India to allow its Diplomats in Afghan Embassy"
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875:—Steel Authority of India Limited), an 800 MW power plant, hydro-electric power projects, transmission lines, and roads. India helped Afghans in the reconstruction of
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The Taliban had appointed a charge d'affaires earlier this year to handle relations with India but he was physically prevented from even entering the Afghan Embassy
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in Afghanistan as of 2012. More such projects were likely to come up after NATO's withdrawal. This included setting up iron ore mines, a 6 MTPA steel plant (by
329:. Between the 10th century and the mid 18th century, northern India was invaded by a number of invaders based in what today is Afghanistan. Among them were the
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2090:
645:. Key to India's strategy in Afghanistan is to build up transportation links that bypass Pakistan, helping reduce the Afghan economy's dependence on Pakistan.
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Taliban, a new category of visas to fast-track applications for Afghan citizens seeking entry into India was initiated. The evacuation has been codenamed
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arrived in Kabul for a two-day visit. In the same year India donated 250,000 tons of wheat to Afghanistan as part of the humanitarian assistance program.
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349:. During these eras, especially during the Mughal period (1526–1858), many Afghans began immigrating to India due to political unrest in their regions.
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Three memorandums of understanding (MOUs) for strengthening cooperation in the fields of rural development, education, and standardisation between the
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819:
In December 2022, with regards to Indian-Afghan intelligence cooperation and activities against Pakistan, Afghanistan's former NDS intelligence chief
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39:
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771:"Though, India and Afghanistan need no introduction, we are bound by a thousand ties… We have stood by each other in the best and worst of times".
430:
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854:, India started sending aid to Afghanistan in December 2021. India will handover the aid, part of a larger regional and global effort, to the
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general Syed Muhammad Ibrahimkhel, the embassy was reopened. Currently Syed Muhammad Ibrahimkhel is the ChargeD'Affairs (CDA) of embassy.
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4080:"4 gunmen who attack Indian Consulate in Herat, Afghanistan killed; Narendra Modi thanks Hamid Karzai for efforts in thwarting attack"
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and contain its rival Pakistan, which stands accused of aiding and abetting Islamic militants in Kashmir and other states of India.
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On 4 June 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Afghanistan's President Ashraf Ghani formally inaugurated the $ 290-million
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4987:
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4807:
4802:
4787:
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4742:
2064:
1444:
1035:, officially the Afghan-India Friendship Dam, is a hydroelectric and irrigation dam project located on the Hari River in
823:
acknowledged the claim, saying: "We helped India against Pakistan, but India canceled our visas after the fall of Kabul.
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5911:
5906:
2747:
2218:
1914:
1498:
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in October that year, and Khan visited India in March 1975. On July 7, 1974, the two countries signed a trade protocol.
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Global Logistics Assessments Reports Handbook: Strategic Transportation and Customs Information for Selected Countries
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122:. They had been historical neighbors when India was under colonial rule and have since shared cultural ties through
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380:, India's support for tribal autonomy was hardly surprising; in many ways, tribal leaders were echoing the demands
154:
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1970:
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Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries
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1588:"India, Russia and China in Race to Expand Influence Over Afghanistan; Preventing Re-Talibanization After 2014"
872:
787:
438:
373:
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India reopened its embassy in Kabul in 2022 following the earthquake in the country to help in aid delivery.
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The foundation stone for the new Afghan Parliament was laid in August 2005 by the last king of Afghanistan,
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4250:" My Enemy's Enemy: India in Afghanistan from the Soviet Invasion to the US Withdrawal" by Avinash Paliwal
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197:
161:
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1526:"Donald Trump's Afghanistan policy presents India a chance to increase sphere of influence in South Asia"
471:
453:
169:
3948:"Salma Dam inaugurated by PM Modi; one of India's most expensive infrastructure projects in Afghanistan"
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833:
403:
and train & support insurgents. These workers are estimated to be anywhere between 3,000 and 4,000.
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stadiums, as well as material and financial support like shipments of wheat and pulses, medicines etc.
2517:
6038:
5866:
4642:
672:
667:(BIS) and Afghan National Standardisation Authority were signed between Afghanistan and India during
538:
309:
in the late 2nd century BCE. Till the Muslim conquests, eastern regions of Afghanistan including the
3349:"World community reached basic consensus over extending humanitarian aid to Afghanistan: Jaishankar"
242:
controlled the region known today as Afghanistan. In 305 BCE, they ceded some regions to the Indian
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735:
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2947:"President Ashraf Ghani's Congratulatory Message on the Occasion of India's 73rd Independence Day"
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4156:"News analysis | Fourth evacuation from Kabul since 1992, but in different international climate"
1918:
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as a "brother country" and the relationship between the two as one which "no enemy can hamper".
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820:
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487:
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1944:
1356:"India reopens embassy in Kabul, sends 'technical team' with relief material for Afghanistan"
1241:
The Indian embassy and consulates in Afghanistan had been targeted by terrorists repeatedly.
783:
project, linking the port in Iran to Central Asia's road and railway networks, is completed.
755:
and reconstruction of Afghanistan," India's ambassador to Kabul Amar Sinha said at the time.
633:. This has proved a viable alternative route for the duty-free movement of goods through the
230:, which forms part of modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan, was considered one of the sixteen
172:. The student visas were revoked in large numbers after the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan.
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5876:
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2898:"Narendra Modi, Ashraf Ghani inaugurate landmark Rs 1,700 crore Afghan-India Friendship Dam"
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in 2001. The bombing killed 58 people and wounded 141. Senior Indian Army officer Brigadier
506:
government that took control, but relations and contacts ended with the outbreak of another
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3974:"Training in India, Fate of 150 Afghan Soldiers in Limbo After Country's Military Collapse"
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India was the first country Afghanistan chose to sign a strategic partnership agreement...
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In January 1950, a five-year Treaty of Friendship was signed between the two countries in
298:
239:
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The Defiant Border: The Afghan-Pakistan Borderlands in the Era of Decolonization, 1936–65
763:
visited Kabul to open the newly constructed Afghan parliament opposite the ruins of the
3934:
3803:"Photo Features : Afghan Parliament- Symbol of Indo-Afghan democratic partnership"
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India's pledge to rebuild Afghanistan reached a total of $ 2 billion in May 2011 after
657:
357:
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306:
4222:"Ashraf Ghani's men gone, Taliban asks India to allow its Diplomats in Afghan Embassy"
4106:"Kabul blast: 80 killed, at least 350 injured after huge explosion in diplomatic area"
790:, Prime Minister Modi extended greetings to Afghanistan who was due to also celebrate
6182:
3379:"India in touch with Pakistan on modalities for shipping wheat as aid to Afghanistan"
2518:"AP Interview: Indian Embassy bomber hoped to destroy Kabul embassy, ambassador says"
1555:
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Since 2011, around 700 Afghans train in India every year in institutions such as the
1045:
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997:
918:
780:
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404:
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1374:"Bollywood, cricket two real stars of Afghanistan's relationship with India: Envoy"
3831:
3118:"Afghan Refugees In India Fret Over The News Back Home, And Their Own Legal Status"
1678:"Indian officials had a 'quiet' rendezvous with Taliban, says Qatari special envoy"
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3719:"India announces 20,000 MTs of wheat assistance to Afghanistan via Chabahar Port"
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The Mauryans controlled parts of modern-day Afghanistan, and during this period
119:
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Ramparts of Empire: British Imperialism & India's Afghan Frontier 1918–1948
2844:"India delivers attack helicopters to Afghanistan to counter Taliban offensive"
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3907:
3855:
Afghanistan New Parliament building gifted by INDIA Afghanistan's closest ally
3853:
3693:"Budget 2023: India Announces Rs 200 Cr aid for Afghanistan; Taliban Responds"
3087:"'We can never go back': Taliban surge spreads fear in Delhi's 'Little Kabul'"
2493:"Afghanistan: At least 41 killed by suicide bomber at Indian embassy in Kabul"
1178:
391:'s rebuilding efforts in Afghanistan, although the Indian intelligence agency
330:
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The Ghaznavids: Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran, 994 : 1040
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301:. Much of it soon broke away from the Greco-Bactrians and became part of the
176:
Qatari mediation between India and the Taliban. India does not recognize the
4258:. New Delhi: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
3775:
3666:"India sends aid to Afghanistan, Taliban welcome return of Indian diplomats"
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1025:
970:
924:
As of 2023, there were around 14,000 Afghan students studying in India with
876:
775:
503:
423:
223:
123:
104:
3174:"India's evacuation mission from Afghanistan named 'Operation Devi Shakti'"
2954:
2249:"Q. 4466 - India's move on the demolition of Buddha statues in Afghanistan"
1792:(1973): An Historical Guide To Afghanistan, Chapter 3 Sites in Perspective.
202:
3457:"India sends 2,500 tonnes of wheat to Afghanistan via Pakistan land route"
2226:
1807:
1703:"Qatar Govt Official Says Indian Delegation Visited Qatar to Meet Taliban"
267:), upon terms of intermarriage and of receiving in exchange 500 elephants.
883:
813:
634:
572:
530:
522:
515:
491:
400:
396:
322:
286:
227:
211:
1971:"The Making of the Durand Line, Irredentism and the Rise of the Taliban"
1502:
4305:"Opinion | India Does Not Need Boots on Afghan Ground (Published 2017)"
3859:
1766:"Afghanistan closes embassy in India citing lack of diplomatic support"
1136:
990:
768:
727:
626:
580:
546:
518:
511:
342:
334:
127:
321:, and the town of Kabul was noted by Iranian traveller and geographer
4282:
India's Changing Afghanistan Policy: Regional and Global Implications
4280:
1257:
1206:
1192:
630:
622:
273:
3234:"ITBP personnel guarding Indian embassy to stay in Kabul: Officials"
2925:"Narendra Modi to visit Afghanistan in June to inaugurate Salma Dam"
1996:
1729:"How India is helping Afghanistan despite Taliban's non-recognition"
996:
On December 25, 2015, during a state visit of Indian Prime Minister
3828:"$ 220 million new Afghan parliament to be inaugurated in 5 months"
3260:"Indian evacuates 170 people from Afghanistan including ambassador"
1000:, the new Parliament building was inaugurated along with President
218:
Relations between the people of Afghanistan and India trace to the
5846:
4693:
4133:"Post Kabul attack, India may beef up security at Afghan missions"
3207:"India shuts last consulate in Afghanistan and evacuates citizens"
2255:. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. 26 April 2001
1108:
1094:
1011:
944:
895:
751:
704:
688:
621:
constructed a major road in 2009 in the remote Afghan province of
550:
411:
have often faced continuous security threats in the country, with
388:
351:
252:
201:
115:
98:
74:
387:
Indians are working on various construction projects, as part of
5841:
3882:"Modi inaugurates new Afghan Parliament built by India in Kabul"
3029:"Former Afghan spy chief exposes Indian involvement in Pakistan"
2872:"Modi inaugurates new Afghan Parliament built by India in Kabul"
1997:"Afghanistan and Pakistan: The Question of Pashtun Nationalism?"
638:
558:
502:, India together with the international community supported the
145:
in the 1980s, though relations were diminished during the 1990s
5975:
5805:
4709:
4664:
4334:
973:
section of Kabul. It sits next to historical landmarks such as
5896:
4132:
3909:
PM Modi inaugurates the new Parliament building of Afghanistan
3431:"India sends wheat to Afghanistan after dealing with Pakistan"
2788:"New Delhi,Kabul to start work on Partnership Council in May"
3502:"Afghan Parliament Being Built by India to Be Ready by 2015"
734:
The September 2011 assassination of former Afghan president
3562:"India played a constructive role in Afghanistan: Pentagon"
1244:
India had evacuated its Embassy in Afghanistan four times.
586:
India became one of the key supporters of the anti-Taliban
4054:"Militants attack Indian consulate in western Afghanistan"
3615:"India donates 500,000 Covid vaccine doses to Afghanistan"
2626:
U.S. Leadership More Popular in Asia Than China's, India's
746:
Afghanistan, India and Iran signing the Chabahar Agreement
4001:"Militants mounting pressure to destabilize Afghan gov't"
3532:"Kabul to Mumbai: Second India-Afghan air corridor opens"
3323:"India sends life-saving medicines to Afghanistan in aid"
2275:"Islamic scholars condemn destruction of Buddha statues"
1806:. American International School of Kabul. Archived from
648:
In 2005, India proposed Afghanistan's membership in the
305:. The Indo-Greeks had been defeated and expelled by the
2671:. Outlook India. PTI. 20 September 2011. Archived from
462:
India was the only South Asian nation to recognise the
3933:
Water and Power Consultancy Services (India) Limited (
3640:"India sends first consignment of aid for Afghanistan"
1652:"India's Efforts in Search of New Role in Afghanistan"
2866:
2864:
3056:"Indians, Afghan refugees brought safely from Kabul"
2813:"Indian consulate in Afghanistan attacked by gunmen"
1581:
1579:
1577:
1556:"Afghanistan and India sign 'strategic partnership'"
5772:
5679:
5445:
5187:
4996:
4720:
4620:
4600:
4580:
4519:
4408:
4382:
2727:"Afghanistan signs 1st strategic pact _ with India"
1410:"India to Provide Aid to Government in Afghanistan"
1224:
Indian embassy and consulates in Afghanistan in red
89:
84:
46:
4254:Research, Reference and Training Division (2008).
3148:"India announces new category of visa for Afghans"
2423:
2421:
2206:Gorbachev's New Thinking and Third World Conflicts
553:. Similarly the Taliban's move in 2001 to require
2977:"No evidence that India aiding Pak Baloch rebels"
2725:Katy Daigle – Associated Press (4 October 2011).
2546:"IFS officer, Brig among Indians killed in blast"
2124:"RAW helping militants in Afghanistan: Musharraf"
3771:"Democracy not the preserve of the West: Karzai"
2448:
2446:
2444:
2084:
2082:
1303:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
650:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
564:, was heavily criticised by India. In 1999, the
238:'s brief occupation, the successor state of the
2763:Pakistan a twin brother, talks to go on: Karzai
1802:Nancy Hatch Dupree / Aḥmad ʻAlī Kuhzād (1972).
557:to wear identification patches, reminiscent of
248:
2091:"RAW Creating Trouble for NATO in Afghanistan"
289:prevailed. Their decline began 60 years after
4676:
4346:
3769:Siddharth Varadarajan, ed. (30 August 2005).
2118:
2116:
2061:"RAW Is Training 600 Balochis in Afghanistan"
1615:"India rebuffs Afghanistan on strategic meet"
928:support from different institutions like the
827:Re-established Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
498:'s government. After its fall in the ensuing
8:
4029:. Al Jazeera. 8 October 2009. Archived from
3483:"India Plans Shipping Afghan Goods via Iran"
1074:Counter-Insurgency and Jungle Warfare School
255:and established settlements of his own, but
32:
5887:Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation
2748:"US hails India's key role in Afghanistan."
2397:. Int'l Business Publications. p. 17.
2363:. International Monetary Fund. p. 18.
1350:
1348:
5972:
5802:
4717:
4706:
4683:
4669:
4661:
4577:
4353:
4339:
4331:
3589:"36 Things India Has Done for Afghanistan"
726:poll, which interviewed 1,000 adults, 50%
433:on July 19, 1973. Indian foreign minister
3085:Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (25 August 2021).
2842:Sridharan, Vasudevan (24 December 2015).
1804:"An Historical Guide to Kabul – The Name"
6137:State visits by prime ministers of India
3717:Chaudhury, Dipanjan Roy (8 March 2023).
3463:. Press Trust of India. 22 February 2022
3437:. The Associated Press. 23 February 2022
750:On 22 May 2014, the Indian consulate in
741:
3999:Haleem, Abdul; Lin Jing (7 July 2008).
3931:Afghan India Friendship Dam (Salma Dam)
3406:"Indian wheat diplomacy in Afghanistan"
1829:Rajadhyaksha, Abhijit (2 August 2009).
1315:
482:Government in Afghanistan. The Soviets
3745:"Afghanistan woman's reply to Taliban"
3743:Mehta, Yagnesh Bharat (7 March 2023).
3003:"How Pakistan can tackle TTP and ISKP"
2669:"India Condemns Rabbani Assassination"
2491:Taylor, Richard Norton (7 July 2008).
2180:"Indi-Afghan Friendship Treaty Signed"
1586:Shrivastava, Sanskar (30 March 2013).
936:Infrastructure projects in Afghanistan
472:Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan
31:
4027:"Afghan blast targets Indian embassy"
3359:from the original on 17 December 2021
2465:Lakshman, Kanchan (3 February 2022).
2338:from the original on 26 February 2008
1938:
1936:
1650:Khan, Asad Ullah (22 November 2022).
1493:Bajoria, Jayshree (5 December 2007).
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1403:
1401:
1399:
930:Indian Council for Cultural Relations
805:is still internationally recognized.
549:led to outrage and angry protests by
114:are the diplomatic relations between
7:
4003:. news.xinhuanet.com. Archived from
3691:Sibbal, Siddhant (2 February 2023).
3587:Iwanek, Krzysztof (8 January 2019).
2438:," Global Bearings, 2 November 2011.
2332:"India joins anti-Taliban coalition"
2160:from the original on 9 February 2018
2067:from the original on 29 October 2010
1946:Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan
1858:. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 43.
1524:Talukdar, Sreemoy (23 August 2017).
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
809:Alleged Subversions Against Pakistan
681:Indian embassy in Kabul was attacked
486:in 1989 after being defeated by the
419:) deliberately carried out on them.
6023:Ambassadors and High Commissioners
4154:Haidar, Suhasini (22 August 2021).
3613:Laskar, Rezaul H (1 January 2022).
3542:from the original on 2 October 2020
3270:from the original on 17 August 2021
3128:from the original on 18 August 2021
3097:from the original on 25 August 2021
3066:from the original on 22 August 2021
3054:Laskar, Rezaul H (23 August 2021).
2624:Cynthia English (5 November 2010).
2587:"Afghan bomb strikes India embassy"
2302:"Taliban Slams Hindu Denouncements"
2154:Ministry of External Affairs, India
1907:"A.—The Hindu Kings of Kábul (p.3)"
1613:Haidar, Suhasini (29 August 2015).
1536:from the original on 24 August 2017
1445:"Kabul's India ties worry Pakistan"
1408:Crossette, Barbara (7 March 1989).
837:
794:, the 100th year, four days later.
606:and other forms of support for the
583:were suspected of supporting them.
525:. The Taliban's regime, called the
368:to create Pakistan the demand for,
317:were considered culturally part of
251:Alexander took these away from the
133:The Republic of India was the only
6194:Bilateral relations of Afghanistan
4303:Shukla, Ajai (22 September 2017).
3912:(YouTube). India. 25 December 2015
2643:"Krishna condemns Rabbani killing"
2001:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
1852:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1973).
1384:from the original on 27 April 2020
1072:, Infantry School in Mhow and the
949:The new Afghan Parliament building
490:, which were heavily supported by
468:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
448:Soviet invasion and Taliban regime
143:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
25:
5954:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
4112:. Kabul, Afghanistan. 31 May 2017
4086:. Herat, Afghanistan. 23 May 2014
3303:from the original on 28 June 2022
3289:Haidar, Suhasini (24 June 2022).
3116:Frayer, Lauren (19 August 2021).
2059:Baabar, Mariana (24 April 2006).
1594:from the original on 1 April 2013
1459:from the original on 11 June 2008
5154:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4783:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4692:
4372:
4369:Foreign relations of Afghanistan
4362:
3500:Dahiya, Sandeep (22 June 2014).
3404:Sinha, Rhea (25 February 2022).
3291:"India reopens Embassy in Kabul"
3258:Khanna, Sumit (17 August 2021).
2953:. 15 August 2019. Archived from
2786:Roy, Shubhajit (20 April 2012).
2702:. Kolkata, India. Archived from
2694:Mohan, Archis (5 October 2011).
2613:Singh given ceremonial reception
2089:Azam, Omer (25 September 2010).
1205:
1191:
1177:
1163:
1149:
1135:
1121:
1107:
1093:
1086:
600:U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan
395:is accused by countries such as
297:reconquest of the region by the
168:, Afghanistan's first since the
68:
57:
38:
5939:Quadrilateral Security Dialogue
2848:International Business Times UK
2696:"Deal for larger role in Kabul"
2452:
2357:Bennett, Adam (15 April 2005).
2219:"Afghanistan's Troubled Border"
2204:Valenta and Cibulka (editors),
2097:. Pak-times.com. Archived from
967:Central Public Works Department
803:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
166:strategic partnership agreement
4189:"Afghanistan consulate opened"
2467:"Assassins From The Epicentre"
1754:India reopens Embassy in Kabul
799:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
541:(UAE). The destruction of the
529:, remained recognized only by
527:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
458:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
415:and many attacks (such as the
384:had made in preceding years."
325:in 921 to be inhabited by the
293:'s rule ended, leading to the
246:as part of an alliance treaty.
178:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
1:
6067:Pan-African e-Network project
4131:Tuteja, Ashok (1 June 2017).
2923:Vohra, Anchal (17 May 2016).
2776:. Sujoy Dhar. 5 October 2011.
2552:. 7 July 2008. Archived from
1676:Mohan, Geeta (22 June 2021).
1443:Tarzi, Amin (16 April 2006).
510:, which brought to power the
6199:Bilateral relations of India
5992:Ministry of External Affairs
5912:Indian Ocean Rim Association
5907:Indian Ocean Naval Symposium
4052:Ahmad, Jalil (23 May 2014).
3937:). Retrieved 25 August 2021.
2522:International Herald Tribune
2391:Ibp Usa (15 February 2008).
1915:Packard Humanities Institute
1499:Council on Foreign Relations
1048:along with Afghan President
797:While Taliban announced the
356:Border crossing between the
6189:Afghanistan–India relations
4288:Strategic Studies Institute
3487:The Gazette of Central Asia
2575:Relationship with Neighbors
2186:. 5 January 1950. p. 6
1917:. 1867–1877. Archived from
1831:"The Mauryas: Chandragupta"
1495:"India's Northern Exposure"
1008:Afghan-India Friendship Dam
112:Afghanistan–India relations
18:Afghanistan-India relations
6215:
4699:Foreign relations of India
3489:. Satrapia. 24 March 2013.
2360:Reconstructing Afghanistan
2300:Shah, Amir (24 May 2001).
2029:Cambridge University Press
1943:Adamec, Ludwig W. (2012).
908:Financial and Material Aid
687:– the deadliest attack in
665:Bureau of Indian Standards
654:Indo-Tibetan Border Police
569:Indian Airlines Flight 814
451:
417:February 2010 Kabul attack
366:partition of British India
234:of Vedic India. Following
214:, now in the Kabul museum.
191:
5982:
5971:
5812:
5801:
4716:
4705:
3355:. PTI. 17 December 2021.
1070:Officers Training Academy
856:World Health Organisation
619:Border Roads Organisation
484:withdrew from Afghanistan
429:India recognized the new
220:Indus Valley civilization
137:country to recognize the
80:
67:
56:
37:
6077:Narendra Modi government
6072:Indira Gandhi government
5922:Mekong–Ganga Cooperation
5817:2+2 Ministerial Dialogue
4763:Central African Republic
2334:. Jane's Security News.
2021:Elisabeth Leake (2017).
1252:Afghanistan operated an
1062:National Defence Academy
155:overthrow of the Taliban
6117:Conflicts with Pakistan
5872:Commonwealth of Nations
4279:Pant, Harsh V. (2012).
3461:Business Standard India
3238:Business Standard India
3232:IANS (16 August 2021).
3180:. PTI. 24 August 2021.
2768:7 November 2011 at the
1293:Buddhism in Afghanistan
1288:Hinduism in Afghanistan
1066:Indian Military Academy
1037:Chishti Sharif District
941:New Parliament building
792:Afghan Independence Day
788:Indian Independence Day
701:Afghan Foreign Ministry
602:in 2001, India offered
431:Republic of Afghanistan
360:and Afghanistan in 1934
5807:Multilateral relations
5478:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4608:Diplomatic missions of
2647:The New Indian Express
2611:Pajhwok Afghan News –
2150:"Treaty of Friendship"
1885:. BRILL. p. 114.
1590:. The World Reporter.
1298:Sikhism in Afghanistan
1278:Indians in Afghanistan
1171:Farkhor Indian Airbase
1080:Embassy and consulates
1029:
1016:Indian Prime Minister
993:, has been installed.
950:
852:humanitarian situation
786:On 15 August 2019, on
747:
361:
279:
215:
198:History of Afghanistan
162:Shaida Mohammad Abdali
108:
6132:State visits to India
5144:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4923:São Tomé and Príncipe
4778:Republic of the Congo
4292:U.S. Army War College
3952:The Financial Express
2434:25 April 2012 at the
1020:and Afghan President
1015:
957:, in the presence of
948:
841: Goddess Shakti
834:Operation Devi Shakti
745:
571:landed and stayed in
480:Mohammad Najibullah's
452:Further information:
399:of working to malign
355:
205:
192:Further information:
102:
33:Indo-Afghan relations
6152:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
6008:Diplomatic missions
5927:Non-Aligned Movement
5422:United Arab Emirates
4643:Non-Aligned Movement
4501:United Arab Emirates
4135:. Kabul, Afghanistan
4060:. Herat, Afghanistan
3538:. 27 December 2017.
1879:Wink, André (2002).
1833:. Historyfiles.co.uk
1380:. 22 November 2019.
1254:Embassy in New Delhi
1248:Afghanistan in India
1230:India in Afghanistan
1221:class=notpageimage|
722:According to a 2010
673:Rangin Dadfar Spanta
539:United Arab Emirates
6127:Disputes with Nepal
6122:Disputes with China
5164:Trinidad and Tobago
5004:Antigua and Barbuda
4711:Bilateral relations
4298:India and Neighbors
3783:on 23 November 2005
3512:on 16 November 2018
3007:The Express Tribune
2774:Pajhwok Afghan News
2649:. 21 September 2011
1949:. Scarecrow Press.
850:Amidst a worsening
736:Burhanuddin Rabbani
693:fall of the Taliban
442:Mohammed Daoud Khan
319:Indian subcontinent
236:Alexander the Great
34:
29:Bilateral relations
5074:Dominican Republic
4648:1973 Kabul Meeting
4309:The New York Times
4195:. 9 January 2020.
4110:The Indian Express
4007:on 21 October 2012
3888:. 25 December 2015
3862:. 23 December 2015
3646:. 22 February 2022
3385:. 16 December 2021
3353:The Times of India
3329:. 11 December 2021
2981:The Indian Express
2904:. PTI. 4 June 2016
2902:The Economic Times
2878:. 25 December 2015
2792:The Indian Express
2229:on 10 October 2008
2184:The Indian Express
2130:. 31 December 2004
2045:Khudai Khidmatgars
1735:. 20 February 2022
1414:The New York Times
1378:The Times of India
1256:and consulates in
1234:India operates an
1030:
951:
748:
543:Buddhas of Bamiyan
466:-backed communist
378:Khudai Khidmatgars
362:
303:Indo-Greek Kingdom
216:
153:. India aided the
151:Taliban government
109:
103:Afghan embassy in
85:Diplomatic mission
6176:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6049:Overseas citizens
6002:Foreign Secretary
5967:
5966:
5935:
5863:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5792:
4813:Equatorial Guinea
4658:
4657:
4651:
4596:
4595:
4265:978-81-230-1488-3
4033:on 8 October 2009
3035:. 2 December 2022
3009:. 5 December 2022
2957:on 21 August 2019
2753:, 8 October 2011.
2706:on 6 October 2011
2404:978-0-7397-6603-3
2370:978-1-58906-324-2
2063:. Outlook India.
2038:978-1-107-12602-2
2031:. pp. 140–.
1956:978-0-8108-7815-0
1892:978-0-391-04173-8
1865:978-1-01-499132-4
1810:on 30 August 2010
1770:www.aljazeera.com
1449:Radio Free Europe
1024:inaugurating the
821:Rahmatullah Nabil
765:Darul Aman Palace
679:In July 2008 the
588:Northern Alliance
545:monuments by the
488:Afghan mujahideen
454:Soviet–Afghan War
170:Soviet-Afghan War
97:
96:
16:(Redirected from
6206:
6142:Jawaharlal Nehru
6112:Siachen conflict
6107:Kashmir conflict
6062:Look East policy
5973:
5929:
5877:East Asia Summit
5849:
5803:
5739:Papua New Guinea
5702:Marshall Islands
4718:
4707:
4697:
4696:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4662:
4645:
4578:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4272:Marsh, Brandon.
4269:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4228:. 1 October 2023
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3980:. 17 August 2021
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3944:
3938:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3779:. Archived from
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3568:. 10 August 2021
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3508:. Archived from
3497:
3491:
3490:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3213:. 10 August 2021
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3154:. 17 August 2021
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2819:. Archived from
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2783:
2777:
2760:
2754:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2729:. News.yahoo.com
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2639:
2633:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2593:. 8 October 2009
2583:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2439:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2308:. Archived from
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2225:. Archived from
2215:
2209:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2101:on 30 April 2012
2086:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1911:Sir H. M. Elliot
1903:
1897:
1896:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1762:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1656:Modern Diplomacy
1647:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1583:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1562:. 4 October 2011
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1501:. Archived from
1490:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1440:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1330:. 1 October 2023
1320:
1283:Afghans in India
1236:Embassy in Kabul
1209:
1195:
1181:
1167:
1153:
1139:
1125:
1111:
1097:
1090:
902:
898:
893:
842:
839:
685:suicide car bomb
608:Coalition forces
476:humanitarian aid
439:Afghan President
405:Indian nationals
376:leaders and the
291:Ashoka the Great
277:
276:, 64 BCE – 24 CE
257:Seleucus Nicator
194:History of India
147:Afghan civil war
72:
71:
61:
60:
42:
35:
21:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6179:
6178:
6177:
6168:
6053:Foreign policy
6044:Indian diaspora
5978:
5963:
5808:
5789:
5768:
5749:Solomon Islands
5675:
5606:North Macedonia
5441:
5183:
4992:
4712:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4659:
4654:
4616:
4592:
4576:
4515:
4404:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4321:
4319:
4302:
4266:
4253:
4247:
4245:Further reading
4242:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4205:
4203:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4113:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4063:
4061:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4008:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3983:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3886:Hindustan Times
3880:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3809:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3753:
3751:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3670:Hindustan Times
3664:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3619:Hindustan Times
3612:
3611:
3607:
3597:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3388:
3386:
3383:Hindustan Times
3377:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3327:Hindustan Times
3321:
3320:
3316:
3306:
3304:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3060:Hindustan Times
3053:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3033:www.24newshd.tv
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2879:
2876:Hindustan Times
2870:
2869:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:Wayback Machine
2761:
2757:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2675:on 12 July 2012
2667:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2623:
2619:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2556:on 10 July 2008
2544:
2543:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2451:
2442:
2436:Wayback Machine
2429:2011 and Beyond
2426:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2306:Washington Post
2299:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2039:
2020:
2019:
2015:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1921:on 26 July 2013
1905:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1733:Hindustan Times
1727:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1631:
1629:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1585:
1584:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1492:
1491:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1442:
1441:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1362:. 24 June 2022.
1354:
1353:
1346:
1333:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1274:
1250:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1082:
1058:
1010:
943:
938:
910:
900:
899:(equivalent to
889:
888:
868:
840:
829:
811:
697:Ravi Datt Mehta
596:
474:, and provided
460:
450:
299:Greco-Bactrians
278:
272:
240:Seleucid Empire
208:Edict of Ashoka
200:
190:
73:
69:
62:
58:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6212:
6210:
6202:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6181:
6180:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6157:Manmohan Singh
6154:
6149:
6144:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6094:
6089:
6087:Middle Eastern
6084:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6057:ITEC programme
6051:
6046:
6041:
6031:
6021:
6006:
6005:
6004:
5999:
5989:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5969:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5959:United Nations
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5882:European Union
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5824:
5819:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5671:United Kingdom
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5493:Czech Republic
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5044:Cayman Islands
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4703:
4702:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4665:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4628:United Nations
4624:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4612:in Afghanistan
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4575:
4574:
4572:United Kingdom
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4300:
4295:
4286:Carlisle, PA:
4277:
4270:
4264:
4251:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4213:
4180:
4146:
4123:
4097:
4071:
4044:
4018:
3991:
3965:
3939:
3935:WAPCOS Limited
3923:
3899:
3873:
3845:
3834:. 12 July 2015
3819:
3794:
3761:
3749:Times of India
3735:
3723:Economic Times
3709:
3683:
3672:. 24 June 2022
3657:
3631:
3605:
3579:
3553:
3523:
3492:
3474:
3448:
3422:
3396:
3370:
3340:
3314:
3281:
3250:
3224:
3198:
3165:
3139:
3108:
3077:
3046:
3020:
2994:
2968:
2938:
2915:
2889:
2860:
2834:
2823:on 24 May 2014
2804:
2778:
2755:
2740:
2717:
2686:
2660:
2634:
2617:
2615:, 12 May 2011.
2604:
2578:
2567:
2534:
2509:
2483:
2457:
2440:
2417:
2403:
2383:
2369:
2349:
2323:
2312:on 4 June 2020
2292:
2281:. 4 March 2001
2266:
2240:
2210:
2197:
2171:
2156:. mea.gov.in.
2141:
2112:
2095:Pakistan Times
2078:
2051:
2037:
2013:
1995:Saikal, Amin.
1987:
1962:
1955:
1932:
1898:
1891:
1871:
1864:
1844:
1821:
1794:
1782:
1757:
1746:
1720:
1709:. 22 June 2021
1707:The Wire India
1694:
1668:
1642:
1605:
1573:
1547:
1516:
1505:on 30 May 2008
1470:
1426:
1395:
1365:
1344:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1249:
1246:
1231:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1161:
1157:Mazar-e-Sharif
1156:
1155:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1057:
1054:
1041:Herat Province
1009:
1006:
983:Queen's Palace
975:Amanullah Khan
963:Manmohan Singh
942:
939:
937:
934:
909:
906:
867:
864:
828:
825:
810:
807:
717:Manmohan Singh
658:regional power
595:
592:
449:
446:
358:British Empire
327:people of Hind
307:Indo-Scythians
270:
189:
186:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
82:
81:
78:
77:
66:
54:
53:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6211:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6163:
6162:Narendra Modi
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6147:Indira Gandhi
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6133:
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6128:
6125:
6123:
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5947:
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5942:
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5933:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5917:Latin America
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
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5888:
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5804:
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5778:
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5771:
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5708:
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5703:
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5698:
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5589:
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5579:
5576:
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5571:
5569:
5568:Liechtenstein
5566:
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5308:
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5180:
5177:
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5172:
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5169:United States
5167:
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5162:
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5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
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5037:
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5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
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4999:
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4989:
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4926:
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4911:
4909:
4906:
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4881:
4879:
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4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4838:Guinea-Bissau
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
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4801:
4799:
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4779:
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4759:
4756:
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4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
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4739:
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4731:
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4723:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4695:
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4681:
4679:
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4667:
4666:
4663:
4649:
4644:
4641:
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4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
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4613:
4609:
4606:
4605:
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4599:
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4583:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
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4560:
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4553:
4550:
4548:
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4543:
4540:
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4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4400:United States
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4381:
4370:
4356:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4147:
4134:
4127:
4124:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4045:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3992:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3954:. 4 June 2016
3953:
3949:
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3932:
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3910:
3903:
3900:
3887:
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3808:
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3609:
3606:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3580:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3541:
3537:
3536:Tribune India
3533:
3527:
3524:
3511:
3507:
3506:Outlook India
3503:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3462:
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3407:
3400:
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3384:
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3374:
3371:
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3341:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3302:
3298:
3297:
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3285:
3282:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3225:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3109:
3096:
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3088:
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3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3047:
3034:
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3024:
3021:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2983:. 27 May 2009
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
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2952:
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2849:
2845:
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2822:
2818:
2817:India Gazette
2814:
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2767:
2764:
2759:
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2705:
2701:
2700:The Telegraph
2697:
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2498:
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2472:
2471:Outlook India
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2096:
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2079:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1976:
1975:www.efsas.org
1972:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1952:
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1471:
1458:
1454:
1453:Radio Liberty
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1079:
1077:
1075:
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1067:
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1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:Narendra Modi
1042:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:Narendra Modi
1014:
1007:
1005:
1003:
999:
998:Narendra Modi
994:
992:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
947:
940:
935:
933:
931:
927:
922:
920:
919:Chabahar Port
914:
907:
905:
897:
892:
885:
880:
878:
874:
865:
863:
860:
859:the country.
857:
853:
848:
844:
835:
826:
824:
822:
817:
815:
808:
806:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
784:
782:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
761:Narendra Modi
756:
753:
744:
740:
737:
732:
729:
725:
720:
718:
712:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
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686:
682:
677:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
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651:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:, connecting
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
593:
591:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:
563:
560:
556:
555:Afghan Hindus
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:supported by
520:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
478:to president
477:
473:
469:
465:
459:
455:
447:
445:
443:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
407:stationed in
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
359:
354:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
275:
269:
268:
266:
262:
259:gave them to
258:
254:
247:
245:
244:Maurya Empire
241:
237:
233:
232:Mahajanapadas
229:
225:
221:
213:
209:
204:
199:
195:
187:
185:
181:
179:
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106:
101:
92:
88:
83:
79:
76:
65:
55:
52:
50:
49:
45:
41:
36:
27:
19:
6033:Foreign aid
5867:Central Asia
5780:Soviet Union
5722:Cook Islands
5417:Turkmenistan
5372:Saudi Arabia
5194:
4948:South Africa
4938:Sierra Leone
4748:Burkina Faso
4621:Multilateral
4496:Turkmenistan
4476:Saudi Arabia
4425:
4320:. Retrieved
4308:
4281:
4273:
4255:
4230:. Retrieved
4225:
4216:
4204:. Retrieved
4192:
4183:
4171:. Retrieved
4159:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4126:
4114:. Retrieved
4109:
4100:
4088:. Retrieved
4083:
4074:
4062:. Retrieved
4057:
4047:
4035:. Retrieved
4031:the original
4021:
4009:. Retrieved
4005:the original
3994:
3982:. Retrieved
3977:
3968:
3956:. Retrieved
3951:
3942:
3926:
3914:. Retrieved
3908:
3902:
3890:. Retrieved
3885:
3876:
3864:. Retrieved
3854:
3848:
3836:. Retrieved
3832:Khaama Press
3822:
3810:. Retrieved
3806:
3797:
3785:. Retrieved
3781:the original
3774:
3764:
3752:. Retrieved
3748:
3738:
3726:. Retrieved
3722:
3712:
3700:. Retrieved
3696:
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3669:
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3643:
3634:
3622:. Retrieved
3618:
3608:
3596:. Retrieved
3593:The Diplomat
3592:
3582:
3570:. Retrieved
3565:
3556:
3544:. Retrieved
3535:
3526:
3514:. Retrieved
3510:the original
3505:
3495:
3486:
3477:
3465:. Retrieved
3460:
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
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2597:23 April
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2208:, p. 146
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5518:Georgia
5508:Finland
5503:Estonia
5498:Denmark
5483:Croatia
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5463:Belarus
5458:Austria
5453:Albania
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4858:Liberia
4853:Lesotho
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3122:NPR.org
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5651:Spain
5583:Malta
5553:Italy
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5392:Syria
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5282:Japan
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5235:China
5104:Haiti
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4958:Sudan
4908:Niger
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4848:Kenya
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3918:2016
3894:2021
3868:2016
3840:2019
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3704:2023
3678:2023
3652:2023
3626:2023
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3160:2021
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3015:2023
2989:2012
2963:2020
2933:2016
2910:2016
2884:2020
2855:2020
2829:2014
2799:2022
2735:2012
2712:2012
2681:2012
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2599:2010
2562:2008
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