33:
324:
In 2015, AR was described as the "biggest peaceful mass action since
Namibia’s independence in 1990." The level of organisation within the movement as well as the variety of political promises by its main activist, Amupanda, raised the concern that AR might be a "political party in the making". SWAPO
300:
offered 120 serviced land plots to applicants of the AR movement, among them
Amupanda, Nauyoma, and Kambala. This move has been widely criticised, and the AR leaders were accused of misusing their movement's goals by applying for plots in the upmarket holiday town of Henties Bay while being residents
256:
In the meantime, AR activists started mobilising young people to apply for land at the
Windhoek municipality. They used social media and existing SWAPO Youth League party structures. On 21 November 2014 the City of Windhoek received 14,000 individual land applications. In a second round of mass
190:(small residential land titles) from municipalities. Due to thousands of youth submitting their forms on the same day, these activities have the character of mass demonstrations. The movement had, in a first round in November 2014, achieved a wave of individual land applications in
194:, Namibia's capital, which had since spread to other Namibian towns. The Affirmative Repositioning movement had threatened to take the land by force had the applications not have been processed and approved by July 2015 in the local municipalities.
229:
Secretary for
Information, Publicity and Mobilisation at that time and also served in the youth wing's executive committee, resigned his positions shortly before all three activists were expelled from
312:
After political commentators had for some time speculated that the
Affirmative Repositioning movement would transform into a political party, the movement was registered for the
325:
has generally condemned the initial land grab, but regarding the subsequent mobilisation action the party has not taken a uniform position. Former SPYL secretary-general
313:
674:
835:
641:
217:
suburb, stating high rental prices in town and nepotism in the municipality as reasons for their actions. The action was widely seen as illegal
840:
257:
action on 27 February 2015, Windhoek received a further 2,500 applications. Land applications were also handed in to the municipalities of
135:
588:
304:
In May 2016 all three AR leaders were reinstated as SWAPO members after they won their respective court case against the party.
553:
769:
84:
845:
850:
593:
213:
On 9 November 2014, Amupanda, Kambala and
Nauyoma cleared land which they named "Erf 2014" in Windhoek's affluent
222:
620:
346:
684:
487:
208:
810:
727:
446:
421:
250:
790:
651:
748:
532:
369:"Incremental Dependencies: Politics and Ethics of Claim-making at the Fringes of Windhoek, Namibia"
238:
175:
32:
402:
116:
855:
815:
732:
646:
625:
598:
537:
492:
394:
163:
384:
376:
101:
89:
563:
508:
326:
246:
179:
105:
829:
406:
329:
has backed the movement but several regional SWAPO politicians do not approve of it.
218:
167:
151:
795:
774:
753:
711:
679:
558:
513:
483:
278:
242:
214:
183:
171:
93:
469:
706:
297:
286:
159:
109:
316:
as an association in the urban centres of
Windhoek, Walvis Bay and Swakopmund.
472:| Namibia: AR to Challenge Squatters Law After Activist's Bail - allAfrica.com
368:
266:
258:
398:
270:
262:
121:
97:
274:
191:
125:
76:
389:
380:
747:
Whittaker, Shaun; Boesak, Harry; van Wyk, Mitchell (20 December 2019).
155:
290:
233:
for their actions. This expulsion was ordered by the 'Top four' of
282:
234:
230:
66:
301:
of
Windhoek. As of May 2015 the plots have not been transferred.
253:. The trio vacated the illegally occupied plot after a few days.
422:"Affirmative Repositioning: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly"
552:
Tjihenua, Theresia; Haidula, Tuyeimo (24 November 2014).
507:Mongudhi, Tileni; Haidula, Tuyeimo (4 March 2015).
131:
115:
83:
72:
62:
47:
39:
21:
373:Revue internationale de politique de développement
347:"Namibia's Moment: Youth and Urban Land Activism"
470:https://allafrica.com/stories/201901220516.html
488:"Affirmative Repositioning – The Two Options"
186:platforms to mobilise residents to apply for
8:
675:"Amupanda disappointed by Gurirab's remarks"
583:
581:
447:"AR to launch 'People's Litigation Centre'"
509:"Politburo endorses Amupanda's suspension"
31:
18:
621:"Mass land applications hailed a success"
388:
770:"AR promises 76 000 houses for Windhoek"
526:
524:
482:Kambala, George; Nauyoma, Dimbulukeni;
337:
728:"Swapo welcomes back expelled quartet"
349:. Review of African Political Economy
7:
811:"Swapo divided on land applications"
789:Iikela, Sakeus (23 September 2020).
768:Iikela, Sakeus (19 September 2019).
531:Ndimbira, Diana (27 February 2015).
136:World Federation of Democratic Youth
726:Muraranganda, Elvis (16 May 2016).
445:Ndalikokule, Paulina (2019-04-24).
597:. 28 February 2015. Archived from
296:In April 2015 the municipality of
14:
554:"14 000 submit land applications"
589:"Mass land application peaceful"
791:"ECN registers 22 associations"
705:Haidula, Tuyeimo (7 May 2015).
642:"AR Trio Receive Henties Plots"
640:Heita, Hileni (24 April 2015).
16:Namibian political organisation
836:2015 establishments in Namibia
1:
841:21st-century social movements
673:Beukes, Jemima (7 May 2015).
367:Metsola, Lalli (2018-10-01).
707:"'Follow Swapo land policy'"
345:Becker, Heike (2016-01-18).
198:Establishment and operations
872:
206:
51:10 November 2014
144:Affirmative Repositioning
132:International affiliation
30:
24:Affirmative Repositioning
223:SWAPO Party Youth League
533:"Amupanda causes panic"
484:Amupanda, Job Shipululo
117:Political position
261:(9,500 applications),
209:Land reform in Namibia
154:political movement in
420:Kamwanyah, Ndumba J.
251:Laura McLeod-Katjirua
170:. Founded in 2014 by
749:"Namibia Post-Swapo"
486:(13 February 2015).
314:2020 local elections
245:, secretary-general
221:. Amupanda, who was
203:As a social movement
819:. 27 February 2015.
381:10.4000/poldev.2685
239:Hifikepunye Pohamba
176:Dimbulukeni Nauyoma
846:Namibian activists
308:As political party
158:mainly focused on
851:Reform in Namibia
647:Windhoek Observer
538:Windhoek Observer
249:, and his deputy
241:, vice-president
237:party: president
164:youth empowerment
141:
140:
863:
821:
820:
807:
801:
800:
786:
780:
779:
765:
759:
758:
744:
738:
737:
723:
717:
716:
702:
696:
695:
693:
692:
683:. Archived from
670:
664:
663:
661:
659:
650:. Archived from
637:
631:
630:
617:
611:
610:
608:
606:
585:
576:
575:
573:
571:
566:on 28 April 2015
562:. Archived from
549:
543:
542:
528:
519:
518:
504:
498:
497:
479:
473:
467:
461:
460:
458:
457:
442:
436:
435:
433:
432:
417:
411:
410:
392:
364:
358:
357:
355:
354:
342:
228:
102:Anti-imperialism
90:Marxism-Leninism
58:
56:
35:
19:
871:
870:
866:
865:
864:
862:
861:
860:
826:
825:
824:
809:
808:
804:
788:
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783:
767:
766:
762:
746:
745:
741:
725:
724:
720:
704:
703:
699:
690:
688:
672:
671:
667:
657:
655:
639:
638:
634:
629:. 2 March 2015.
619:
618:
614:
604:
602:
601:on 2 April 2015
587:
586:
579:
569:
567:
551:
550:
546:
530:
529:
522:
506:
505:
501:
481:
480:
476:
468:
464:
455:
453:
444:
443:
439:
430:
428:
419:
418:
414:
375:(10): 162–187.
366:
365:
361:
352:
350:
344:
343:
339:
335:
322:
310:
226:
211:
205:
200:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
63:Split from
54:
52:
26:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
869:
867:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
828:
827:
823:
822:
802:
781:
760:
739:
718:
697:
665:
654:on 18 May 2015
632:
612:
577:
544:
520:
499:
474:
462:
437:
412:
359:
336:
334:
331:
327:Elijah Ngurare
321:
318:
309:
306:
247:Nangolo Mbumba
204:
201:
199:
196:
182:, the AR uses
180:George Kambala
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
119:
113:
112:
106:Pan-Africanism
87:
81:
80:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
23:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
868:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
831:
818:
817:
812:
806:
803:
798:
797:
792:
785:
782:
777:
776:
771:
764:
761:
756:
755:
750:
743:
740:
735:
734:
729:
722:
719:
714:
713:
708:
701:
698:
687:on 2015-05-15
686:
682:
681:
676:
669:
666:
653:
649:
648:
643:
636:
633:
628:
627:
622:
616:
613:
600:
596:
595:
590:
584:
582:
578:
565:
561:
560:
555:
548:
545:
540:
539:
534:
527:
525:
521:
516:
515:
510:
503:
500:
495:
494:
489:
485:
478:
475:
471:
466:
463:
452:
448:
441:
438:
427:
423:
416:
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
386:
382:
378:
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370:
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348:
341:
338:
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328:
319:
317:
315:
307:
305:
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294:
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288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
224:
220:
219:land grabbing
216:
210:
202:
197:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
168:social reform
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
120:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
20:
814:
805:
796:The Namibian
794:
784:
778:. p. 3.
775:The Namibian
773:
763:
754:The Namibian
752:
742:
731:
721:
712:The Namibian
710:
700:
689:. Retrieved
685:the original
680:Namibian Sun
678:
668:
656:. Retrieved
652:the original
645:
635:
624:
615:
603:. Retrieved
599:the original
592:
568:. Retrieved
564:the original
559:The Namibian
557:
547:
536:
514:The Namibian
512:
502:
491:
477:
465:
454:. Retrieved
451:The Namibian
450:
440:
429:. Retrieved
426:The Namibian
425:
415:
390:10138/299207
372:
362:
351:. Retrieved
340:
323:
311:
303:
295:
279:Keetmanshoop
255:
243:Hage Geingob
215:Kleine Kuppe
212:
187:
184:social media
172:Job Amupanda
147:
143:
142:
73:Headquarters
40:Abbreviation
594:The Citizen
298:Henties Bay
287:Otjiwarongo
160:land reform
110:Land reform
830:Categories
691:2015-05-07
456:2021-07-05
431:2021-07-05
353:2021-07-05
333:References
289:(200) and
267:Swakopmund
259:Walvis Bay
207:See also:
55:2014-11-10
407:158177952
399:1663-9383
320:Reception
277:(2,500),
273:(2,500),
271:Ongwediva
269:(3,000),
265:(4,000),
263:Okahandja
122:Left-wing
98:Sankarism
79:, Namibia
856:Windhoek
605:28 April
570:28 April
275:Oshakati
192:Windhoek
126:far-left
94:Fanonism
85:Ideology
77:Windhoek
816:New Era
733:New Era
626:New Era
493:New Era
293:(200).
285:(400),
281:(800),
156:Namibia
152:leftist
150:) is a
53: (
48:Founded
405:
397:
291:Tsumeb
227:'s
225:(SPYL)
658:7 May
403:S2CID
283:Rundu
235:SWAPO
231:SWAPO
188:erven
67:SWAPO
660:2015
607:2015
572:2015
395:ISSN
178:and
166:and
385:hdl
377:doi
124:to
832::
813:.
793:.
772:.
751:.
730:.
709:.
677:.
644:.
623:.
591:.
580:^
556:.
535:.
523:^
511:.
490:.
449:.
424:.
401:.
393:.
383:.
371:.
174:,
162:,
148:AR
43:AR
799:.
757:.
736:.
715:.
694:.
662:.
609:.
574:.
541:.
517:.
496:.
459:.
434:.
409:.
387::
379::
356:.
146:(
57:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
