214:. The French text specifically states that there was Manx involvement in the assault. In Gerald's version of the events, Affreca's father supplied thirty ships to an unsuccessful later-attempt at ousting the Normans from Dublin. In the words of Gerald, "their fear of the threat of English domination, inspired by the successes of the English, made the men of the isles act all the more quickly, and with the wind in the northwest they immediately sailed about thirty ships full of warriors into the harbour of the
276:, the marriage between Affreca and de Courcy took place in 1180. Although scholars consider these annals particularly unreliable, a date of about 1180 may not be far off the mark, considering the time-frame of de Courcy's rapid rise to power. It is possible that de Courcy's marriage could have attributed to his success in Ulaid, considering the military resources of the Crovan dynasty. Less speculative is the likelihood that de Courcy's success was used by the Crovan dynasty, who were allied by marriage with
39:
210:(d. 1171), launched a sea-borne assault on the town with a force that numbered either sixty or one hundred ships respectively. Although Mac Turcaill's men successfully made landfall near the town, the sources indicate that his forces were utterly crushed by the Norman defenders, and that he was himself captured and
221:
With the conquest of Norse-Gaelic Dublin, and the ongoing entrenchment of the
English in Ireland, the Crovan dynasty found themselves surrounded by a potentially threatening, rising power in the Irish Sea zone. The dynasty did not take long to realign itself with this new power, in the form of a
187:, a seaport and seat of a somewhat independent kingdom ruled by various Norse-Gaelic kings. In September 1170, the forces of Mac Murchada and de Clare marched on Dublin, which was then successfully stormed by de Clare's men. According to the near contemporary
308:
specifies that de Courcy's massive force was further strengthened by Rögnvaldr with one hundred ships. Together the two laid siege to what the chronicle describes as "the castle of Rath", before being beaten back with the arrival of
323:. Although the expedition ultimately proved a failure, the annals note that the surrounding countryside was plundered and destroyed by the invaders. The identity of the castle noted by the chronicle is almost certainly
183:(d. 1176). In 1167, the reinforced Mac Murchada made his return and easily regained Leinster, and later gained further lands. One of the wealthiest and coveted settlements in 12th century Ireland was
171:(d. 1171), was forced from Ireland by his rivals. With the consent of Henry, Mac Murchada sought the aid of Henry's vassals in Wales and England. Through his daughter
2431:
288:
In a series of conflicts between 1201 and 1204, de Courcy finally fell from power. By 1205 he was forced from
Ireland altogether, and his lands were awarded to
1843:
Downham, Clare (2007), "Living on the edge: Scandinavian Dublin in the twelfth century", in Smith, Beverley Ballin; Taylor, Simon; Williams, Gareth (eds.),
1901:
Duffy, Seán (1995), "The first Ulster plantation: John de Courcy and the men of
Cumbria", in Barry, Terence B.; Frame, Robin; Simms, Katharine (eds.),
1906:
881:Óláfr Guðrøðarson (d. 1153) is known to have had at least two wives: Ingibjörg Hákonardóttir and Affraic ingen Fergusa. Ingibjörg was a daughter of
327:, which was possibly constructed by de Courcy before 1203. The defeat of 1205 marks the downfall of de Courcy, who never regained his Irish-lands.
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1956:
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Chronica regvm Manniæ et
Insvlarvm: the chronicle of Man and the Sudreys; from the manuscript codex in the British Museum; with historical notes
180:
2451:
2234:
1937:
1914:
1856:
2441:
2436:
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985:
1663:
The song of Dermot and the earl: an old French poem from the Carew manuscript no. 596 in the archiepiscopal library at
Lambeth palace
2461:
2456:
2389:
2170:
1833:
344:
197:(d. 1220x23), the leadership of the Dubliners managed to escape the carnage with their belongings, and sailed away into the Isles.
2347:
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2089:
2047:
2005:
1963:
1794:
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289:
202:
242:(d. before 1198), and was a member of the English garrison of Dublin. According to the Gerald, de Courcy led an invasion of
310:
270:. He thereafter ruled his lands with a certain amount of independence for about a quarter of a century. According to the
954:
1847:, The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, vol. 31,
1675:
272:
2157:
Flanagan, Marie
Therese (2005), "Anglo-Norman Invasion", in Duffy, Seán; MacShamhráin, Ailbhe; Moynes, James (eds.),
200:
While many of the
Dubliners may never have returned, Gerald's account and a mediaeval French text popularly known as
2411:
2406:
156:
1924:
Duffy, Seán (1998), "Ireland's
Hastings: the Anglo-Norman conquest of Dublin", in Harper-Bill, Christopher (ed.),
1617:
292:(d. 1242). Sometime in 1205, de Courcy rose in rebellion, and gained military support from Affreca's brother,
259:
2426:
1741:
1255:
864:
Secondary sources often assign anachronistic names to these incomers, such as: Anglo-French, Anglo-Norman,
238:
Nothing is known of de Courcy's early life. He arrived in
Ireland in 1176, with Henry's deputy in Ireland,
1820:
Crooks, Peter (2005), "Ulster, earldom of", in Duffy, Seán; MacShamhráin, Ailbhe; Moynes, James (eds.),
946:
911:
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44:
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1889:
933:
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714:
622:
557:
297:
239:
168:
152:
122:
1874:
Duffy, Seán (1992), "Irishmen and
Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171",
17:
2385:
2230:
2226:
2223:
Manx kingship in its Irish sea setting, 1187–1229: king RÇ«gnvaldr and the Crovan dynasty
2166:
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719:
222:
dynastic marriage between Affreca and one of the most powerful of the incoming Englishmen—
194:
141:
118:
94:
78:
1845:
West over the sea: studies in Scandinavian sea-borne expansion and settlement before 1300
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Affrica, sister of King Rognvald @ Paradox of Medieval Scotland 1093–1286
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2376:(2005), "Ulaid", in Duffy, Seán; MacShamhráin, Ailbhe; Moynes, James (eds.),
2032:
1866:
914:
form of a Gaelic or Norse epithet, and may refer to a deformity of the hands.
2381:
2162:
1825:
266:(d. 1201), and consolidated his conquest of the area with the erection of a
319:, which state that de Courcy brought a fleet from the Isles to battle the
1591:
137:
1903:
Colony and frontier in medieval Ireland: essays presented to J. F. Lydon
1893:
902:
Guðrøðr's ancestry is uncertain, although he very well may have been an
313:(d. 1241), Hugh's elder brother. The expedition is also recorded in the
93:
was a late 12th-/early 13th century noblewoman. She was the daughter of
976:
Ewan, Elizabeth (2018). "AFFRICA (AUFRIKE) OF GALLOWAY, Queen of Man".
907:
869:
320:
63:
2412:
John de Courcy (d.1219) @ Paradox of Medieval Scotland 1093–1286
184:
179:
1189), Mac Murchada gained a matrimonial-alliance with the powerful
872:. Contemporary Irish sources name the incomers simply as "English".
243:
206:
state that, about six months later, the deposed King of Dublin,
109:. Affrica is noted for religious patronage in northern Ireland.
343:, where John had previously given lands to his family priory,
2033:"Clare, Richard fitz Gilbert de, second earl of Pembroke (
1926:
Anglo-Norman studies: proceedings of the battle conference
136:
She is not to be confused with her grandmother Affrica of
2309:(online January 2008 ed.). Oxford University Press.
1784:"MagnĂşs Erlendsson, earl of Orkney (1075/6–1116?)"
1719:(online October 2006 ed.). Oxford University Press.
932:
Affraic's mother was an unnamed illegitimate daughter of
2351:(online May 2008 ed.). Oxford University Press.
1760:(online May 2011 ed.). Oxford University Press.
893:(d. 1161). Guðrøðr's mother was most likely Affraic.
246:
in 1177 (an area roughly encompassing what is today
1572:
Early sources of Scottish history: a.d. 500 to 1286
129:, a member of the Crovan dynasty. Godred ruled the
74:
62:
52:
31:
978:The New Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women
799:1. Affrica Guðrøðardóttir (d. in or after 1219)
167:. In 1166, the once powerful King of Leinster,
1504:
1502:
1249:. This webpage is a partial transcription of:
1014:
1012:
8:
2267:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2199:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2135:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2093:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2051:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2009:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1967:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1798:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
980:(2nd ed.). Edinburgh University Press.
947:William I, King of England, Duke of Normandy
1681:The historical works of Giraldus Cambrensis
364:
355:
37:
28:
999:
997:
1907:Continuum International Publishing Group
1605:Chartularies of St. Mary's abbey, Dublin
2348:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2342:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2306:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2300:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2264:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2258:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2196:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2190:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2132:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2126:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2090:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2084:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2048:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2042:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2006:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2000:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1964:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1958:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1795:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1789:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1757:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1751:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1716:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1710:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
968:
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105:. In the late 12th century she married
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181:Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
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1252:The Oxford Companion to Irish History
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280:, as a means of settling old scores.
7:
2432:People from the Kingdom of the Isles
1782:Crawford, Barbara Elizabeth (2004).
25:
2378:Medieval Ireland: an encyclopedia
2221:McDonald, Russell Andrew (2007),
2159:Medieval Ireland: an encyclopedia
2115:Flanagan, Marie Therese (2004c).
2073:Flanagan, Marie Therese (2004b).
2031:Flanagan, Marie Therese (2004a).
1822:Medieval Ireland: an encyclopedia
889:1126). Affraic was a daughter of
562:King of the Isles, King of Dublin
290:Hugh de Lacy, 1st Earl of Ulster
18:Affrica Guðrøðardóttir de Courcy
1746:"William I (1027/8–1087)"
1648:, vol. 1, printed for the
1380:: pp. 128–127. See also:
1364:: pp. 364–365. See also:
1340:: pp. 128–127. See also:
1181:: pp. 124–125. See also:
1161:: pp. 132–133. See also:
1121:: pp. 164–183. See also:
1117:: pp. 219–221. See also:
1061:: pp. 213–214. See also:
1057:: pp. 131–132. See also:
923:Fergus's ancestry is uncertain.
254:). He reached Down (modern day
203:The Song of Dermot and the Earl
2447:12th-century Scottish nobility
1575:, vol. 2, Oliver and Boyd
359:Ancestors of Affreca de Courcy
1:
2331:van Houts, Elisabeth (2004).
2185:"Henry I (1068/9–1135)"
1457:: pp. 61–62. See also:
955:Baudouin V, Count of Flanders
883:Hákon Pálsson, Earl of Orkney
2452:13th-century Scottish people
2365:UK public library membership
2323:UK public library membership
2281:UK public library membership
2213:UK public library membership
2149:UK public library membership
2107:UK public library membership
2065:UK public library membership
2023:UK public library membership
1981:UK public library membership
1812:UK public library membership
1774:UK public library membership
1733:UK public library membership
1109:: pp. 131–132, p. 132
1085:: pp. 131–132, p. 132
163:adventurers in 12th century
117:Affreca was the daughter of
2442:13th-century Scottish women
2437:12th-century Scottish women
2289:Smith, J. Beverley (2004).
2249:"Fergus, lord of Galloway (
273:Dublin Annals of Inisfallen
2488:
1618:Hennessy, William Maunsell
688:
578:
570:
459:
371:
304:), King of the Isles. The
157:Norman invasion of Ireland
2472:13th-century Irish people
2467:12th-century Irish people
2181:Hollister, Charles Warren
2117:"Mac Murchada, Diarmait (
1699:Bartlett, Robert (2004).
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2457:12th-century Irish women
1684:, George Bell & Sons
1587:Giraldi Cambrensis opera
1381:
1341:
1142:
1118:
949:(d. 1087), and his wife
934:Henry I, King of England
891:Fergus, Lord of Galloway
335:Affreca founded in 1193
260:Ruaidrà Mac Duinn Sléibe
43:Mannequin of Affreca at
2291:"Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (
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2015:10.1093/ref:odnb/50613
1973:10.1093/ref:odnb/50616
1804:10.1093/ref:odnb/65444
1766:10.1093/ref:odnb/29448
1725:10.1093/ref:odnb/10769
1037:: pp. 33–34, 39.
345:St Andrew of Stogursey
339:, in the peninsula of
91:Affrica Guðrøðardóttir
32:Affrica Guðrøðardóttir
2057:10.1093/ref:odnb/5447
1989:Duffy, Seán (2004b).
1947:Duffy, Seán (2004a).
1628:Longman & Company
1623:The annals of Loch CĂ©
1610:Longman & Company
1582:Dimock, James Francis
945:Henry was the son of
910:"crovan" is likely a
302:Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson
234:Marriage to de Courcy
1930:Boydell & Brewer
1828:, pp. 496–497,
1705:1146–1220x23)"
1658:Orpen, Goddard Henry
1636:Munch, Peter Andreas
1600:Gilbert, John Thomas
1384:: pp. 234–235.
1356:: p. 128. See also:
1328:: pp. 126–127.
1300:: p. 126. See also:
1272:: p. 493. See also:
1197:: p. 125. See also:
1169:: pp. 265–266.
1165:: p. 221. See also:
1157:: p. 124. See also:
1145:: pp. 164–183.
1125:: pp. 263–265.
1101:: p. 124. See also:
1077:: p. 124. See also:
1065:: pp. 256–257.
1049:: p. 124. See also:
240:William fitz Audelin
190:Expugnatio Hibernica
147:Anglo-Norman Ireland
131:Kingdom of the Isles
45:Carrickfergus Castle
1949:"Courcy , John de (
1886:Royal Irish Academy
1105:: p. 79. See also:
1081:: p. 79. See also:
331:Religious patronage
294:Ragnvald Godredsson
208:Ascall mac Ragnaill
2165:, pp. 17–19,
2075:"Lacy, Walter de (
1932:, pp. 69–85,
1851:, pp. 33–52,
1701:"Gerald of Wales (
1567:Anderson, Alan Orr
1368:: pp. 80–83.
1231:Simms, Katharine,
1006:: pp. 17–19.
284:John and RÇ«gnvaldr
169:Dermot MacMurrough
153:history of Ireland
101:, a member of the
2363:(Subscription or
2321:(Subscription or
2279:(Subscription or
2236:978-1-84682-047-2
2227:Four Courts Press
2211:(Subscription or
2147:(Subscription or
2121:1110–1171)"
2105:(Subscription or
2063:(Subscription or
2037:1130–1176)"
2021:(Subscription or
1991:"Godred Crovan (
1979:(Subscription or
1939:978-0-85115-573-9
1916:978-1-85285-122-4
1909:, pp. 1–29,
1858:978-90-04-15893-1
1810:(Subscription or
1772:(Subscription or
1731:(Subscription or
1692:Secondary sources
849:
848:
845:
844:
451:King of the Isles
447:Óláfr Guðrøðarson
389:King of the Isles
316:Annals of Loch CĂ©
306:Chronicle of Mann
173:Aoife MacMurrough
113:Family background
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87:Affreca de Courcy
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628:Lord of Galloway
558:Guðrøðr Óláfsson
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1642:, eds. (1874),
1640:Goss, Alexander
1634:
1626:, vol. 1,
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1590:, vol. 5,
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1473:: p. 64, p. 64
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195:Gerald of Wales
149:
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1539:. See also:
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1477:. See also:
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1437:. See also:
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1222:
1213:. See also:
1206:
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1141:. See also:
1139:fn 7–8
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1130:
1113:. See also:
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1053:. See also:
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1035:Downham 2007
1030:
1021:. See also:
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334:
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2374:Woolf, Alex
1479:Duffy 2004b
1459:Duffy 2004b
1435:Duffy 2004b
1423:Duffy 2004b
1406:Duffy 2004a
1302:Duffy 2004a
1286:Crooks 2005
1274:Duffy 2004a
1244:23 December
1227:Duffy 2004a
1211:Duffy 2004a
1199:Duffy 2004a
1167:Dimock 1867
1163:Wright 1894
1123:Dimock 1867
1115:Wright 1894
1063:Dimock 1867
1059:Wright 1894
256:Downpatrick
252:County Down
140:, Queen of
2421:Categories
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2333:"Matilda (
2325:required.)
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1888:: 93–133,
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1776:required.)
1735:required.)
1554:References
1541:Bates 2004
1509:Oram 2004b
1494:Oram 2004b
1443:Oram 2004b
1342:Smith 2004
1270:Woolf 2005
1183:Duffy 1992
1159:Duffy 1992
1143:Orpen 1892
1119:Orpen 1892
1107:Duffy 1992
1103:Duffy 1998
1083:Duffy 1992
1079:Duffy 1998
1055:Duffy 1992
957:(d. 1067).
936:(d. 1135).
680:5. Affraic
337:Grey Abbey
2382:Routledge
2247:(2004b).
2163:Routledge
1867:1569-1462
1826:Routledge
1396:: p. 129.
1316:: p. 126.
1288:: p. 496.
1185:: p. 133.
1137:: p. 124
964:Citations
912:Latinised
717:(d. 1135)
625:(d. 1161)
560:(d. 1187)
449:(d. 1153)
386:(d. 1095)
298:Old Norse
123:Old Norse
2183:(2004).
1894:30007421
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1111:fn 184
1087:fn 184
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623:Fergus
268:castle
216:Liffey
185:Dublin
75:Father
53:Spouse
1890:JSTOR
1849:Brill
1475:fn 34
853:Notes
244:Ulaid
2386:ISBN
2231:ISBN
2167:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1911:ISBN
1877:Ériu
1863:ISSN
1853:ISBN
1830:ISBN
1246:2011
982:ISBN
885:(d.
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713:22.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
