1725:
1715:
1733:
1895:
1170:
1905:
109:) in condemning European colonialism in Africa and providing support to revolutionary and anti-colonial movements across the continent. They provided several military and civil assistance programs to some of Africa's more radical states, including Guinea, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, Mali, and Tanzania. In return, North Korea was able to gain diplomatic recognition and other leverage; they were successful in ensuring South Korea was unable to join the
1854:
1842:
1039:
1798:
1769:
1808:
1873:
1757:
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1818:
1779:
269:. North Korea established a military mission in Mozambique during the early 1980s to support FRELIMO. North Korean advisers were instrumental in the formation of FRELIMO's first specialized counter-insurgency brigade, which was deployed from 1983 onward. Furthermore, the GDR has provided military assistance and training to members of the Mozambican
407:
Soldiers of the
Zimbabwean African National Liberation Army were trained in North Korea during the Rhodesian Bush War. In 1980, after independence was gained and Rhodesia became Zimbabwe, the new Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe visited North Korea. In October 1980, Kim Il Sung and Mugabe signed an
398:
during visits to North Korea. North Korea has provided training for pilots, technicians, police, marine forces, and special forces. In 2016 Uganda stated that it was ending this cooperation due to United
Nations sanctions against North Korea's nuclear weapons program. Uganda indicated, however, that
169:
in South Africa and refused to establish any diplomatic relations with the apartheid regime. When North Korea opened up for foreign tourists in 1986, it banned citizens of South Africa from entry (along with citizens of Japan, the United States, and Israel). Militants affiliated with the
248:, Abatcha formed a close relationship with other non-Arab Chadian revolutionaries to create a clandestine administrative committee composed of six like-minded revolutionaries. With the help of Cameroonian Marxists, Abatcha and a handful of faithful left Cairo in
252:
to train in North Korea. They returned to Egypt four months later, just days before the tax revolt in eastern Chad broke out in
Mangalmé. Due to his relations with the North Korean government, Abatcha and his companions were known as "the Koreans".
1536:
512:
317:
Trade between North Korea and
African nations is estimated to be worth US$ 100 million. This is a significant amount of money for North Korea due to foreign sanctions. North Korean deployed a team in 1978 and 1979, to help start up
1524:
1593:
55:
and the subsequent end of Soviet financial assistance. Due in part to this history of artistic diplomacy, African nations continue to represent most of
Mansudae Overseas' customers. Mansudae Overseas Projects built the
919:
528:
1027:
1661:
1834:
1588:
1074:
51:. Although many of its initial works were given freely as diplomatic gestures, especially in Africa, Mansudae Overseas began charging for its construction following the
1600:
948:
1020:
1922:
1917:
1005:
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1089:
455:
1654:
1622:
1618:
286:
433:
1957:
1627:
1013:
1605:
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20:
1219:
1104:
1149:
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689:
1747:
1484:
1453:
1337:
1327:
703:
1647:
996:
977:
893:
205:
from the time of Angola's struggle for independence. It is estimated that 3,000 North Korean troops and a thousand advisers took part in the
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1119:
1952:
762:
1742:
1479:
1332:
1322:
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1224:
1184:
72:. In Namibia's national museum, a black-and-white picture of a North Korean soldier leading a group of local soldiers hangs in the foyer.
1909:
1863:
1423:
1317:
1302:
1297:
1245:
1154:
1059:
47:. From its inception to the modern day, Mansudae Overseas has created monuments, sculptures, and government facilities in the style of
1929:
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804:
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1398:
1393:
1383:
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860:
1858:
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1418:
1413:
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1209:
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1189:
1134:
1094:
1255:
1043:
1696:
1443:
1408:
1342:
1312:
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1267:
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1114:
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1084:
142:
52:
1282:
1277:
1214:
1199:
1159:
550:
1566:
1885:
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1788:
305:
formed The South West
African Liberation Army – an insurgency against the South African government. SWLA rebels traveled to
434:"North Korea in Africa: Historical Solidarity, China's Role, and Sanctions Evasion | United States Institute of Peace"
1529:
574:
1822:
178:. Diplomatic relations between the two nations were established in 1998, after the end of apartheid. After the death of
1571:
1519:
183:
57:
1761:
938:
601:
261:
After
Mozambique gained its independence from Portugal in a revolution, it fell into a civil war between the communist
1546:
1783:
1169:
40:
1691:
724:
Collins, Robert O. Africa's Thirty Years War: Libya, Chad, and the Sudan, 1963–1993, p. 38.: Westview Press, 1999.
141:) and supported the black African guerrilla fighters, alongside North Korea and the Soviet Union. Soldiers of the
39:
As part of their efforts to attain widespread diplomatic recognition, the North Korean government established the
463:
171:
121:
missiles. Egypt even had diplomatic relations established with Israel before it had relations with South Korea.
113:. In Egypt's case, the relationship was especially close; North Korean pilots flew Egyptian fighters in the 1973
1561:
1556:
413:
298:
1737:
352:
825:
282:
761:
Klaus
Storkmann, "Fighting the Cold War in southern Africa? East German military support to FRELIMO"
408:
agreement for an exchange of soldiers. Following this agreement, 106 North Korean soldiers arrived in
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881:
679:
110:
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44:
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130:
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992:
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856:
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520:
206:
48:
788:
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149:, where North Korean military officers trained them with explosives. After Rhodesia became
1583:
1510:
391:
270:
225:
789:
485:"The African Renaissance Monument – Africa's most controversial statue – Public Delivery"
1894:
372:
368:
179:
114:
28:
1946:
1904:
1671:
154:
244:, had close ties with Pyongyang and had North Korean help for its establishment. In
334:
has called for pressure on
African nations to reduce their trade with North Korea.
186:
106:
94:
967:
1853:
1841:
1038:
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323:
306:
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90:
65:
27:. Many African nations maintain a close relationship with North Korea, despite
331:
319:
61:
643:
524:
1797:
1714:
852:
659:
394:, Uganda's president since 1986, has said that he learned basic Korean from
249:
214:
166:
146:
908:://www.nti.org/gsn/article/north-korea-offers-nigeria-ballistic-missile-aid
409:
241:
233:
150:
138:
134:
86:
1768:
943:
885:
684:
651:
622:
Koh, B (1988). "North Korea in 1987: Launching a New Seven-Year Plan".
364:
262:
153:
in 1980, North Korea maintained an alliance with
Zimbabwean president
1872:
1756:
1732:
387:
348:
281:
After the black African rebels overthrew the ruling Arab monarchy of
266:
229:
202:
193:, and praised Mandela's "struggle against racism and for democracy".
175:
69:
24:
826:"North Korea's loyal partners in Africa | DW | 21.09.2017"
635:
1829:
1817:
1778:
1724:
327:
302:
245:
237:
174:
received training from North Korean agents in camps hidden inside
98:
1807:
210:
118:
102:
1643:
1009:
920:"North Korea's surprising, lucrative relationship with Africa"
513:"North Korea's surprising, lucrative relationship with Africa"
939:"Uganda reveals another military contract with North Korea"
845:
Handbook of Global Environmental Policy and Administration
412:
to train a brigade of soldiers that became known as the
456:"U.N. decapitates North Korea's statue export business"
741:. New York: Crane, Russak & Company. p. 124.
285:, North Korea received immediate recognition from the
60:
in Senegal, which is the tallest statue in Africa. In
363:
North Korea offered ballistic missile assistance to
228:
and his revolutionary movement, a synthesis between
133:, North Korea opposed the white-ruled government of
1705:
1688:
Asian–African Sub-Regional Organisations Conference
1678:
1509:
1493:
1472:
1366:
1233:
1177:
1050:
602:"North Korea and Zimbabwe: A Friendship Explained"
189:expressed condolences on behalf of Supreme Leader
209:in the 1970s and 1980s, supporting the communist
399:it still considered North Korea to be a friend.
19:refers to the diplomatic relations between the
1589:2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit
774:
201:North Korea has had a strong relationship with
878:Coup d'etat by the Gambia National Army: 34537
1655:
1021:
843:Soden, Dennis; Steel, Brent R., eds. (1999).
367:after a meeting with Nigerian vice president
8:
791:The Devils Are Among Us: The War for Namibia
1601:2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit
1662:
1648:
1640:
1028:
1014:
1006:
557:, archived from the original on 2006-10-19
236:, which in 1966 he ended up organizing in
182:in 2013, Chairman of the Presidium of the
1537:1983 NAM Education and Culture Conference
377:Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly
787:Herbstein, Denis; Evenson, John (1989).
351:martial arts instructors to provide the
732:
730:
673:
671:
669:
630:(1). California, United States: 62–70.
587:
425:
287:People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba
991:. Johannesburg: 30° South Publishers.
739:Terrorism, the North Korean connection
678:Young, Benjamin R (16 December 2013).
566:
506:
504:
966:Sheriff, Abdul; Ferguson, Ed (1991).
820:
818:
816:
704:"North Korea pays tribute to Mandela"
692:from the original on 3 November 2016.
680:"North Korea: Opponents of Apartheid"
81:Cold War and Decolonization of Africa
21:Democratic People's Republic of Korea
7:
1606:2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit
989:P. K. van der Byl: African Statesman
763:Portuguese Journal of Social Science
390:is a long-term ally of North Korea.
1692:Africa – European Union Partnership
549:Foster-Carter, Aidan (2006-09-06),
145:were invited to a hidden camp near
23:(North Korea) and the continent of
951:from the original on 21 July 2016.
937:Macdonald, Hamish (20 July 2016).
795:. London: Zed Books Ltd. pp.
117:and Egypt exported to North Korea
14:
347:North Korea dispatched a team of
1958:Foreign relations of North Korea
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1044:Foreign relations of North Korea
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165:North Korea strongly condemned
143:Zimbabwe African National Union
53:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1670:Strategic Partnerships of the
1:
987:Wessels, Hannes (July 2010).
918:Sieff, Kevin (10 July 2017).
454:Pearson, James (2016-12-01).
1630:(includes list of ministers)
1525:Security Council resolutions
969:Zanzibar Under Colonial Rule
355:with self-defence training.
68:can be found in the capital
58:African Renaissance Monument
17:Africa–North Korea relations
1953:Foreign relations of Africa
1697:Africa–South America Summit
1628:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1547:Inter-Korean Liaison Office
972:. James Currey Publishers.
775:Sheriff & Ferguson 1991
551:"Seoul cleans up in Africa"
511:Sieff, Kevin (2017-07-10).
1974:
600:Crabtree, Justina (2018).
41:Mansudae Overseas Projects
31:sanctions on North Korea.
1614:
1166:
737:Bermudez, Joseph (1997).
573:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
213:and fighting against the
184:Supreme People's Assembly
172:African National Congress
161:Apartheid in South Africa
89:, North Korea joined the
1075:Central African Republic
876:Sarr, Samsudeen (2007).
299:South African Border War
293:South African Border War
217:South African military.
309:for military training.
265:and the anti-communist
64:, a street named after
43:as a subsidiary of its
1679:Continent to Continent
1619:Diplomatic missions of
353:military of the Gambia
1706:Continent to Country
1552:Inter-Korean summits
257:Mozambican Civil War
111:Non-Aligned Movement
277:Zanzibar Revolution
45:Mansudae Art Studio
1859:South Korea–Africa
1847:North Korea–Africa
1685:Africa–Arab Summit
489:publicdelivery.org
131:Rhodesian Bush War
125:Rhodesian Bush War
1940:
1939:
1637:
1636:
1090:Equatorial Guinea
998:978-1-920143-49-7
979:978-0-85255-080-9
895:978-146-910-014-2
221:Chadian Civil War
207:Angolan Civil War
197:Angolan Civil War
49:socialist realism
1965:
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1802:Indonesia–Africa
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462:. Archived from
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379:of North Korea.
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855:. p. 284.
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35:Art and culture
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369:Atiku Abubakar
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29:United Nations
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1823:Italy–Africa
1789:Forum Summit
1784:India–Africa
1738:China-Africa
1511:Multilateral
1150:South Africa
1065:Burkina Faso
1051:
988:
968:
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923:
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829:
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624:Asian Survey
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605:. Retrieved
595:
588:Wessels 2010
583:
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554:
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533:. Retrieved
529:the original
516:
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464:the original
459:
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428:
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346:
326:in Rwanda.
316:
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273:in the GDR.
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187:Kim Yong-nam
164:
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107:Soviet Union
97:(especially
95:Eastern Bloc
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1910:U.S.–Africa
1812:Iran–Africa
1485:New Zealand
1454:Switzerland
1338:South Korea
1328:Philippines
882:Bloomington
706:. Afp. 2013
396:Kim Il Sung
324:aquaculture
307:North Korea
297:During the
191:Kim Jong Un
129:During the
91:Third World
85:During the
66:Kim il-Sung
1947:Categories
1567:April 2018
1501:Yugoslavia
1241:Bangladesh
1140:Seychelles
1120:Mauritania
849:Boca Raton
561:2009-11-26
555:Asia Times
535:2023-01-13
494:2023-01-13
470:2023-01-13
440:2021-02-27
436:. Usip.org
420:References
343:The Gambia
332:Shinzo Abe
320:Asian carp
105:, and the
62:Mozambique
1594:reactions
1530:Sanctions
1513:relations
1480:Australia
1333:Singapore
1323:Palestine
1273:Indonesia
1261:Hong Kong
1225:Venezuela
1185:Argentina
853:CRC Press
644:0004-4687
525:0190-8286
250:June 1965
215:apartheid
167:apartheid
147:Pyongyang
1914:summits
1743:economic
1572:May 2018
1424:Portugal
1318:Pakistan
1303:Mongolia
1298:Malaysia
1246:Cambodia
1178:Americas
1155:Tanzania
1060:Botswana
949:Archived
690:Archived
660:48536955
569:citation
410:Zimbabwe
403:Zimbabwe
338:Military
328:Japanese
283:Zanzibar
242:FROLINAT
234:Islamism
151:Zimbabwe
139:Zimbabwe
135:Rhodesia
93:and the
87:Cold War
1473:Oceania
1459:Ukraine
1429:Romania
1404:Iceland
1399:Hungary
1394:Germany
1384:Finland
1379:Denmark
1374:Albania
1358:Vietnam
1308:Myanmar
1256:History
1205:Grenada
1145:Somalia
1130:Nigeria
1125:Namibia
1080:Comoros
1070:Burundi
960:Sources
944:NK News
886:Xlibris
685:NK News
652:2644873
460:Reuters
365:Nigeria
359:Nigeria
322:-based
263:FRELIMO
76:History
1449:Sweden
1439:Serbia
1434:Russia
1419:Poland
1414:Norway
1389:France
1367:Europe
1353:Turkey
1348:Taiwan
1288:Israel
1210:Mexico
1195:Canada
1190:Brazil
1135:Rwanda
1095:Gambia
1052:Africa
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383:Uganda
375:, the
349:karate
267:RENAMO
230:Maoism
203:Angola
176:Angola
70:Maputo
25:Africa
1835:TICAD
1748:FOCAC
1444:Spain
1409:Italy
1343:Syria
1313:Nepal
1293:Japan
1268:India
1251:China
1115:Libya
1110:Kenya
1100:Ghana
1085:Egypt
799:–23.
648:JSTOR
313:Trade
303:SWAPO
246:Cairo
238:Sudan
137:(now
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1930:AGOA
1923:2022
1918:2014
1886:2023
1881:2019
1864:2024
1719:AAPF
1562:2007
1557:2000
1283:Iraq
1278:Iran
1234:Asia
1215:Peru
1200:Cuba
1160:Togo
993:ISBN
974:ISBN
890:ISBN
857:ISBN
801:ISBN
743:ISBN
712:2021
656:OCLC
640:ISSN
609:2021
575:link
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