1802:, in 1897 when it was known as the Ex-Slave Petitioners’ Assembly. It was one of several leagues or assemblies that had formed at the end of the century to support bills working their way through the United States Congress to grant pensions to former slaves. These leagues claimed that membership in an association was required to qualify for a pension, if and when Congress passed such a bill. In 1900, that Assembly was reorganized as the National Industrial Council. In 1903 it added opposition to lynching, Jim Crow laws, disfranchisement, anti-imperialism, and scientific racism to its agenda, broadening its appeal to Black voters in Northern and Midwestern states. In 1904 the Council moved its headquarters from Arkansas to
30:
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placed third out of ten candidates for the
Democratic nomination with more than 3 million primary votes. He won primaries or caucuses in four states and the District of Columbia. Jackson's campaign made progress by building on Chisholm's legacy. His 1984 campaign registered nearly 2 million voters of all racial backgrounds. By registering so many new voters, Jackson expanded the Democratic Party's base. He also inspired African American voters. Exit polls showed that nearly 12% of all Black voters were participating for the first time. Jackson's campaign won him a speaking slot at the
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party's establishment. Chisholm paved the way for
African American and female candidates. Her goal was to make the Democratic Party more responsive to the people. When describing her reasons for running, Chisholm said, “I am not the candidate of black America, although I am black and proud. I am not the candidate of the women’s movement of this country, although I am a woman, and I am equally proud of that…I am the candidate of the people of America.” In the 1972 primary, Chisholm won more than 430,000 votes in fourteen states and 28 delegates at the
1753:. Afterward, during the roll call vote, he received one vote, so was nominally a candidate for the presidency. In those years, the candidates for the position and vice presidency were chosen by state representatives voting at the nominating convention. Many decisions were made by negotiations between state and party leaders "behind closed doors." Douglass was "never a contender" for the presidency in 1888 and had previously received a roll call vote in 1848 for a minor political party's presidential nomination.
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1817:, in July 1904. It intended to field candidates in states that had sizeable Black populations. Its platform included planks that dealt with disfranchisement, insufficient career opportunities for Blacks in the United States military, imperialism, public ownership of railroads, “self-government” for the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.), lynching and pensions for ex-slaves. The convention selected “Col.”
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Democratic presidential nomination. She advocated for expanding opportunities and encouraged women to seek positions of power. “Now is the time for
Democrats to renew hope that we will leave for the next generation in even better shape than we found it,” Moseley Braun said, “And a woman can lead the way.” Though Moseley Braun ended her campaign in January 2004, she earned a speaking slot at the
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of a major party, Chisholm paved the way for Jesse
Jackson Sr. who would be the next major African American candidate to run. For future candidates, Chisholm advised, “the next campaign by a woman or black must be well prepared, and well-financed; it must be planned long in advance, and it must aim at building a new coalition.”
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In July of 1971 Shirley
Chisholm, Member of Congress from New York's Twelfth District, began to explore the possibility of running for President. When she formally announced her candidacy the following January 25, she became the first woman and the first African American to seek the nomination of the
1840:
Taylor's campaign in 1904 was unsuccessful. The party was unable to gather 300 speakers to support his candidacy nor to field 6,000 candidates for local offices. No newspaper endorsed this party. State laws kept the party from listing candidates officially on election ballots. The party was unable to
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in Miami. Chisholm provided a boost to George McGovern, the eventual
Democratic nominee when she campaigned for him after the convention. Chisholm's candidacy inspired many women and African Americans to make a difference in politics. As the first African American and woman to run for the nomination
2000:
got underway in early 2008. Obama emerged as a serious contender for the nomination and was the first
African American to win the designation of a major party in a United States presidential election. As the Democratic Party's nominee, he won the general election on November 4, 2008. On January 20,
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Sharpton's 2004 campaign also focused on equal rights. In describing why he was running, Sharpton said, “ I think if we stand up for workers’ rights, stand up for a peace plan worldwide, stand up for the constitutional rights of every
American, those people will come back , and those people are the
2619:
Whether or not he is elected
President, whether or not he is even nominated for Vice President, whether or not he wins more primaries, the world is likely to remember 1988 as the Year of Jackson — the year when, for the first time in American history, a black made a serious bid for the White
2183:
The results of
African-American presidential campaigns had ranged from winning the presidency to dropping out before primary voting began. However, all of the candidates have had a political impact by making sure their voices were a part of the national debate and gaining some attention from their
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Sharpton and Moseley Braun followed Jackson's campaign when they ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004. Moseley Braun, having already made history as the only African American woman elected to the United States Senate became the most visible female candidate to run for the 2004
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seemed to follow Chisholm's advice in his 1984 run for president. His 1984 campaign sought to bring together a “Rainbow Coalition” of African Americans, Hispanics, the poor, the elderly, family farmers, and women that would challenge the conservative policies of President Ronald Reagan. Jackson
1837:. After convention delegates had left St. Louis, Scott was arrested and jailed for having failed to pay a fine imposed in 1901. The party's executive committee turned to Taylor (who had just resigned as president of the National Negro Democratic League) to lead the party's ticket.
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was fractured by the debate over the issue of linking the nation's currency to silver as well as to gold. By 1904, Taylor was positioned to abandon the party and bureau that he had led as president for two terms. It was not a good time to be a Black Democrat. This was close to the
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African American candidates have a variety of reasons for running for president. Some candidates run because they think they can win. Others run to influence the national debate by advocating for specific policy proposals. Some run for a combination of these reasons.
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2223:. Keyes garnered a significant amount of free media during this campaign. The number of primary votes Keyes received increased from his 1996 campaign (471,716) to his 2000 campaign (914,548) but his vote total decreased in his 2008 primary run (58,977).
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get Taylor's name added to any state ballot. The votes he received were not recorded in state records. William Scott later estimated that the party had received 65,000 votes nationwide, a number that could not be verified.
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2200:, which provided a national platform for him to present his agenda. In his 1988 campaign, Jackson increased his support to 6.9 million primary votes and won 9 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
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majority of Americans.” Like Moseley Braun, Sharpton's campaign allowed him to participate in the early nationally televised Democratic Party primary debates and earned him a speaking slot at the
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In 1904 the executive committee of the newly formed National Negro Liberty Party asked "Judge" Taylor to be their candidate for the office of president of the United States. That party started in
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167:
119:
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2076:. Carson received 857,039 votes during the Republican primaries; this total represented 2.75% of the votes cast. He was supported by seven delegates at the Republican National Convention.
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1864:
was nominated for vice president, the first African American to be nominated for that office by a major party. Bond, ineligible on account of being under the required age (35), withdrew.
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1729:. He was the first African American to win a presidential election and the first African American to serve as president of the United States. He was re-elected as president in
1412:
89:
3525:
1402:
1397:
1969:
Barack Obama was born to an American mother of European descent (except for at least one African ancestor in the colonial period - Punch) and an African father. His mother,
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1926:
and to win individual states' primaries or caucuses. He competed as a Democrat. In 1984, he garnered around 3 million votes in the primaries and 1988, about 7 million.
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House Resolution 97, Recognizing Contributions, Achievements, and Dedicated Work of Shirley Anita Chisholm, From the Congressional Record Online via GPO Access .
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was president of the National Negro Democratic League. Since 1890 white Southern Democrats had been enacting state laws or constitutional changes that effectively
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2981:"Obama Becomes First Black Democratic Presidential Nominee: The Third African American Senator Since Reconstruction Makes History." ABC News. Retrieved 1/19/09.
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1829:, as his vice-presidential running mate. The 37-year-old Payne, who later founded an industrial school in Puerto Rico, had served as a Cabin Steward on the
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Democratic nomination within weeks of each other. Both withdrew from the race before any nominating contests were held. On December 3, 2019, Harris ended
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2001:
2009, he was sworn in as the first African-American president of the United States. He was re-elected to a second term as president on November 6, 2012.
633:
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James Davidson, “Encountering the Ex-Slave Reparation Movement from the Grave: The National Industrial Council and National Liberty Party, 1901-1907,”
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Glasrud, Bruce A and Cary D. Wintz. African Americans and the Presidency: The Road to the White House. New York: Routledge, 2010. Page 174. Print.
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Glasrud, Bruce A and Cary D. Wintz. African Americans and the Presidency: The Road to the White House. New York: Routledge, 2010. Page 121. Print.
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Glasrud, Bruce A and Cary D. Wintz. African Americans and the Presidency: The Road to the White House. New York: Routledge, 2010. Page 120. Print.
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Glasrud, Bruce A and Cary D. Wintz. African Americans and the Presidency: The Road to the White House. New York: Routledge, 2010. Page 119. Print.
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Glasrud, Bruce A and Cary D. Wintz. African Americans and the Presidency: The Road to the White House. New York: Routledge, 2010. Page 74. Print.
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Glasrud, Bruce A and Cary D. Wintz. African Americans and the Presidency: The Road to the White House. New York: Routledge, 2010. Page 10. Print.
1996:. A Democrat, Obama was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2004. The distinct possibility of an African American becoming elected was realized as the
3498:
Glasrud, Bruce A and Cary D. Wintz. African Americans and the Presidency: The Road to the White House. New York: Routledge, 2010. Page 9. Print.
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1982:
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On the Republican side, Keyes first ran for the nomination in 1996 seeking to get his party to focus on social issues such as
17:
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1939:
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1199:
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3167:"PM Golding congratulates Kamala Harris-daughter of Jamaican – on appointment as California's First Woman Attorney General"
1857:, a minister and civil rights leader, was placed in nomination for President of the United States. He received 67.5 votes.
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This article is about candidates from major parties. For African American presidential candidates from minor parties, see
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2323:"Frederick Douglass, Convention Presidential Nominations, and Kentucky · Notable Kentucky African Americans Database"
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1977:; she was mostly of English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss, and Welsh ancestry. His father,
1822:
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691:
575:
349:
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58:
1946:
that year). He became the first African-American candidate to run in the Republican presidential primaries in
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Walters, Ronald W. Freedom Is Not Enough. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, Inc., 2005. Page 139. Print.
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Gutgold, Nichola D. Paving the Way for Madam President, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006. Page 156. Print.
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Gutgold, Nichola D. Paving the Way for Madam President, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006. Page 157. Print.
3410:
Walters, Ronald W. Freedom Is Not Enough. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, Inc., 2005. Page 28. Print.
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Gutgold, Nichola D. Paving the Way for Madam President, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006. Page 65. Print.
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Gutgold, Nichola D. Paving the Way for Madam President, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006. Page 52. Print.
1778:” laws. Northern Democrats seemed unwilling and unable to control the excesses of their Southern parties.
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1825:, as its 1904 candidate for the office of president and William C. Payne, a little-known teacher from
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2058:. He received a brief surge of attention and popularity but withdrew before any primaries were held.
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146:
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2216:, the same year future president Barack Obama gained national attention for his convention speech.
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1986:
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
1892:, she gained additional votes from disaffected Democrats and ended with a total of 152 delegates.
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1992:
Obama was identified as a potential candidate for president of the U.S. after his speech at the
1989:. His parents had met and married in Hawai'i. They separated and divorced when he was a child.
1888:
in numerous states. She campaigned in 12 states and won 28 delegates. In the balloting at the
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4161:
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2734:
2688:"The Modern History of the Republican Presidential Primary, 1976-2012 – Sabato's Crystal Ball"
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2925:"From Obama's old school to his ancestral village, world reacts to US presidential election"
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1978:
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1974:
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911:
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2363:""Scientific racism" is on the rise on the right. But it's been lurking there for years"
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Kamala Harris is an American of Jamaican and Tamil Indian descent. Her mother was a
2095:, and Booker followed on January 13, 2020. Meanwhile, former Massachusetts governor
1708:
List of African-American United States presidential and vice presidential candidates
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2994:"A MAN WITH A MESSAGE – ALAN KEYES: THE REPUBLICAN LONG SHOT WHO'S WINNING DEBATES"
2798:"For sure, Obama's South Side Irish; One of his roots traces back to small village"
2555:
1964:
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was gaining acceptance within the nation's intellectual and scientific community.
5027:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
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1806:, and reorganized as the National Negro Civil Liberty Party. It was following a
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455:
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3302:"Deval Patrick Joins the 2020 Race: 'This Won't Be Easy, and It Shouldn't Be'"
2431:"Others: Third Parties During The Populist Period, by Darcy Richardson, p 381.
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2009:
1970:
1935:
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3046:"Herman Cain Exclusive Interview: He Talks About Why He Dropped Out, Plans"
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in Boston where she had a national platform to advocate for equal rights.
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Indian breast-cancer scientist who immigrated to the United States from
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2072:. He polled well for a time in late 2015, but withdrew after the first
1942:. He did not campaign for President (he was the Republican nominee for
1086:
392:
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Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
3096:
2117:. He withdrew from the race before any nominating contests were held.
5164:
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993:
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2298:, India, in 1960. Her father is a black Jamaican who emigrated from
2504:"Channing E. Phillips Dies at 59; Minister and Civil Rights Leader"
4977:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
4976:
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3404:
3193:"California Attorney General Kamala Harris marries Douglas Emhoff"
766:
28:
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3169:. Jamaican Information Service. December 2, 2010. Archived from
1808:
growing wave of black migrants from the South to northern cities
796:
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3480:
Connolly, Ceci. “The Republicans.” Washington Post 1998. Online
3335:"Tim Scott officially kicks off 2024 GOP presidential campaign"
5942:
African-American candidates for President of the United States
3072:"Ben Carson Withdraws From GOP Debate, Sees No 'Path Forward'"
2946:
Diversity in the Power Elite: How it Happened, why it Matters.
2822:"Tiny Irish village is latest place to claim Obama as its own"
2124:
18:
African American candidates for president of the United States
3212:"Kamala Harris, a 'Top Cop' in the era of Black Lives Matter"
3231:"Donald Trump Jr. shared a racist tweet about Kamala Harris"
2267:
African-American heritage of presidents of the United States
1922:
was the first major-party black candidate to run nationwide
1880:, U.S. Congresswoman from New York, was a candidate for the
1813:
The first national convention of that new party convened in
3115:"The New Face of Politics… An Interview with Kamala Harris"
2142:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
2102:
into the race for the Democratic presidential nomination.
3394:
3392:
1733:. There had been several candidates in the years before.
3355:
3353:
2272:
List of African-American United States Senate candidates
3251:
Herndon, Astead; Goldmacher, Shane (December 3, 2019).
2148:
1938:
received a vote for the presidential nomination at the
2903:"President Obama's Father: A 'Bold And Reckless Life'"
2721:
Smolenyak, Megan Smolenyak (November–December 2008).
2598:"Jackson Is Seen as Winning a Solid Place in History"
2523:"The Whole World Was Watching – Chicago 1968, Part 4"
1950:, but he did not win any state's primary or caucus.
5739:
5654:
5378:
5311:
5249:
5149:
5110:
5035:
4950:
4870:
4808:
4750:
4399:
4254:
3925:
3782:
3754:
3719:
3642:
3594:
3546:
3539:
2775:Rising, David; Noelting, Christoph (June 4, 2009).
1589:
Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers
2796:Hutton, Brian; Nickerson, Matthew (May 3, 2007).
2666:"US President - R Convention Race - Aug 17, 1992"
2634:"Jackson Share of Votes By Whites Triples in '88"
2572:Democratic Party for the nation's highest office.
5012:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
2843:"Wales link in US presidential candidate's past"
2620:House and was taken seriously by the electorate.
5057:Black players in professional American football
5007:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
3554:African Americans in the United States Congress
2556:"Shirley Chisholm's 1972 Presidential Campaign"
1725:(D-IL), elected president of the United States
2087:declared their presidential campaigns for the
1791:of blacks in the South was high. In addition,
316:Education of freed people during the Civil War
3903:
3634:Speakers and presidents of state legislatures
3519:
3279:"Cory Booker ends 2020 presidential campaign"
1687:
8:
4770:Historically black colleges and universities
3253:"Kamala Harris Is Dropping Out of 2020 Race"
2959:"America Votes 2004: U.S. Senate / Illinois"
327:Historically black colleges and universities
2944:Zweigenhaft, R.L. and Domhoff, G.W. (2006)
2755:"Tracing Barack Obama's Roots to Moneygall"
311:Education during the slave period in the US
5039:
3910:
3896:
3888:
3639:
3629:National Black Caucus of State Legislators
3543:
3526:
3512:
3504:
2550:
2548:
1694:
1680:
1551:
1142:
1052:
879:
817:
742:
634:National Black Caucus of State Legislators
611:
507:
235:
63:
36:
4987:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
3579:Majority-minority congressional districts
2807:. Press Association of Ireland. p. 3
2171:Learn how and when to remove this message
90:Slavery in the colonial history of the US
5932:History of African-American civil rights
3020:"GOP debate lets in mostly unseen Keyes"
2502:McQuiston, John T. (November 12, 1987).
1906:Jesse Jackson 1988 presidential campaign
1902:Jesse Jackson 1984 presidential campaign
3872:District of Columbia statehood movement
2404:The Journal of African American History
2314:
2283:
1774:and were imposing segregation through “
1597:
1554:
1484:
1446:
1381:
1273:
1145:
1095:
1055:
1022:
974:
882:
831:
745:
647:
614:
551:
528:
510:
434:
401:
368:
340:
301:
238:
195:
159:
66:
48:
5937:Political history of the United States
5886:Topics related to the African diaspora
4992:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
2113:for the Republican nomination for the
5866:Landmark African-American legislation
3574:Congressional Black Caucus Foundation
2777:"Researchers: Obama has German roots"
2610:from the original on 13 February 2009
832:Athletic associations and conferences
321:History of African-American education
7:
4997:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
3457:"White House 2000 - The Republicans"
3044:Murphy, Patricia (3 December 2011).
3018:Abcarian, Robin (13 December 2007).
2562:from the original on 19 January 2009
2440:For accounts of the convention, see
2035:were unsuccessful candidates in the
1780:The National Negro Democratic League
755:Association for the Study of African
5351:African-American Vernacular English
3877:African-American self-determination
3612:National Conference of Black Mayors
3300:Stevens, Matt (November 14, 2019).
2845:. walesonline.co.uk. Archived from
2723:"The quest for Obama's Irish roots"
1994:2004 Democratic National Convention
1890:1972 Democratic National Convention
1884:nomination and participated in the
1851:1968 Democratic National Convention
1751:1888 Republican National Convention
1569:Race and ethnicity in the US census
1070:African-American Vernacular English
639:National Conference of Black Mayors
5269:U.S. cities with large populations
4972:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
3277:Buck, Rebecca (January 13, 2020).
3141:"Obituary: Dr. Shyamala G. Harris"
2923:David R Arnott (7 November 2012).
2872:"Kenyans Enthusiastic About Obama"
2870:Kipkemboi, Andrew (June 1, 2008).
2686:Skelley, Geoffrey (Jan 21, 2016).
2521:Campbell, Rick (August 30, 2008).
772:National Black Chamber of Commerce
25:
4142:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
4138:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
3945:African American founding fathers
2841:David Williamson (July 5, 2008).
2066:ran for the Republican nomination
1476:Places by plurality of population
142:Civil rights movement (1954–1968)
132:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
85:Abolitionism in the United States
5904:
5022:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
4167:Nadir of American race relations
3742:Black women in American politics
2992:George, Robert (March 3, 2000).
2948:Rowman & Littlefield. p 140.
2753:Smolenyak, Megan (May 9, 2011).
2632:Dionne, E. J. Jr. (1988-06-13).
2361:Hemmer, Nicole (28 March 2017).
2251:
2237:
2129:
1713:African-American candidates for
1651:
173:Black Belt in the American South
4028:Civil rights movement 1954–1968
4018:Civil rights movement 1865–1896
3210:Bazelon, Emily (May 25, 2016).
1772:disfranchised most Black voters
777:National Council of Negro Women
5017:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
4023:Civil right movement 1896–1954
3070:Schuppe, Jon (March 2, 2016).
2105:On May 22, 2023, U.S. Senator
1940:Republican National Convention
1715:president of the United States
1574:Racism against Black Americans
1:
5197:Cherokee freedmen controversy
4173:The Negro Motorist Green Book
2820:Jordon, Mary (May 13, 2007).
2462:Daily Illinois State Register
2079:In early 2019, U.S. senators
782:National Pan-Hellenic Council
33:Frederick Douglass, 1818–1895
3097:"Republican Convention 2016"
2901:Jacobs, Sally (2011-07-06).
2490:Daily Illinois State Journal
2349:For Labor, Race, and Liberty
1998:Democratic primary elections
1749:was invited to speak at the
1584:School segregation in the US
1122:Black American Sign Language
1096:Languages and other dialects
5067:Black players in ice hockey
5002:National Urban League (NUL)
4828:American Society of Muslims
4066:Selma to Montgomery marches
3986:Brown v. Board of Education
3602:Statewide elected officials
3229:Eliza Relman (2019-06-28).
3216:The New York Times Magazine
2012:ran for president again in
411:African-American businesses
5958:
5224:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
4982:Nashville Student Movement
3993:Children of the plantation
3774:Candidates for U.S. Senate
3619:Statewide and local firsts
3569:Congressional Black Caucus
3117:. DesiClub. Archived from
2979:Parker, J. (June 3, 2008)
2711:Obama (1995, 2004), p. 12.
2214:2004 Democratic Convention
2198:1984 Democratic Convention
2115:2024 presidential election
1962:
1916:1988 presidential election
1912:1984 presidential election
1899:
1705:
949:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
624:Congressional Black Caucus
591:African Diaspora Religions
378:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
5894:
5861:Index of related articles
5042:
4862:Doctrine of Father Divine
4246:Women's suffrage movement
4199:Reconstruction Amendments
4006:Voting Rights Act of 1965
3534:African-American politics
2488:, 19 February 1905, p.3;
2093:her presidential campaign
1973:(1942–1995), was born in
1456:US states and territories
757:American Life and History
479:Lift Every Voice and Sing
188:Treatment of the enslaved
5911:United States portal
5346:African-American English
4775:Inventors and scientists
4467:George Washington Carver
4071:Chicago Freedom Movement
3762:Candidates for President
3266:– via NYTimes.com.
2452:, 3 September 1904, p.1.
2329:. University of Kentucky
2052:a run for the presidency
1860:At the same convention,
1823:East St. Louis, Illinois
1658:United States portal
1065:African-American English
576:African-American Muslims
137:Jim Crow era (1896–1954)
5834:African-American firsts
4883:Back-to-Africa movement
4852:Black Hebrew Israelites
4632:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
4180:Partus sequitur ventrem
3727:Officeholders 1789–1866
3624:First state legislators
3145:San Francisco Chronicle
2492:, 29 January 1905, p.1.
1944:U.S. Senate in Maryland
1785:nadir of race relations
1579:Reparations for slavery
667:Back-to-Africa movement
566:Black Hebrew Israelites
444:African-American beauty
5802:Spingarn Medal winners
5291:States and territories
5062:Black NFL quarterbacks
4562:Martin Luther King Jr.
4094:Dred Scott v. Sandford
4033:Montgomery bus boycott
3101:www.thegreenpapers.com
2151:by rewriting it in an
1049:Dialects and languages
209:Second Great Migration
34:
5112:Athletic associations
5047:Negro league baseball
4818:African-American Jews
4537:Ketanji Brown Jackson
4502:Henry Highland Garnet
4361:Negro National Anthem
4111:George Floyd protests
4076:Post–civil rights era
2527:The Houston Chronicle
2448:, 16 July 1904, p.1;
2206:Democratic Convention
2186:Democratic Convention
1800:Little Rock, Arkansas
1787:, when the number of
1721:include U.S. Senator
1461:US metropolitan areas
1288:List of neighborhoods
902:Alabama Creole people
892:African-American Jews
824:Negro league baseball
787:National Urban League
739:Civic/economic groups
571:African-American Jews
461:African-American hair
323:, after the Civil War
152:Post–civil rights era
32:
5319:Afro-Seminole Creole
4845:Azusa Street Revival
4717:Booker T. Washington
4241:Underground Railroad
4106:Free people of color
3960:Atlantic slave trade
3825:in the United States
3644:Legislative Caucuses
3199:. September 2, 2014.
3121:on December 11, 2010
2882:on February 22, 2020
2422:, 27 July 1903, p.9.
2393:, 22 July 1904, p.4.
2302:to the U.S. in 1961.
2245:United States portal
2037:Democratic primaries
1886:Democratic primaries
1855:Channing E. Phillips
1845:Channing E. Phillips
1835:Spanish–American War
1819:William Thomas Scott
1618:Criminal stereotypes
1393:District of Columbia
1110:Afro-Seminole Creole
552:Non-Christian groups
147:Black power movement
111:during the Civil War
80:Atlantic slave trade
5714:Trinidad and Tobago
5329:Black American Sign
5156:By African descent
5150:Ethnic subdivisions
5137:Southwestern (SWAC)
5052:Baseball color line
4967:Black Panther Party
4871:Political movements
4788:in computer science
4447:Carol Moseley Braun
4236:Tulsa race massacre
4229:Treatment of slaves
4061:March on Washington
4056:Birmingham movement
3783:Political movements
3197:The American Bazaar
3173:on January 15, 2012
2826:The Washington Post
2029:Carol Moseley Braun
1981:(1936–1982), was a
1853:, held in Chicago,
1827:Warrenton, Virginia
1815:St. Louis, Missouri
1768:George Edwin Taylor
1762:George Edwin Taylor
1014:Sierra Leone Creole
975:Specific ancestries
860:Southwestern (SWAC)
383:Black History Month
214:New Great Migration
168:Agriculture history
5812:US representatives
5807:US cabinet members
5699:Dominican Republic
5286:Metropolitan areas
5127:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
4952:Civic and economic
4930:Self-determination
4751:Education, science
4672:Fred Shuttlesworth
4652:A. Philip Randolph
4557:Coretta Scott King
4482:Frederick Douglass
4309:Harlem Renaissance
4214:Separate but equal
4204:Reconstruction era
4192:Plessy v. Ferguson
4083:Cornerstone Speech
3997:Civil Rights Acts
3980:Black Lives Matter
3955:American Civil War
3832:Black Lives Matter
3461:Washingtonpost.com
3306:The New York Times
3257:The New York Times
3233:. Business Insider
2783:. Associated Press
2638:The New York Times
2603:The New York Times
2596:(April 29, 1988).
2153:encyclopedic style
2140:is written like a
2100:was a late entrant
1747:Frederick Douglass
1742:Frederick Douglass
1023:Sexual orientation
897:Afro-Puerto Ricans
850:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
485:Self-determination
449:Black is beautiful
115:Reconstruction era
35:
5919:
5918:
5747:African Americans
5619:Dallas–Fort Worth
5214:Black Southerners
5145:
5144:
4597:Thurgood Marshall
4567:Bernard Lafayette
4162:Million Man March
3919:African Americans
3885:
3884:
3750:
3749:
3715:
3714:
3024:Los Angeles Times
2805:Chicago Sun-Times
2406:97 (2012), 13-38.
2181:
2180:
2173:
1924:primary campaigns
1804:Chicago, Illinois
1793:scientific racism
1704:
1703:
1641:
1640:
1539:
1538:
1313:Dallas-Fort Worth
1130:
1129:
1040:
1039:
984:Americo-Liberians
867:
866:
805:
804:
730:
729:
599:
598:
543:Womanist theology
493:
492:
435:Symbols and ideas
221:
220:
100:Antebellum period
95:Revolutionary War
50:African Americans
16:(Redirected from
5949:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5871:Lynching victims
5370:Louisiana Creole
5341:American English
5229:Louisiana Creole
5202:Choctaw freedmen
5040:
4577:Huddie Ledbetter
4517:Fannie Lou Hamer
4487:W. E. B. Du Bois
4477:Claudette Colvin
4472:Shirley Chisholm
4289:Family structure
4157:Military history
4039:Browder v. Gayle
3912:
3905:
3898:
3889:
3640:
3544:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3399:
3396:
3387:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3348:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3147:. March 22, 2009
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2955:
2949:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2878:. Archived from
2867:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2733:(6): 46–47, 49.
2718:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2692:UVA Crystal Ball
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2533:on April 4, 2015
2529:. Archived from
2518:
2512:
2511:
2499:
2493:
2479:
2473:
2464:, 14 July 1904;
2459:
2453:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2413:
2407:
2400:
2394:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2358:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2303:
2288:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2176:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2005:Other candidates
1987:Nyang'oma Kogelo
1979:Barack Obama Sr.
1882:Democratic Party
1878:Shirley Chisholm
1868:Shirley Chisholm
1696:
1689:
1682:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1603:media depictions
1552:
1447:Population count
1143:
1077:Liberian English
1056:English dialects
1053:
1009:Samaná Americans
934:Creoles of color
880:
818:
762:Black conductors
743:
612:
586:Louisiana Voodoo
508:
253:Family structure
236:
183:Military history
178:Business history
109:military history
64:
37:
21:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5905:
5903:
5890:
5856:Historic places
5849:US state firsts
5735:
5650:
5374:
5307:
5279:2010 majorities
5274:2000 majorities
5245:
5192:Black Seminoles
5141:
5132:Southern (SIAC)
5115:
5114:and conferences
5113:
5106:
5102:Serena Williams
5097:Jackie Robinson
5031:
4955:
4953:
4946:
4866:
4833:Nation of Islam
4804:
4752:
4746:
4687:Sojourner Truth
4677:Clarence Thomas
4642:Gabriel Prosser
4542:Michael Jackson
4417:Crispus Attucks
4407:Ralph Abernathy
4395:
4351:Musical theater
4250:
4116:Great Migration
4088:COVID-19 impact
4046:Sit-in movement
3921:
3916:
3886:
3881:
3778:
3746:
3711:
3638:
3595:State and local
3590:
3586:Cabinet members
3535:
3532:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3466:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3409:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3236:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3054:
3052:
3050:The Daily Beast
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2943:
2939:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2852:
2850:
2849:on May 21, 2011
2840:
2831:
2829:
2819:
2810:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2786:
2784:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2752:
2743:
2741:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2671:
2669:
2668:. Our Campaigns
2664:
2663:
2659:
2650:
2648:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2613:
2611:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2565:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2480:
2476:
2472:, 24 July 1904.
2460:
2456:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2414:
2410:
2401:
2397:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2259:Politics portal
2257:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2177:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2149:help improve it
2146:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2007:
1975:Wichita, Kansas
1967:
1961:
1956:
1932:
1908:
1898:
1870:
1847:
1764:
1759:
1744:
1739:
1711:
1700:
1652:
1650:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1593:
1549:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1480:
1442:
1418:Omaha, Nebraska
1383:Historic places
1377:
1269:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1091:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1018:
970:
912:Black Seminoles
877:
876:Sub-communities
869:
868:
855:Southern (SIAC)
815:
807:
806:
801:
756:
740:
732:
731:
726:
643:
609:
601:
600:
595:
581:Nation of Islam
547:
524:
505:
495:
494:
489:
430:
397:
364:
336:
297:
273:Musical theater
233:
223:
222:
204:Great Migration
61:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5955:
5953:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5924:
5923:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5901:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5822:Visual artists
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5782:Mathematicians
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5723:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5660:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5606:
5601:
5599:South Carolina
5596:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5569:North Carolina
5566:
5565:
5564:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5537:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5514:Massachusetts
5512:
5511:
5510:
5500:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5466:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5449:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5415:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5356:social context
5353:
5343:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5288:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5207:Creek Freedmen
5204:
5199:
5194:
5184:
5182:Alabama Creole
5179:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5122:Central (CIAA)
5118:
5116:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5043:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4915:Pan-Africanism
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4857:Black theology
4854:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4798:in STEM fields
4795:
4790:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4753:and technology
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4692:Harriet Tubman
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4622:Michelle Obama
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4552:Barbara Jordan
4549:
4547:Harriet Jacobs
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4437:Amelia Boynton
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4400:Notable people
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4336:LGBT community
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4188:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:Freedom Riders
4048:
4043:
4035:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3995:
3990:
3982:
3977:
3975:Black genocide
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3892:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3847:Black feminism
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3790:Pan-Africanism
3786:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3550:
3548:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3508:
3501:
3500:
3491:
3482:
3473:
3448:
3439:
3430:
3421:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3379:
3370:
3361:
3349:
3340:
3326:
3292:
3269:
3243:
3221:
3202:
3184:
3158:
3132:
3106:
3088:
3062:
3036:
3010:
2984:
2972:
2950:
2937:
2915:
2893:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2838:
2817:
2801:(paid archive)
2793:
2772:
2713:
2704:
2678:
2657:
2624:
2585:
2576:
2544:
2513:
2508:New York Times
2494:
2482:The Marshfield
2474:
2454:
2450:Washington Bee
2433:
2424:
2408:
2395:
2379:
2353:
2351:, pp. 102-106.
2340:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2248:
2232:
2229:
2179:
2178:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2006:
2003:
1963:Main article:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1931:
1928:
1897:
1894:
1869:
1866:
1846:
1843:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1564:Black genocide
1560:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1471:US communities
1468:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1428:South Carolina
1425:
1423:North Carolina
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1245:South Carolina
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1225:North Carolina
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1082:Samaná English
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1032:LGBT community
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
989:Creek Freedmen
986:
980:
977:
976:
972:
971:
969:
968:
963:
962:
961:
959:Carmel Indians
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
920:
919:
914:
904:
899:
894:
888:
885:
884:
878:
875:
874:
871:
870:
865:
864:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
840:Central (CIAA)
834:
833:
829:
828:
827:
826:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
803:
802:
800:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
751:
748:
747:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
728:
727:
725:
724:
719:
714:
709:
707:Pan-Africanism
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
650:
649:
645:
644:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
620:
617:
616:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
597:
596:
594:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
557:
554:
553:
549:
548:
546:
545:
540:
538:Black theology
534:
531:
530:
526:
525:
523:
522:
516:
513:
512:
506:
501:
500:
497:
496:
491:
490:
488:
487:
482:
475:
470:
469:
468:
458:
453:
452:
451:
440:
437:
436:
432:
431:
429:
428:
423:
418:
413:
407:
404:
403:
402:Economic class
399:
398:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
374:
371:
370:
366:
365:
363:
362:
357:
352:
346:
343:
342:
341:Academic study
338:
337:
335:
334:
329:
324:
318:
313:
307:
304:
303:
299:
298:
296:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
244:
241:
240:
234:
229:
228:
225:
224:
219:
218:
217:
216:
211:
206:
198:
197:
193:
192:
191:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
162:
161:
157:
156:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
123:
122:
112:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
69:
68:
62:
57:
56:
53:
52:
46:
45:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5954:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5912:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5881:Neighborhoods
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5844:Sports firsts
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5646:West Virginia
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5583:Pennsylvania
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5562:New York City
5560:
5559:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5406:San Francisco
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:By state/city
5377:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5324:American Sign
5322:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5257:Neighborhoods
5255:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5187:Black Indians
5185:
5183:
5180:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:Black schools
4763:
4761:
4760:Black studies
4758:
4757:
4755:
4749:
4743:
4742:Whitney Young
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4732:Oprah Winfrey
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4702:Denmark Vesey
4700:
4698:
4695:
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4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
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4660:
4658:
4655:
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4650:
4648:
4647:Joseph Rainey
4645:
4643:
4640:
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4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
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4615:
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4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4602:Toni Morrison
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4587:Joseph Lowery
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
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4570:
4568:
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4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
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4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4532:Jesse Jackson
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4522:Kamala Harris
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:Marcus Garvey
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
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4478:
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4468:
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4460:
4458:
4457:Blanche Bruce
4455:
4453:
4452:Edward Brooke
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:James Bradley
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:James Baldwin
4420:
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4408:
4405:
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4398:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:Neighborhoods
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
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4219:Silent Parade
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4207:
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4174:
4170:
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4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4147:Jim Crow laws
4145:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
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4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3970:Black cowboys
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
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3901:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3867:Mute R. Kelly
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
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3840:
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3808:
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3556:
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3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3540:Officeholders
3538:
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3517:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3495:
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3120:
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3110:
3107:
3102:
3098:
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3077:
3073:
3066:
3063:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3011:
2999:
2998:New York Post
2995:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2927:. Nbcnews.com
2926:
2919:
2916:
2904:
2897:
2894:
2881:
2877:
2876:Baltimore Sun
2873:
2866:
2863:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2828:. p. A14
2827:
2823:
2818:
2806:
2799:
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2778:
2773:
2762:
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2756:
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2434:
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2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:Daily Courier
2388:
2383:
2380:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2354:
2350:
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2341:
2328:
2324:
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2235:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2193:Jesse Jackson
2190:
2187:
2175:
2172:
2164:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2138:This section
2136:
2127:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2111:his candidacy
2108:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:Deval Patrick
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:Kamala Harris
2077:
2075:
2074:Super Tuesday
2071:
2070:2016 election
2067:
2064:
2061:Neurosurgeon
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2046:" Republican
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:Jesse Jackson
1917:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1896:Jesse Jackson
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1719:major parties
1716:
1709:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1634:
1633:Minstrel show
1631:
1629:
1628:Magical Negro
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
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1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
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1567:
1565:
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1559:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
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1490:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1438:West Virginia
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1373:San Francisco
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1353:New York City
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
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1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:Nova Scotians
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
979:
978:
973:
967:
964:
960:
957:
956:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
908:
907:Black Indians
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
887:
886:
881:
873:
872:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
845:HBCU (HBCUAC)
843:
841:
838:
837:
836:
835:
830:
825:
822:
821:
820:
819:
811:
810:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
753:
752:
750:
749:
746:Organizations
744:
736:
735:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
652:
651:
646:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
621:
619:
618:
615:Organizations
613:
605:
604:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
556:
555:
550:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
533:
532:
527:
521:
518:
517:
515:
514:
509:
504:
499:
498:
486:
483:
480:
476:
474:
471:
467:
464:
463:
462:
459:
457:
454:
450:
447:
446:
445:
442:
441:
439:
438:
433:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
406:
405:
400:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
373:
372:
367:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
345:
344:
339:
333:
330:
328:
325:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
306:
305:
300:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
283:Neighborhoods
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
243:
242:
237:
232:
227:
226:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
199:
194:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
164:
163:
158:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
71:
70:
65:
60:
55:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:
31:
27:
19:
5797:Sportspeople
5767:Billionaires
5684:Sierra Leone
5587:Philadelphia
5423:Jacksonville
5250:Demographics
5082:Jack Johnson
5072:Muhammad Ali
4905:Conservatism
4840:Black church
4737:Andrew Young
4722:Ida B. Wells
4712:David Walker
4707:C. T. Vivian
4662:Paul Robeson
4657:Hiram Revels
4637:Colin Powell
4617:Barack Obama
4572:James Lawson
4527:Jimi Hendrix
4497:James Farmer
4492:Medgar Evers
4462:Ralph Bunche
4412:Maya Angelou
4386:Middle class
4264:Afrofuturism
4190:
4178:
4171:
4092:
4037:
3984:
3950:Afrocentrism
3940:Abolitionism
3820:Conservatism
3761:
3702:Pennsylvania
3494:
3485:
3476:
3465:. Retrieved
3463:. 1998-01-24
3460:
3451:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3382:
3373:
3364:
3343:
3329:
3319:November 15,
3317:. Retrieved
3305:
3295:
3283:. Retrieved
3272:
3260:. Retrieved
3256:
3246:
3235:. Retrieved
3224:
3215:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:the original
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3144:
3135:
3123:. Retrieved
3119:the original
3109:
3100:
3091:
3079:. Retrieved
3075:
3065:
3053:. Retrieved
3049:
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3023:
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2997:
2987:
2975:
2963:. Retrieved
2953:
2945:
2940:
2929:. Retrieved
2918:
2907:. Retrieved
2896:
2884:. Retrieved
2880:the original
2875:
2865:
2851:. Retrieved
2847:the original
2830:. Retrieved
2825:
2811:November 24,
2809:. Retrieved
2804:
2785:. Retrieved
2780:
2764:. Retrieved
2758:
2744:December 20,
2742:. Retrieved
2730:
2726:
2716:
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2691:
2681:
2670:. Retrieved
2660:
2649:. Retrieved
2637:
2627:
2618:
2612:. Retrieved
2601:
2594:Apple, R. W.
2588:
2579:
2570:
2564:. Retrieved
2535:. Retrieved
2531:the original
2526:
2516:
2507:
2497:
2489:
2485:
2484:(Wisconsin)
2481:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2427:
2420:Constitution
2419:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2366:
2356:
2348:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2327:nkaa.uky.edu
2326:
2317:
2286:
2225:
2218:
2210:
2202:
2191:
2182:
2167:
2158:
2139:
2104:
2078:
2060:
2041:
2022:
2008:
1991:
1968:
1965:Barack Obama
1959:Barack Obama
1954:21st century
1933:
1909:
1871:
1859:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1812:
1797:
1765:
1757:20th century
1745:
1737:19th century
1723:Barack Obama
1712:
1531:Sierra Leone
1363:Philadelphia
1333:Jacksonville
929:Brass Ankles
682:Conservatism
657:Afrocentrism
629:Joint Center
520:Black church
511:Institutions
426:Billionaires
416:Middle class
369:Celebrations
332:Fraternities
26:
5817:US senators
5787:Republicans
5772:Journalists
5629:San Antonio
5594:Puerto Rico
5535:Mississippi
5428:Tallahassee
5401:Los Angeles
5092:Jesse Owens
5077:Arthur Ashe
4935:Nationalism
4925:Raised fist
4888:Black power
4793:in medicine
4727:Roy Wilkins
4682:Emmett Till
4667:Al Sharpton
4432:Julian Bond
4427:James Bevel
4391:Upper class
4381:Stereotypes
4274:Black mecca
4186:Plantations
3965:Black Codes
3862:Republicans
3800:Black Power
3795:Nationalism
3285:January 13,
3262:December 3,
3177:February 2,
3125:February 2,
2965:January 16,
2961:. CNN. 2005
2886:January 16,
2468:(Missouri)
2444:(Missouri)
2085:Cory Booker
2048:Herman Cain
2033:Al Sharpton
1862:Julian Bond
1833:during the
1599:Stereotypes
1526:Nova Scotia
1408:Mississippi
1368:San Antonio
1348:Los Angeles
1283:Black mecca
1210:Mississippi
1117:Negro Dutch
939:Dominickers
883:Multiethnic
792:TransAfrica
702:Nationalism
672:Black power
456:Black pride
421:Upper class
120:Politicians
5926:Categories
5762:Astronauts
5552:New Jersey
5396:California
4900:Capitalism
4697:Nat Turner
4627:Rosa Parks
4612:Diane Nash
4582:John Lewis
4371:Newspapers
4341:Literature
4326:Juneteenth
4279:Businesses
4133:Exodusters
4101:Free Negro
3815:Capitalism
3805:Black fist
3755:Candidates
3652:California
3467:2020-01-16
3237:2020-01-16
3081:7 February
3055:7 February
3029:7 February
3003:7 February
2931:2020-01-16
2909:2020-01-16
2697:7 February
2672:2020-01-16
2651:2021-11-17
2614:2009-01-20
2566:2009-01-20
2537:August 16,
2418:(Georgia)
2372:7 February
2333:7 February
2310:References
2161:March 2023
2109:announced
2063:Ben Carson
2010:Alan Keyes
1983:Luo Kenyan
1971:Ann Dunham
1936:Alan Keyes
1930:Alan Keyes
1900:See also:
1165:California
1139:Population
712:Patriotism
697:Liberalism
677:Capitalism
648:Ideologies
529:Theologies
388:Juneteenth
360:Literature
288:Newspapers
196:Migrations
127:Juneteenth
5876:Monuments
5752:Activists
5604:Tennessee
5524:Michigan
5508:Baltimore
5498:Louisiana
5491:Lexington
5474:Davenport
5413:Cleveland
5312:Languages
5241:Melungeon
5219:Blaxicans
5087:Joe Louis
4942:Socialism
4878:Anarchism
4607:Bob Moses
4592:Malcolm X
4512:Fred Gray
4376:Soul food
4314:New Negro
4299:Folktales
4209:Redlining
3857:Garveyism
3810:Anarchism
3737:1900–1959
3732:1866–1900
3692:Louisiana
3314:0362-4331
2853:April 30,
2781:USA Today
2739:1075-475X
2646:0362-4331
2466:St. Louis
2446:Palladium
2442:St. Louis
2107:Tim Scott
2044:Tea Party
1934:In 1992,
1831:USS Dixie
1789:lynchings
1766:In 1904,
1623:Hollywood
1613:Blackface
1548:Prejudice
1466:US cities
1343:Lexington
1318:Davenport
1298:Baltimore
1274:US cities
1250:Tennessee
1200:Louisiana
1146:US states
954:Melungeon
924:Blaxicans
722:Socialism
687:Garveyism
662:Anarchism
466:Good hair
293:Soul food
263:Folktales
5899:Category
5690:America
5656:Diaspora
5641:Virginia
5574:Oklahoma
5557:New York
5540:Nebraska
5503:Maryland
5486:Kentucky
5452:Illinois
5391:Arkansas
5296:Illinois
5234:of color
4920:Populism
4893:Movement
4810:Religion
4152:Lynching
3935:Timeline
3852:Womanism
3837:Populism
3707:Virginia
3687:Missouri
3682:Maryland
3667:Illinois
3657:Delaware
3151:June 11,
3076:NBC News
2760:HuffPost
2727:Ancestry
2608:Archived
2560:Archived
2470:Republic
2347:Mouser,
2231:See also
2221:abortion
1776:Jim Crow
1663:Category
1486:Diaspora
1413:Missouri
1338:Kentucky
1265:Virginia
1235:Oklahoma
1220:New York
1215:Nebraska
1205:Maryland
1180:Illinois
1160:Arkansas
999:Merikins
944:Freedmen
917:Mascogos
717:Populism
608:Politics
503:Religion
473:Stepping
239:Lifeways
75:Timeline
42:a series
40:Part of
5827:Writers
5792:Singers
5777:Jurists
5725:Europe
5679:Liberia
5624:Houston
5528:Detroit
5464:Indiana
5457:Chicago
5440:Atlanta
5435:Georgia
5418:Florida
5386:Alabama
5336:English
4910:Leftism
4780:Museums
4331:Kwanzaa
4256:Culture
4224:Slavery
3927:History
3842:Leftism
3720:General
3672:Indiana
3662:Georgia
3547:Federal
2832:May 13,
2787:May 13,
2766:May 19,
2416:Atlanta
2389:(Iowa)
2387:Ottumwa
2300:Jamaica
2147:Please
2068:in the
2050:staged
2016:and in
1910:In the
1849:At the
1727:in 2008
1521:Liberia
1403:Georgia
1398:Florida
1328:Houston
1323:Detroit
1308:Chicago
1293:Atlanta
1185:Indiana
1175:Georgia
1170:Florida
1155:Alabama
1087:Tutnese
966:Redbone
692:Leftism
393:Kwanzaa
350:Studies
302:Schools
231:Culture
160:Aspects
105:Slavery
67:Periods
59:History
5839:Mayors
5757:Actors
5729:France
5721:Israel
5709:Mexico
5694:Canada
5669:Gambia
5664:Africa
5614:Austin
5579:Oregon
5518:Boston
5481:Kansas
5447:Hawaii
5365:Gullah
5175:Yoruba
5165:Gullah
5036:Sports
4954:groups
4784:Women
4321:Hoodoo
4195:(1896)
4121:Second
4097:(1857)
4042:(1956)
3989:(1954)
3677:Kansas
3607:Mayors
3564:Senate
3312:
2737:
2644:
2296:Madras
2121:Impact
1555:Racism
1516:Israel
1506:France
1501:Canada
1496:Africa
1303:Boston
1240:Oregon
1195:Kansas
1105:Gullah
994:Gullah
814:Sports
561:Hoodoo
5740:Lists
5704:Haiti
5674:Ghana
5609:Texas
5545:Omaha
4823:Islam
4356:Names
4346:Music
4284:Dance
3559:House
3281:. CNN
2905:. NPR
2486:Times
2292:Tamil
2278:Notes
1985:from
1717:from
1668:Index
1511:Ghana
1433:Texas
1358:Omaha
1255:Texas
767:NAACP
278:Names
268:Music
248:Dance
5636:Utah
5469:Iowa
5301:Ohio
5262:list
5170:Igbo
5160:Fula
4304:Hair
4294:Film
4011:1968
4001:1964
3767:list
3697:Ohio
3321:2019
3310:ISSN
3287:2020
3264:2019
3179:2011
3153:2017
3127:2011
3083:2023
3057:2023
3031:2023
3005:2023
2967:2020
2888:2020
2855:2011
2834:2007
2813:2008
2789:2010
2768:2011
2746:2011
2735:ISSN
2699:2023
2642:ISSN
2539:2008
2374:2023
2335:2023
2089:2020
2083:and
2056:2012
2031:and
2025:2004
2018:2008
2014:2000
1948:1996
1914:and
1904:and
1874:1972
1731:2012
1601:and
1260:Utah
1230:Ohio
1190:Iowa
797:UNCF
258:Film
107:and
4269:Art
4126:New
2367:Vox
2054:in
2023:In
1872:In
1821:of
355:Art
5928::
4140:/
3459:.
3403:^
3391:^
3352:^
3308:.
3304:.
3255:.
3214:.
3195:.
3143:.
3099:.
3074:.
3048:.
3022:.
2996:.
2874:.
2824:.
2803:.
2779:.
2757:.
2731:26
2729:.
2725:.
2690:.
2640:.
2636:.
2617:.
2606:.
2600:.
2569:.
2558:.
2547:^
2525:.
2506:.
2365:.
2325:.
2039:.
2027:,
2020:.
1918:,
1876:,
1810:.
44:on
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3897:v
3527:e
3520:t
3513:v
3470:.
3337:.
3323:.
3289:.
3240:.
3218:.
3181:.
3155:.
3129:.
3103:.
3085:.
3059:.
3033:.
3007:.
2969:.
2934:.
2912:.
2890:.
2857:.
2836:.
2815:.
2791:.
2770:.
2748:.
2701:.
2675:.
2654:.
2541:.
2510:.
2376:.
2337:.
2174:)
2168:(
2163:)
2159:(
2155:.
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1710:.
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