717:
20:
516:
A Collection of
Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts, Others Now First Published in English. In Eight Volumes: With a General Preface, Giving an Account of the Progress of Trade and Navigation, from Its First Beginning. Illustrated with Several Hundred Useful Maps and
498:
A Collection of
Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts, Others Now First Published in English. In Eight Volumes: With a General Preface, Giving an Account of the Progress of Trade and Navigation, from Its First Beginning. Illustrated with Several Hundred Useful Maps and
589:
124:"...the town of Eboe...A great number of natives were washing themselves with country soap, sid to be made from palm-oil and alkali, obtained by the incineration of plants: it is of a darker colour than English soap, and of the consistency of soft soap."
107:
in
African black soap production dates back to the 14th century. Despite the soaps name african black soap are not always black with some ranging from beige to dark brown. The earliest detailed account of African black soap appears in
357:
Samaila AB, Yarma AA and
Oshomoh EO. Anti-fungal and Anti-bacterial activities of Sabulun salo local soap in Bauchi Metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Special Fungal Pathogens Journal (SFPJ), Vol 1, No 1, pg:
60:. It is made from the ash of locally harvested African plants and dried peels, which gives the soap its characteristic dark colour as well as oils derived from plant sources. Black soap has become a popular
138:), where locals used palm oil, banana leaves, and wood ash. Nyendael noted that the soap-making techniques in the Gold Coast were very similar and differed little from the soap-making of the people of
116:
the
Portuguese valued the soap, likely for its effectiveness. However, they refrained from introducing the soap to Portugal to avoid disrupting their local soap-making industry. In the early 1800s,
95:
The origins of
African black soap are deeply intertwined with the cultural practices and natural resources of various West African ethnic groups. For instance, while some communities use
641:
690:
190:, are added to the ash. The mixture is cooked and hand-stirred for at least 24 hours. After the soap solidifies, it is scooped out and set out to cure.
537:
Narrative of an
Expedition Into the Interior of Africa by the River Niger in the Steam-vessels Quorra and Alburkah in 1832, 1833 and 1834; Volume 1
758:
609:
572:
545:
452:
342:
787:
389:
64:
product in North
America. In West Africa, black soap is often made by women using traditional recipes and is often exported through
412:"Comparative studies on the effect of locally made black soap and conventional medicated soaps on isolated human skin microflora"
368:
Aliyu, M. S.; Tijjani, M. B.; Doko, M. H. I.; Garba, I.; Ibrahim, M. M.; Abdulkadir, S. M.; Abba, D.; Zango, U. U. (2012-01-01).
120:
MacGregor Laird and R.A.K. Oldfield documented that the Igbo people of
Nigeria made African black soap using palm oil and ash.
664:
252:
596:, Cambridge Library Collection - Maritime Exploration, vol. 6, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 450–458,
631:
686:
751:
332:
782:
468:
590:"A voyage to Benin beyond the countrey of Guinea made by Master James Welsh, who set foorth in the yeere 1588"
744:
636:
73:
724:
151:
131:
71:
Black soap has been found to have some antimicrobial properties against skin microbiota such as
605:
568:
541:
448:
423:
381:
338:
310:
302:
109:
728:
411:
597:
562:
410:
S, Ikpoh I.; A, Lennox J.; E, Agbo B.; S, Udoekong N.; A, Ekpo I.; O, Iyam S. (2017-03-31).
292:
257:
142:
in
Nigeria, which according to James Welsh (an English explorer) had a fragrance of violet.
83:
77:
369:
777:
175:
771:
198:
672:
262:
716:
594:
The Principal Navigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation
19:
601:
535:
514:
496:
442:
218:
187:
179:
139:
117:
104:
96:
57:
159:
113:
65:
427:
385:
306:
223:
163:
155:
23:
370:"Antimicrobial Activity of Sabulun Salo a Local Traditional Medicated Soap"
314:
112:'s "A Collection of Voyages and Travels...," where it is noted that in the
183:
100:
61:
281:"African black soap: Physiochemical, phytochemical properties, and uses"
210:
202:
297:
280:
171:
26:, a brand of African black soap, made by the Yoruba people of Nigeria
178:
the oils and fats). Next, water and various oils and fats, such as
135:
444:
West African Food in the Middle Ages: According to Arabic Sources
517:
Cuts, Containing Views of the Different Countries, Cities, Towns
499:
Cuts, Containing Views of the Different Countries, Cities, Towns
53:
134:
provided accounts of soap-making on the Gold Coast (modern-day
167:
334:
Fundamentals of Ethnic Hair: The Dermatologist's Perspective
227:. Other traditional Nigerian names for black soap include
732:
103:
into their soap-making processes. However, the use of
166:
bark, is first sun-dried and then burned to produce
534:Laird, MacGregor; Oldfield, R. A. K. (2016-08-27).
416:Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research
326:
324:
441:Lewicki, Tadeusz; Johnson, Marion (1974-10-03).
279:Ogunbiyi, Adebola; Enechukwu, Nkechi A. (2021).
122:
374:Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
752:
40:(also known by various local names such as ọṣ
8:
759:
745:
130:Additionally, Dutch merchant and diplomat
564:Great Benin; Its Customs, Art and Horrors
296:
469:"What is black soap and how is it made?"
18:
243:
217:) produces a popular kind of soap with
16:Kind of soap originating in West Africa
630:Nelson, Jennifer (September 3, 2015).
520:. assignment from Messieurs Churchill.
502:. assignment from Messieurs Churchill.
331:Aguh, Crystal; Okoye, Ginette (2016).
529:
527:
7:
713:
711:
663:Strausfogel, Sherrie (May 1, 2015).
490:
488:
274:
272:
31:
731:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
251:Barker, Elizabeth (July 1, 2014).
14:
644:from the original on May 16, 2016
715:
693:from the original on 2022-12-29
392:from the original on 2017-12-01
337:. Springer. pp. 139, 151.
588:Hakluyt, Richard, ed. (2014),
447:. Cambridge University Press.
193:A type of black soap known as
146:Production and brand varieties
1:
632:"What is African Black Soap?"
602:10.1017/CBO9781107286306.056
209:with leaves of the tropical
687:"5 Best African Black Soap"
513:Churchill, Awnsham (1752).
495:Churchill, Awnsham (1752).
804:
710:
788:Brand name products stubs
561:Roth, Henry Ling (1903).
253:"Black Soap, Bright Skin"
174:required to convert or
675:on September 11, 2016.
265:on September 11, 2016.
150:Plant matter, such as
126:
27:
637:Mother Nature Network
99:, others incorporate
74:Staphylococcus aureus
22:
665:"African Black Soap"
285:Dermatologic Therapy
197:originated with the
170:(which supplies the
540:. WENTWORTH Press.
205:. A combination of
221:properties called
132:David van Nyendael
28:
740:
739:
611:978-1-108-07134-5
574:978-0-8411-0075-6
547:978-1-363-80865-6
454:978-0-521-08673-8
344:978-3-31-945695-9
298:10.1111/dth.14870
114:Senegambia region
110:Awnsham Churchill
795:
761:
754:
747:
719:
712:
702:
701:
699:
698:
683:
677:
676:
671:. Archived from
669:Better Nutrition
660:
654:
653:
651:
649:
627:
621:
620:
619:
618:
585:
579:
578:
558:
552:
551:
531:
522:
521:
510:
504:
503:
492:
483:
482:
480:
479:
465:
459:
458:
438:
432:
431:
407:
401:
400:
398:
397:
365:
359:
355:
349:
348:
328:
319:
318:
300:
276:
267:
266:
261:. Archived from
258:Vegetarian Times
248:
215:Pterocarpus osun
84:Candida albicans
78:Escherichia coli
52:), is a kind of
33:
803:
802:
798:
797:
796:
794:
793:
792:
783:Acne treatments
768:
767:
766:
765:
708:
706:
705:
696:
694:
685:
684:
680:
662:
661:
657:
647:
645:
629:
628:
624:
616:
614:
612:
587:
586:
582:
575:
567:. Metro Books.
560:
559:
555:
548:
533:
532:
525:
512:
511:
507:
494:
493:
486:
477:
475:
473:AshantiNaturals
467:
466:
462:
455:
440:
439:
435:
409:
408:
404:
395:
393:
367:
366:
362:
356:
352:
345:
330:
329:
322:
278:
277:
270:
250:
249:
245:
240:
148:
93:
56:originating in
17:
12:
11:
5:
801:
799:
791:
790:
785:
780:
770:
769:
764:
763:
756:
749:
741:
738:
737:
720:
704:
703:
678:
655:
622:
610:
580:
573:
553:
546:
523:
505:
484:
460:
453:
433:
422:(4): 533–537.
402:
360:
350:
343:
320:
268:
242:
241:
239:
236:
147:
144:
118:expeditionists
92:
89:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
800:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
775:
773:
762:
757:
755:
750:
748:
743:
742:
736:
734:
730:
727:article is a
726:
721:
718:
714:
709:
692:
688:
682:
679:
674:
670:
666:
659:
656:
643:
639:
638:
633:
626:
623:
613:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
584:
581:
576:
570:
566:
565:
557:
554:
549:
543:
539:
538:
530:
528:
524:
519:
518:
509:
506:
501:
500:
491:
489:
485:
474:
470:
464:
461:
456:
450:
446:
445:
437:
434:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
406:
403:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
364:
361:
354:
351:
346:
340:
336:
335:
327:
325:
321:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
294:
291:(3): e14870.
290:
286:
282:
275:
273:
269:
264:
260:
259:
254:
247:
244:
237:
235:
234:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
199:Yoruba people
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
145:
143:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
121:
119:
115:
111:
106:
102:
98:
90:
88:
87:
85:
80:
79:
75:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
25:
21:
733:expanding it
722:
707:
695:. Retrieved
681:
673:the original
668:
658:
646:. Retrieved
635:
625:
615:, retrieved
593:
583:
563:
556:
536:
515:
508:
497:
476:. Retrieved
472:
463:
443:
436:
419:
415:
405:
394:. Retrieved
380:(1): 35–38.
377:
373:
363:
353:
333:
288:
284:
263:the original
256:
246:
232:
229:sabulun salo
228:
222:
214:
206:
194:
192:
149:
129:
127:
123:
94:
82:
72:
70:
49:
46:sabulun salo
45:
41:
37:
36:, or simply
30:
29:
233:ncha nkota.
219:exfoliating
188:shea butter
180:coconut oil
105:shea butter
97:shea butter
58:West Africa
772:Categories
697:2023-06-02
617:2024-05-23
478:2024-05-23
396:2017-05-01
238:References
66:fair trade
50:ncha nkota
38:black soap
34:black soap
428:2231-3168
386:0794-5698
358:0014-0018
307:1396-0296
224:Dudu-Osun
164:shea tree
162:pods and
156:palm tree
24:Dudu-Osun
691:Archived
642:Archived
390:Archived
315:33571401
207:ose-dudu
195:ose-dudu
184:palm oil
176:saponify
158:leaves,
152:plantain
101:palm oil
68:groups.
62:toiletry
725:product
648:May 26,
211:camwood
203:Nigeria
154:skins,
91:History
32:African
608:
571:
544:
451:
426:
384:
341:
313:
305:
213:tree (
186:, and
172:alkali
48:, and
42:e dúdú
778:Soaps
723:This
160:cocoa
140:Benin
136:Ghana
729:stub
650:2016
606:ISBN
569:ISBN
542:ISBN
449:ISBN
424:ISSN
382:ISSN
339:ISBN
311:PMID
303:ISSN
231:and
54:soap
598:doi
293:doi
201:of
168:ash
81:and
774::
689:.
667:.
640:.
634:.
604:,
592:,
526:^
487:^
471:.
418:.
414:.
388:.
378:20
376:.
372:.
323:^
309:.
301:.
289:34
287:.
283:.
271:^
255:.
182:,
76:,
44:,
760:e
753:t
746:v
735:.
700:.
652:.
600::
577:.
550:.
481:.
457:.
430:.
420:2
399:.
347:.
317:.
295::
86:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
