1887:
1306:
1337:
1226:
1321:
1537:
825:
2352:
1158:
7166:
925:
55:
2338:
449:
512:
7177:
4657:
1098:
493:
7217:
1218:
1349:
7197:
777:
726:, fermented milk (somewhat like yogurt) and roasted or stewed meat. At some point, maize replaced sorghum as the primary grain, and there is some dispute as to whether maize, a Central American crop, arrived with European settlers (notably the Portuguese) or spread through Africa before white settlements via Africans returning from the Americas during the era of the slave trade.
2065:
2081:
7207:
816:
the ground pleases the ancestors who invisibly gather around the carcass. On holiday weekends, entrepreneurs will set up pens of live animals along the main roads of townships—mostly sheep and goats—for families to purchase, slaughter, cook and eat. Beef being the most prized meat for weddings, affluent families often purchase a live steer for slaughter at home.
7154:
2366:
7187:
686:, situated in urban townships, became very popular and often served as non-formal community centers, especially for black South Africans who pursued their cultural and culinary traditions. Following the end of apartheid, South African cuisine witnessed a renaissance, with diverse culinary options available in most of the country's major cities catering to
2097:
2264:
1563:—made from lamb tail or lamb flank cut into small cubes, and cooked in a cast-iron pot over a slow fire. Kaiings resemble cracklings, though the skin is not as puffy and crispy as a crackling, and a small piece of protein is usually left on the skin and fat. They are a chewy traditional Boer delicacy often served as a topping over
815:
culture, for weddings, initiations, the arrival of family members after a long trip and other special occasions, families will buy a live animal and slaughter it at home, and then prepare a large meal for the community or neighbourhood. Participants often say that spilling the blood of the animal on
1180:
When South Africa's mines were developed and black South
Africans began to urbanise, women moved to the city also, and began to brew beer for the predominantly male labour force—a labour force that was mostly either single or who had left their wives back in the rural areas under the migrant labour
1172:
has been an important beverage in South Africa for hundreds of years among indigenous people long before colonisation and the arrival of
Europeans with their own beer drinking traditions. Traditional beer was brewed from local grains, especially sorghum. Beer was so prized that it became central to
534:
facilitated the emergence of cultivated crops and domestic cattle, which supplemented traditional
Khoisan techniques of meat preservation. In addition, Bantu-speaking communities forged an extensive repertoire of culinary ingredients and dishes, many of which are still consumed today in traditional
1201:
Comparable to an
American or western European diet, milk and milk products are very prominent in the traditional Black South African diet. As cows were considered extremely desirable domestic animals in precolonial times, milk was abundant. In the absence of refrigeration, various kinds of soured
729:
People also kept sheep and goats, and communities often organised vast hunts for the abundant game, but the beef was considered the absolutely most important and high-status meat. The ribs of any cattle that were slaughtered in many communities were so prized that they were offered to the chief of
1176:
Unlike
European beer, South African traditional beer was unfiltered and cloudy and had a low alcohol content. Around the turn of the 1900s, when white-owned industry began studying malnutrition among urban workers, it was discovered that traditional beer provided crucial vitamins sometimes not
1139:("the largest 'Indian' city outside of India"), consisting of a hollowed-out loaf of bread filled with curry, has been adapted into mainstream South African cuisine. In the townships surrounding Pretoria, the capital, and Johannesburg, this sandwich is often referred to as a spatlo.
2562:
Bettencourt, Elisa Maria Varela; Tilman, Mário; Narciso, Vanda; Carvalho, Maria Leonor da Silva; Henriques, Pedro Damião de Sousa; Bettencourt, Elisa Maria Varela; Tilman, Mário; Narciso, Vanda; Carvalho, Maria Leonor da Silva; Henriques, Pedro Damião de Sousa (March 2015).
784:
For many South
Africans meat is the center of any meal. The Khoisan ate roasted meat, and they also dried meat for later use. The influence of their diet is reflected in the common Southern African love of barbecue (generally called in South Africa by its Afrikaans name, a
702:
In the precolonial period, indigenous cuisine was characterised by the use of a very wide range of foods including fruits, nuts, bulbs, leaves and other products gathered from wild plants and by the hunting of wild game. The introduction of domestic
768:
are also very popular although they are not indigenous. Another common vegetable dish, which arrived in South Africa with its many Irish immigrants, but which has been adopted by South
Africans, is shredded cabbage and white potatoes cooked with
1205:
Because milk cows allowed women to wean their children early and become fertile more quickly, local cultures had a number of sayings connecting cattle, milk and population growth, such as the Sotho-Tswana saying, "cattle beget children."
1233:
South Africa can be said to have a significant "eating out" culture. While there are some restaurants that specialise in traditional South
African dishes or modern interpretations thereof, restaurants featuring other cuisines such as
733:
In many ways, the daily food of South
African families can be traced to the indigenous foods that their ancestors ate. A typical meal in a Bantu-speaking, South African household is a stiff, fluffy porridge of maize meal (called
2035:
is made from this fruit. The ripe fruit lying on the ground is processed into jams, wine and beer. Many local communities depend on this fruit for extra income. The jam is enjoyed with roosterkoek and on venison steaks, such as
1116:
indentured labourers brought to South Africa in the nineteenth century. South
African Indian cuisine has contributed to South African cooking with a wide variety of dishes and culinary practices, including a variety of curries,
1695:—more spicy than the Cape Malay version. Usually mutton is used and the most common spices used are cayenne pepper, paprika, cinnamon, cumin and fennel. Potatoes and carrots are sometimes also used.
1743:
Cape Malay curry—a curry most often made with chicken and spiced with mild masala. Spices include cinnamon, ginger, cardamom, cayenne pepper, coriander, garlic, turmeric, bay leaves, and fenugreek.
1379:—dried meat (typically seasoned with coriander seeds and salt). Although the meat used is most commonly beef, different variants also exist using springbok, kudu, eland, chicken and ostrich.
2426:
Plants for Arid Lands: Proceedings of the Kew International Conference on Economic Plants for Arid Lands held in the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, 23–27 July 1984
1898:—a sandwich consisting of two slices of bread with a filling of sliced tomato, cheese, onion, South African peach chutney (traditionally Mrs. H.S. Balls) seasoned with salt and pepper. The
2424:
Arnold, T. H.; Wells, M. J.; Wehmeyer, A. S. (1985), Wickens, G. E.; Goodin, J. R.; Field, D. V. (eds.), "Khoisan food plants: taxa with potential for future economic exploitation",
1209:
Today, in the dairy section of South Africa's supermarkets, one will find a variety of kinds of milk, sour milk, sour cream, and other modern versions of traditional milk products.
1202:
milk, somewhat like yogurt, were a dietary mainstay. A visitor to any African village in the 1800s would have been offered a large calabash of cool fermented milk as a greeting.
3479:
157:
1670:
stuffed into a hollowed-out loaf of bread, often called Kota by the locals (usually those of African descent) who sometimes, instead of curry, fill the bread with slap chips (
1285:, Barcelos, Fat Cake City and King Pie. Many of the restaurant chains originating from South Africa have also expanded successfully outside the borders of the country. Also,
2772:
3916:
479:
3709:
3028:
522:
reflects the diverse range of culinary traditions embodied by the various communities that inhabit the country. Among the indigenous peoples of South Africa, the
800:
Today, South Africans enjoy not only beef, but mutton, goat, chicken and other meats as a centerpiece of a meal. On weekends, many South African families have a
3364:
4049:
403:
6880:
3825:
3494:
2228:—a rectangular, hard, dry biscuit eaten after being dunked in tea or coffee; they are either home-baked or shop-bought (with the most popular brand being
172:
7006:
1336:
690:, expatriates and local residents. In addition, South African ingredients and dishes have attained greater visibility worldwide, owing to the burgeoning
797:(dried preserved meat). As in the past, when men kept cattle as their prized possession in the rural areas, South Africans have a preference for beef.
4942:
4260:
3699:
2175:—a traditional South African dish. Served as a standalone dish for supper and for lunch in some instances. (Famous traditional cookbooks such as the "
6142:
4488:
3956:
3603:
2000:—made of chopped onion, garlic and ginger, with a combination of chutney, soy sauce, mustard, Worcestershire sauce, ketchup, and wine (there are no
1320:
5143:
4912:
4323:
3795:
3588:
1305:
7210:
4054:
1886:
738:, and very similar to American grits) with a flavorful stewed meat gravy. Traditional rural families (and many urban ones) often ferment their
1181:
system. That tradition of urban women making beer for the labour force persists in South Africa to the extent that informal bars and taverns (
6960:
4937:
2441:
472:
3716:
3689:
3593:
2289:—a traditional Cape Malay sweet milk drink, made with vermicelli, sago, sugar, and flavoured with cardamom, stick cinnamon and rose water.
808:, which is maize meal and grilled meat. Eating meat even has a ritual significance in both traditional and modern South African culture.
3563:
3021:
6578:
4693:
3757:
1009:
is perhaps closest to being the national dish, because it is not commonly found in any other country. The recipe originates from the
2222:
Peppermint crisp tart—a traditional fridge tart made with peppermint crisp chocolate, caramel treat, Tennis biscuits and fresh cream.
1112:
Curried dishes are popular in South Africa among people of all ethnic origins; many dishes came to the country with the thousands of
7246:
6680:
3830:
3777:
3752:
3664:
3568:
3357:
3001:
2749:
1404:
Droëwors—translates to dried sausage and is made like boerewors, but park meat is left out. It is dried the same way as biltong is.
2776:
6970:
4770:
4758:
4034:
3844:
3762:
3515:
3510:
3474:
742:
for a few days—especially if it is sorghum instead of maize—which gives it a tangy flavour. The Sotho-Tswana call this fermented
465:
152:
1254:
can be found in all of the major cities and many of the larger towns. There are also many home-grown chain restaurants, such as
4039:
3936:
3896:
3782:
3684:
3598:
3578:
3573:
760:, varieties of which are indigenous to South Africa, although now many people eat pumpkins that originated in other countries.
675:
530:
shrub legume, whose culinary value continues to exert a salient influence on South African cuisine. Subsequent encounters with
433:
349:
280:
1594:
Paptert—a tart used as a side dish for a braai. Made from pap, cheese, canned tomatoes and bacon. Both modern and traditional.
634:
further inland adapted Dutch, Khoisan, Cape Malay and Bantu foodways to accommodate their peripatetic lifestyle. In addition,
7241:
5029:
3941:
3613:
3551:
3014:
2536:
1348:
1225:
1194:
Today, most urban dwellers buy beer manufactured by industrial breweries that make beer that is like beer one would buy in
6855:
6840:
5406:
4253:
4074:
3951:
3901:
3772:
3583:
3409:
3402:
2712:
812:
643:
531:
326:
185:
87:
80:
6860:
6746:
5292:
4353:
4066:
4014:
3984:
3815:
3674:
3644:
3541:
3350:
428:
7054:
6890:
6875:
6812:
6710:
6341:
4594:
3911:
3891:
3742:
1491:—grilled or deep-fried chicken feet and head. Another dish is a cooked pigs head known as a "smiley", most popular in
1282:
568:
321:
1545:
Gesmoorde vis—salted cod or snoek with potatoes and tomato sauce, sometimes served with apricot, grapes or moskonfyt.
1198:
and America, but rural people and recent immigrants to the city still enjoy the cloudy, unfiltered traditional beer.
711:
speakers who arrived in the southern regions from north-east Africa since 200 AD and the spread of cattle keeping to
6955:
6865:
6504:
6474:
5262:
4153:
3966:
3886:
3866:
3694:
3669:
3654:
1173:
many ceremonies, like betrothals and weddings, in which one family ceremoniously offered beer to the other family.
1014:
371:
308:
6870:
6830:
6556:
6514:
6509:
6484:
6030:
4927:
4817:
3906:
3871:
3820:
3704:
3659:
3608:
3558:
3529:
1265:
There is also a proliferation of fast-food restaurants in South Africa. While some international players such as
635:
213:
195:
862:. As British people settled in South Africa they brought their cuisine, which influenced South African cuisine.
6950:
6905:
6820:
6655:
6633:
6618:
6608:
6593:
6561:
6494:
6489:
6469:
5401:
4812:
4807:
4731:
4660:
4637:
4589:
4246:
4019:
4009:
3931:
3876:
3856:
3805:
3632:
3618:
3489:
3397:
2662:
2384:
1536:
1010:
953:
291:
167:
75:
824:
7064:
6768:
6628:
6613:
6603:
6479:
6427:
6381:
5418:
5074:
5054:
4738:
4548:
4483:
4393:
4213:
4206:
3976:
3946:
3921:
3810:
3747:
3730:
3546:
3385:
3377:
2278:
1950:
1492:
1255:
1113:
687:
657:
65:
45:
2869:
6885:
6736:
6623:
6536:
6167:
5349:
5069:
4917:
4847:
4837:
4790:
4753:
4748:
4686:
4642:
4518:
4503:
3994:
3926:
3881:
3767:
3649:
2818:
2457:
1266:
691:
376:
2895:
6835:
6825:
6741:
6638:
6526:
6147:
5863:
5853:
5717:
5583:
5518:
5478:
5272:
4842:
4775:
4611:
4453:
4222:
4187:
4182:
4044:
4029:
4024:
3961:
3861:
3414:
3121:
2615:
1642:
1633:
1105:
661:
387:
363:
340:
208:
92:
36:
5940:
5344:
2798:
1834:—maize porridge in South Africa, traditional porridge/polenta and a staple food of the African peoples
7023:
7018:
7001:
6920:
6763:
6690:
6571:
6566:
6551:
6499:
6237:
6127:
5801:
5796:
5588:
5064:
4932:
4726:
4616:
4443:
4318:
4303:
4079:
3434:
1243:
1148:
653:
423:
316:
112:
1157:
7220:
7196:
7190:
6269:
6172:
6162:
6137:
6020:
5980:
5950:
5920:
5915:
5737:
5727:
5322:
5245:
5121:
4989:
4979:
4922:
4785:
4498:
4438:
4363:
4313:
4227:
4143:
3679:
2986:
2844:
2343:
2049:
2031:—the yellow fruit of a local tree. This fruit is eaten and beloved by both the people and animals.
1588:
1278:
1018:
608:
453:
298:
2636:
1057:, also has its origins in Cape Malay cookery, and is often referred to as Cape Malay yellow rice.
972:, and this is reflected in the use of eastern spices and the names given to many of these dishes.
7033:
6900:
6780:
6396:
6376:
6371:
6259:
6227:
6202:
6152:
6132:
6080:
6050:
6035:
6025:
5985:
5960:
5893:
5868:
5858:
5838:
5722:
5707:
5697:
5595:
5553:
5528:
5503:
5458:
5413:
5339:
5277:
5252:
5049:
4999:
4969:
4907:
4897:
4892:
4558:
4493:
4408:
4343:
4003:
3787:
3459:
3324:
3207:
2404:
2028:
1997:
1968:
1907:
1683:
1177:
available in the grain-heavy traditional diet and even less available in urban industrial slums.
1152:
895:
588:
137:
2687:
2616:"Indigenous cookery of South Africa – Linksfontein Safari Lodge | Northern Cape | South Africa"
7112:
6986:
6850:
6751:
6715:
6685:
6434:
6366:
6356:
6351:
6304:
6299:
6289:
6252:
6182:
6095:
6015:
6005:
5945:
5925:
5900:
5883:
5776:
5747:
5665:
5660:
5650:
5625:
5573:
5558:
5508:
5443:
5438:
5423:
5307:
5210:
5205:
5173:
5168:
5136:
5116:
5111:
5101:
5096:
5039:
5019:
4994:
4959:
4902:
4780:
4743:
4679:
4621:
4528:
4473:
4388:
4368:
4338:
4308:
3989:
3454:
3429:
3419:
3329:
3086:
2745:
2596:
2518:
2477:
2437:
2207:(pumpkin fritters)—flour has been supplemented with or replaced by pumpkin. Some variants are
1913:
1815:
1495:
and sold by street vendors, sometimes in industrial areas with high concentrations of workers.
1449:
1247:
1031:
924:
881:
132:
107:
97:
7180:
7136:
7119:
7049:
7028:
6935:
6895:
6797:
6758:
6731:
6665:
6650:
6541:
6439:
6336:
6321:
6316:
6264:
6247:
6242:
6222:
6212:
6207:
6060:
6040:
5995:
5990:
5975:
5965:
5955:
5935:
5878:
5873:
5843:
5833:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5742:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5605:
5600:
5523:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5463:
5433:
5396:
5381:
5371:
5361:
5317:
5302:
5297:
5282:
5257:
5215:
5183:
5178:
5126:
5091:
5079:
5034:
5024:
5009:
4984:
4974:
4964:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4864:
4824:
4797:
4721:
4606:
4599:
4538:
4533:
4523:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4448:
4428:
4423:
4413:
4383:
4373:
4358:
4348:
4333:
4298:
4283:
2956:
Starving on a Full Stomach: Hunger and the Triumph of Cultural Racism in Modern South Africa
2739:
2586:
2576:
2508:
2469:
2429:
2064:
1251:
1235:
1026:. It is also made with curry powder, leaving it with a slight tang. It is often served with
575:, who continue in the cultivation of grain, starch fruit and root tubers — in the manner of
556:
2961:
2080:
1910:) and slowly grilled over medium-hot coals until the cheese melts and the bread is browned.
6940:
6930:
6910:
6802:
6675:
6645:
6464:
6444:
6391:
6346:
6331:
6326:
6274:
6232:
6197:
6157:
6122:
6085:
6075:
6070:
6065:
5970:
5930:
5910:
5888:
5828:
5813:
5808:
5754:
5712:
5702:
5692:
5687:
5672:
5578:
5548:
5468:
5428:
5366:
5354:
5329:
5287:
5240:
5225:
5193:
5188:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5131:
5106:
5059:
5044:
5004:
4954:
4716:
4553:
4543:
4478:
4398:
4378:
4328:
4288:
4269:
3469:
2198:
1622:
1239:
849:
660:
in the 19th century, further enriched the culinary oeuvre of South Africa. In particular,
627:
619:
600:
548:
238:
233:
147:
6700:
2581:
2564:
2052:. The traditional Afrikaner/Boer preparation usually incorporates onion, potato, or both.
2044:—spinach-like wild plant sometimes seen as a weed. Traditionally boiled and served with
7059:
6996:
6965:
6925:
6695:
6598:
6546:
6531:
6454:
6449:
6386:
6284:
6217:
6187:
6177:
6110:
6055:
6045:
6000:
5905:
5848:
5818:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5655:
5620:
5610:
5563:
5513:
5473:
5453:
5448:
5391:
5376:
5334:
5312:
5235:
5198:
4872:
4832:
4802:
4584:
4579:
4508:
4433:
4418:
4403:
4165:
3464:
2458:"Farming the South African "Bush": Ecologies of belonging and exclusion in rooibos tea"
2394:
2250:
1459:
1092:
1076:
1066:
891:
859:
855:
669:
584:
580:
564:
248:
243:
228:
223:
218:
142:
622:
foodways brought via European immigration resulted in further culinary diffusion. The
7235:
7092:
7013:
6945:
6845:
6670:
6660:
6588:
6459:
6361:
6294:
6279:
6115:
6105:
6100:
6010:
5732:
5682:
5677:
5615:
5568:
5386:
5267:
5230:
5220:
5084:
5014:
4947:
4859:
4765:
4293:
4175:
4104:
4099:
3258:
3248:
3243:
3161:
2399:
2389:
2357:
2193:
2151:
2096:
1994:, or Mrs Balls Chutney, a sweet sauce made from fruit that is usually poured on meat.
1916:—a sandwich popular in Cape Town, a long roll with fillings of anything ranging from
1617:
1591:
but exclusively made with cherries wrapped in bacon and battered with barbeque sauce.
1425:
1270:
1259:
961:
919:
915:
708:
672:
is currently widely available across South Africa and consumed by all ethnic groups.
665:
615:
253:
932:
A very distinctive regional style of South African cooking is often referred to as "
54:
7170:
7107:
6915:
6422:
6417:
6311:
6090:
5630:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5483:
4574:
4114:
4109:
4094:
4089:
3449:
3373:
3314:
3126:
3071:
2219:(rice fritter), where pumpkin is replaced with either sweet potato, potato or rice.
2182:
2014:
1823:
1671:
1488:
1481:—chicken feet, cow feet, pig feet, lamb feet and sheep feet, usually consumed with
1097:
945:
899:
865:
572:
511:
492:
127:
1842:—a dish made from white maize and sugar beans, a staple food for the Xhosa people.
1273:
are active in the country, they face stiff competition from local chains such as
17:
7200:
7158:
6790:
6583:
5823:
4170:
4119:
4084:
3800:
3444:
3424:
3309:
3197:
3135:
3106:
2987:
South African cuisine – International Marketing Council of South Africa web site
2540:
2433:
2371:
2132:—come in two forms and are a sweet delicacy among all South Africans. Afrikaans
1849:
1780:
1570:
1525:
1506:
1432:
1217:
1038:
1002:
976:
969:
877:
664:
brought a wealth of spices, seasonings and dishes, historically associated with
649:
639:
623:
122:
102:
2958:, University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville, VA., United States of America.
2539:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1995. Archived from
776:
4148:
4136:
3319:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3238:
3221:
3156:
3131:
3066:
2333:
2321:
2229:
2145:
2128:
2120:
2087:
2071:
1786:
1723:
1663:
1575:
1274:
1132:
1101:
933:
631:
544:
2600:
2522:
2481:
2021:
overnight (to remove the bitter taste) before processing into a jam known as
6991:
6412:
4160:
3484:
3187:
3146:
3116:
3081:
3056:
2975:
South African indigenous foods : a collection of recipes of indigenous foods
2899:
2201:
from the wine-making region of South Africa. Baked twice to make mosbeskuit.
2186:
2018:
1982:
1838:
1660:—a mixed rice dish originating among the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent.
1610:
1603:
1598:
1552:
1408:
1383:
1286:
1072:
1005:
baked with an egg-based topping. Of the many dishes common to South Africa,
903:
869:
753:
679:
592:
504:
496:
203:
162:
1001:
is a South African dish that has Cape Malay origins. It consists of spiced
968:
as it does to the European styles of cookery imported by settlers from the
948:. The Cape Dutch cookery style owes at least as much to the cookery of the
2565:"The Livestock Roles in the Wellbeing of Rural Communities of Timor-Leste"
2124:—a tartlet with an apricot jam filling and dried coconut meringue topping.
7082:
4131:
3439:
3253:
3212:
3141:
2948:
2513:
2496:
2495:
Erasmus, Sara Wilhelmina; Hoffman, Louwrens Christiaan (1 October 2017).
2165:
2103:
1990:
1924:
1765:
1715:
1711:
1413:
1398:
1050:
1042:
965:
941:
552:
117:
3342:
3006:
626:
community founded a distinctive diasporic cuisine, derived largely from
7087:
6785:
6705:
4702:
4126:
3289:
3192:
3182:
3166:
3111:
3091:
3076:
3061:
3051:
2591:
2473:
2379:
2313:
2236:
2158:
2155:
2113:
2032:
1791:
1772:
1760:
1737:
1733:
1706:
1656:
1502:
1498:
1467:
1420:
1388:
1375:
1183:
1162:
1122:
997:
949:
936:". This cuisine is characterised mainly by the usage of spices such as
833:
793:
757:
719:
718:
The pre-colonial diet consisted primarily of cooked grains, especially
712:
683:
560:
527:
523:
7153:
2365:
2112:
Bar One sauce—usually poured over vanilla ice-cream, made from melted
715:
groups enabled products and the availability of fresh meat on demand.
3299:
3202:
3151:
3096:
2285:
2137:
2040:
2001:
1956:
1942:
1869:
1728:
1719:
1689:
1472:
1355:
1195:
1136:
1126:
1080:
1046:
985:
957:
937:
873:
770:
723:
704:
1573:—a staple food, often used in baking but predominantly cooked into
7097:
6519:
4238:
3304:
3294:
2305:
2293:
2273:
2263:
2245:
1903:
1885:
1830:
1826:, made from boiled pig's or sheep's trotters and onions and beans.
1692:
1667:
1581:
1535:
1454:
1442:
1393:
1224:
1216:
1156:
1118:
1054:
1022:
980:
923:
885:
832:
During the pioneering days of the 17th century, new foods such as
823:
787:
775:
576:
510:
491:
2017:—a wild fruit that grows in the Kalahari desert. It is soaked in
7131:
7102:
6775:
3217:
3101:
2225:
1819:
1638:
1626:
1606:
1169:
990:
837:
765:
761:
500:
4675:
4242:
3346:
3010:
7124:
2991:
2803:
2773:"Durban largest 'Indian' city outside India - Times Of India"
1868:—a boiled stew of a cow or sheep's head, usually served with
2945:
People's plants: A guide to useful plants of Southern Africa
2148:
are sweet and spicy, shaped like large eggs, and deep fried.
1776:—soft porridge made from ground corn known as "mealie meal".
526:
foraged over 300 species of edible food plants, such as the
4671:
2741:
From Curries to Kebabs: Recipes from the Indian Spice Trail
1587:
Oepsies—a starter made on a braai. Similar to the American
1229:
Panarotti's, a pizza restaurant originating in South Africa
507:, three-legged pot. This one is being cooked on a barbecue.
1959:, —a sandwich, quarter-loaf of bread usually stuffed with
2996:
1609:, made with meat and vegetables and cooked over coals in
880:
where there are influences from UK. But in South Africa,
2713:"SA wine history: On the Impact of the French Huguenots"
1485:
or as a delicacy. When cooking, just add water and salt.
1784:—a local dish similar to tripe, usually eaten with hot
2325:—a type of beer made from fermented maize and sorghum.
682:
stifled the country's culinary output. At this time
7075:
7042:
6979:
6811:
6724:
6405:
4858:
4709:
4630:
4567:
4276:
4065:
3975:
3843:
3729:
3631:
3528:
3503:
3384:
3282:
3231:
3175:
3044:
2428:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 69–86,
1932:)—savoury bread baked over coals in cast-iron pots.
898:have dynamic ways to sell such as vendors or vans.
2248:balls, typically stuffed with meat or served with
2197:—a sweet bun made with aniseed and a grape juice
780:Men preparing the meat for a traditional ceremony
499:, literally translated to "small pot food", is a
2940:, Fleesch and Partners, Cape Town, South Africa.
2933:, C. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa.
1509:content, used in a stew or filleted and grilled.
611:) continue to be widely enjoyed and cultivated.
1726:on top, and is often served with yellow rice,
4687:
4254:
3358:
3022:
678:and sanctions imposed on South Africa during
473:
8:
1920:(bologna) to chicken or steak and hot chips.
642:, played an instrumental role in developing
2962:Routledge Encyclopaedia of Africa – Farming
2870:"Umphokoqo – crumbly mealie pap with amasi"
4694:
4680:
4672:
4261:
4247:
4239:
3849:
3735:
3637:
3534:
3390:
3365:
3351:
3343:
3029:
3015:
3007:
1412:—usually baked, but sometimes deep-fried,
569:Agriculture was introduced to South Africa
503:prepared outdoors in a traditional round,
480:
466:
31:
2590:
2580:
2512:
2317:—a herbal tea indigenous to South Africa.
1104:and salad, a meal that originated in the
2309:—a drink made from fermented mealie pap.
2262:
2179:" don't refer to this a dessert though).
1986:—a spicy South African vegetable relish.
1096:
1075:refugees brought wines as well as their
916:Dutch cuisine § Colonial influences
2973:Basemzanzi, B., & Moroka, T. 2004.
2637:"South African Food | Eating Cape Town"
2537:"Sorghum and millet in human nutrition"
2416:
2060:
1301:
535:settlements and urban entrepĂ´ts alike.
386:
297:
290:
263:
184:
43:
2569:Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural
1358:, popular street meal in all provinces
1293:Typical South African foods and dishes
989:, pickled fish, and a variety of fish
587:, following their introduction in the
6881:Historical North Indian and Pakistani
2297:—fermented milk, often consumed with
2140:, deep fried and strongly sweetened.
1806:—boiled beans mixed with mealie-meal.
928:A Cape Malay dish served in Cape Town
644:South Africa's viticultural industry.
630:culinary traditions, while Afrikaner
7:
7186:
4075:South African Bantu-speaking peoples
2931:The South African Culinary Tradition
2582:10.1590/1234-56781806-94790053s01005
1800:—summer salad made with boiled corn.
1471:—kebab, grilled marinated meat on a
591:, displacing the production of many
551:, who mostly depended on foods like
7206:
2943:Van Wyk, B. and Gericke, N., 2000.
2799:"24 of the world's best sandwiches"
804:, and the meal usually consists of
3176:Snacks, condiments and commodities
2849:The Riseing Southernstar of Africa
1342:Freshly prepared springbok goulash
1221:Nando's restaurant in South Africa
894:are also popular in South Africa.
840:evolved locally out of necessity.
25:
2663:"Ting ya Mabele - Arca del Gusto"
1030:, a hint of its origins from the
1017:, with the name derived from the
920:Malay cuisine § South Africa
910:Cape Dutch and Cape Malay cookery
906:are considered as fishes to fry.
868:is as popular in South Africa as
854:South Africa was a colony of the
7215:
7205:
7195:
7185:
7176:
7175:
7164:
7152:
4656:
4655:
4339:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2364:
2350:
2336:
2095:
2079:
2063:
1686:) and other fillings and spices.
1347:
1335:
1319:
1304:
1187:) are typically owned by women (
447:
53:
7216:
2688:"Cape Malay Yellow Rice Recipe"
2497:"What is meat in South Africa?"
858:and has strong influences from
6871:Historical Indian subcontinent
2169:—a milk-based tart or dessert.
2048:, or dried in small lumps for
1862:, commonly eaten by the Xhosa.
1551:—chicken pot pie, traditional
1:
2775:. 12 May 2013. Archived from
4568:Ethnic and regional cuisines
2874:Food & Home Entertaining
1524:Mashonja/Matamani—made from
979:influence has brought spicy
828:Biltong and droëwors on sale
756:used are often some sort of
7055:List of historical cuisines
6891:History of alcoholic drinks
4908:Lowcountry (South Carolina)
2434:10.1007/978-94-011-6830-4_6
1971:) and chips (French fries).
1812:—wet corn mixed with beans.
1768:, usually steamed in a pot.
1289:is present in the country.
1165:tea, native to South Africa
1129:, and other savoury foods.
609:Cocoyam, taro, or arrowroot
7263:
6342:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
2936:Leipoldt, C. Louis, 1976.
2819:"Cooking Tour | Cape Town"
2185:—a sweet bread baked with
1858:—sour milk mixed with dry
1848:—an African salad made of
1540:A serving of tomato bredie
1161:A cup of freshly prepared
1146:
1090:
1064:
913:
847:
656:, many of whom arrived as
638:, many of whom settled in
7147:
4651:
4200:
3852:
3738:
3640:
3537:
3393:
2977:. Pretoria, IndiZAFoods.
2896:"Ark of Taste - Makataan"
1637:(water flower stew)—meat
1501:—an increasingly popular
1436:—lamb's liver wrapped in
1424:—whole, salted and dried
1041:, a sweet dish made with
7247:Southern African cuisine
6961:Scottish royal household
6906:History of vegetarianism
5144:Central African Republic
4638:List of African cuisines
4324:Central African Republic
3002:Johannesburg Restaurants
2738:Jaffrey, Madhur (2003).
2385:List of African cuisines
2242:Amagwinya《 in isiXhosa 》
2211:(sweet-potato fritter),
1011:Dutch East India Company
954:Dutch East India Company
636:French Huguenot refugees
515:Location of South Africa
3796:State-owned enterprises
3495:Democratic South Africa
2938:Leipoldt's Cape Cookery
2929:Coetzee, Renata, 1977.
2614:Bernie (4 April 2017).
1902:is placed in a folding
1678:(bologna), cheese, and
1641:with the flower of the
1213:Restaurants and outlets
1125:, fried snacks such as
454:South Africa portal
173:Democratic South Africa
46:Culture of South Africa
27:Cuisine of South Africa
6886:History of agriculture
4643:List of African dishes
2268:
1891:
1541:
1505:source, as it has low
1391:that is traditionally
1267:Kentucky Fried Chicken
1230:
1222:
1166:
1109:
929:
829:
820:Non-indigenous cookery
781:
692:South African diaspora
516:
508:
7242:South African cuisine
6856:Early modern European
6584:Indigenous Australian
6143:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
5030:Bosnian-Herzegovinian
4489:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
4474:Republic of the Congo
3415:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
3232:Pastries and desserts
3122:Waterblommetjiebredie
3038:South African cuisine
2266:
2240:(fat cake, doughnut,
1953:pastry that is fried.
1889:
1754:Zulu, Xhosa and Sotho
1736:, banana slices, and
1634:Waterblommetjiebredie
1539:
1463:—a regional gamefish.
1228:
1220:
1160:
1100:
1091:Further information:
1065:Further information:
927:
914:Further information:
848:Further information:
827:
779:
662:Indian South Africans
650:British colonial rule
648:During the period of
614:By the 17th century,
595:food crops. Although
520:South African cuisine
514:
495:
93:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
7019:Molecular gastronomy
6951:Pre-contact Hawaiian
6861:Historical Argentine
6747:Mangalorean Catholic
4928:Pacific Northwestern
4364:Eswatini (Swaziland)
4050:World Heritage Sites
3826:Water and sanitation
3435:Mthethwa Paramountcy
2845:"South Africa Foods"
2667:Slow Food Foundation
2514:10.2527/af.2017.0449
2462:American Ethnologist
2456:Ives, Sarah (2014).
2116:chocolate and cream.
1149:Beer in South Africa
1106:Indian South African
404:World Heritage Sites
113:Mthethwa Paramountcy
6876:Historical Japanese
6711:Transylvanian Saxon
6579:Indigenous American
2344:South Africa portal
2050:extended shelf life
1963:(bologna), cheese,
1949:—a savoury stuffed
1589:devils on horseback
1077:traditional recipes
896:Fish and chip shops
707:and grain crops by
658:indentured laborers
343:and performing arts
6956:Korean royal court
6901:History of seafood
6866:Historical Chinese
6841:Antebellum America
6681:Pennsylvania Dutch
5293:Equatorial Guinean
5263:Dominican Republic
3460:Transvaal Republic
3208:Monkey gland sauce
2474:10.1111/amet.12106
2405:South African wine
2269:
2215:(potato fritter),
1998:Monkey gland sauce
1969:South Asian pickle
1892:
1684:South Asian pickle
1542:
1231:
1223:
1167:
1153:South African wine
1110:
930:
830:
782:
698:Indigenous cookery
589:Columbian exchange
532:Bantu pastoralists
517:
509:
138:Transvaal Republic
7229:
7228:
6971:Thirteen Colonies
6831:Ancient Israelite
6031:Papua New Guinean
4829:Intercontinental
4669:
4668:
4354:Equatorial Guinea
4277:National cuisines
4236:
4235:
4196:
4195:
3839:
3838:
3831:Wealth inequality
3778:Income inequality
3725:
3724:
3700:Political parties
3665:Foreign relations
3627:
3626:
3524:
3523:
3455:Orange Free State
3430:Dutch Cape Colony
3420:Kingdom of Mutapa
3340:
3339:
2954:Wylie, D., 2001.
2843:Dezius, Andreas.
2719:. 30 October 2018
2543:on 1 October 2018
2443:978-94-011-6830-4
2009:Fruits and plants
1890:A gatsby sandwich
1714:descent, is like
1032:Malay Archipelago
956:to the Cape from
882:Yorkshire pudding
490:
489:
133:Orange Free State
108:Dutch Cape Colony
98:Kingdom of Mutapa
18:Afrikaner cuisine
16:(Redirected from
7254:
7219:
7218:
7209:
7208:
7199:
7189:
7188:
7179:
7178:
7171:Drink portal
7169:
7168:
7167:
7157:
7156:
7137:Meal preparation
7050:List of cuisines
6896:History of bread
6821:Ancient Egyptian
6798:Ritual slaughter
6656:Louisiana Creole
6594:Italian American
6413:African American
5402:Greek Macedonian
4696:
4689:
4682:
4673:
4659:
4658:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4240:
4216:
4209:
4035:National symbols
3957:Social movements
3850:
3791:
3763:Economic history
3736:
3638:
3604:Populated places
3535:
3475:Great Depression
3391:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3344:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3008:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2641:Easy Recipe Tips
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2594:
2584:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2516:
2501:Animal Frontiers
2492:
2486:
2485:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2421:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2161:of Dutch origin.
2154:—a sweet spongy
2099:
2083:
2067:
1519:Tsonga and Venda
1351:
1339:
1323:
1308:
628:South East Asian
549:hunter-gatherers
482:
475:
468:
452:
451:
450:
153:Great Depression
57:
48:
32:
21:
7262:
7261:
7257:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7252:
7251:
7232:
7231:
7230:
7225:
7165:
7163:
7159:Food portal
7151:
7143:
7071:
7038:
6975:
6807:
6720:
6428:Arab-Indonesian
6401:
6382:Western Saharan
5854:Liechtensteiner
5419:Guinea-Bissauan
5055:Channel Islands
4943:Southwestern US
4863:
4854:
4705:
4700:
4670:
4665:
4647:
4626:
4563:
4272:
4270:African cuisine
4267:
4237:
4232:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4192:
4061:
4040:Public holidays
3971:
3937:Sexual violence
3917:Life expectancy
3835:
3789:
3783:Mining industry
3721:
3685:Law enforcement
3623:
3589:Mountain ranges
3520:
3499:
3470:Second Boer War
3380:
3371:
3341:
3336:
3278:
3227:
3171:
3040:
3035:
2983:
2971:
2966:
2951:, South Africa.
2925:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2744:. p. 184.
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2261:
2213:aartappelkoekie
2199:leavening agent
2107:
2100:
2091:
2084:
2075:
2068:
2059:
2033:Amarula liqueur
2023:Makataan konfyt
2011:
1978:
1879:
1722:and with baked
1602:—a traditional
1516:
1446:over hot coals.
1366:
1359:
1352:
1343:
1340:
1331:
1324:
1315:
1309:
1300:
1295:
1215:
1155:
1145:
1095:
1089:
1069:
1063:
952:brought by the
922:
912:
884:is replaced by
852:
850:British cuisine
846:
844:British cookery
836:, droëwors and
822:
700:
541:
486:
448:
446:
439:
438:
434:National anthem
419:
418:
409:
408:
399:
398:
382:
381:
367:
366:
355:
354:
345:
344:
332:
331:
312:
311:
286:
285:
281:Public holidays
276:
275:
259:
258:
199:
198:
180:
179:
178:
177:
148:Second Boer War
69:
68:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7260:
7258:
7250:
7249:
7244:
7234:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7213:
7203:
7193:
7183:
7173:
7161:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7129:
7128:
7127:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7079:
7077:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7060:Lists of foods
7057:
7052:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7010:
7009:
7004:
6994:
6989:
6983:
6981:
6977:
6976:
6974:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6817:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6794:
6793:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6761:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6734:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6544:
6539:
6537:Greek-American
6534:
6529:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6420:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6168:Sierra Leonean
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5350:French Guianan
5347:
5342:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5070:Northern Irish
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4848:Middle Eastern
4845:
4840:
4838:Latin American
4835:
4827:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4676:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4549:Western Sahara
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4243:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4166:Cape Coloureds
4158:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4071:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4055:heritage sites
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3942:Slum clearance
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3801:Stock exchange
3798:
3793:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3758:Communications
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3717:State security
3714:
3713:
3712:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3599:National parks
3596:
3594:Municipalities
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3552:Climate change
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3465:First Boer War
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3045:Savoury dishes
3042:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2981:External links
2979:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2941:
2934:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2887:
2876:. 14 July 2017
2861:
2835:
2810:
2807:. 11 May 2022.
2790:
2779:on 12 May 2013
2764:
2750:
2730:
2704:
2679:
2654:
2628:
2606:
2554:
2528:
2487:
2468:(4): 698–713.
2448:
2442:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2395:Indian cuisine
2392:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2361:
2347:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2290:
2282:
2279:fermented milk
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2233:
2223:
2220:
2205:Pampoenkoekies
2202:
2190:
2180:
2177:Kook en Geniet
2170:
2162:
2149:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2037:
2026:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1987:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1954:
1934:
1933:
1928:(pot bread or
1921:
1911:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1866:Inhloko/Smiley
1863:
1853:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1777:
1769:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1674:), a slice of
1661:
1647:
1646:
1630:
1614:
1595:
1592:
1585:
1568:
1567:or with honey.
1558:
1556:
1546:
1529:
1528:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1464:
1447:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1402:
1380:
1365:
1364:Game and meats
1362:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1283:Chicken Licken
1214:
1211:
1144:
1141:
1135:, a dish from
1093:Indian cuisine
1088:
1087:Indian cookery
1085:
1067:French cuisine
1062:
1061:French cookery
1059:
1037:South African
911:
908:
892:Fish and chips
860:United Kingdom
856:British Empire
845:
842:
821:
818:
699:
696:
676:Disinvestments
670:Indian cuisine
666:Kwa-Zulu Natal
585:sweet potatoes
540:
537:
488:
487:
485:
484:
477:
470:
462:
459:
458:
457:
456:
441:
440:
437:
436:
431:
426:
420:
416:
415:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
400:
396:
395:
394:
391:
390:
384:
383:
380:
379:
374:
368:
362:
361:
360:
357:
356:
353:
352:
346:
339:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
324:
319:
313:
307:
306:
305:
302:
301:
295:
294:
288:
287:
284:
283:
277:
273:
272:
271:
268:
267:
261:
260:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
219:Northern Sotho
216:
211:
206:
200:
194:
193:
192:
189:
188:
182:
181:
176:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
143:First Boer War
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
84:
83:
72:
71:
70:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
50:
49:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7259:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7239:
7237:
7222:
7214:
7212:
7204:
7202:
7198:
7194:
7192:
7184:
7182:
7174:
7172:
7162:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7149:
7146:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7130:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7121:
7118:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7093:Culinary arts
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6978:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6836:Ancient Roman
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6826:Ancient Greek
6824:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6742:Goan Catholic
6740:
6739:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6723:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6527:Crimean Tatar
6525:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6193:South African
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6148:Saudi Arabian
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5864:Luxembourgish
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5584:Uttar Pradesh
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5519:Maharashtrian
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5479:Chhattisgarhi
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5273:East Timorese
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4913:Midwestern US
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4843:Mediterranean
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4692:
4690:
4685:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4662:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4612:Mediterranean
4610:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4394:Guinea-Bissau
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4264:
4259:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Social issues
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Land invasion
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Foreign trade
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Early history
3408:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3356:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3274:Smuts cookies
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:Mosbolletjies
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Malva pudding
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Tomato bredie
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2836:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2753:
2751:9780609607046
2747:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2731:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2693:
2692:Group Recipes
2689:
2683:
2680:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2643:. 27 May 2019
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2555:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:Dutch cuisine
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2390:Malay cuisine
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2358:Africa portal
2348:
2345:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:or by itself.
2300:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2244:)—deep-fried
2243:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2194:Mosbolletjies
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2152:Malva pudding
2150:
2147:
2144:found in the
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:braaibroodjie
1897:
1896:Braaibroodjie
1894:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1643:Cape pondweed
1640:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1618:Tomato bredie
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1549:Hoenderpastei
1547:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
992:
988:
987:
982:
978:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
946:chili peppers
943:
939:
935:
926:
921:
917:
909:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
861:
857:
851:
843:
841:
839:
835:
826:
819:
817:
814:
809:
807:
803:
798:
796:
795:
790:
789:
778:
774:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
731:
730:the village.
727:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
697:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
652:, immigrants
651:
646:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:Bantu peoples
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
538:
536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
513:
506:
502:
498:
494:
483:
478:
476:
471:
469:
464:
463:
461:
460:
455:
445:
444:
443:
442:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
413:
412:
405:
402:
401:
393:
392:
389:
385:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
365:
359:
358:
351:
348:
347:
342:
336:
335:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
310:
304:
303:
300:
296:
293:
289:
282:
279:
278:
270:
269:
266:
262:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
197:
191:
190:
187:
183:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
88:Early history
86:
82:
79:
78:
77:
74:
73:
67:
61:
60:
56:
52:
51:
47:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
7024:Note by Note
7002:New American
6691:Pontic Greek
6572:South Indian
6567:North Indian
6238:Extremaduran
6192:
6128:Saint Lucian
5802:South Korean
5797:North Korean
5661:Palembangese
5589:Uttarakhandi
5075:Saint Helena
5065:Gibraltarian
4933:Puerto Rican
4617:West African
4514:South Africa
4513:
4504:Sierra Leone
4484:Saint Helena
4304:Burkina Faso
4067:Demographics
4015:Homelessness
3999:
3985:Architecture
3816:Trade unions
3675:Human rights
3645:Constitution
3542:Biodiversity
3480:World War II
3450:Zulu Kingdom
3374:South Africa
3315:Springbokkie
3127:Mealie bread
3072:Chicken feet
3037:
2992:Food tourism
2974:
2972:
2955:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2903:. Retrieved
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2873:
2864:
2852:. Retrieved
2848:
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2822:
2813:
2802:
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2777:the original
2767:
2757:28 September
2755:. Retrieved
2740:
2733:
2721:. Retrieved
2716:
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2691:
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2666:
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2640:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2609:
2572:
2568:
2557:
2545:. Retrieved
2541:the original
2531:
2507:(4): 71–75.
2504:
2500:
2490:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2425:
2419:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2284:
2272:
2254:fish or jam.
2249:
2241:
2235:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2192:
2183:Mealie-bread
2176:
2172:
2164:
2141:
2136:are twisted
2133:
2127:
2119:
2102:
2086:
2070:
2045:
2039:
2022:
1989:
1981:
1964:
1960:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1899:
1895:
1881:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1785:
1779:
1771:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1727:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1679:
1675:
1672:French fries
1655:
1649:
1648:
1632:
1616:
1597:
1580:
1574:
1564:
1560:
1548:
1531:
1530:
1526:Mopani worms
1518:
1517:
1489:Chicken feet
1482:
1478:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1392:
1382:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1327:
1311:
1277:, Galito's,
1264:
1244:West African
1232:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1131:
1111:
1070:
1036:
1027:
1021:
1013:colonies in
1006:
996:
995:
984:
974:
931:
890:
866:Sunday roast
864:
853:
831:
810:
806:pap en vleis
805:
801:
799:
792:
786:
783:
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
732:
728:
717:
701:
674:
647:
632:voortrekkers
613:
604:
596:
542:
519:
518:
429:Coat of arms
264:
158:World War II
128:Zulu Kingdom
29:
7211:WikiProject
6791:Kosher food
6173:Singaporean
6163:Seychellois
6138:Sammarinese
6021:Palestinian
5981:New Zealand
5951:Montenegrin
5921:Mauritanian
5916:Marshallese
5728:Piedmontese
5656:Minangkabau
5626:Gorontalese
5407:Heptanesean
5323:Kapampangan
5246:Greenlandic
5122:Cameroonian
4990:Bangladeshi
4980:Azerbaijani
4938:Southern US
4923:New Mexican
4918:New English
4893:Californian
4710:Continental
4519:South Sudan
4399:Ivory Coast
4171:Cape Malays
3892:Immigration
3743:Agriculture
3564:Earthquakes
3445:Cape Colony
3425:Kaditshwene
3310:Rooibos tea
3239:Koeksisters
3136:Mielie-meal
3107:Skilpadjies
2997:DBFOODS.ORG
2592:10174/16209
2372:Food portal
2209:patatkoekie
2134:koeksisters
2129:Koeksisters
2072:Koeksisters
1810:Mqhavunyeko
1781:Mala mogodu
1710:—a dish of
1625:and tomato
1571:Mielie-meal
1507:cholesterol
1433:Skilpadjies
1039:yellow rice
1003:minced meat
970:Netherlands
886:gravy sauce
878:New Zealand
668:, although
640:Franschhoek
601:Red Sorghum
545:San peoples
123:Cape Colony
103:Kaditshwene
7236:Categories
7034:Vegetarian
6813:Historical
6557:Indonesian
6505:Indonesian
6475:Australian
6397:Zimbabwean
6377:Vietnamese
6372:Venezuelan
6260:Sri Lankan
6228:Cantabrian
6203:Andalusian
6153:Senegalese
6133:Salvadoran
6081:Circassian
6051:Portuguese
6036:Paraguayan
6026:Panamanian
5986:Nicaraguan
5961:Mozambican
5941:Monégasque
5894:Sarawakian
5869:Macedonian
5859:Lithuanian
5723:Neapolitan
5596:Indonesian
5554:Rajasthani
5529:Meghalayan
5504:Jharkhandi
5459:Arunachali
5414:Guatemalan
5345:La RĂ©union
5278:Ecuadorian
5253:Djiboutian
5000:Belarusian
4970:Australian
4898:Floribbean
4499:Seychelles
4454:Mozambique
4439:Mauritania
4424:Madagascar
4319:Cape Verde
4149:Afrikaners
4137:San people
4020:Literature
3967:Xenophobia
3887:Healthcare
3867:Disability
3790:(currency)
3695:Parliament
3670:Government
3655:Corruption
3490:Border War
3330:Constantia
3320:Umqombothi
3269:Hertzoggie
3264:Tameletjie
3244:Koe'sister
3222:Ouma Rusks
3157:Soetpatats
3067:Bunny chow
2918:References
2697:29 January
2322:Umqombothi
2230:Ouma Rusks
2146:Cape Flats
2142:Koesisters
2121:Hertzoggie
2088:Hertzoggie
2004:involved.)
1850:maize meal
1822:—from the
1664:Bunny chow
1409:Frikkadels
1330:in process
1271:McDonald's
1260:Dulce Café
1147:See also:
1133:Bunny chow
1108:community.
1102:Bunny chow
1019:Indonesian
977:Cape Malay
934:Cape Dutch
888:and rice.
754:Vegetables
624:Cape Malay
372:Television
309:Literature
168:Border War
7113:sociology
6992:Fast food
6987:Classique
6851:Byzantine
6752:Mennonite
6737:Christian
6725:Religious
6686:Peranakan
6634:Sephardic
6619:Ethiopian
6609:Ashkenazi
6562:Malaysian
6515:Pakistani
6510:Malaysian
6485:Cambodian
6435:Aromanian
6367:Vanuatuan
6357:Uruguayan
6352:Ukrainian
6305:Zanzibari
6300:Tanzanian
6290:Taiwanese
6253:Valencian
6248:Manchegan
6183:Slovenian
6096:Mordovian
6016:Pakistani
6006:Norwegian
5946:Mongolian
5926:Mauritian
5901:Maldivian
5884:Malaysian
5777:Jordanian
5738:Sardinian
5698:Abruzzese
5666:Sundanese
5651:Minahasan
5574:Telangana
5559:Sikkimese
5509:Karnataka
5444:Icelandic
5439:Hungarian
5308:Ethiopian
5258:Dominican
5211:Congolese
5206:Colombian
5174:Hong Kong
5169:Cantonese
5137:Québécois
5117:Cambodian
5112:Burundian
5102:Burkinabé
5097:Bulgarian
5050:Anguillia
5040:Brazilian
5020:Bhutanese
4995:Barbadian
4960:Argentine
4781:Levantine
4771:Caucasian
4744:Caribbean
4590:Ethiopian
4444:Mauritius
4161:Coloureds
3907:Languages
3872:Education
3821:Transport
3753:Companies
3705:President
3660:Elections
3609:Provinces
3569:Estuaries
3559:Districts
3530:Geography
3485:Apartheid
3188:Chakalaka
3147:Potjiekos
3138:porridge)
3132:Mieliepap
3117:Umngqusho
3082:Frikkadel
3057:Boerewors
2947:, Briza,
2923:Citations
2900:Slow Food
2723:28 August
2601:0103-2003
2575:: 63–80.
2547:7 January
2523:2160-6056
2482:1548-1425
2411:Footnotes
2217:ryskoekie
2187:sweetcorn
2019:limewater
1983:Chakalaka
1930:boerbrood
1882:Afrikaans
1846:Umphokoqo
1839:Umngqusho
1804:Sigwaqani
1766:dumplings
1611:cast-iron
1604:Afrikaans
1599:Potjiekos
1553:Afrikaans
1532:Afrikaans
1493:townships
1414:meatballs
1399:barbecued
1384:Boerewors
1369:Afrikaans
1312:Boerewors
1287:Starbucks
1248:Congolese
1191:queens).
1143:Beverages
870:Australia
680:apartheid
654:from Asia
593:Old World
553:tortoises
505:cast iron
497:Potjiekos
397:Monuments
350:Musicians
274:Festivals
204:Afrikaans
196:Languages
163:Apartheid
7201:Cookbook
7181:Category
7083:Cookbook
7065:Prepared
7029:Nouvelle
7007:Eurasian
6936:Medieval
6732:Buddhist
6666:Ossetian
6651:Livonian
6629:Moroccan
6614:Bukharan
6604:American
6542:Hazaragi
6520:Peruvian
6495:Filipino
6490:Canadian
6470:American
6440:Assyrian
6337:Tuvaluan
6322:Tunisian
6317:Togolese
6265:Sudanese
6243:Galician
6223:Canarian
6213:Balearic
6208:Asturian
6061:Romanian
6041:Peruvian
5996:Nigerian
5976:Nepalese
5966:Namibian
5956:Moroccan
5936:Moldovan
5879:Malawian
5874:Malagasy
5844:Liberian
5834:Lebanese
5770:Okinawan
5765:Japanese
5760:Jamaican
5748:Venetian
5743:Sicilian
5718:Lucanian
5708:Ligurian
5646:Makassar
5641:Madurese
5636:Javanese
5606:Balinese
5601:Acehnese
5524:Manipuri
5499:Kashmiri
5494:Haryanvi
5489:Gujarati
5464:Assamese
5434:Honduran
5397:Epirotic
5382:Ghanaian
5372:Georgian
5362:Gabonese
5340:Corsican
5318:Filipino
5303:Estonian
5298:Eritrean
5283:Egyptian
5216:Croatian
5199:Xinjiang
5184:Shandong
5179:Macanese
5127:Canadian
5092:Bruneian
5080:Scottish
5035:Botswana
5025:Bolivian
5015:Beninese
5010:Belizean
4985:Bahraini
4975:Austrian
4965:Armenian
4903:Hawaiian
4888:American
4883:Algerian
4878:Albanian
4865:regional
4860:National
4825:Oceanian
4798:European
4739:Americas
4703:Cuisines
4661:Category
4622:Zanzibar
4607:Maghrebi
4600:Sephardi
4559:Zimbabwe
4529:Tanzania
4369:Ethiopia
4344:Djibouti
4314:Cameroon
4299:Botswana
4223:Category
4132:Khoekhoe
4010:HIV/AIDS
3932:Religion
3897:Intersex
3877:Feminism
3857:Cannabis
3806:Taxation
3710:timeline
3690:Military
3633:Politics
3619:Wildlife
3516:Military
3504:By topic
3440:Ndwandwe
3398:Timeline
3378:articles
3254:Melktert
3213:Peppadew
3198:Droëwors
3142:Potbrood
2949:Pretoria
2330:See also
2166:Melktert
2138:pastries
2104:Melktert
2015:Makataan
1991:blatjang
1976:Relishes
1925:Potbrood
1908:gridiron
1816:Trotters
1716:meatloaf
1479:Amanqina
1326:A large
1252:Japanese
1236:Moroccan
1184:shebeens
1127:samoosas
1123:chutneys
1073:Huguenot
1051:cinnamon
1043:turmeric
966:Malaysia
942:allspice
688:tourists
684:shebeens
561:coconuts
557:crayfish
292:Religion
118:Ndwandwe
76:Timeline
37:a series
35:Part of
7221:Outline
7191:Commons
7108:history
7088:Cooking
7076:Related
6946:Peasant
6941:Ottoman
6911:Hittite
6786:Kashrut
6769:Chinese
6764:Islamic
6676:Pashtun
6646:Kurdish
6624:Mizrahi
6552:English
6480:British
6465:Chinese
6445:Balochi
6392:Zambian
6347:Ugandan
6332:Turkmen
6327:Turkish
6275:Swedish
6233:Catalan
6198:Spanish
6158:Serbian
6123:Rwandan
6086:Cossack
6076:Chechen
6071:Bashkir
6066:Russian
5971:Nauruan
5931:Mexican
5911:Maltese
5889:Sabahan
5839:Lesotho
5829:Latvian
5814:Kuwaiti
5809:Kosovan
5755:Ivorian
5713:Lombard
5703:Apulian
5693:Italian
5688:Israeli
5673:Iranian
5579:Tripuri
5549:Punjabi
5469:Bengali
5429:Haitian
5424:Guinean
5367:Gambian
5355:Occitan
5330:Finnish
5288:Emirati
5241:Faroese
5226:Cypriot
5194:Tibetan
5189:Sichuan
5164:Beijing
5159:Chinese
5154:Chilean
5149:Chadian
5132:Acadian
5107:Burmese
5060:English
5045:British
5005:Belgian
4955:Angolan
4813:Eastern
4808:Central
4776:Central
4717:African
4595:Mizrahi
4539:Tunisia
4509:Somalia
4494:Senegal
4469:Nigeria
4459:Namibia
4449:Morocco
4414:Liberia
4409:Lesotho
4359:Eritrea
4334:Comoros
4309:Burundi
4284:Algeria
4207:Outline
4188:Chinese
4183:Indians
4176:Griquas
4154:British
4127:Khoisan
4080:Ndebele
4000:Cuisine
3977:Culture
3947:Smoking
3922:Poverty
3845:Society
3811:Tourism
3748:Banking
3731:Economy
3579:Islands
3574:Forests
3547:Climate
3511:Economy
3386:History
3290:Amarula
3193:Chutney
3183:Biltong
3167:Vetkoek
3112:Sosatie
3092:Isidudu
3077:Dikgobe
3062:Bokkoms
3052:Bobotie
2969:Sources
2905:17 July
2717:winemag
2380:Amarula
2314:Rooibos
2237:Vetkoek
2173:Melkkos
2159:pudding
2156:apricot
2114:Bar One
2002:monkeys
1947:samoosa
1798:Iinkobe
1792:spinach
1773:Isidudu
1761:Dombolo
1749:Indomie
1738:chutney
1734:coconut
1729:sambals
1720:raisins
1707:Bobotie
1657:Biryani
1561:Kaiings
1503:protein
1499:Ostrich
1468:Sosatie
1455:braaied
1443:braaied
1421:Bokkoms
1394:braaied
1389:sausage
1376:Biltong
1298:Savoury
1275:Nando's
1240:Chinese
1189:shebeen
1163:rooibos
1071:French
1047:raisins
1023:bobotok
1015:Batavia
1007:bobotie
998:Bobotie
986:sambals
981:curries
834:biltong
794:biltong
758:pumpkin
720:sorghum
713:Khoisan
620:British
605:madumbe
571:by the
539:History
528:rooibos
524:Khoisan
417:Symbols
327:Writers
265:Cuisine
214:Ndebele
209:English
66:History
6997:Fusion
6980:Styles
6966:Soviet
6931:Mughal
6926:Muisca
6716:Yup'ik
6706:Tejano
6696:Romani
6639:Syrian
6599:Jewish
6547:Indian
6532:Gagauz
6500:Indian
6455:Buryat
6450:Berber
6406:Ethnic
6387:Yemeni
6285:Syrian
6218:Basque
6188:Somali
6178:Slovak
6111:Udmurt
6056:Qatari
6046:Polish
6001:Niuean
5906:Malian
5849:Libyan
5819:Kyrgyz
5792:Korean
5787:Kenyan
5782:Kazakh
5621:Betawi
5611:Banjar
5564:Sindhi
5514:Kerala
5474:Bihari
5454:Andhra
5449:Indian
5392:Cretan
5377:German
5335:French
5313:Fijian
5236:Danish
4873:Afghan
4833:Global
4803:Balkan
4585:Jewish
4580:Berber
4554:Zambia
4544:Uganda
4479:Rwanda
4429:Malawi
4389:Guinea
4379:Gambia
4289:Angola
4228:Portal
4144:Whites
4105:Tswana
4100:Tsonga
4045:Sports
3995:Cinema
3927:Racism
3882:Health
3768:Energy
3650:Courts
3614:Rivers
3376:
3300:Boeber
3283:Drinks
3203:Konfyt
3152:Spatlo
3097:Morogo
3087:Gatsby
2880:25 May
2854:25 May
2828:25 May
2823:Rufaro
2783:4 June
2748:
2672:25 May
2647:24 May
2621:25 May
2599:
2521:
2480:
2440:
2286:Boeber
2267:Boeber
2259:Drinks
2041:Morogo
2029:Marula
1965:atchar
1961:polony
1951:Indian
1943:Samosa
1937:Indian
1918:polony
1914:Gatsby
1906:grid (
1877:Breads
1870:phuthu
1856:Umvubo
1690:Durban
1680:atchar
1676:polony
1650:Indian
1639:stewed
1473:skewer
1450:Smoked
1438:netvet
1426:mullet
1356:spatlo
1279:Steers
1250:, and
1196:Europe
1137:Durban
1119:sweets
1114:Indian
1081:France
1028:sambal
958:Bengal
950:slaves
938:nutmeg
918:, and
904:snoeks
874:Canada
791:) and
771:butter
724:millet
705:cattle
603:) and
597:mabele
581:squash
565:squash
377:Cinema
317:Comics
239:Tsonga
234:Tswana
186:People
39:on the
7098:Drink
7043:Lists
7014:Haute
6921:Mayan
6846:Aztec
6759:Hindu
6671:Parsi
6661:Malay
6589:Inuit
6460:Cajun
6362:Uzbek
6295:Tajik
6280:Swiss
6270:Swazi
6116:Yamal
6106:Tatar
6101:Sakha
6011:Omani
5991:Niger
5733:Roman
5683:Irish
5678:Iraqi
5616:Batak
5569:Tamil
5387:Greek
5268:Dutch
5231:Czech
5221:Cuban
5085:Welsh
4948:Texan
4786:South
4766:Asian
4754:South
4749:North
4722:North
4631:Lists
4524:Sudan
4464:Niger
4419:Libya
4404:Kenya
4384:Ghana
4374:Gabon
4349:Egypt
4294:Benin
4214:Index
4115:Xhosa
4110:Venda
4095:Swazi
4090:Sotho
4030:Music
4025:Media
3962:Women
3862:Crime
3788:Rand
3584:Lakes
3403:Years
3305:Mageu
3295:Amasi
3218:Rusks
2306:Mageu
2274:Amasi
2251:snoek
2246:dough
2226:Rusks
2057:Sweet
2036:kudu.
1945:, or
1904:braai
1831:Ugali
1820:beans
1746:Sotok
1718:with
1712:Malay
1700:Malay
1693:curry
1668:curry
1613:pots.
1582:Ugali
1555:fare.
1514:Meals
1460:snoek
1328:braai
1079:from
1055:sugar
991:stews
900:Hakes
838:rusks
813:Bantu
802:braai
788:braai
766:beans
709:Bantu
616:Dutch
577:maize
547:were
388:Sport
364:Media
341:Music
322:Poets
249:Xhosa
244:Venda
229:Swazi
224:Sotho
81:Years
7132:Meal
7120:Diet
7103:Food
6916:Inca
6803:Sikh
6781:Jain
6776:Ital
6701:Sámi
6423:Arab
6418:Ainu
6312:Thai
6091:Komi
5631:Indo
5544:Odia
5539:Naga
5534:Mizo
5484:Goan
4818:list
4791:list
4759:list
4732:list
4727:West
4575:Arab
4534:Togo
4434:Mali
4329:Chad
4120:Zulu
4085:Pedi
4004:wine
3912:LGBT
3325:Wine
3102:Samp
2907:2021
2882:2020
2856:2020
2830:2020
2785:2021
2759:2015
2746:ISBN
2725:2021
2699:2019
2674:2020
2649:2020
2623:2020
2597:ISSN
2549:2012
2519:ISSN
2478:ISSN
2438:ISBN
2294:Mafi
1957:Kota
1824:Cape
1818:and
1790:and
1627:stew
1623:lamb
1607:stew
1440:and
1314:roll
1269:and
1258:and
1256:Spur
1170:Beer
1151:and
1053:and
975:The
964:and
962:Java
944:and
902:and
876:and
764:and
762:Rice
748:ting
722:and
618:and
583:and
563:and
543:The
501:stew
424:Flag
254:Zulu
7125:Fat
5824:Lao
4862:and
3990:Art
3680:Law
2804:CNN
2587:hdl
2577:doi
2509:doi
2470:doi
2430:doi
2299:pap
2046:pap
1860:pap
1787:pap
1724:egg
1621:—a
1579:or
1576:pap
1565:pap
1483:pap
1452:or
1387:—a
811:In
744:pap
740:pap
736:pap
299:Art
7238::
2898:.
2872:.
2847:.
2821:.
2801:.
2715:.
2690:.
2665:.
2639:.
2595:.
2585:.
2573:53
2571:.
2567:.
2517:.
2503:.
2499:.
2476:.
2466:41
2464:.
2460:.
2436:,
2232:).
1732:,
1401:).
1354:A
1281:,
1262:.
1246:,
1242:,
1238:,
1121:,
1083:.
1049:,
1045:,
1034:.
993:.
983:,
960:,
940:,
872:,
773:.
750:.
746:,
694:.
579:,
567:.
559:,
555:,
4695:e
4688:t
4681:v
4262:e
4255:t
4248:v
4006:)
4002:(
3366:e
3359:t
3352:v
3224:)
3220:(
3134:(
3030:e
3023:t
3016:v
2909:.
2884:.
2858:.
2832:.
2787:.
2761:.
2727:.
2701:.
2676:.
2651:.
2625:.
2603:.
2589::
2579::
2551:.
2525:.
2511::
2505:7
2484:.
2472::
2432::
2281:.
2277:—
2189:.
2025:.
1967:(
1872:.
1852:.
1794:.
1764:—
1740:.
1682:(
1666:—
1645:.
1629:.
1475:.
1428:.
1416:.
1397:(
607:(
599:(
481:e
474:t
467:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
