44:
201:
180:
434:
155:
578:, founded in 2015. After teaching three programs (Electromechanical Engineering, Kurdish Literature and Economy) in the first academic year, the second academic year with an increased 22 professors and 250 students has three additional programs (Human Medicine, Journalism and Agricultural Engineering). The university was closed after the Turkish invasion; its students were able to follow up on their studies at the
5147:
208:
503:
541:
Afrin
District also served as a center for domestic tourism due to its beautiful landscapes. Syrians continued to travel to the region for recreational purposes after the formation of Afrin Region, and later Afrin Canton. The tourism was however somewhat constricted due to the YPG's tight control of
519:
increasingly made the entire production chains locate in Afrin Canton. At the height of the fighting for Aleppo, up to 50 percent of the city's industrial production was moved to Afrin Canton. As of early 2016, two million pairs of jeans were produced per month and exported across Syria. In
January
704:
515:, a hard soap made from olive oil and lye, distinguished by the inclusion of laurel oil. While Afrin Canton has been the source of olive oil for Aleppo soap since antiquity, the destruction caused by the Syrian Civil War to other parts of
527:, as far as possible at all, had at least four times the transportation cost as compared to pre-war years. In 2015 there were 32 tons of Aleppo soap produced and exported to other parts of Syria, but also to international markets.
4927:
510:
A diverse agricultural production was at the heart of the Afrin Canton's economy, traditionally olives in particular, and more recently there was a focus on increasing wheat production. A well-known product from the area is
3763:
4037:
2512:
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3821:
4140:
3458:
3331:
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2878:
2198:
2069:
712:
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3265:
3541:
2716:
2532:
2169:
1929:
4907:
3466:
3450:
3323:
3089:
2870:
2686:
2384:
2190:
2061:
2819:
2712:
2528:
2388:
5099:
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1348:
1317:
3354:
2329:
1122:
571:
The federal, regional and local administrations in Rojava put much emphasis on promoting libraries and educational centers, to facilitate learning and social and artistic activities.
3703:
3454:
3327:
3093:
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2194:
2065:
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3195:
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3280:
3048:
3562:
3359:
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2497:
2358:
2334:
5228:
5203:
4962:
4947:
4917:
1801:
1765:
1740:
523:
Afrin Canton was under a blockade imposed by neighbouring Turkey, which placed high burdens on international import and export. For example, transportation of Aleppo soap to
3120:
3053:
2906:
2636:
2137:
1770:
1076:
308:, to the degree that the canton had been described as "homogeneously Kurdish". The overall population of Afrin Canton, based on the 2004 Syrian census, was about 200,000.
3996:
3125:
4290:
419:
3389:
2651:
1827:
2540:
1750:
1565:
3419:
3349:
2946:
2297:
2292:
564:
in
Kurdish and Arabic in secondary schooling. Curricula are a topic of continuous debate between the canton' Boards of Education and the Syrian central government in
5017:
4932:
4902:
3516:
3270:
3190:
1853:
2681:
4261:
3629:
3531:
3033:
1822:
4104:
3887:
3068:
3038:
2981:
2428:
1266:
4937:
4065:
1985:
1760:
1730:
4087:
3379:
2824:
2502:
2363:
2211:
1547:
560:
Like in the other Rojava cantons, primary education in the public schools is initially by mother tongue instruction either
Kurdish or Arabic, with the aim of
4922:
4897:
4092:
4070:
3135:
2077:
1909:
1879:
1796:
3678:
2834:
2550:
4995:
4912:
4276:
4248:
4082:
4057:
1884:
1874:
1858:
3200:
2961:
2886:
476:
fled from Afrin City before its capture by the SNA in March 2018, and the YPG vowed to retake it. The YPG subsequently announced its intention to start a
4362:
4266:
3639:
1672:
790:
3649:
2154:
1615:
276:) was declared in 2014. Afrin Canton in its latest form was established in 2017, however, as part of the reorganisation of Rojava's subdivisions. With
4271:
3018:
2901:
2619:
5007:
3130:
2809:
110:
4157:
3374:
3364:
1161:
3777:
2744:
2562:
1236:
1182:
326:, Afrin Canton served as a safe haven for refugees of all ethnicities, fleeing violence and destruction from civil war factions, in particular the
4256:
3719:
3665:
3611:
3384:
2174:
1904:
5042:
3897:
1899:
1484:
635:
734:
392:; Kurds in the early periods served as mercenaries and mounted archers. In any case, the Kurd Mountains were already Kurdish-inhabited when the
5114:
4145:
3917:
3693:
3429:
2814:
2226:
1352:
1321:
43:
3165:
3105:
2839:
2749:
5233:
4957:
3839:
3580:
3481:
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2122:
1126:
1010:
980:
946:
759:
3772:
3255:
4167:
3907:
3624:
2976:
2971:
1889:
1745:
327:
289:
212:
2132:
1413:
338:. According to a June 2016 estimate from the International Middle East Peace Research Center, about 316,000 displaced Syrians of Kurdish,
1208:
5124:
4319:
3511:
3028:
2854:
829:
2487:
2319:
1586:
5037:
5027:
4892:
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4836:
4218:
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3811:
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3434:
2107:
1945:
1786:
3275:
1505:
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5002:
4876:
4841:
4301:
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3285:
3073:
2936:
2724:
2691:
2314:
1894:
1755:
912:
481:
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5164:
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4011:
3619:
3404:
2164:
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1973:
1791:
1725:
1055:
859:
682:
2844:
1080:
5057:
4403:
4001:
3943:
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2411:
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4309:
3912:
3235:
3003:
2951:
2804:
2729:
2666:
2597:
1665:
1147:
1102:"Turkish forces shell Afrin countryside, killing and injuring about 16 most of them from the self-defense forces and Asayish"
449:
4413:
3486:
1291:
422:, which was formally declared on 29 January 2014. Until 2018, violence in Afrin was minor, involving artillery shelling by
5022:
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4636:
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4208:
3902:
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3409:
3225:
3175:
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1995:
5119:
5032:
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4393:
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3585:
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3155:
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2784:
2779:
2739:
2624:
2102:
2030:
415:
269:
997:
5223:
5218:
5109:
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4866:
4856:
4846:
4831:
4771:
4671:
4518:
4377:
4233:
4228:
4109:
3742:
3673:
3220:
3180:
3013:
2931:
2916:
2492:
2457:
2238:
2005:
1832:
4398:
4342:
1436:
1551:
5047:
4238:
3570:
3210:
3008:
2450:
2221:
2010:
1950:
403:"Kurdish Islam". In modern post-independence Syria, the Kurdish society of the canton was subject to heavy-handed
5150:
4464:
4337:
4132:
4047:
3868:
3634:
3506:
3250:
3205:
3110:
2941:
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2406:
2401:
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2142:
1658:
240:
173:
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3501:
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3300:
3145:
2966:
2671:
2368:
2309:
1919:
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4408:
4367:
4357:
4182:
4152:
4006:
3927:
3732:
3595:
3424:
3414:
3160:
3140:
2926:
2676:
2646:
2629:
2507:
2159:
683:"YPG start retreating from Afrin city center after they abandoned and burned their headquarters in the city"
595:
1399:
4985:
3922:
3727:
3688:
3339:
3290:
3245:
3215:
2829:
2789:
2764:
2754:
2612:
2587:
2477:
2440:
2416:
2216:
1463:
1373:
804:
285:
5213:
3369:
2849:
2040:
2015:
1914:
1641:
1616:"Afrin University students continuing their studies at Rojava's University - ANHA | HAWARNEWS | English"
1244:
962:
928:
4972:
4611:
4372:
4198:
4172:
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3230:
3043:
2794:
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2423:
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889:
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377:
966:
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4123:
4032:
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2258:
1817:
1590:
1240:
1006:
976:
970:
942:
936:
908:
833:
784:
542:
the borders, and the war; local tourism mostly collapsed during the
Turkish invasion of 2018.
477:
335:
97:
837:
520:
2017, 400 textile industry workshops counted 17,000 employees, supplying the whole of Syria.
4766:
4756:
4736:
4726:
4631:
4621:
4616:
4554:
4513:
4498:
4203:
3853:
3737:
3063:
2986:
2572:
2396:
2351:
2302:
2285:
2280:
2127:
2092:
1720:
1681:
1594:
881:
536:
493:
473:
411:
323:
224:
70:
414:, Damascus government forces pulled back from the canton in spring 2012 to give way to the
311:
Cities and towns with more than 10,000 inhabitants according to the 2004 Syrian census are
4781:
4686:
4661:
4584:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4508:
4503:
4075:
3170:
2991:
2557:
2324:
2147:
2020:
1924:
1213:
1166:
600:
561:
469:
423:
385:
359:
232:
882:
365:
5012:
4721:
4691:
4641:
4626:
4606:
4594:
4579:
4564:
4488:
4449:
3801:
2582:
2467:
2341:
2243:
2087:
381:
347:
305:
265:
5197:
4776:
4741:
4696:
4666:
4646:
4601:
4589:
4436:
4213:
2567:
2482:
2117:
615:
4706:
4681:
4656:
4651:
4459:
4097:
4042:
1123:"Turkey strikes Kurdish city of Afrin northern Syria, civilian casualties reported"
610:
453:
445:
312:
281:
277:
273:
160:
83:
56:
30:
1267:"Agriculture Commission is Looking at the Process of Receiving Wheat from Farmers"
636:"Turkish-backed rebels poised to encircle Afrin city after days of swift advances"
5104:
4786:
4716:
4701:
4676:
512:
404:
293:
4469:
1441:
5179:
5166:
1033:
661:"The Constitution of the Rojava Cantons; Personal Website of Mutlu Civiroglu"
4761:
1162:"'Nothing is ours anymore': Kurds forced out of Afrin after Turkish assault"
1016:
502:
369:
292:. The government of the Afrin Region now administers only the area around
4479:
4427:
583:
565:
393:
331:
316:
389:
373:
1209:"11 killed in bomb blast as Syria's Afrin falls to pro-Turkish forces"
1715:
1101:
1077:"Nusra militants shell Kurdish areas in Syria's Afrin, Kurds respond"
605:
555:
497:
427:
400:
339:
257:
1437:"Day trippers flock to Afrin's orchards as Aleppo restores security"
376:
were settled by Kurds since antiquity. According to
Kurdish scholar
1650:
1710:
1506:"Hassakeh: Syriac Language to Be Taught in PYD-controlled Schools"
501:
432:
304:
The population of the Afrin Canton area was overwhelmingly ethnic
261:
343:
280:
as its administrative centre, the canton was part of the larger
4813:
4543:
3969:
1971:
1951:
Relations between Syrian government and
Kurdish groups in Syria
1692:
1654:
1485:"After 52-year ban, Syrian Kurds now taught Kurdish in schools"
1148:"Kurds locked out of Afrin as Ghouta refugees take their place"
399:
The area around Afrin developed as the center of a distinctive
1566:"Kurds establish university in Rojava amid Syrian instability"
251:
5095:
380:, there is reason to believe that Kurdish settlements in the
1183:"Syrian civilians flee embattled Eastern Ghouta and Afrin"
1005:(1. publ. ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 100â101.
735:"Rojava's Sustainability and the YPG's Regional Strategy"
574:
Afrin Canton had an institution of higher education, the
5100:
International recognition of the Syrian
National Council
884:
Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale
705:"Turkey's forces capture Syrian Kurdish town of Afrin"
4163:
1548:"Kurds introduce own curriculum at schools of Rojava"
805:"Serious allegations against the Turkish government"
5082:
5066:
4971:
4885:
4824:
4478:
4435:
4426:
4386:
4328:
4300:
4289:
4247:
4191:
4131:
4122:
4056:
4020:
3987:
3980:
3936:
3877:
3838:
3820:
3791:
3762:
3751:
3712:
3658:
3604:
3555:
3443:
3316:
3082:
2863:
2705:
2521:
2377:
2183:
2054:
1984:
1938:
1867:
1846:
1810:
1802:
Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war
1779:
1703:
905:
A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan
194:
107:
94:
80:
66:
52:
18:
48:Afrin Canton was part of the Afrin Region (orange)
1349:"Will Syria's Kurds succeed at self-sufficiency?"
1318:"Will Syria's Kurds succeed at self-sufficiency?"
420:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
3360:Syrian Liberation FrontâTahrir al-Sham conflict
3271:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate
1854:International reactions to the Syrian civil war
1292:"Famous Aleppo soap victim of Syria's conflict"
1049:
1047:
418:(YPG) and autonomous self-government under the
288:in early 2018, Afrin Canton became part of the
1771:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017âpresent)
1343:
1341:
1339:
1237:"Afrin is building its economy on agriculture"
5209:States and territories disestablished in 2018
1666:
1034:"SYRIA: The Silenced Kurds; Vol. 8, No. 4(E)"
634:Walid Al Nofal; Tariq Adely (12 March 2018).
350:ethnicity lived in Afrin Canton at the time.
272:(YPG) around 2012 and an "Afrin Canton" (now
8:
2513:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (DecâJan)
1910:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria
1797:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war
1125:. ARA News. 19 February 2016. Archived from
5053:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
2293:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012â2013)
1859:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war
999:Syria's kurds history, politics and society
388:, since those regions stood in the path to
5229:States and territories established in 2016
5204:States and territories established in 2017
5048:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal
4821:
4810:
4540:
4432:
4297:
4128:
3997:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party â Syria Region
3984:
3977:
3966:
3759:
3196:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (AprâMay)
2957:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (AprâMay)
1981:
1968:
1700:
1689:
1673:
1659:
1651:
1464:"Education in Rojava after the revolution"
1079:. ARA News. 30 August 2015. Archived from
1056:"Afrin and the Race for the Azaz Corridor"
396:broke out at the end of the 11th century.
42:
15:
4928:International demonstrations and protests
3034:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack
2330:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012âFeb 2013)
1374:"Rojava: The Economic Branches in Detail"
5074:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany
4158:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution
1351:. Al-Monitor. 3 May 2016. Archived from
1320:. Al-Monitor. 3 May 2016. Archived from
2138:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)
1905:US intervention in the Syrian civil war
1054:Thomas Schmidinger (24 February 2016).
626:
556:Rojava § Education, media, culture
51:
3542:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19âMar 20)
2820:Northwestern Syria offensive (OctâNov)
1550:. Ara News. 2015-10-02. Archived from
789:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
782:
5043:Idlib demilitarization (2018âpresent)
3830:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike
3650:Tahrir al-ShamâJunud al-Sham conflict
3390:Southern Damascus offensive (AprâMay)
3355:Southern Damascus offensive (JanâFeb)
3266:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17âFeb 18)
3256:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17âMar 18)
1508:. The Syrian Observer. 3 October 2016
407:policies by the Damascus government.
127:
123:
106:
93:
79:
75:
61:
7:
4168:Syrian Revolution General Commission
3908:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria
2687:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field
1890:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
1642:Map of majority ethnicities in Syria
830:"1,150 emigrants enter Afrin canton"
330:(ISIL) and the diverse more or less
328:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
290:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
244:
213:Turkish occupation of northern Syria
5125:Syrian civil war in popular culture
5018:UN Security Council Resolution 2118
2947:Northern Aleppo offensive (MarâJun)
2637:Northern Aleppo offensive (FebâJul)
2620:First Battle of the Shaer gas field
1527:"Revolutionary Education in Rojava"
236:
228:
5028:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement
4219:Authenticity and Development Front
3893:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown
3888:December 2011 Turkish border clash
3679:Ahrar al-ShamâLevant Front clashes
3136:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)
3049:Western al-Bab offensive (OctâNov)
2907:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (FebâMar)
2175:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres
1946:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
1900:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria
1787:Casualties of the Syrian civil war
1587:"Afrin University is opened today"
996:Tejel, Jordi; Welle, Jane (2009).
972:The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview
938:The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview
568:, which partly pays the teachers.
98:Administrative divisions of Rojava
14:
3918:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident
3859:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut
3812:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike
3380:Northern Homs offensive (AprâMay)
3365:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)
3106:Wadi Barada offensive (2016â2017)
2972:May Jableh & Tartous bombings
2922:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
2887:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
2840:East Aleppo offensive (2015â2016)
2227:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)
1895:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone
1435:Khaled al-Khateb (26 July 2018).
836:. 18 October 2016. Archived from
482:SDF insurgency in Northern Aleppo
460:Afrin Canton was captured by the
5146:
5145:
4862:2017 Northern regional elections
4494:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria
4105:RussiaâSyriaâIranâIraq coalition
3620:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah
3517:Turkish offensive into northeast
3497:Northwestern offensive (AprâAug)
3385:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)
3054:Khan al-Shih offensive (OctâNov)
2897:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings
2165:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush
2046:2010s in Syria political history
1792:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
1593:. 9 October 2016. Archived from
1414:"Bio-Seife aus dem Kriegsgebiet"
860:"Will Afrin be the next Kobani?"
809:Gesellschaft fĂŒr bedrohte Völker
480:in Afrin Canton, leading to the
206:
199:
178:
153:
5058:Syrian Constitutional Committee
4404:International Freedom Battalion
4002:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
3400:Deir ez-Zor offensive (MayâJun)
3350:Rif Dimashq offensive (FebâApr)
3296:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (SepâNov)
3151:East Aleppo offensive (JanâApr)
3126:Deir ez-Zor offensive (JanâFeb)
3116:Desert campaign (Dec 16âApr 17)
2982:Rif Dimashq offensive (JunâOct)
2962:Rif Dimashq offensive (AprâMay)
2902:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)
2770:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing
2652:Rif Dimashq offensive (AugâNov)
2498:Rif Dimashq offensive (SepâNov)
2429:Rif Dimashq offensive (MarâAug)
2298:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)
2133:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011â2014)
2108:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation
1416:. Der Spiegel. 13 February 2016
1243:. 8 August 2016. Archived from
3913:Assassination of Andrei Karlov
3783:May 2018 IsraelâIran incidents
3482:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor
3226:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)
3029:September Deir ez-Zor air raid
3019:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)
2977:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)
2967:Northern Raqqa offensive (May)
2855:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown
663:. civiroglu.net. 28 April 2014
268:fell under the control of the
29:One of the two cantons of the
1:
4857:2017 Northern local elections
4847:2015 Northern local elections
4209:National Front for Liberation
4146:Local Coordination Committees
3694:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)
3532:Israeli missile strikes (Nov)
3176:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack
2473:Khan al-Assal chemical attack
2269:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing
2083:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
1868:Specific groups and countries
322:Throughout the course of the
96:âą Reorganisation of the
5234:2016 establishments in Syria
5120:2015 European migrant crisis
4394:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
3286:Euphrates Crossing offensive
2780:Western al-Hasakah offensive
2740:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
2608:Qalamoun offensive (JunâAug)
2364:Quneitra Governorate clashes
2103:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh
2031:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
1780:Effects and ongoing concerns
1181:Al Jazeera (16 March 2018).
468:(SNA) as result of the 2018
444:fighters at the building in
256:) was one of the cantons of
252:
5008:U.S.âRussia peace proposals
4963:Syrian government reactions
4953:Status of the Golan Heights
4948:Sectarianism and minorities
4872:2020 parliamentary election
4852:2016 parliamentary election
4837:2012 parliamentary election
4772:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid
4672:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni
4519:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
4378:Northern Democratic Brigade
4234:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria
4229:Revolutionary Commando Army
4110:Popular Mobilization Forces
3898:2012 Turkish border clashes
3487:DĂȘrik prison escape attempt
2892:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)
2845:2015â2016 Latakia offensive
2815:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)
2810:Palmyra offensive (JulâAug)
2697:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)
2682:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict
2458:Bayda and Baniyas massacres
1766:Sectarianism and minorities
1741:Syrian government reactions
22:Kantona EfrĂźnĂȘ/Ù
Ùۧ۷ŰčŰ© ŰčÙ۱ÙÙ
5250:
5003:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan
4877:2021 presidential election
4842:2014 presidential election
4088:medical facility targeting
3944:Deir ez-Zor missile strike
3903:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings
3822:Jordanian border incidents
3467:Idlib inter-rebel conflict
3405:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)
3281:Eastern campaign (SepâDec)
3069:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)
3039:Aleppo offensive (SepâOct)
3009:Operation Euphrates Shield
2937:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
2825:Aleppo offensive (OctâDec)
2750:Battle of Sarrin (JunâJul)
2745:Battle of Sarrin (MarâApr)
2692:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin
2541:First Inter-rebel conflict
2503:Aleppo offensive (OctâDec)
2412:Raqqa campaign (2012â2013)
2315:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan
1189:. Al Jazeera Media Network
975:. Routledge. p. 114.
941:. Routledge. p. 116.
907:. Zed Books. p. 196.
549:
534:
491:
357:
5141:
4820:
4809:
4550:
4539:
4465:Group of the One and Only
4445:Military activity of ISIL
4338:People's Protection Units
4320:Smaller political parties
4291:Autonomous Administration
4048:Palestine Liberation Army
3976:
3965:
3581:Idlib Governorate clashes
3507:Hass refugee camp bombing
3395:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)
3231:Jobar offensive (JunâAug)
3206:Maskanah Plains offensive
3201:Desert campaign (MayâJul)
3131:Daraa offensive (FebâJun)
2603:Second siege of Wadi Deif
2598:Kafr Zita chemical attack
2563:Daraa offensive (FebâMay)
2434:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl
2170:Idlib Governorate clashes
2155:Daraa Governorate clashes
2123:Jabal al-Zawiya operation
1980:
1967:
1699:
1688:
1568:. Kurdistan24. 2016-07-07
1529:. New Compass. 2015-02-17
903:Chaliand, GĂ©rard (1993).
862:. Al-Monitor. 9 June 2016
416:People's Protection Units
270:People's Protection Units
174:Syrian Interim Government
132:
128:
124:
120:
76:
62:
41:
36:
28:
4455:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army
4399:Kurdistan Workers' Party
4343:Women's Protection Units
4315:Kurdish National Council
3764:Israel and Golan Heights
3635:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
3477:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani
3236:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
3191:April Turkish airstrikes
3166:Hama offensive (MarâApr)
2999:Southern Aleppo campaign
2942:Battle of Qamishli (Apr)
2835:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)
2805:Quneitra offensive (Jun)
2735:Southern Syria Offensive
2369:Talbiseh bakery massacre
2320:First siege of Wadi Deif
2310:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz
2207:January al-Midan bombing
1939:Agreements and dialogues
1920:Syrian Democratic Forces
1487:. Al-Monitor. 2015-11-06
82:âą Formation of the
4933:International reactions
4918:Human rights violations
4409:Sinjar Resistance Units
4368:Syriac Military Council
4358:Army of Revolutionaries
4293:of North and East Syria
4153:Syrian National Council
4007:Arab Socialist Movement
3928:Operation Spring Shield
3869:Qalamoun (JulâAug 2017)
3849:Lebanese border clashes
3743:Northern border clashes
3704:Northwest clashes (Dec)
3684:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes
3586:Kafr-Takharim airstrike
3435:Northern border clashes
3156:March Damascus bombings
3121:Idlib clashes (JanâMar)
3074:Palmyra offensive (Dec)
2952:Palmyra offensive (Mar)
2785:Palmyra offensive (May)
2630:Battle of Tabqa Airbase
2625:Eastern Syria offensive
2508:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah
1644:by Gulf2000 project of
1378:cooperativeeconomy.info
596:Federalization of Syria
472:. Tens of thousands of
5110:Syrian detainee report
4996:UN supervision mission
4986:Friends of Syria Group
4908:Damaged heritage sites
4310:Democratic Union Party
4262:Jordanian intervention
4183:Syrian Patriotic Group
4012:Syrian Communist Party
3923:2020 Balyun airstrikes
3778:February 2018 incident
3425:Qamishli clashes (Sep)
3340:Operation Olive Branch
3181:Shayrat missile strike
3014:Aleppo summer campaign
3004:Battle of al-Rai (Aug)
2917:February Homs bombings
2775:Battle of Yarmouk Camp
2765:Second Battle of Idlib
2478:Khan al-Assal massacre
2441:Ghouta chemical attack
1823:Early insurgency phase
963:Kreyenbroek, Philip G.
929:Kreyenbroek, Philip G.
880:Dussaud, René (1927).
507:
457:
286:Operation Olive Branch
86:(then "Afrin Canton")
5115:Syrian media coverage
4991:Kofi Annan peace plan
4414:ĂzĂźdxan Women's Units
4363:SDF military councils
4093:military intervention
4066:Hezbollah involvement
4021:Military and militias
3864:North Lebanon clashes
3625:Missile strikes (Jan)
3512:Missile strikes (Aug)
3430:Missile strikes (Sep)
3375:Missile strikes (Apr)
3370:Douma chemical attack
3221:Daraa offensive (Jun)
2912:Al-Shaddadi offensive
2850:Tishrin Dam offensive
2730:Daraa Offensive (Jan)
2725:Air Force An-26 crash
2667:Daraa offensive (Oct)
2551:Deir ez-Zor offensive
2417:Battle of Raqqa (Mar)
2217:First Battle of Idlib
2041:Human rights in Syria
1915:Kurdish Area in Syria
1731:Background and causes
888:. Geuthner. pp.
685:. syria.liveuamap.com
535:Further information:
525:international markets
505:
498:Rojava § Economy
436:
410:In the course of the
5023:Geneva II conference
4981:Arab League monitors
4958:Spillover in Lebanon
4867:2018 local elections
4832:2011 local elections
4612:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
4373:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa
4199:Syrian National Army
4173:Syrian Support Group
3699:Operation Claw-Sword
3674:Battle of al-Hasakah
3420:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)
3261:Hama offensive (Sep)
3111:January Azaz bombing
3024:5 September bombings
2795:Tell Abyad offensive
2593:Battle of Al-Malihah
2493:Battle of Tell Abyad
2488:Battle of Ras al-Ayn
2239:May Battle of Rastan
2036:Damascus Declaration
1880:Russian intervention
1838:Syrian peace process
1828:2012â2013 escalation
1811:Phases and processes
1751:Inter-rebel conflict
1736:Syrian peace process
1400:"Rojava'dan ikazlar"
739:Washington Institute
466:Syrian National Army
448:that had hosted the
334:rebel groups of the
5180:36.5280°N 37.9540°E
5176: /
4913:Foreign involvement
4792:Abdurrahman Mustafa
4747:Yassin al-Haj Saleh
4712:Abdul Halim Khaddam
4224:Army of Free Tribes
4192:Opposition militias
4083:Russian involvement
4071:Iranian involvement
4028:Syrian Armed Forces
3807:Operation al-Shabah
3773:March 2017 incident
3492:Tell Rifaat clashes
3308:Beit Jinn offensive
3301:Abu Kamal offensive
3241:Idlib clashes (Jul)
3211:East Hama offensive
2932:Battle of Tel Abyad
2672:Al-Safira offensive
2662:Homs school bombing
2451:Battle of al-Qusayr
2446:Al-Qusayr offensive
2249:Battle of al-Haffah
2222:Battle of al-Qusayr
2098:May Talkalakh siege
2006:Corrective Movement
1885:Turkish involvement
1875:Russian involvement
1646:Columbia University
1104:. SOHR. 9 July 2016
576:University of Afrin
462:Turkish Land Forces
452:-led government of
378:Ismet Cheriff Vanly
372:and the plain near
5224:Aleppo Governorate
5219:Autonomous regions
4732:Ali Mahmoud Othman
4178:Adopt a Revolution
4141:National Coalition
4133:Interim government
3733:Damascus airstrike
3640:US airstrike (Jun)
3630:US airstrike (Feb)
3596:Deir ez-Zor ambush
3537:Qah missile strike
3415:As-Suwayda attacks
3410:Southern offensive
3251:Qalamoun (JulâAug)
3161:Al-Jinah airstrike
2927:Khanasir offensive
2647:Quneitra offensive
2407:Damascus offensive
2402:Battle of Shadadeh
2264:Battle of Damascus
2254:Al-Qubeir massacre
2232:Battle of Taftanaz
2143:Battle of Zabadani
1083:on August 30, 2015
1038:Human Rights Watch
840:on 29 October 2016
552:Education in Syria
517:Aleppo governorate
508:
458:
5159:
5158:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5090:Exclusive mandate
5067:War crimes trials
5038:2016 Geneva talks
4805:
4804:
4797:Fadlallah al-Haji
4752:Bouthaina Shaaban
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4422:
4421:
4353:Al-Sanadid Forces
4348:Anti-Terror Units
4285:
4284:
4118:
4117:
4033:Syrian Resistance
3989:Politics of Syria
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3728:Al-Sukhnah attack
3689:Jarqli airstrikes
3571:COVID-19 pandemic
3527:November bombings
3345:Battle of Khasham
3291:Mayadin offensive
3276:Battle of Harasta
3146:Palmyra offensive
2830:Al-Hawl offensive
2790:Qamishli bombings
2588:Latakia Offensive
2546:Battle of Markada
2359:Battle of Darayya
2335:Battle of Darayya
2259:Battle of Tremseh
2078:Syrian Revolution
2011:Islamist uprising
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1818:Syrian revolution
1761:Cities and towns
1620:www.hawarnews.com
1591:Hawar News Agency
1466:. ANF. 2016-05-16
1380:. 14 January 2017
1241:Hawar News Agency
1012:978-0-203-89211-4
982:978-1-134-90766-3
948:978-1-134-90766-3
834:Hawar News Agency
580:Rojava University
336:Syrian opposition
284:. As a result of
250:
218:
217:
190:
189:
186:
185:
166:
165:
5241:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5185:36.5280; 37.9540
5181:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5149:
5148:
4923:Humanitarian aid
4903:Chemical weapons
4898:Cities and towns
4822:
4811:
4767:Fadwa Souleimane
4757:Abdulbaset Sieda
4737:Ibrahim Qashoush
4727:Ali Habib Mahmud
4637:Hamza al-Khateeb
4632:Kamal al-Labwani
4622:Haitham al-Maleh
4617:Suheil al-Hassan
4555:Ammar Abdulhamid
4541:
4514:Malhama Tactical
4499:Caucasus Emirate
4433:
4298:
4204:Free Syrian Army
4129:
3985:
3978:
3967:
3760:
3717:
3663:
3609:
3591:Ayn Issa clashes
3560:
3448:
3321:
3246:Central campaign
3141:Qaboun offensive
3087:
3064:Battle of al-Bab
2987:Manbij offensive
2868:
2710:
2573:Al-Otaiba ambush
2526:
2397:Battle of Safira
2382:
2352:Halfaya massacre
2303:Darayya massacre
2286:Siege of Base 46
2281:Battle of Anadan
2276:Battle of Aleppo
2212:Battle of Rastan
2188:
2160:Battle of Rastan
2128:Siege of Latakia
2093:Siege of Baniyas
2059:
2016:Latakia protests
1982:
1969:
1721:Syrian civil war
1701:
1690:
1682:Syrian civil war
1675:
1668:
1661:
1652:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1345:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1298:. 4 October 2012
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1247:on 8 August 2016
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1015:. Archived from
1004:
993:
987:
986:
959:
953:
952:
925:
919:
918:
900:
894:
893:
887:
877:
871:
870:
868:
867:
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
826:
820:
819:
817:
816:
801:
795:
794:
788:
780:
778:
777:
771:
765:. Archived from
764:
756:
750:
749:
747:
746:
731:
725:
724:
722:
720:
715:on 18 March 2018
711:. Archived from
701:
695:
694:
692:
690:
679:
673:
672:
670:
668:
657:
651:
650:
648:
646:
631:
537:Tourism in Syria
494:Economy of Syria
474:Kurdish refugees
438:Turkish soldiers
412:Syrian civil war
324:Syrian Civil War
255:
253:PelqÄ dha-Ê»Afrin
249:romanized:
248:
246:
241:Classical Syriac
238:
230:
211:
210:
209:
204:
203:
202:
182:
181:
170:
169:
157:
156:
150:
149:
134:
133:
111:Seizure of Afrin
71:Syrian Civil War
46:
16:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5194:
5193:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5155:
5129:
5078:
5062:
4967:
4881:
4816:
4801:
4782:Razan Zaitouneh
4687:Burhan Ghalioun
4662:Ammar al-Qurabi
4570:al-Assad family
4560:Ali al-Abdallah
4546:
4523:
4509:Junud al-Makhdi
4504:Ajnad al-Kavkaz
4474:
4418:
4382:
4324:
4302:DFNS Government
4292:
4281:
4257:US intervention
4249:Foreign support
4243:
4187:
4114:
4076:Liwa Fatemiyoun
4058:Foreign support
4052:
4043:al-Quds Brigade
4016:
3972:
3949:
3932:
3873:
3854:Battle of Sidon
3834:
3816:
3787:
3747:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3216:Battle of Raqqa
3171:Battle of Tabqa
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3044:Dabiq offensive
2992:Tokhar massacre
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2800:KobanĂź massacre
2760:Idlib Offensive
2755:Battle of Bosra
2715:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2657:Siege of KobanĂź
2613:Battle of Arsal
2578:Idlib offensive
2558:Battle of Morek
2531:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2424:Daraa offensive
2387:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2325:Battle of Harem
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2148:Battle of Douma
2068:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2021:Damascus Spring
1976:
1955:
1934:
1930:U.S. task force
1925:Rojava conflict
1863:
1842:
1806:
1775:
1695:
1684:
1679:
1638:
1633:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1600:
1598:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1554:on 6 June 2017.
1546:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1217:. 19 March 2018
1214:Middle East Eye
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1167:TheGuardian.com
1160:
1159:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1130:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1002:
995:
994:
990:
983:
961:
960:
956:
949:
927:
926:
922:
915:
902:
901:
897:
879:
878:
874:
865:
863:
858:
857:
853:
843:
841:
828:
827:
823:
814:
812:
811:. 2 August 2016
803:
802:
798:
781:
775:
773:
769:
762:
760:"Archived copy"
758:
757:
753:
744:
742:
741:. 2 August 2016
733:
732:
728:
718:
716:
709:Washington Post
703:
702:
698:
688:
686:
681:
680:
676:
666:
664:
659:
658:
654:
644:
642:
633:
632:
628:
624:
601:Rojava conflict
592:
558:
548:
539:
533:
500:
490:
470:Afrin offensive
456:, 18 March 2018
424:Jabhat al-Nusra
386:Seleucid Empire
384:go back to the
362:
360:Rojava conflict
356:
302:
207:
205:
200:
198:
179:
154:
113:
100:
87:
47:
24:
23:
12:
11:
5:
5247:
5245:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5196:
5195:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5086:
5084:
5083:Related topics
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5013:39th G8 summit
5010:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4818:
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4722:Bassma Kodmani
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4709:
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4692:Razan Ghazzawi
4689:
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4642:Tal al-Mallohi
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4624:
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4609:
4607:Anwar al-Bunni
4604:
4599:
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4595:Hafez Makhlouf
4592:
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4565:Adnan al-Aroor
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4489:Tahrir al-Sham
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3802:Akashat ambush
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3472:Manbij bombing
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3186:Aleppo bombing
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3059:Raqqa campaign
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2642:Hama Offensive
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2583:Battle of Hosn
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2468:Hatla massacre
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2463:Hama offensive
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2347:Hama offensive
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2342:Aqrab massacre
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2244:Houla massacre
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2088:Siege of Daraa
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2052:
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2048:
2043:
2038:
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2028:
2026:Qamishli riots
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2018:
2013:
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1847:World reaction
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1704:Main overviews
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1636:External links
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1296:YourMiddleEast
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1170:. 7 June 2018.
1153:
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1025:
1022:on 2016-03-04.
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426:as well as by
382:Kurd Mountains
368:, the area of
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266:Afrin District
229:Kantona EfrĂźnĂȘ
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67:Historical era
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4973:Peace process
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4777:Yaser Tabbara
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4742:Dawoud Rajiha
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4697:Ghassan Hitto
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4667:Suheir Atassi
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4647:Fida al-Sayed
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4602:Riad al-Asaad
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4590:Rami Makhlouf
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4437:Islamic State
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4214:Army of Glory
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3645:Daraa clashes
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3576:Afrin bombing
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3547:US airstrikes
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2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:Maan massacre
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
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2499:
2496:
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2489:
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2483:Adra massacre
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
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2119:
2118:Siege of Homs
2116:
2114:
2113:Siege of Hama
2111:
2109:
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2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
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1898:
1896:
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1891:
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1886:
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1870:
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1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:Belligerents
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
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1719:
1717:
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1597:on 2016-10-18
1596:
1592:
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1406:
1402:. Cumhuriyet.
1401:
1395:
1392:
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1375:
1369:
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1355:on 2016-05-08
1354:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1324:on 2016-05-08
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1272:
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1188:
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1177:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1129:on 2016-11-03
1128:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1001:
1000:
992:
989:
984:
978:
974:
973:
968:
967:Sperl, Stefan
964:
958:
955:
950:
944:
940:
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933:Sperl, Stefan
930:
924:
921:
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914:9781856491945
910:
906:
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886:
885:
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855:
852:
839:
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810:
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800:
797:
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772:on 2015-12-08
768:
761:
755:
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736:
730:
727:
714:
710:
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700:
697:
684:
678:
675:
662:
656:
653:
641:
637:
630:
627:
621:
617:
616:Jazira Region
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
589:
587:
585:
581:
577:
572:
569:
567:
563:
557:
553:
545:
543:
538:
530:
528:
526:
521:
518:
514:
504:
499:
495:
487:
485:
483:
479:
478:guerrilla war
475:
471:
467:
463:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
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406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
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364:According to
361:
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
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329:
325:
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318:
315:(36,562) and
314:
309:
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299:
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291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
242:
234:
226:
222:
214:
197:
195:Today part of
193:
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175:
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151:
148:
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144:
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27:
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5214:Afrin Region
5161:
5033:Vienna talks
4707:Randa Kassis
4682:Farid Ghadry
4657:Khaled Khoja
4652:Riad al-Turk
4460:Liwa al-Aqsa
4330:SDF militias
4272:Saudi Arabia
4098:Wagner Group
3971:Belligerents
3753:
3714:
3660:
3606:
3557:
3522:Barisha raid
3445:
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1986:
1623:. Retrieved
1619:
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1271:Afrin Canton
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1245:the original
1231:
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1081:the original
1071:
1060:. Retrieved
1058:. Newsdeeply
1037:
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713:the original
708:
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687:. Retrieved
677:
665:. Retrieved
655:
643:. Retrieved
640:Syria Direct
639:
629:
611:Afrin Region
573:
570:
562:bilingualism
559:
540:
522:
509:
459:
409:
398:
366:René Dussaud
363:
321:
310:
303:
300:Demographics
282:Afrin Region
274:Afrin Region
237:Ù
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221:Afrin Canton
220:
219:
161:Afrin Region
143:Succeeded by
142:
137:
84:Afrin Region
31:Afrin Region
19:Afrin Canton
5183: /
5105:Syria Files
4787:Rami Jarrah
4717:Michel Kilo
4702:Salim Idris
4677:Aref Dalila
4450:Dokumacılar
4239:Grey Wolves
3738:Hama attack
645:16 December
513:Aleppo soap
506:Aleppo soap
405:Arabization
294:Tell Rifaat
245:ÜŠÜ Ü©Ü ÜÜ„ÜŠÜȘÜÜą
138:Preceded by
5198:Categories
5171:37°57âČ14âłE
5168:36°31âČ41âłN
4893:Casualties
4482:and allies
4470:Liwa Dawud
4124:Opposition
3937:Elsewhere:
2677:Idlib Raid
1987:Background
1833:Ceasefires
1625:2020-06-20
1601:2016-10-18
1572:2016-07-07
1533:2016-05-10
1512:2016-10-05
1491:2016-05-18
1470:2016-06-10
1442:al-Monitor
1384:16 January
1359:2018-01-24
1251:23 October
1187:Al Jazeera
1133:2016-10-23
1108:2016-10-23
1087:2016-10-23
1062:2016-10-23
866:2016-10-18
844:18 October
815:2016-10-18
776:2015-12-19
745:2016-10-18
667:23 October
622:References
550:See also:
492:See also:
454:the region
358:See also:
319:(13,661).
4938:Massacres
4825:Elections
4762:Riad Seif
4428:Islamists
3754:Spillover
2001:1966 coup
1996:1963 coup
1756:Spillover
1726:Timeline
1694:Overviews
1420:6 October
1328:6 October
1302:6 October
546:Education
370:Kurd-Dagh
37:2017â2018
5151:Category
4943:Refugees
4480:al-Qaeda
1974:Timeline
1221:19 March
969:(2005).
935:(2005).
785:cite web
719:18 March
689:18 March
590:See also
584:Qamishli
566:Damascus
394:Crusades
332:Islamist
317:Jindires
4815:Related
4387:Support
4038:PFLP-GC
3840:Lebanon
3720:Jan-Dec
3666:JanâDec
3612:JanâDec
3563:JanâDec
3459:SepâDec
3455:MayâAug
3451:JanâApr
3332:SepâDec
3328:MayâAug
3324:JanâApr
3098:SepâDec
3094:MayâAug
3090:JanâApr
2879:SepâDec
2875:MayâAug
2871:JanâApr
2717:AugâDec
2713:JanâJul
2533:AugâDec
2529:JanâJul
2389:MayâDec
2385:JanâApr
2199:SepâDec
2195:MayâAug
2191:JanâApr
2070:SepâDec
2066:MayâAug
2062:JanâApr
1448:29 July
1276:13 June
1040:. 1996.
531:Tourism
488:Economy
390:Antioch
374:Antioch
354:History
348:Turkmen
306:Kurdish
225:Kurdish
109:âą
53:Capital
4886:Issues
4585:Rifaat
4575:Bashar
4545:People
4277:Turkey
3946:(Iran)
3879:Turkey
1716:Rojava
1009:
979:
945:
911:
606:Rojava
428:Turkey
340:Yazidi
258:Rojava
233:Arabic
4580:Maher
4267:Qatar
3981:Syria
1711:Syria
1193:2 May
1020:(PDF)
1003:(PDF)
770:(PDF)
763:(PDF)
446:Afrin
313:Afrin
278:Afrin
262:Syria
57:Afrin
3793:Iraq
3715:2023
3661:2022
3607:2021
3558:2020
3446:2019
3319:2018
3085:2017
2866:2016
2708:2015
2524:2014
2380:2013
2186:2012
2057:2011
1450:2018
1422:2016
1386:2017
1330:2016
1304:2016
1278:2015
1253:2010
1223:2018
1195:2018
1007:ISBN
977:ISBN
943:ISBN
909:ISBN
846:2016
791:link
721:2018
691:2018
669:2014
647:2020
554:and
496:and
464:and
440:and
401:Sufi
346:and
344:Arab
116:2018
103:2017
90:2014
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450:PYD
442:SNA
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
