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than are open in the resting state, many of which do not close immediately when the membrane returns to its normal resting voltage. This can lead to an "undershoot" of the membrane potential to values that are more polarized ("hyperpolarized") than was the original resting membrane potential.
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R. Andrade, R.C. Foehring, and A.V. Tzingounis, Essential role for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the expression, regulation, and gating of the slow afterhyperpolarization current in the cerebral cortex, Frontiers in
Cellular Neuroscience 6:47
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N. Gu, K. Vervaeke, H. Hu, and J.F. Storm, Kv7/KCNQ/M and HCN/h, but not KCa2/SK channels, contribute to the somatic medium afterhyperpolarization and excitability control in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells, Journal of
Physiology 566:689-715
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that open in response to the influx of Ca during the action potential carry much of the K current as the membrane potential becomes more negative. The K permeability of the membrane is transiently unusually high, driving the membrane voltage
227:. This mechanism is proposed to be functionally important to maintain the spiking of these neurons at a defined phase of the theta cycle, that, in turn, is thought to contribute to encoding of new memories by the
161:. AHPs have been segregated into "fast", "medium", and "slow" components that appear to have distinct ionic mechanisms and durations. While fast and medium AHPs can be generated by single action potentials,
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M. Shah, and D. G. Haylett. Ca2+ Channels
Involved in the Generation of the Slow Afterhyperpolarization in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons. J Neurophysiol 83: 2554-2561, 2000.
294:
Kim JH, Sizov I, Dobretsov M, von
Gersdorff H (2007). "Presynaptic Ca buffers control the strength of a fast post-tetanic hyperpolarization mediated by the α3 Na/K-ATPase".
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Klink R, Alonso A (July 1993). "Ionic mechanisms for the subthreshold oscillations and differential electroresponsiveness of medial entorhinal cortex layer II neurons".
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Medium and slow AHP currents also occur in neurons. The ionic mechanisms underlying medium and slow AHPs are not yet well understood, but may also involve
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The afterhyperpolarized (sAHP) state can be followed by an afterdepolarized state (which is not to be confused with the cardiac
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recording of an action potential, showing the various phases that occur as the voltage wave passes a point on a cell
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Gulledge AT, Dasari S, Onoue K, Stephens EK, Hasse JM, Avesar D (2013).
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generally develop only during trains of multiple action potentials.
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421:Kovács KA (September 2020).
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