661:
303:
46:
202:
613:—in other words, it absorbs cadmium faster than it loses it—so specimens collected in the wild often have higher concentrations of this element than the soil in which they are found. Furthermore, when cultivated in the laboratory, the presence of cadmium in the culture medium stimulates growth up to 100% in the presence of 0.5 mg cadmium per liter of nutrient medium. It is believed that the cadmium-binding ability comes from a low
33:
322:
339:
264:
282:
237:
242:
217:
1484:
1474:
1606:
1779:
1632:
815:
Gui, Yang; Zhu, Guo-S.; Callac, Philippe; Hyde, Kevin-D.; Parra, Luis-A.; Chen, Jie; Yang, Tong-J.; Huang, Wan-B.; Gong, Guang-L.; Liu, Zuo-Y. (2015-03-01).
1832:
1727:
1580:
568:
516:
has been applied to forms with bulbous stipe bases, but variation in stipe shape is so great that the use of this name has been largely abandoned."
201:
1479:
1363:
1161:
1002:
948:
894:
1094:
1064:
590:
has a more robust stature, lacks the bulbous base, and grows in grassy open areas like meadows and fields. It has larger spores than
396:
or bitter almond, and turns yellow when bruised or cut. The mushroom is medium-sized, with a white, yellow-staining cap on a slender
1169:
1121:
762:
735:
1817:
1291:
Isolierung und
Charakterisierung Cadmium-haltiger Inhalt-stoffe aus Fruchtkörpern und Myzel des schiefknolligen Anischampignons
584:
is very similar in appearance and also grows in woodlands, but it may be distinguished by the lack of an abruptly bulbous base.
1827:
1766:
536:
is 8–12 cm (3.1–4.7 in) long by 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) thick and bulbous at the base. A large, white
1692:
1637:
1784:
45:
1451:"Identification and characterization of six new taxa of genus Agaricus L.:FR. (Agaricaceae Chevall.) from India"
1822:
782:
674:
528:
is whitish in color and convex in shape, reaching up to 8 cm (3.1 in) in diameter, sometimes with an
1837:
1496:
1812:
161:
140:
816:
508:
1719:
1572:
1541:
1202:
1392:
1175:
1034:
980:
926:
1758:
564:
413:
385:
157:
1431:
1383:
1344:
1218:
1026:
972:
918:
580:
541:
537:
425:
292:
223:
170:
40:
512:. American mycologists Steve Trudell and Joseph Ammirati noted in a 2009 field guide: "The name
1611:
1807:
1701:
1528:
1271:
1165:
1117:
1111:
1090:
1084:
1060:
864:
846:
838:
758:
752:
731:
697:
586:
525:
499:
247:
1423:
1375:
1336:
1261:
1253:
1210:
1018:
964:
910:
830:
630:
614:
533:
491:
397:
287:
1645:
606:
529:
389:
345:
1189:
Meisch H-U, Schmitt JA, Scholl AR (1979). "Growth stimulation by cadmium in the mushroom
439:; the subgenus was later raised to the rank of genus, and the species was given the name
1206:
1057:
Mushrooms of the
Pacific Northwest: Timber Press Field Guide (Timber Press Field Guides)
1714:
1567:
1266:
1237:
821:
87:
32:
817:"Agaricus section Arvenses: three new species in highland subtropical Southwest China"
1801:
1450:
1137:
Meisch H-U, Scholl AR, Schmitt JA (1981). "Cadmium as a growth factor for a mushroom
77:
1222:
544:
attachment is free, and the color is initially grayish but turns brownish after the
1706:
1677:
1533:
666:
444:
329:
556:
is brown to purple-brown. Spores are elliptical in shape, and are 6–8 by 4–5
834:
1771:
1753:
1686:
1593:
634:
553:
309:
107:
1519:
757:. Peterson Field Guides. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. p. 254.
656:
557:
466:
97:
842:
1554:
1414:
Gerhardt E. (1990). "Checkliste der Großpilze von Berlin (West) 1970–1990".
57:
850:
1327:
Overholts LO. (1938). "Notes on Fungi from the Lower
Mississippi Valley".
1275:
1740:
1671:
1650:
1619:
1513:
872:
705:
429:
382:
369:
361:
269:
228:
207:
117:
1732:
1585:
1435:
1387:
1348:
1257:
1214:
1030:
976:
922:
646:
618:
610:
1598:
1364:"IX International Botanical Congress: Field Trip No. 22: Quebec Fungi"
1238:"Characterization studies on cadmium-mycophosphatin from the mushroom
1745:
1624:
642:
638:
67:
1490:
1427:
1379:
1340:
1162:
FE17/2006 Cadmium, lead, arsenic and nickel in wild edible mushrooms
1113:
North
American Mushrooms: a Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi
1022:
968:
914:
532:. After being scratched, cut, or bruised, the cap turns yellow. The
506:, while some in Europe have synonymized it with the similar species
1559:
549:
545:
393:
365:
1546:
730:. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. p. 46.
1494:
1089:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 101.
563:
The surface of the cap will stain yellow if a drop of dilute
1449:
Kaur, Munruchi; Kaur, Harwinder; Malik, Nazir Ahmad (2016).
1164:(Report). Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Environment Institute.
451:
would remain available for use, so Peck changed the name.
899:
species based on ITS-2 and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences"
728:
Mushrooms of West
Virginia and the Central Appalachians
1297:(Ph.D. thesis) (in German). University of Saarbrücken.
1455:
World
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
1116:. Guilford, Connecticut: Falcon Guide. p. 280.
1661:
1503:
336:
319:
299:
279:
261:
234:
214:
195:
1391:
498:Some American authors consider this species to be
1078:
1076:
1059:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 191.
8:
548:have developed. Specimens smell slightly of
1086:Mushrooms of the Southeastern United States
1083:Bessette AE, Roody WC, Bessette AR (2007).
447:conventions of the time, it was unclear if
1491:
1160:Pelkonen R, Alfthan G, Järvinen O (2006).
776:
774:
31:
20:
1487:French language, with several photographs
1265:
754:A Field Guide to Mushrooms: North America
594:, typically 7.0–9.2 by 4.4–5.5 μm.
567:is applied. This species has a positive
400:that has a wide, flat bulb on the base.
875:. International Mycological Association
708:. International Mycological Association
689:
192:
1329:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
1310:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
7:
810:
808:
806:
804:
783:"Report of the State Botanist 1904.
791:Report of the New York State Museum
428:had earlier named a species in the
14:
1833:Taxa named by Charles Horton Peck
1246:Environmental Health Perspectives
893:Mitchell DA, Bresinsky A (1999).
751:McKnight VB, McKnight KH (1987).
416:in 1900. In his 1904 publication
408:The species was originally named
1143:Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
659:
629:The fungus has been reported in
571:, resulting in an orange color.
337:
320:
301:
280:
262:
240:
235:
215:
200:
44:
1236:Meisch H-U, Schmitt JA (1986).
895:"Phylogenetic relationships of
1362:Pomerleau R, Cooke WB (1964).
1055:Ammirati J, Trudell S (2009).
621:named cadmium-mycophosphatin.
373:. It is commonly known as the
1:
1110:Miller HR, Miller OK (2006).
1001:Hotson JW, Stuntz DE (1938).
540:is present on the stipe. The
835:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.10.005
418:Report of the State Botanist
949:"Dark-spored agarics: III.
404:Taxonomy and classification
392:species smells slightly of
208:Mycological characteristics
1854:
443:. Under the transitioning
420:, he changed the name to
381:. First described by the
375:abruptly-bulbous agaricus
176:
169:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1818:Fungi described in 1900
598:Cadmium bioaccumulation
412:by American mycologist
388:, this bulbous-stemmed
1828:Fungi of North America
1693:Agaricus abruptibulbus
1663:Agaricus abruptibulbus
1308:"Field Trip Reports".
1293:Agaricus abruptibulbus
1191:Agaricus abruptibulbus
1007:in western Washington"
785:Agaricus abruptibulbus
700:Agaricus abruptibulbus
603:Agaricus abruptibulbus
455:Agaricus abruptibulbus
422:Agaricus abruptibulbus
357:Agaricus abruptibulbus
197:Agaricus abruptibulbus
150:Agaricus abruptibulbus
25:Agaricus abruptibulbus
1289:Jablonski M. (1981).
1139:Agaricus abruptibulus
592:A. abruptibulbus
514:A. abruptibulbus
481:contains the species
132:A. abruptibulbus
1240:Agaricus macrosporus
947:Murrill WA. (1922).
649:, China, and India.
489:, and formerly also
424:. He explained that
1207:1979NW.....66..209M
1195:Naturwissenschaften
569:Schäffer's reaction
565:potassium hydroxide
414:Charles Horton Peck
386:Charles Horton Peck
1485:Mushroom of Quebec
1258:10.1289/ehp.866529
1215:10.1007/bf00366030
726:Roody WC. (2003).
609:the toxic element
581:Agaricus silvicola
435:, which he called
426:Elias Magnus Fries
379:flat-bulb mushroom
1795:
1794:
1505:Agaricus essettei
1497:Taxon identifiers
1475:Roger's Mushrooms
1096:978-0-8156-3112-5
1066:978-0-88192-935-5
867:Agaricus abruptus
781:Peck CH. (1905).
587:Agaricus arvensis
504:A. silvicola
483:A. silvicola
469:within the genus
449:Agaricus abruptus
441:Flammula abruptus
437:Agaricus abruptus
410:Agaricus abruptus
353:
352:
190:Species of fungus
188:
187:
183:
179:Agaricus abruptus
16:Species of fungus
1845:
1788:
1787:
1775:
1774:
1772:NBNSYS0000038268
1762:
1761:
1749:
1748:
1736:
1735:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1709:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1654:
1653:
1641:
1640:
1628:
1627:
1615:
1614:
1602:
1601:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1575:
1563:
1562:
1550:
1549:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1492:
1463:
1462:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1390:. Archived from
1359:
1353:
1352:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1295:(Peck) Kauffmann
1286:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1174:. Archived from
1157:
1151:
1150:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1033:. Archived from
998:
992:
991:
989:
988:
979:. Archived from
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
925:. Archived from
890:
884:
883:
881:
880:
861:
855:
854:
812:
799:
798:
778:
769:
768:
748:
742:
741:
723:
717:
716:
714:
713:
694:
669:
664:
663:
662:
615:molecular weight
509:A. essettei
487:A. arvensis
475:A. abruptibulbus
360:is a species of
341:
340:
324:
323:
305:
304:
284:
283:
266:
265:
244:
243:
239:
238:
219:
218:
204:
193:
181:
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1823:Fungi of Europe
1798:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1783:
1778:
1770:
1765:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1739:
1731:
1726:
1718:
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1690:
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1676:
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1670:
1657:
1649:
1646:Observation.org
1644:
1636:
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1558:
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1545:
1540:
1532:
1527:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1499:
1471:
1466:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1428:10.2307/3776760
1413:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1397:
1380:10.2307/3756365
1361:
1360:
1356:
1341:10.2307/2481101
1326:
1325:
1321:
1316:(1): 101. 1992.
1307:
1306:
1302:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1172:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1149:(9–10): 765–71.
1136:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1023:10.2307/3754557
1000:
999:
995:
986:
984:
969:10.2307/3753642
946:
945:
941:
932:
930:
915:10.2307/3761534
892:
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696:
695:
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687:
665:
660:
658:
655:
627:
600:
577:
575:Similar species
522:
492:A. semotus
406:
338:
321:
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191:
165:
154:
148:
135:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1851:
1849:
1841:
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1838:Fungus species
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1480:Mushroom Hobby
1477:
1470:
1469:External links
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1178:on 2011-05-22.
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88:Agaricomycetes
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1422:(13): 3–251.
1421:
1418:(in German).
1417:
1410:
1407:
1396:on 2015-09-23
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1374:(4): 618–26.
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1017:(2): 204–34.
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607:bioaccumulate
604:
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445:nomenclatural
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349:
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344:Edibility is
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141:Binomial name
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1813:Edible fungi
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667:Fungi portal
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625:Distribution
605:is known to
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1754:NatureServe
1687:Wikispecies
1594:iNaturalist
1003:"The genus
635:Mississippi
554:spore print
520:Description
473:Along with
457:belongs to
327:Ecology is
310:Spore print
182:Peck (1900)
108:Agaricaceae
1802:Categories
1678:Q107470540
1400:2011-09-22
1201:(4): 209.
1041:2011-09-22
987:2011-09-22
933:2011-09-22
879:2011-09-22
869:Peck 1900"
712:2011-09-22
702:Peck 1905"
685:References
500:synonymous
477:, section
383:mycologist
98:Agaricales
74:Division:
1759:2.1063271
1368:Mycologia
1252:: 29–32.
1011:Mycologia
957:Mycologia
903:Mycologia
843:1878-6146
471:Agaricus.
463:Arvenses,
162:Kauffmann
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1808:Agaricus
1741:MycoBank
1715:Fungorum
1672:Wikidata
1620:MycoBank
1612:11215384
1568:Fungorum
1547:10650864
1520:Q2234587
1514:Wikidata
1223:46707508
1005:Agaricus
951:Agaricus
897:Agaricus
873:MycoBank
851:25749361
706:MycoBank
677:Agaricus
675:List of
653:See also
631:New York
479:Arvenses
461:section
459:Agaricus
433:Flammula
430:subgenus
370:Agaricus
362:mushroom
270:Hymenium
229:hymenium
171:Synonyms
119:Agaricus
104:Family:
54:Domain:
1733:5455910
1586:5456297
1436:3776760
1416:Englera
1388:3756366
1349:2481101
1276:3709455
1267:1474717
1203:Bibcode
1031:3754557
977:3753642
923:3761534
679:species
647:Germany
619:protein
611:cadmium
377:or the
364:in the
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1746:178389
1720:178389
1638:230762
1625:108653
1599:349999
1573:108653
1560:AGARAB
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552:. The
546:spores
390:edible
347:edible
290:has a
252:convex
164:(1905)
1785:83509
1707:65LZD
1651:14756
1607:IRMNG
1534:65NH6
1432:JSTOR
1384:JSTOR
1345:JSTOR
1219:S2CID
1027:JSTOR
973:JSTOR
919:JSTOR
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787:Peck"
550:anise
534:stipe
502:with
467:clade
398:stipe
394:anise
366:genus
314:brown
288:Stipe
224:Gills
68:Fungi
1780:NCBI
1728:GBIF
1633:NCBI
1581:GBIF
1555:EPPO
1461:(7).
1272:PMID
1166:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1061:ISBN
847:PMID
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759:ISBN
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542:gill
530:umbo
524:The
293:ring
274:free
256:flat
158:Peck
1767:NBN
1702:CoL
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