Agent-based model - Knowledge (XXG)

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population, they can combine the agent-based model with a continuum model describing population dynamics. For example, in a study about CD4+ T cells (a key cell type in the adaptive immune system), the researchers modelled biological phenomena occurring at different spatial (intracellular, cellular, and systemic), temporal, and organizational scales (signal transduction, gene regulation, metabolism, cellular behaviors, and cytokine transport). In the resulting modular model, signal transduction and gene regulation are described by a logical model, metabolism by constraint-based models, cell population dynamics are described by an agent-based model, and systemic cytokine concentrations by ordinary differential equations. In this multi-scale model, the agent-based model occupies the central place and orchestrates every stream of information flow between scales.

1115:(V&V) of simulation models is extremely important. Verification involves making sure the implemented model matches the conceptual model, whereas validation ensures that the implemented model has some relationship to the real-world. Face validation, sensitivity analysis, calibration, and statistical validation are different aspects of validation. A discrete-event simulation framework approach for the validation of agent-based systems has been proposed. A comprehensive resource on empirical validation of agent-based models can be found here. 533:. At about the same time NAACSOS began, the European Social Simulation Association (ESSA) and the Pacific Asian Association for Agent-Based Approach in Social Systems Science (PAAA), counterparts of NAACSOS, were organized. As of 2013, these three organizations collaborate internationally. The First World Congress on Social Simulation was held under their joint sponsorship in Kyoto, Japan, in August 2006. The Second World Congress was held in the northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C., in July 2008, with 7318: 1023:, military applications, and others. Agents for Systems are divided in two subcategories. Agent-supported systems deal with the use of agents as a support facility to enable computer assistance in problem solving or enhancing cognitive capabilities. Agent-based systems focus on the use of agents for the generation of model behavior in a system evaluation (system studies and analyses). 309:, which some express as "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts". In other words, higher-level system properties emerge from the interactions of lower-level subsystems. Or, macro-scale state changes emerge from micro-scale agent behaviors. Or, simple behaviors (meaning rules followed by agents) generate complex behaviors (meaning state changes at the whole system level). 696:, and the evolution of foraging behaviors. Agent-based models have also been used for developing decision support systems such as for breast cancer. Agent-based models are increasingly being used to model pharmacological systems in early stage and pre-clinical research to aid in drug development and gain insights into biological systems that would not be possible 391:'s segregation model, which was discussed in his paper "Dynamic Models of Segregation" in 1971. Though Schelling originally used coins and graph paper rather than computers, his models embodied the basic concept of agent-based models as autonomous agents interacting in a shared environment with an observed aggregate, emergent outcome. 700:. Military applications have also been evaluated. Moreover, agent-based models have been recently employed to study molecular-level biological systems. Agent-based models have also been written to describe ecological processes at work in ancient systems, such as those in dinosaur environments and more recent ancient systems as well. 876:

modeling approach enables researchers to explore how these factors collectively influence the dynamics and outcomes of team performance. Consequently, agent-based modeling provides a nuanced understanding of team science, facilitating a deeper exploration of the subtleties and variabilities inherent in team-based collaborations.

517:, and the move by INFORMS from two meetings each year to one, helped to spur the CMOT group to form a separate society, the North American Association for Computational Social and Organizational Sciences (NAACSOS). Kathleen Carley was a major contributor, especially to models of social networks, obtaining 2360:

Weller, F.G.; Webb, E.B.; Beatty, W.S.; Fogenburg, S.; Kesler, D.; Blenk, R.H.; Eadie, J.M.; Ringelman, K.; Miller, M. L. (2022). Agent-based modeling of movements and habitat selection by mid-continent mallards (Report). Cooperator Science Series. Washington, D. C: U.S. Department of Interior, Fish

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As an example of V&V technique, consider VOMAS (virtual overlay multi-agent system), a software engineering based approach, where a virtual overlay multi-agent system is developed alongside the agent-based model. Muazi et al. also provide an example of using VOMAS for verification and validation

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and Duncan Foley that argued ABMs could fulfill both the desires of Keynes to represent a complex economy and of Robert Lucas to construct models based on microfoundations. Farmer and Foley pointed to progress that has been made using ABMs to model parts of an economy, but argued for the creation of

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In the realm of team science, agent-based modeling has been utilized to assess the effects of team members' characteristics and biases on team performance across various settings. By simulating interactions between agents—each representing individual team members with distinct traits and biases—this

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In some ways, agent-based models complement traditional analytic methods. Where analytic methods enable humans to characterize the equilibria of a system, agent-based models allow the possibility of generating those equilibria. This generative contribution may be the most mainstream of the potential

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Through the mid-1990s, the social sciences thread of ABM began to focus on such issues as designing effective teams, understanding the communication required for organizational effectiveness, and the behavior of social networks. CMOT—later renamed Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational

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form in computer programs. In some cases, though not always, the agents may be considered as intelligent and purposeful. In ecological ABM (often referred to as "individual-based models" in ecology), agents may, for example, be trees in a forest, and would not be considered intelligent, although

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At the same time, during the 1980s, social scientists, mathematicians, operations researchers, and a scattering of people from other disciplines developed Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory (CMOT). This field grew as a special interest group of The Institute of Management Sciences

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Ch'ng, E. (2012) Macro and Micro Environment for Diversity of Behaviour in Artificial Life Simulation, Artificial Life Session, The 6th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems, The 13th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems, November 20–24, 2012, Kobe,

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Rather than focusing on stable states, many models consider a system's robustness—the ways that complex systems adapt to internal and external pressures so as to maintain their functionalities. The task of harnessing that complexity requires consideration of the agents themselves—their diversity,

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ABMs have been deployed in architecture and urban planning to evaluate design and to simulate pedestrian flow in the urban environment and the examination of public policy applications to land-use. There is also a growing field of socio-economic analysis of infrastructure investment impact using

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in the sizes of traffic jams, wars, and stock-market crashes, and social segregation that persists despite populations of tolerant people. Agent-based models also can be used to identify lever points, defined as moments in time in which interventions have extreme consequences, and to distinguish

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Recently, agent based modelling and simulation has been applied to various domains such as studying the impact of publication venues by researchers in the computer science domain (journals versus conferences). In addition, ABMs have been used to simulate information delivery in ambient assisted

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One strength of agent-based modelling is its ability to mediate information flow between scales. When additional details about an agent are needed, a researcher can integrate it with models describing the extra details. When one is interested in the emergent behaviours demonstrated by the agent

1040:. It simulates traffic interactions between human drivers, pedestrians and automated vehicles. People's behavior is imitated by artificial agents based on data of real human behavior. The basic idea of using agent-based modeling to understand self-driving cars was discussed as early as 2003. 1009:

ABMs have also been applied in water resources planning and management, particularly for exploring, simulating, and predicting the performance of infrastructure design and policy decisions, and in assessing the value of cooperation and information exchange in large water resources systems.

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Ch'ng, E. (2009) An Artificial Life-Based Vegetation Modelling Approach for Biodiversity Research, in Nature-Inspired informatics for Intelligent Applications and Knowledge Discovery: Implications in Business, Science and Engineering, R. Chiong, Editor. 2009, IGI Global: Hershey, PA.

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Recent work on the Modeling and simulation of Complex Adaptive Systems has demonstrated the need for combining agent-based and complex network based models. describe a framework consisting of four levels of developing models of complex adaptive systems described using several example

402:. One of their first results was to show that the social structure of bumble-bee colonies emerged as a result of simple rules that govern the behaviour of individual bees. They introduced the ToDo principle, referring to the way agents "do what there is to do" at any given time. 724:. Epidemiological ABMs have been criticized for simplifying and unrealistic assumptions. Still, they can be useful in informing decisions regarding mitigation and suppression measures in cases when ABMs are accurately calibrated. The ABMs for such simulations are mostly based on 595:. The modeler makes those assumptions thought most relevant to the situation at hand and then watches phenomena emerge from the agents' interactions. Sometimes that result is an equilibrium. Sometimes it is an emergent pattern. Sometimes, however, it is an unintelligible mangle. 624:

Exploratory Agent-based Modeling Level for developing agent-based models for assessing the feasibility of further research. This can e.g. be useful for developing proof-of-concept models such as for funding applications without requiring an extensive learning curve for the

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The agent-directed simulation (ADS) metaphor distinguishes between two categories, namely "Systems for Agents" and "Agents for Systems." Systems for Agents (sometimes referred to as agents systems) are systems implementing agents for the use in engineering, human and

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were simulated to high accuracy. Results showed a correlation between network morphology and the stock market index. However, the ABM approach has been criticized for its lack of robustness between models, where similar models can yield very different results.

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Fedriani JM, T Wiegand, D Ayllón, F Palomares, A Suárez-Esteban and V. Grimm. 2018. Assisting seed dispersers to restore old-fields: an individual-based model of the interactions among badgers, foxes, and Iberian pear trees. Journal of Applied Ecology 55:

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The role of the environment where agents live, both macro and micro, is also becoming an important factor in agent-based modelling and simulation work. Simple environment affords simple agents, but complex environments generate diversity of behavior.

316:, presumed to be acting in what they perceive as their own interests, such as reproduction, economic benefit, or social status, using heuristics or simple decision-making rules. ABM agents may experience "learning", adaptation, and reproduction. 1031:

Hallerbach et al. discussed the application of agent-based approaches for the development and validation of automated driving systems via a digital twin of the vehicle-under-test and microscopic traffic simulation based on independent agents.

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have also made significant contributions in organizational behavior and decision-making. Since 1991, UCLA has arranged a conference at Lake Arrowhead, California, that has become another major gathering point for practitioners in this field.

1056:, limiting the speed and scalability of implemented models. Since emergent behavior in large-scale ABMs is dependent of population size, scalability restrictions may hinder model validation. Such limitations have mainly been addressed using 3265:

Volmer; et al. (2017). "Did Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) become extinct in Sumatra because of competition for prey? Modeling interspecific competition within the Late Pleistocene carnivore guild of the Padang Highlands, Sumatra".

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in that the goal of ABM is to search for explanatory insight into the collective behavior of agents obeying simple rules, typically in natural systems, rather than in designing agents or solving specific practical or engineering problems.

4776: 860:. In the domain of peer-to-peer, ad hoc and other self-organizing and complex networks, the usefulness of agent based modeling and simulation has been shown. The use of a computer science-based formal specification framework coupled with 1083:

Since Agent-Based Modeling is more of a modeling framework than a particular piece of software or platform, it has often been used in conjunction with other modeling forms. For instance, agent-based models have also been combined with

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or as moving between equilibria. Agent-based modeling, however, using simple rules, can result in different sorts of complex and interesting behavior. The three ideas central to agent-based models are agents as objects,

490:. Research conducted through SFI allowed the expansion of ABM techniques to a number of fields including study of the social and spatial dynamics of small-scale human societies and primates. During this 1990s timeframe 510:

Systems (CASOS)—incorporated more and more agent-based modeling. Samuelson (2000) is a good brief overview of the early history, and Samuelson (2005) and Samuelson and Macal (2006) trace the more recent developments.

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Descriptive Agent-based Modeling (DREAM) for developing descriptions of agent-based models by means of using templates and complex network-based models. Building DREAM models allows model comparison across scientific

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Most agent-based models are composed of: (1) numerous agents specified at various scales (typically referred to as agent-granularity); (2) decision-making heuristics; (3) learning rules or adaptive processes; (4) an

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to simulate and explore the role of social phenomena such as seasonal migrations, pollution, sexual reproduction, combat, and transmission of disease and even culture. Other notable 1990s developments included

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Stefan, F., & Atman, A. (2015). Is there any connection between the network morphology and the fluctuations of the stock market index? Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, (419), 630-641.

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also encouraged agent-based modeling with an editorial that suggested ABMs can do a better job of representing financial markets and other economic complexities than standard models along with an essay by

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strategies and had them interact in an agent-based manner to determine a winner. Axelrod would go on to develop many other agent-based models in the field of political science that examine phenomena from

356:, also a mathematician; Ulam suggested that the machine be built on paper, as a collection of cells on a grid. The idea intrigued von Neumann, who drew it up—creating the first of the devices later termed 3584:

Squazzoni, Flaminio; Polhill, J. Gareth; Edmonds, Bruce; Ahrweiler, Petra; Antosz, Patrycja; Scholz, Geeske; Chappin, Émile; Borit, Melania; Verhagen, Harko; Giardini, Francesca; Gilbert, Nigel (2020).

1092:(SNA) tools and agent-based models are sometimes integrated, where the ABM is used to simulate the dynamics on the network while the SNA tool models and analyzes the network of interactions. Tools like 692:, and biomedical applications including modeling 3D breast tissue formation/morphogenesis, the effects of ionizing radiation on mammary stem cell subpopulation dynamics, inflammation, and the human 4428: 426:

models contributed to the development of some of the first biological agent-based models that contained social characteristics. He tried to model the reality of lively biological agents, known as

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Tang, Jonathan; Fernando-Garcia, Ignacio; Vijayakumar, Sangeetha; Martinez-Ruis, Haydeliz; Illa-Bochaca, Irineu; Nguyen, David; Mao, Jian-Hua; Costes, Sylvain; Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen (2014).

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for ABM simulation. The extreme memory bandwidth combined with the sheer number crunching power of multi-processor GPUs has enabled simulation of millions of agents at tens of frames per second.

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The idea of agent-based modeling was developed as a relatively simple concept in the late 1940s. Since it requires computation-intensive procedures, it did not become widespread until the 1990s.

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ABM's ability to discern systemic impacts upon a socio-economic network. Heterogeneity and dynamics can be easily built in ABM models to address wealth inequality and social mobility.

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Niazi, M.A. and Hussain, A (2012), Cognitive Agent-based Computing-I: A Unified Framework for Modeling Complex Adaptive Systems using Agent-based & Complex Network-based Methods

5627: 328:, either as custom software, or via ABM toolkits, and this software can be then used to test how changes in individual behaviors will affect the system's emerging overall behavior. 1872: 496: 3442: 305:

that simulate the simultaneous operations and interactions of multiple agents in an attempt to re-create and predict the appearance of complex phenomena. The process is one of

243:(both individual or collective entities such as organizations or groups) in order to understand the behavior of a system and what governs its outcomes. It combines elements of 6027:

Niazi, Muaz A. K. (June 11, 2011). "Towards A Novel Unified Framework for Developing Formal, Network and Validated Agent-Based Simulation Models of Complex Adaptive Systems".

1987:

Niazi, Muaz A. K. (June 30, 2011). "Towards A Novel Unified Framework for Developing Formal, Network and Validated Agent-Based Simulation Models of Complex Adaptive Systems".

712:

models, the usual type of epidemiological models. ABMs have been shown to be superior to compartmental models in regard to the accuracy of predictions. Recently, ABMs such as

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Brown, Daniel G.; Riolo, Rick; Robinson, Derek T.; North, Michael; Rand, William (2005). "Spatial Process and Data Models: Toward Integration of agent-based models and GIS".

6794:– Article on the convergence of SOA, BPM and Multi-Agent Technology in the domain of the Enterprise Information Systems. Jose Manuel Gomez Alvarez, Artificial Intelligence, 582:

Agent-based models consist of dynamically interacting rule-based agents. The systems within which they interact can create real-world-like complexity. Typically agents are

4208:

Nasrinpour, Hamid Reza; Friesen, Marcia R.; McLeod, Robert D. (November 22, 2016). "An Agent-Based Model of Message Propagation in the Facebook Electronic Social Network".

441:

and John H. Miller's 1991 paper "Artificial Adaptive Agents in Economic Theory", based on an earlier conference presentation of theirs. A stronger and earlier candidate is

7660: 5142:"Assessing the value of cooperation and information exchange in large water resources systems by agent-based optimization: MAS Framework for Large Water Resources Systems" 4936:

Schimeczek, Christoph; Nienhaus, Kristina; Frey, Ulrich; Sperber, Evelyn; Sarfarazi, Seyedfarzad; Nitsch, Felix; Kochems, Johannes; Ghazi, A. Achraf El (April 17, 2023).

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Hughes, H. P. N.; Clegg, C. W.; Robinson, M. A.; Crowder, R. M. (2012). "Agent-based modelling and simulation: The potential contribution to organizational psychology".

1810: 599:

benefits of agent-based modeling. Agent-based models can explain the emergence of higher-order patterns—network structures of terrorist organizations and the Internet,

636:

Other methods of describing agent-based models include code templates and text-based methods such as the ODD (Overview, Design concepts, and Design Details) protocol.

5400: 4484: 279:). A review of recent literature on individual-based models, agent-based models, and multiagent systems shows that ABMs are used in many scientific domains including 494:

published the first textbook on Social Simulation: Simulation for the social scientist (1999) and established a journal from the perspective of social sciences: the

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Caplat, Paul; Anand, Madhur; Bauch, Chris (March 10, 2008). "Symmetric competition causes population oscillations in an individual-based model of forest dynamics".

721: 4017:

Crowder, R. M.; Robinson, M. A.; Hughes, H. P. N.; Sim, Y. W. (2012). "The development of an agent-based modeling framework for simulating engineering team work".

379:

programming language, developed in the mid 1960s and widely implemented by the early 1970s, was the first framework for automating step-by-step agent simulations.

5514: 1841: 1068:

architectures, issues related to communication and synchronization, as well as deployment complexity, remain potential obstacles for their widespread adoption.

6159: 3230:

Pahl, Cameron C.; Ruedas, Luis (2021). "Carnosaurs as Apex Scavengers: Agent-based simulations reveal possible vulture analogues in late Jurassic Dinosaurs".

6867: 210: 5393:

Proceedings of the ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference IDETC/CIE 2009

3987: 4700:

Aschwanden, G.D.P.A; Wullschleger, Tobias; Müller, Hanspeter; Schmitt, Gerhard (2009). "Evaluation of 3D city models using automatic placed urban agents".

3796:

Hinch, Robert; et al. (2021), "OpenABM-Covid19—An agent-based model for non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 including contact tracing",

2470:

Lima, Francisco W. S.; Hadzibeganovic, Tarik; Stauffer, Dietrich (2009). "Evolution of ethnocentrism on undirected and directed Barabási–Albert networks".

2417:

Lima, Francisco W.S.; Hadzibeganovic, Tarik; Stauffer., Dietrich (2009). "Evolution of ethnocentrism on undirected and directed Barabási-Albert networks".

2069:

Volker Grimm; Uta Berger; Finn Bastiansen; et al. (September 15, 2006). "A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models".

1159: 1049: 772:

Epidemic model of the spread of COVID-19, simulating every individual in a population with both R and Python interfaces but using C for heavy computation.

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Shattock, Andrew; Le Rutte, Epke; et al. (2021), "Impact of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in Switzerland",

1303: 4056: 1254: 786: 113: 5239: 924:

and can generate extremely complex and volatile simulated economies. ABMs can represent unstable systems with crashes and booms that develop out of non-

632:

Validated agent-based modeling using Virtual Overlay Multiagent system (VOMAS) for the development of verified and validated models in a formal manner.

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has been adapted to for agent-based model validation. This approach has another advantage that allows an automatic validation using unit test tools.

7097: 6405: 586:

in space and time and reside in networks or in lattice-like neighborhoods. The location of the agents and their responsive behavior are encoded in

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Siddiqa, Amnah; Niazi, Muaz; Mustafa, Farah; Bokhari, Habib; Hussain, Amir; Akram, Noreen; Shaheen, Shabnum; Ahmed, Fouzia; Iqbal, Sarah (2009).

5646: 2031: 1088:(GIS). This provides a useful combination where the ABM serves as a process model and the GIS system can provide a model of pattern. Similarly, 688:, the growth and decline of ancient civilizations, evolution of ethnocentric behavior, forced displacement/migration, language choice dynamics, 7529: 3301:

Hagen, Oskar; Flück, Benjamin; Fopp, Fabian; Cabral, Juliano C.; Hartig, Florian; Pontarp, Mikael; Rangel, Thiago F.; Pellissier, Loïc (2021).

935: 800:

Agent-based models have been used since the mid-1990s to solve a variety of business and technology problems. Examples of applications include

6704: 4287: 7268: 6791: 6698: 6637: 6575: 6399: 6378: 6351: 6332: 6248: 6126: 5819: 5598: 5478: 4498: 4378: 4114: 3714: 3436: 2945: 2826: 2536: 1912: 1733: 1589: 1283: 83: 5978:

Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Multi-Agent Systems and Simulation '09 (MASS '09), as Part of MALLOW 09, Sep 7–11, 2009, Torino, Italy

5118: 1577: 1404: 709: 406: 352:

proposed would follow precisely detailed instructions to fashion a copy of itself. The concept was then built upon by von Neumann's friend

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Investing in Ontario's Public Infrastructure: A Prosperity at Risk Perspective, with an analysis of the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area

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Barathy, Gnana; Yilmaz, Levent; Tolk, Andreas (March 2012). "Agent Directed Simulation for Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation".

1864: 1133: 885: 158: 68: 5999: 7278: 7165: 6915: 6840: 5892: 5623: 3426: 2552:

Hadzibeganovic, Tarik; Stauffer, Dietrich; Schulze, Christian (2009). "Agent-based computer simulations of language choice dynamics".

2344: 2117: 1753: 1509: 1209: 419: 173: 6820:, Tommi A. Vuorenmaa (Valo Research and Trading), Liang Wang (University of Helsinki - Department of Computer Science), October, 2013 2977:

Butler, James; Cosgrove, Jason; Alden, Kieran; Read, Mark; Kumar, Vipin; Cucurull-Sanchez, Lourdes; Timmis, Jon; Coles, Mark (2015).

901: 437:

The first use of the word "agent" and a definition as it is currently used today is hard to track down. One candidate appears to be

7471: 6268: 5860: 5305: 4177: 3047: 1693: 591:

they may be "purposeful" in the sense of optimizing access to a resource (such as water). The modeling process is best described as

345: 4230: 4154: 461:

The 1990s were especially notable for the expansion of ABM within the social sciences, one notable effort was the large-scale ABM,

6118: 7031: 6860: 6807:

Article providing methodology for moving real world human behaviors into a simulation model where agent behaviors are represented

5947: 5647:"Agent Based GPU, a Real-time 3D Simulation and Interactive Visualisation Framework for Massive Agent Based Modelling on the GPU" 368:. Unlike von Neumann's machine, Conway's Game of Life operated by simple rules in a virtual world in the form of a 2-dimensional 302: 123: 5737:"Leveraging social influence to address overweight and obesity using agent-based models: The role of adolescent social networks" 5492: 5018:"Can an energy only market enable resource adequacy in a decarbonized power system? A co-simulation with two agent-based-models" 1060:, with frameworks such as Repast HPC specifically dedicated to these type of implementations. While such approaches map well to 7686: 7368: 6925: 6920: 6540:

Rudomín, I.; Millán, E.; Hernández, B. N. (November 2005). "Fragment shaders for agent animation using finite state machines".

2047: 2658:"Irradiation of juvenile, but not adult, mammary gland increases stem cell self-renewal and estrogen receptor negative tumors" 2142:

Wertheim, Kenneth Y.; Puniy, Bhanwar Lal; Fleur, Alyssa La; Shah, Ab Rauf; Barberis, Matteo; Helikar, Tomáš (August 3, 2021).

7681: 6795: 1802: 1085: 717: 5528:

Shook, E.; Wang, S.; Tang, W. (2013). "A communication-aware framework for parallel spatially explicit agent-based models".

4128: 521:

funding for the annual conference and serving as the first President of NAACSOS. She was succeeded by David Sallach of the

4504: 7691: 7056: 5571:

Jonas, E.; Pu, Q.; Venkataraman, S.; Stoica, I.; Recht, B. (2017). "Occupy the cloud: Distributed computing for the 99%".

5319: 1606: 1143: 1101: 889: 78: 6487: 3065:"Accounting for Diffusion in Agent Based Models of Reaction-Diffusion Systems with Application to Cytoskeletal Diffusion" 7239: 7190: 6996: 5365: 5185: 3715:"Assessing the Role of Daily Activities and Mobility in the Spread of COVID-19 in Montreal With an Agent-Based Approach" 3634: 1138: 677: 663: 73: 43: 6581: 5388: 4231:"Agent based Tools for Modeling and Simulation of Self-Organization in Peer-to-Peer, Ad-Hoc and other Complex Networks" 3562: 502: 7486: 7439: 6940: 6853: 6830: 6775: 6733: 6667: 4162:

Proceedings of the third international workshop on Use of P2P, grid and agents for the development of content networks

1112: 895: 684:, stochastic gene expression, plant-animal interactions, vegetation ecology, migratory ecology, landscape diversity, 526: 518: 203: 196: 6007:

Proceedings of the Agent Directed Simulation Symposium 2010, as Part of the ACM SCS Spring Simulation Multiconference

1833: 6503:

Preis, T.; Golke, S.; Paul, W.; Schneider, J. J. (2006). "Multi-agent-based Order Book Model of financial markets".

6132: 4977:"Fit for purpose: Modeling wholesale electricity markets realistically with multi-agent deep reinforcement learning" 4541: 7701: 7195: 7092: 7006: 6151: 5016:

Jimenez, I. Sanchez; Ribó-Pérez, D.; Cvetkovic, M.; Kochems, J.; Schimeczek, C.; de Vries, L. J. (April 15, 2024).

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Design of Agent-Based Models : Developing Computer Simulations for a Better Understanding of Social Processes

4852:

Butcher, Charity; Njonguo, Edwin (December 22, 2021). "Simulating Diplomacy: Learning Aid or Business as Usual?".

3658:"Agent-based modelling for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic prediction and intervention assessment: A methodological appraisal" 7373: 7344: 7244: 6361:

Murthy, V. K.; Krishnamurthy, E. V. (2009). "Multiset of Agents in a Network for Simulation of Complex Systems".

990: 986: 982: 817: 550: 6782:

Agent-based models in Ecology – Using computer models as theoretical tools to analyze complex ecological systems

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Agent based evolutionary search or algorithm is a new research topic for solving complex optimization problems.

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Situngkir, Hokky (2004). "Epidemiology Through Cellular Automata: Case of Study Avian Influenza in Indonesia".

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An individual-based transmission model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease dynamics, developed at the

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An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling: Modeling Natural, Social, and Engineered Complex Systems with NetLogo

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Connors, J.; Graham, S.; Mailloux, L. (2018). "Cyber Synthetic Modeling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Applications".

4887:

Gilbert, Nigel; Ahrweiler, Petra; Barbrook-Johnson, Pete; Narasimhan, Kavin Preethi; Wilkinson, Helen (2018).

1179: 486:(SFI) was important in encouraging the development of the ABM modeling platform Swarm under the leadership of 365: 5422:

Collier, N.; North, M. (2013). "Parallel agent-based simulation with Repast for High Performance Computing".

3303:"gen3sis: A general engine for eco-evolutionary simulations of the processes that shape Earth's biodiversity" 1534:

Hogeweg, Paulien (1983). "The ontogeny of the interaction structure in bumble bee colonies: a MIRROR model".

271:

are used to understand the stochasticity of these models. Particularly within ecology, ABMs are also called

7605: 7390: 7122: 7112: 7051: 7046: 6991: 6811: 6643: 2923:"A new hybrid agent-based modeling & simulation decision support system for breast cancer data analysis" 2051: 1174: 1169: 1120: 1089: 967: 600: 534: 256: 163: 128: 6935: 1369:

Gustafsson, Leif; Sternad, Mikael (2010). "Consistent micro, macro, and state-based population modelling".

7625: 7285: 7158: 6960: 6422: 6073: 6028: 5797: 1194: 58: 6722:"A review of agent-based modeling (ABM) concepts and some of its main applications in management science" 6389: 3746:

Kerr, Cliff; et al. (2021), "Covasim: an agent-based model of COVID-19 dynamics and interventions",

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Adam, David (April 2, 2020). "Special report: The simulations driving the world's response to COVID-19".

1779: 904:, interest has grown in ABMs as possible tools for economic analysis. ABMs do not assume the economy can 759:

SEIR model implemented in Python with an emphasis on features for studying the effects of interventions.

621:

Complex Network Modeling Level for developing models using interaction data of various system components.

500:(JASSS). Other than JASSS, agent-based models of any discipline are within scope of SpringerOpen journal 7434: 7339: 7036: 6950: 6801: 6761: 6044: 5943: 5911: 2000: 1057: 841: 833: 522: 6423:"Test-driven simulation modelling: A case study using agent-based maritime search-operation simulation" 6074:"Test-driven simulation modelling: A case study using agent-based maritime search-operation simulation" 4673:

Rand, William; Rust, Roland T. (July 2011). "Agent-based modeling in marketing: Guidelines for rigor".

2959: 410: 6771: 5981: 5017: 4976: 2028: 1956:"An agent-based framework for performance modeling of an optimistic parallel discrete event simulator" 7645: 7610: 7448: 7395: 7302: 7102: 7041: 7021: 6970: 6910: 6512: 6463: 6303: 6191: 5691: 5537: 4740: 4577: 4312: 3859: 3805: 3751: 3473: 3373: 3275: 3239: 3135: 3076: 3031: 2867: 2769: 2561: 2489: 2436: 2389: 2278: 2239: 2155: 2078: 1543: 1439: 1249: 909: 905: 837: 725: 232: 168: 5090: 7655: 7630: 7620: 7210: 7011: 6688: 6561: 4938:"AMIRIS: Agent-based Market model for the Investigation of Renewable and Integrated energy Systems" 4344: 2607:; Becker-Weimann, Sabine; Pham, Christopher; Polyzos, Aris; Chen, Charlie; Costes, Sylvain (2011). 1199: 681: 668:

Agent-based modeling has been used extensively in biology, including the analysis of the spread of

592: 487: 431: 325: 313: 236: 6787:

Network for Computational Modeling in the Social and Ecological Sciences' Agent Based Modeling FAQ

5802: 3932:

Rand, William; Rust, Roland T. (2011). "Agent-based modeling in marketing: Guidelines for rigor".

7635: 7496: 7491: 7087: 7071: 7066: 6876: 6614: 6528: 6479: 6215: 5886:"A Discrete-Event Simulation Framework for the Validation of Agent-Based and Multi-Agent Systems" 5866: 5825: 5717: 5604: 5576: 5553: 5508: 5484: 5439: 5311: 5163: 4834: 4450: 4336: 4302: 4261: 4209: 4183: 4120: 4034: 3626: 3554: 3497: 3342: 2951: 2687: 2585: 2505: 2479: 2452: 2426: 2210: 2094: 1663: 1559: 1408: 1344: 1318: 1244: 1214: 1149: 994: 845: 720:, have been used to inform public health (nonpharmaceutical) interventions against the spread of 483: 438: 361: 289: 268: 260: 51: 3124:"Higher Nucleoporin-Importinβ Affinity at the Nuclear Basket Increases Nucleocytoplasmic Import" 1412: 2609:"Phenotypic transition maps of 3D breast acini obtained by imaging-guided agent-based modeling" 7600: 7519: 7506: 7317: 7307: 7151: 6694: 6633: 6571: 6395: 6374: 6347: 6328: 6264: 6244: 6207: 6122: 5856: 5815: 5774: 5756: 5657: 5594: 5474: 5357: 5301: 5209:"Simulation-Based Identification of Critical Scenarios for Cooperative and Automated Vehicles" 5110: 5037: 4998: 4957: 4918: 4869: 4595: 4494: 4374: 4173: 4110: 3885: 3833: 3779: 3695: 3677: 3618: 3546: 3538: 3489: 3432: 3407: 3389: 3334: 3212: 3163: 3104: 3043: 3008: 2941: 2903: 2885: 2822: 2797: 2738: 2679: 2638: 2577: 2532: 2312: 2294: 2191: 2173: 1908: 1729: 1725: 1718: 1709: 1689: 1655: 1585: 1467: 1386: 1279: 1229: 1224: 1219: 998: 951: 821: 466: 423: 357: 240: 1686:

Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies: Agent-based Modeling of Social and Spatial Processes

7481: 7429: 7412: 7334: 7326: 7132: 6986: 6606: 6549: 6520: 6471: 6434: 6366: 6311: 6199: 6085: 6032: 6010: 5848: 5807: 5764: 5748: 5707: 5699: 5586: 5545: 5466: 5431: 5293: 5220: 5153: 5102: 5064: 5029: 4988: 4949: 4908: 4900: 4861: 4824: 4814: 4748: 4709: 4682: 4655: 4585: 4568: 4476: 4407: 4366: 4328: 4320: 4253: 4245: 4165: 4102: 4094: 4026: 3999: 3968: 3941: 3875: 3867: 3823: 3813: 3769: 3759: 3726: 3685: 3669: 3608: 3598: 3528: 3481: 3397: 3381: 3324: 3314: 3283: 3247: 3202: 3194: 3153: 3143: 3094: 3084: 3035: 2998: 2990: 2933: 2893: 2875: 2787: 2777: 2728: 2718: 2669: 2628: 2620: 2569: 2497: 2444: 2397: 2362: 2302: 2286: 2247: 2181: 2163: 2086: 1988: 1967: 1647: 1551: 1501: 1457: 1447: 1378: 1336: 1328: 1061: 1037: 955: 940: 921: 530: 388: 349: 321: 6835: 6597:

Sallach, David; Macal, Charles (2001). "The simulation of social agents: an introduction".

5885: 5631: 5290:

Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems

5106: 4518: 4155:"Self-organized customized content delivery architecture for ambient assisted environments" 2341: 2114: 1749: 1486: 954:

based on three distinct behavioral profiles – imitating, anti-imitating, and indifferent –

549:

developed methods for basing agent-based simulation on models of human cognition, known as

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Sargent, R. G. (2000). "Verification, validation and accreditation of simulation models".

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Zhang, J.; Tong, L.; Lamberson, P.J.; Durazo-Arvizu, R.A.; Luke, A.; Shoham, D.A. (2015).

4462: 3181:

Azimi, Mohammad; Bulat, Evgeny; Weis, Karsten; Mofrad, Mohammad R. K. (November 5, 2014).

2758:"Identifying the rules of engagement enabling leukocyte rolling, activation, and adhesion" 2604: 2348: 2144:"A multi-approach and multi-scale platform to model CD4+ T cells responding to infections" 2121: 2035: 2013: 1097: 1020: 978: 946: 689: 479: 446: 427: 395: 248: 31: 1071:

A recent development is the use of data-parallel algorithms on Graphics Processing Units

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ABMs have also been proposed as applied educational tools for diplomats in the field of

7640: 7574: 7551: 7385: 7380: 7363: 7356: 7249: 7001: 5769: 5736: 4288:"A Novel Agent-Based Simulation Framework for Sensing in Complex Adaptive Environments" 3880: 3828: 3774: 3690: 3657: 3402: 3361: 3329: 3302: 3207: 3182: 3158: 3123: 3099: 3064: 3003: 2978: 2898: 2855: 2792: 2757: 2733: 2706: 2633: 2608: 2307: 2266: 2186: 2143: 1304:"Agent-based Computing from Multi-agent Systems to Agent-Based Models: A Visual Survey" 1239: 1164: 950:

a very large model that incorporates low level models. By modeling a complex system of

829: 353: 284: 183: 140: 6315: 5939: 5346:"A Framework for Megascale Agent Based Model Simulations on Graphics Processing Units" 5056: 3587:"Computational Models That Matter During a Global Pandemic Outbreak: A Call to Action" 1462: 1427: 7675: 7514: 7256: 7227: 7205: 7127: 6766: 6618: 6282: 5488: 5315: 5208: 5167: 4838: 4361:

Sarker, R. A.; Ray, T. (2010). "Agent Based Evolutionary Approach: An Introduction".

3972: 3630: 3558: 3501: 3385: 3346: 2816: 2573: 1713: 1651: 1093: 971: 930: 928:(disproportionate) responses to proportionally small changes. A July 2010 article in 825: 693: 491: 470: 415: 6532: 6483: 6219: 5829: 5752: 5721: 5557: 5443: 4937: 4340: 4265: 4187: 4089:. In Mason, S.; Hill, R.; Mönch, L.; Rose, O.; Jefferson, T.; Fowler, J. W. (eds.). 3251: 2955: 2691: 2589: 2509: 2456: 2251: 2098: 2090: 2055: 1667: 1563: 1348: 7595: 7569: 7559: 7536: 7417: 6814:, an information hub for modelers, methods, and philosophy for agent-based modeling 6278: 5870: 5033: 4686: 4480: 4124: 4038: 3945: 2856:"Evolution of innate behavioral strategies through competitive population dynamics" 2386:

ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences

1900:

Cognition and Multi-Agent Interaction: From Cognitive Modeling to Social Simulation

1234: 1204: 685: 567: 442: 369: 5608: 4865: 4659: 1928: 1582:

The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration

1505: 453:(TIMS) and its sister society, the Operations Research Society of America (ORSA). 6553: 5998:

Niazi, Muaz; Siddique, Qasim; Hussain, Amir; Kolberg, Mario (April 11–15, 2010).

5971:"Verification and Validation of Agent-Based Simulations using the VOMAS approach" 5549: 4753: 4728: 4713: 4396:"Superiority bias and communication noise can enhance collective problem solving" 4083: 3871: 3818: 3764: 3319: 3287: 3148: 3089: 2880: 2782: 2168: 1036:

has created a multi-agent simulation environment Carcraft to test algorithms for

17: 7615: 7564: 7405: 7261: 6818:

An Agent-Based Model of the Flash Crash of May 6, 2010, with Policy Implications

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Mathematical modeling of collective behavior in socio-economic and life sciences

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Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Life

4993: 4370: 3988:"Hard work, risk-taking, and diversity in a model of collective problem solving" 2501: 2448: 244: 6610: 6438: 6089: 5458: 5285: 4819: 4802: 4030: 4019:

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

970:

and for domestic and international policymakers to enhance their evaluation of

7422: 7400: 6965: 6000:"Verification & Validation of an Agent-Based Forest Fire Simulation Model" 5703: 5297: 4803:"Wealth inequality and social mobility: A simulation-based modelling approach" 4729:"Path dependence and the validation of agent-based spatial models of land use" 4324: 4249: 3731: 2528: 1382: 1332: 673: 576: 462: 5760: 5470: 5435: 5361: 5345: 5181: 5114: 5041: 5002: 4961: 4922: 4888: 4873: 4098: 3681: 3622: 3586: 3542: 3393: 2889: 2298: 2177: 1659: 1119:

of a forest fire simulation model. Another software engineering method, i.e.

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Dawid, Herbert; Gatti, Delli (January 2018). "Agent-based macroeconomics".

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2009 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

2907: 2801: 2742: 2723: 2683: 2642: 2581: 2316: 2195: 1972: 1955: 1471: 1452: 1428:"Agent-based modeling: Methods and techniques for simulating human systems" 1390: 6767:

On-Line Guide for Newcomers to Agent-Based Modeling in the Social Sciences

6365:. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Vol. 254. pp. 153–200. 5843:

Klügl, F. (2008). "A validation methodology for agent-based simulations".

3362:"Spatial pattern formation facilitates eradication of infectious diseases" 7579: 7541: 7273: 7215: 6905: 6112: 5712: 5224: 4533: 4490: 857: 813: 713: 583: 553:. Bill McKelvey, Suzanne Lohmann, Dario Nardi, Dwight Read and others at 103: 6629:

Multiagent Systems: Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundations

5091:"Using Agent-Based Modeling for Water Resources Planning and Management" 4953: 4904: 4829: 4727:

Brown, Daniel G.; Page, Scott E.; Zellner, Moira; Rand, William (2005).

4412: 4395: 4060: 4003: 3902: 3603: 2366: 287:. Agent-based modeling is related to, but distinct from, the concept of 7200: 6930: 5387:

Gulyás, László; Szemes, Gábor; Kampis, George; de Back, Walter (2009).

5158: 5141: 3613: 3183:"An agent-based model for mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex" 2994: 2624: 1898: 1894: 1555: 917: 546: 514: 399: 280: 4365:. Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization. Vol. 5. pp. 1–11. 3673: 3533: 2674: 2657: 2525:

The Chaos of Forced Migration: A Modeling Means to an Humanitarian End

1688:. New York, New York: Santa Fe Institute and Oxford University Press. 7234: 7026: 6845: 6036: 4332: 4257: 4106: 2215: 1992: 1340: 925: 482:

ABM, to explore the co-evolution of social networks and culture. The

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Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing - SAC '08

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Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation

6817: 6475: 6451: 6179: 5581: 5057:"Market Design for the Transition to Renewable Electricity Systems" 4889:"Computational Modelling of Public Policy: Reflections on Practice" 4307: 4214: 2707:"Dynamics of in silico leukocyte rolling, activation, and adhesion" 2267:"Intrinsic and extrinsic noise of gene expression in lineage trees" 1323: 728:, since the data of the actual population is not always available. 7476: 6900: 5654:

Proceedings International Workshop on Super Visualisation (IWSV08)

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Simon, Herbert A. The sciences of the artificial. MIT press, 1996.

1154: 1033: 853: 6627: 6452:"Agent-based models and individualism: Is the world agent-based?" 5794:

2000 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37165)

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Harder, Nick; Qussous, Ramiz; Weidlich, Anke (October 1, 2023).

3063:

Azimi, Mohammad; Jamali, Yousef; Mofrad, Mohammad R. K. (2011).

554: 7147: 6849: 2382:"Measure of Landscape Heterogeneity by Agent-Based Methodology" 1720:

Growing artificial societies: social science from the bottom up

398:

and Bruce Hesper began experimenting with individual models of

344:

The history of the agent-based model can be traced back to the

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and an agent-based simulation has recently been demonstrated.

445:, who in the first Presidential Address of AAAI (published as 6831:

Multi-agent Meeting Scheduling System Model by Qasim Siddique

6781: 6114:

Introduction to Modelling for Biosciences (chapter 2 & 3)

5213:

SAE International Journal of Connected and Automated Vehicles

5240:"Inside Waymo's Secret World for Training Self-Driving Cars" 348:, a theoretical machine capable of reproduction. The device 324:; and (5) an environment. ABMs are typically implemented as 7143: 5940:"Empirical Validation: Agent-Based Computational Economics" 3903:"Git-repository with open access source-code for OpenCOVID" 1776:"Springer Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling Journal (CASM)" 1752:. Computational Analysis of Social Organizational Systems. 5339: 5337: 5284:

Yang, Guoqing; Wu, Zhaohui; Li, Xiumei; Chen, Wei (2003).

977:

ABM is also becoming increasingly popular in the field of

566:

Most computational modeling research describes systems in

6363:

Recent Advances in Nonlinear Dynamics and Synchronization

5530:

International Journal of Geographical Information Science

5207:

Hallerbach, S.; Xia, Y.; Eberle, U.; Koester, F. (2018).

4733:

International Journal of Geographical Information Science

4082:

Niazi, M.; Baig, A. R.; Hussain, A.; Bhatti, S. (2008).

2342:

http://complexity.io/Publications/NII-alifeVeg-eCHNG.pdf

1863:

Samuelson, Douglas A.; Macal, Charles M. (August 2006).

4053:"Application of Agent Technology to Traffic Simulation" 1954:

Aditya Kurve; Khashayar Kotobi; George Kesidis (2013).

513:

In the late 1990s, the merger of TIMS and ORSA to form

5628:

Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education

5271:

International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security

3515:

Sridhar, Devi; Majumder, Maimuna S. (April 21, 2020).

3425:

Railsback, Steven F.; Grimm, Volker (March 26, 2019).

3360:

Eisinger, Dirk; Thulke, Hans-Hermann (April 1, 2008).

2854:

Liang, Tong; Brinkman, Braden A. W. (March 14, 2022).

2380:

Wirth, E.; Szabó, Gy.; Czinkóczky, A. (June 7, 2016).

856:

analyzed an agent based simulation of posts spread in

387:

One of the earliest agent-based models in concept was

360:. Another advance was introduced by the mathematician 5350: