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Agrarian socialism

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first priority was to attain permanence on their settled land. Once settled, various MST branches were legitimized under the “social function” component of the Republic of Brazil’s constitution, meaning that their contributions to society were recognized by the government. Next, the MST looked for a way to promote their socialist values. The answer came in the form of collectivization, taking inspiration from cooperatives found in Cuba. One MST leader stated “Only agricultural cooperation would allow settlements to best develop their production, introduce the division of labor, allow access to credit and new technologies…”. However, they did not find immediate success as the rationalization of labor in these settlements sparked a great deal of tension between members.  Factors such as the inability to become profitable and the paralleled behaviors between landlords and administrators of the cooperatives stagnated the progress of the MST. However, a reevaluation of the MST’s ideals helped them refocus their struggle. First was the reintroduction of Campones tradition which placed the good of the family or community at center of decisions made on the farms. They also substituted large-scale production and rationalization of labor for subsistence farming which allowed for a less rigid organization of labor. The MST also partook in communal living, another significant element of Campones culture that encouraged families on the same cooperatives to live closely with one another. Finally, money earned by the cooperative was reinvested into the settlement to help sustain their farming technology, healthcare, and educational facilities amongst other things. The success of this rebrand created a number of opportunities for the MST. For example, in 1992 the Confederation of Agrarian Reform Cooperatives of Brazil provided the organization with support on a national level for things like education, technical training, and organizational support. The following year the MST established its first cooperative training course which became a part of the Technical Institute of Training and Research on Agrarian Reform. Furthermore, by 2008 “the MST had helped establish 161 cooperatives of various kinds, including 140 agro-industries”. Additionally, the MST collaborated with the Brazilian government to create economic stability in their settlements through the Food Acquisition Program, which requires 30% of milk served to Brazilian public Schools to be bought from agrarian reform settlements.
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combination of radicalization efforts by anarchists from Mexico City and Socialist priests, for instance, Padre Mauricio Zavala, and oppression from the creole and mestizo elite helped Huasteacans develop their peasant class consciousness. Their national and class identities fused together creating the spirit of rebellion based on the principles of abolishing private property, reclaiming land rights, obtaining access to government representation, and other civil liberties. The Huasteco people spread their ideology using pamphlets, books, and flags. The final root of the peasant revolution of 1879 occurred in 1876, when General Porfirio Diaz enlisted the help of peasants to overthrow the current president Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada in exchange for the return of peasant land rights.
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Agrarian Reform Law of 1963 were enacted. These laws acted as a catalyst for social and economic reform as they allowed for land to be redistributed amongst thousands of peasants and abolished foreign ownership of rural lands. Previously corporate-owned farms were soon turned over to small family farmers or obtained by the state for their own mass food production purposes. Cooperative farms were another product from that period of reform, which allowed small farms to group together. That strengthened the voice and power of the agricultural population in Cuba when it came to the political sphere. The cooperatives were also highly effective, with over 75% becoming profitable in 1990, compared to 27% of state-owned farms claiming the same profitability.
2065:(such as farms) in a rural society. Additionally, principles like community, sharing, and local ownership are emphasized under agrarian socialism. For instance, in rural communities in post-Soviet Russia, “social organization of labor in the peasant household is based upon highly dense networks of mutual trust and interdependences” that diminished the need for manager-employee styles of labor. Nationalist ideology can also be seen coupled with agrarian socialist ideology, sometimes serving as the foundation for peasant-led revolutions. For instance, nationalist propaganda from the fledging Chinese communist party during the Sino-Japanese War era “furthered the mobilization of the masses and helped determine the form this mobilization took.” 3195:
Huastecos lost the rights to their land and faced a caste system in which they were placed at the bottom. In the 19th century, creole and mestizo Mexican elites oppressed Huastecans by expropriating their land and privatizing it for their own political goals, which included building railroads and other capital-accumulating developments. The process of socialist radicalization for Huastecan peasants largely came from nationalist sentiments that arose after armed conflicts.
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labor are, as owners of their land, would be members of the petty bourgeoisie. Under the second definition, they can be grouped with all who provide, rather than purchase, labor power and hence with the proletariat as part of the "laboring class." Chernov, nevertheless, considered the proletariat the "vanguard," with the peasantry forming the "main body" of the revolutionary army.
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However, he betrayed them by choosing to implement liberal reforms, which strengthened private property laws and further persecuted Huastecans instead. Other peasant groups, for instance, the Morelo people of Mexico experienced the same fate as the Huastecans under the dictatorship rule of Diaz. The
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However, the success of the revolution resulted in a resurgence of peasant-favoring and socialist ideals in Cuba. That was part of the anti-imperial and anti-colonial campaign promoted by the newly-established Republic of Cuba. Under this new government, both the Agrarian Reform Law of 1959 and the
1922:(with an emphasis on decentralization and non-state forms of collective ownership), locally focused, and traditional. Governments and political parties seeking agrarian socialist policies have existed throughout the world, in regions including Europe, Asia, North America, Latin America, and Africa. 3045:
independence and self-reliance characterized the plan. To achieve complete autarky, CPK leadership asserted that the revolution would be sustained by agriculture, rice production in particular. The leadership sought to triple Cambodian rice production within a year. It evacuated urban residents en
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1917 Socialist–Revolutionary election poster: the caption in red reads партия соц-рев (in Russian), short for "Socialist Revolutionary Party." The banner bears the party's motto В борьбе обретешь ты право свое ("In struggle you take your rights"), and the globe bears the slogan земля и воля ("land
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Founded in January of 1984, the Landless Rural Workers' Movement of Brazil, was a socialist movement looking to challenge the status quo and promote the rights of labor over capital. Getting their start from the land gifted to them by the Catholic and Lutheran churches, members of this movement's
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The Cambodian Super Great Leap Forward differed from the Chinese Great Leap Forward in several key ways. The Chinese communes were intended to decentralize state power, but in Cambodia, all facets of labor and production on the communes were controlled by the state. Additionally, Cambodian policy
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in 1975, the government commenced the implementation of agrarian socialist policies in the nation’s agricultural sector. The leadership outlined a policy agenda that included the establishment of agricultural cooperatives and collectivization. It referred to these policy priorities as the plan to
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The Socialist Revolutionaries defined class membership in terms of ownership of the means of production, but Chernov and other theorists defined class membership in terms of extraction of surplus value from labor. Under the first definition, smallholding subsistence farmers who do not employ wage
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Indigenous Huastecan culture positioned community and local ownership above all else. Sharing resources and farming for the entire village was a normal occurrence in daily life. Spanish colonization and continued imperialization from other countries made that way of life fall under great duress.
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After fighting in the Mexican War of Independence and against the U.S. and the French during their respective invasions, the Huastecans developed a sense of identity as Mexican citizens. They further developed another facet of their identity from the oppression they faced from other Mexicans. A
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was primarily a rural and agricultural province throughout much of the twentieth century, with 58 percent of the labor force employed in agriculture in 1941. In 1944, the CCF formed North America’s first democratic socialist government in an unprecedented electoral victory. CCF leadership soon
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The specific cause of the agricultural crisis and resultant famine is debated, yet many sources attribute it to the Great Leap Forward. From 1958 to 1962, the Chinese Communist Party orchestrated a socioeconomic campaign, referred to as the Great Leap Forward, to rapidly develop the nation’s
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Leading up to the July 26 Revolution, both the Cuban government and Cuban citizens, especially those involved with agriculture, were heavily discontent with the sugar trade. Under this capitalist system, American enterprises claimed land previously belonging to small farmers for their own
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and the integration of some of the key Marxist concepts into their thinking and practice. In that way, with the economic spurt and the industrialization in Russia in the 1890s, they attempted to broaden their appeal to attract the rapidly growing urban workforce to their traditionally
2054:. Agrarian socialism pursues the collectivization of rural populations as opposed to agricultural policies that promote capitalistic farming. Agricultural collectivization seeks to contribute to the efficiency and productivity of large-scale farming while mitigating related issues of 3011:
and redistributed it to the peasants. The CCP began implementing agricultural collectivization in 1952. From 1952 to 1958, agricultural production grew steadily. Economists then considered Chinese agricultural policy implementation to be a success relative to the
2007:, the Socialist Party of Oklahoma enjoyed local political significance in the first 20 years of the twentieth century as an agrarian socialist party. In 1944, the CCF formed North America’s first democratic socialist government, in the Canadian province of 2931:. After a period of decline and marginalization in the 1880s, the narodnik school of thought about social change in Russia was revived and substantially modified by a group of writers and activists known as "neonarodniki" (neo-populists), particularly 3054:
held an underlying sentiment of anti-industrial and anti-urban ideology. Furthermore, urban centers managed to mitigate the total collapse of China’s rural economy, but rural Cambodia did not have any urban centers from which to receive aid.
3090:. In the gubernatorial elections, socialist candidate Fred W. Holt received over 20 percent of the statewide vote. Virtually all of the Socialist Party’s support derived from wheat-growing regions, and significant support came from farmers. 3203:
peasant groups combined their strengths and began a new socialist revolution that would abolish “any new revolutionary government that failed to address the needs of Mexico’s impoverished and politically excluded rural population…”.
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https://cambodialpj.org/article/justice-and-starvation-in-cambodia-the-khmer-rouge-famine/#:~:text=The%20Khmer%20Rouge%20began%20implementing,Rouge%20military%20with%20precious%20rice.
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As time progressed, more land was given to small farmers with state-sponsored farms in Cuba occupying 82% of cultivated land in 1988, but only 19.9% of cultivated land 2018.
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agricultural monopolies. Poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy grew tenfold, but Cubans did not have the means to stop it without causing severe harm to their economy.
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possessed a uniquely agrarian socialist agenda in contrast to other branches of the SPA. Many party leaders originated from prior agrarian movements, including the
2970:' program of nationalization of the land. The Socialist Revolutionaries wanted the division of land for the peasant tenants, rather than the Bolsheviks' desire of 3083: 1659: 2832: 1918:. Agrarian socialism involves equally distributing agricultural land among collectivized peasant villages. Many agrarian socialist movements have tended to be 1890: 2893: 2680: 368: 2660: 3106: 2975: 768: 4150: 4104: 3998: 3921: 3588: 3516: 3489: 3403: 3364: 607: 2908:
maneuvered and eliminated the other parties within the soviets, including the Socialist Revolutionaries, and seized power. That sparked the
3899: 3254: 3130: 2696: 2000: 3145:, by a merger of socialist, agrarian, and labor organizations. The CCF held the realization of socialism as an explicit political goal. 2608: 3916:
Kiernan, Ben (2004). How Pol Pot Came to Power: Colonialism, Nationalism, and Communism in Cambodia, 1930–1975. Yale University Press.
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masse to rural agriculture-zones, which led to a large supply of agricultural labor. The agricultural reform policies coincided with a
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MARIER, P. (2013). A Swedish Welfare State in North America? The Creation and Expansion of the Saskatchewan Welfare State, 1944-1982.
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O'Brien, David J.; Wegren, Stephen K.; Patsiorkovski, Valeri V. (2004-04-03). "Contemporary Rural Responses to Reform from Above".
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The intention was to widen the concept of the "people" so that it encompassed all elements in the society that were opposed to the
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implemented an extreme policy of moving the entire urban population to the countryside to become farmers, which contributed to a
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enjoyed political significance in the first 20 years of the twentieth century. The party’s electoral prominence peaked in the
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by the indigenous Huastecan culture as part of its clash with Spanish imperialism. In the 20th century, examples include the
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Badcock, Sarah (2001). "'We're for the Muzhiks' Party!' Peasant Support for the Socialist Revolutionary Party during 1917".
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realize a "Super Great Leap Forward" to an agrarian-socialist polity that was linguistically and ideologically inspired by
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Bitter Harvest: The Social Transformation of Morelos, Mexico, and the Origins of the Zapatista Revolution, 1840-1910
3766: 3094: 1876: 1664: 1429: 1091: 231: 1941:. The SRs garnered much support among Russia's rural peasantry, who in particular supported their program of land 2859:, a 17th-century group of religious and political dissidents in England, are associated with agrarian socialism. 2246: 1757: 572: 552: 361: 1972:(CPK) in the 1970s. Throughout the mid-20th century, the CCP pursued an agrarian socialist policy agenda in the 4124:
Past and Present Land Reform in Cuba (1959–2020): From Peasant Collectivization to Re-peasantization and Beyond
3962:"1914-1916 results" (PDF). Oklahoma State Election Board. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2022. 2721: 2655: 2035: 1639: 696: 587: 2618: 4243:
Agrarian Socialism: Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in Saskatchewan : A Study in Political Sociology
3086:, when over 175 socialist candidates were elected to local and county positions, and six were elected to the 2030:. Founded in 1984, the Landless Workers’ Movement of Brazil was a socialist movement pursuing land reform in 4273: 3000: 2633: 2517: 2492: 2199: 2027: 1965: 1942: 1864: 1815: 1697: 913: 753: 708: 54: 532: 3058: 2759: 2593: 2557: 2427: 2319: 2101: 1702: 1569: 1046: 808: 644: 542: 354: 251: 66: 2744: 2598: 2588: 2583: 2542: 2527: 2256: 1559: 1321: 1096: 1076: 1041: 953: 883: 858: 256: 71: 2547: 3978:
Agrarian Socialism in America : Marx, Jefferson, and Jesus in the Oklahoma Countryside, 1904-1920
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The Social Transformation of Morelos, Mexico, and the Origins, of the Zapatista Revolution 1840-1910.
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Agrarian Socialism in America: Marx, Jefferson, and Jesus in the Oklahoma Countryside, 1904-1920
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in Saskatchewan. Following this victory, the CCF government remained in power for twenty years.
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The Socialist Revolutionaries' ideology was built upon the philosophical foundation of Russia's
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of 1917 it shared power with liberal, social democratic, and other socialist parties within the
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For God and revolution : priest, peasant, and agrarian socialism in the Mexican Huasteca
1933:(the SRs). The SRs were a prominent agrarian socialist political party in early 20th-century 4199: 4167: 4139:
The Britannica Guide to Political Science and Social Movements That Changed the Modern World
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The Britannica Guide to Political Science and Social Movements That Changed the Modern World
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Lofchie, Michael F. "Review: Agrarian Socialism in the Third World: The Tanzanian Case ."
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Lofchie, Michael F. "Review: Agrarian Socialism in the Third World: The Tanzanian Case ."
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Defalco, Randle C. (2014). "Justice and Starvation in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge Famine"
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include agrarian socialist movements and sentiments that were developed in 19th-century
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For God and Revolution: Priest, Peasant, and Agrarian Socialism in the Mexican Huasteca
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Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power: The Emergence of Revolution China 1937-1945.
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in authoritarian state management. The SR policy platform differed from that of the
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Agrarian socialism emphasizes the social control, ownership, and utilization of the
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was a major political party in early-20th-century Russia and a key player in the
3580: 3395: 3284: 3275: – Political and economic ideology integrating libertarianism with Georgism 3242: 2670: 2512: 2497: 2447: 2422: 2271: 2169: 2164: 2123: 2081: 2047: 1981: 1911: 1717: 1599: 1434: 1396: 1376: 1316: 1276: 1241: 1176: 1166: 1146: 1101: 1016: 986: 948: 843: 686: 616: 482: 306: 224: 172: 150: 128: 4058:"Socialist Values and Cooperation in Brazil's Landless Rural Workers' Movement" 4131: 4041: 3944:
The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture | Oklahoma Historical Society
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Socialist Values and Cooperation in Brazil's Landless Rural Workers' Movement
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movement of the 1860s and the 1870s and its worldview developed primarily by
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Yeomen, Sharecroppers and Socialists: Plain Folk Protest in Texas, 1870-1914
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Macfarlane, Leslie J. (1998), "From Russian Socialism to Soviet Communism",
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Macfarlane, Leslie J. (1998), "From Russian Socialism to Soviet Communism",
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Agrarian Socialism: The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in Saskatchewan
3541: 3907:. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2019. 3482: 3371: 3287: – Changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership 4099:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 1–5. 3278: 3098: 3033: 2920: 2916: 2261: 1919: 236: 3637: 3613: 3602:
Hildermeier, M., Die Sozialrevolutionäre Partei Russlands. Cologne 1978.
3223: 1953:—division of land among peasant tenants rather than collectivization in 1859: 1830: 3863: 3831: 3693: 3661: 3138: 3042: 2944: 2936: 2856: 2578: 2135: 1414: 893: 873: 162: 3549: 3428: 3341: 4194:
O’Brien, David J., Stephen K. Wegren, Valeri V. Patsiorkovski. 
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Agrarian socialism is a political ideology combining principles from
2031: 2019: 1926: 1419: 155: 123: 4023:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1950. Print. 3847: 2872:
and freedom"); they express the party's agrarian socialist ideology.
3677: 3311: – Armed movement identified with the ideas of Emiliano Zapata 3114: 1973: 1231: 1961: 664: 4234:
Peasants, Agrarian Socialism, and Rural Development in Ethiopia
3662:"Collectivization and China's Agricultural Crisis in 1959-1961" 3281: – Economic philosophy centred on common ownership of land 2036:
Agrarian Reform Law of 1959 and the Agrarian Reform Law of 1963
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Russian populist tradition and Socialist Revolutionary Party
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in nature and garnered much support among Russia's rural
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Smil V. (1999). China's great famine: 40 years later.
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Botella-Rodriquez, Elisa and Angel Gonzalez-Esteban.
3245: – Political philosophy supporting rural society 3057:
Dr. Kate Frieson, a researcher and policy analyst at
2935:. Their main innovation was a renewed dialogue with 2896:
in Russia's first-ever democratic elections (to the
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United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
4184:Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005. 4056:Diniz, Aldiva Sales; Gilbert, Bruce (2013-07-04). 3511:, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2009, pp. 127–129. 4196:Contemporary Rural Responses to Reform from Above 3796:"Khmer Rouge History | Cambodia Tribunal Monitor" 3614:"An Analysis of New China's Agrarian Reform Law" 3074:Relative to socialist parties elsewhere in the 3041:'s Great Leap Forward in China. An emphasis on 4198:. The Russian Review 63, no 2 (2004) 256-276. 3832:"The Political Nature of Democratic Kampuchea" 3573:Socialism, Social Ownership and Social Justice 3388:Socialism, Social Ownership and Social Justice 2962:, which particularly supported the program of 4141:, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2009, pp.  3980:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999. 3305: – Variations of the economic philosophy 2826: 1884: 362: 8: 3575:, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 142–174, 2904:had gained control of the country, and the 1968:(CCP) from the 1940s to the 1970s, and the 4191:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962. 4126:. Rural History 32, no. 2 (2021) 249-264. 3165:Landless Rural Workers' Movement of Brazil 2833: 2819: 2067: 1991:Examples of agrarian socialist parties in 1925:Examples of agrarian socialist parties in 1891: 1877: 380: 369: 355: 29: 3263: – 1975–1979 state in Southeast Asia 3251: – Type of agricultural organization 4034:Journal of Policy History : JPH, 25 2976:Russian Social Democratic Labour Parties 2866: 3475:Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power 3325: 3020:agricultural and industrial economies. 3014:Soviet Union's collectivization in 1929 2079: 392: 32: 4051: 4049: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3883:The Cambodia Law and Policy Journal. 3 3390:, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 142–174, 3093:As a semi-autonomous affiliate of the 1906:is a political ideology that promotes 3993:. James Lorimer & Company. p. 5. 3877: 3875: 3873: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3713: 3711: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3647: 2058:or overmigration to urban districts. 1980:, from 1975 to 1979, the CPK and the 1660:International socialist organizations 608:To each according to his contribution 7: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3382: 3380: 3351: 3349: 3255:Collectivization in the Soviet Union 3131:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 3125:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 3048:period of mass starvation and famine 3007:, which confiscated the property of 2894:won a plurality of the national vote 2661:Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany 2001:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 4158:Diniz, Aldiva.S and Bruce Gilbert. 3473:Johnson, Chalmers A. (2021-11-25). 3299: – Variant of Marxism–Leninism 3137:political party founded in 1932 in 2609:Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union 3897:Fletcher, Dan (17 February 2009). 25: 3164: 4254:, Texas A&M University Press 4245:, University of California Press 4204:10.1111/j.1467-9434.2004.00316.x 3454:10.1111/j.1467-9434.2004.00316.x 3222: 3208: 2912:and the subsequent persecution. 2800: 2788: 2740:Agrarian conservatism in Germany 2089: 1858: 1846: 1829: 400: 3216:Agriculture and agronomy portal 4227:, University of Oklahoma Press 3097:(SPA), the Socialist Party of 2890:Russian Provisional Government 1: 3771:Association for Asian Studies 3477:. Stanford University Press. 2950:The party's program was both 2878:Socialist Revolutionary Party 2702:International Agrarian Bureau 2629:South Tyrolean People's Party 1976:(PRC). Inspired by the CCP’s 1931:Socialist Revolutionary Party 493:Critique of political economy 4137:Campbell, Heather M (2009), 3991:Our Lives: Canada After 1945 3767:"China's Great Leap Forward" 3743:"China's Great Leap Forward" 3666:Journal of Political Economy 3507:Campbell, Heather M (2009), 3293: – Political philosophy 3030:Communist Party of Kampuchea 3024:Communist Party of Kampuchea 2898:Russian Constituent Assembly 1970:Communist Party of Kampuchea 1763:Socialist calculation debate 1733:List of socialist economists 1708:Economic calculation problem 593:Socialist mode of production 450:Socialist calculation debate 4164:Latin American Perspectives 4062:Latin American Perspectives 3719:BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 3581:10.1007/978-1-349-26987-7_9 3464:– via Wiley Online Library. 3396:10.1007/978-1-349-26987-7_9 3190:Huasteco agrarian socialism 3080:Socialist Party of Oklahoma 3070:Socialist Party of Oklahoma 2666:Democratic-Republican Party 2614:National Party of Australia 1997:Socialist Party of Oklahoma 4300: 4250:Wilkison, Kyle G. (2008), 3095:Socialist Party of America 3088:Oklahoma state legislature 2940:peasant-oriented program. 2024:Landless Workers’ Movement 1974:People’s Republic of China 4166:40, no. 4 (2012): 19–34. 4132:10.1017/S0956793321000108 4042:10.1017/S0898030613000328 4001:Retrieved 20 August 2012. 3731:10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1619 3660:Lin, Justin Yifu (1990). 3423:8.3 (1976): 479-99. Web. 3336:8.3 (1976): 479-99. Web. 2247:Back-to-the-land movement 1914:production as opposed to 1758:Socialism and LGBT rights 702:Socialist-oriented market 650:Socialist planned economy 553:Material balance planning 4241:Lipset, Seymour (1971), 4232:Dejene, Alemneh (1987), 4172:10.1177/0094582X13484290 4074:10.1177/0094582X13484290 3355:Saka, Mark Saad (2013). 2722:List of agrarian parties 2656:Agrarian Party of Russia 2003:(CCF) in Canada. In the 697:Socialist market economy 622:Workers' self-management 588:Socialism in one country 435:Age of the Enlightenment 3612:Ganguli, B. N. (1953). 3032:(CPK) came to power in 3001:Chinese Communist Party 2995:Chinese Communist Party 2892:. In November 1917, it 2604:Farmer–Citizen Movement 2200:Subsistence agriculture 2028:Communist Party of Cuba 1966:Chinese Communist Party 1698:Criticism of capitalism 709:Participatory economics 543:Labour-time calculation 3830:Frieson, Kate (1988). 3747:chronicle.uchicago.edu 3618:Indian Economic Review 3542:10.1080/09668130124440 3152:implemented universal 3059:Royal Roads University 2873: 2795:Agriculture portal 2760:Industrial agriculture 2594:Croatian Peasant Party 1703:Criticism of socialism 655:Decentralized planning 558:Peer‑to‑peer economics 4223:Bissett, Jim (2002), 4187:Johnson, Chalmers A. 3989:Alvin Finkel (1997). 3483:10.1515/9781503620582 2978:, both Bolshevik and 2870: 2681:Polish People's Party 2619:Polish People's Party 2599:Estonian Centre Party 2589:Centre Party (Sweden) 2584:Centre Party (Norway) 2257:Country life movement 3800:cambodiatribunal.org 3421:Comparative Politics 3334:Comparative Politics 3261:Democratic Kampuchea 3135:democratic socialist 2966:, as opposed to the 2634:Swiss People's Party 1853:Communism portal 1836:Socialism portal 528:Industrial democracy 478:Collective ownership 232:Types of communities 4095:Hart, Paul (2005). 3725:(7225), 1619–1621. 3530:Europe-Asia Studies 3291:Localism (politics) 3050:from 1975 to 1979. 3005:Agrarian Reform Law 2886:February Revolution 2807:Politics portal 2148:Agricultural policy 2063:means of production 1738:Market abolitionism 1723:Left-libertarianism 660:Inclusive Democracy 627:Workplace democracy 473:Calculation in kind 455:Socialist economics 445:Revolutions of 1848 4279:Political theories 4269:Agrarian socialism 4084:– via JSTOR. 3303:Types of socialism 3249:Collective farming 3003:(CCP) enacted the 2964:land-socialization 2882:Russian Revolution 2874: 2750:Green conservatism 2712:Southern Agrarians 2267:Nordic agrarianism 2242:Agrarian socialism 2026:of Brazil and the 1978:Great Leap Forward 1957:state management. 1945:as opposed to the 1939:Russian Revolution 1904:Agrarian socialism 1743:Marxist philosophy 563:Production for use 533:Input–output model 498:Economic democracy 146:Indigenous peoples 27:Political ideology 18:Agrarian socialist 4208:Saka, Mark Saad. 4152:978-1-61530-062-4 4106:978-0-8263-3663-7 3999:978-1-55028-551-2 3940:"Socialist Party" 3922:978-0-300-10262-8 3590:978-1-349-26989-1 3517:978-1-61530-062-4 3490:978-1-5036-2058-2 3404:978-1-349-26989-1 3365:978-0-8263-5339-9 3273:Geolibertarianism 3103:Farmers' Alliance 3084:elections of 1914 2910:Russian Civil War 2843: 2842: 2624:Progressive Party 2195:Rural development 2042:Theory and praxis 1916:private ownership 1901: 1900: 1693:Communist society 1665:Socialist parties 924:Saint-Simonianism 513:Equal opportunity 503:Economic planning 440:French Revolution 379: 378: 16:(Redirected from 4291: 4255: 4246: 4237: 4236:, Westview Press 4228: 4155: 4111: 4110: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4053: 4044: 4030: 4024: 4017: 4002: 3987: 3981: 3974: 3963: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3935: 3924: 3914: 3908: 3895: 3889: 3879: 3868: 3867: 3827: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3792: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3753: 3739: 3733: 3715: 3706: 3705: 3672:(6): 1228–1252. 3657: 3642: 3641: 3609: 3603: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3525: 3519: 3505: 3499: 3471: 3465: 3438: 3432: 3417: 3406: 3384: 3375: 3353: 3344: 3330: 3232: 3230:Socialism portal 3227: 3226: 3218: 3213: 3212: 3211: 3111:crop lien system 3009:feudal landlords 2972:collectivization 2925:Alexander Herzen 2835: 2828: 2821: 2805: 2804: 2793: 2792: 2791: 2765:Peasant movement 2175:Food sovereignty 2160:Decentralization 2155:Communitarianism 2131:Agrarian society 2093: 2068: 1949:program of land 1910:of agrarian and 1908:social ownership 1893: 1886: 1879: 1865:Organized Labour 1863: 1862: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1834: 1833: 1778:Workers' council 1415:Gracchi Brothers 939:Social democracy 682:Market socialism 670:Project Cybersyn 598:Soviet democracy 583:Social ownership 538:Internationalism 518:Free association 488:Common ownership 404: 381: 371: 364: 357: 329:Peasant movement 319:Nomadic conflict 67:Delivery service 30: 21: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4288: 4259: 4258: 4249: 4240: 4231: 4222: 4219: 4217:Further reading 4153: 4136: 4119: 4114: 4107: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4055: 4054: 4047: 4031: 4027: 4018: 4005: 3988: 3984: 3975: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3948: 3946: 3937: 3936: 3927: 3915: 3911: 3900:The Khmer Rouge 3896: 3892: 3880: 3871: 3848:10.2307/2760458 3836:Pacific Affairs 3829: 3828: 3813: 3804: 3802: 3794: 3793: 3784: 3775: 3773: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3751: 3749: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3716: 3709: 3659: 3658: 3645: 3611: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3506: 3502: 3472: 3468: 3439: 3435: 3418: 3409: 3385: 3378: 3359:. 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M. 4003: 3982: 3976:Bissett, Jim. 3964: 3955: 3925: 3909: 3890: 3869: 3842:(3): 405–427. 3811: 3782: 3758: 3734: 3707: 3678:10.1086/261732 3643: 3604: 3595: 3589: 3563: 3536:(1): 133–149. 3520: 3500: 3466: 3448:(2): 256–276. 3442:Russian Review 3433: 3407: 3376: 3345: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3233: 3219: 3191: 3188: 3175: 3172: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3126: 3123: 3107:Farmers' Union 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3025: 3022: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2933:Viktor Chernov 2864: 2861: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2837: 2830: 2823: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2809: 2797: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2736: 2734:Related topics 2733: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2719: 2717:United Farmers 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2676:People's Party 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 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181: 180: 178:in Agriculture 170: 165: 160: 159: 158: 148: 143: 142: 141: 136: 131: 129:Family farmers 120: 117: 116: 113: 112: 109: 108: 107: 106: 101: 91: 90: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 59: 58: 57: 46: 41: 40: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4296: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4108: 4102: 4098: 4091: 4088: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4026: 4022: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3956: 3945: 3941: 3938:Bisset, Jim. 3934: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3870: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 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Retrieved 3943: 3912: 3904: 3898: 3893: 3882: 3839: 3835: 3803:. Retrieved 3799: 3774:. Retrieved 3770: 3761: 3750:. Retrieved 3746: 3737: 3722: 3718: 3669: 3665: 3624:(3): 14–32. 3621: 3617: 3607: 3598: 3572: 3566: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3508: 3503: 3474: 3469: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3420: 3387: 3356: 3333: 3328: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3168: 3149:Saskatchewan 3147: 3133:(CCF) was a 3128: 3092: 3073: 3056: 3052: 3027: 3018: 2998: 2984: 2963: 2949: 2942: 2929:Pyotr Lavrov 2914: 2884:. After the 2875: 2854: 2775:Urban sprawl 2770:Smart growth 2649: 2648: 2573: 2543:Van der Plas 2294:Philosophers 2241: 2212:Smallholding 2080: 2060: 2056:landlessness 2045: 2014:Examples in 2013: 2009:Saskatchewan 1995:include the 1990: 1964:include the 1960:Examples in 1959: 1929:include the 1924: 1912:agricultural 1903: 1902: 809:Evolutionary 743: 729:21st-century 523:Freed market 311: 284:Agricultural 225:Agricultural 168:Smallholders 151:Pastoralists 3285:Land reform 3243:Agrarianism 2900:), but the 2671:Lytvyn Bloc 2639:Union Party 2553:Littleproud 2508:Mikołajczyk 2407:Politicians 2272:Physiocracy 2252:Chłopomania 2165:Familialism 2124:Land reform 2082:Agrarianism 2048:agrarianism 1982:Khmer Rouge 1937:during the 1840:WikiProject 1718:French Left 1510:Spiridonova 1409:Politicians 1322:Castoriadis 1002:Saint-Simon 954:Third World 949:Syndicalism 884:Nationalist 859:Libertarian 824:Free-market 687:Lange model 675:Soviet-type 645:Communalism 617:Vanguardism 573:Spontaneism 483:Cooperative 429:Development 307:Agrarianism 99:Reservation 62:Development 4263:Categories 3949:2023-04-25 3805:2023-04-25 3776:2023-04-25 3752:2023-04-25 3316:References 3039:Mao Zedong 2968:Bolsheviks 2956:democratic 2906:Bolsheviks 2745:Allotments 2548:Karbauskis 2523:Malinowski 2493:Ásgeirsson 2350:Chesterton 2320:Limanowski 2277:Poporanism 2185:Patriotism 2113:Principles 2071:Part of a 1811:Socialists 1806:By country 1688:Capitalism 1570:Mitterrand 1535:Gerhardsen 1480:Liebknecht 1465:Markievicz 1392:Varoufakis 1342:Fotopoulos 1012:Saint-Just 1007:Buonarroti 992:Campanella 929:Scientific 864:Marhaenism 819:Fourierism 804:Ecological 784:Democratic 324:Parliament 242:By Country 134:Farmworker 34:Rural area 4284:Socialism 4082:143810405 3856:0030-851X 3702:154544362 3686:0022-3808 3630:0019-4670 3558:153536229 3497:244717495 3462:0036-0341 3372:854583739 3309:Zapatismo 3028:Once the 2980:Menshevik 2960:peasantry 2952:socialist 2755:Enclosure 2707:Narodniks 2528:Rasmussen 2413:Jefferson 2390:Callicott 2282:Zapatismo 2224:Tradition 2205:Subsidies 2052:socialism 1947:Bolshevik 1683:Anarchism 1605:Gorbachev 1455:Malatesta 1450:Bernstein 1227:Pankhurst 1207:Pannekoek 1197:Luxemburg 1152:Plekhanov 1127:Carpenter 1122:Kropotkin 919:Ricardian 909:Religious 904:Reformism 889:Nkrumaism 879:Municipal 779:Communism 774:Christian 759:Blanquism 749:Anarchism 692:Mutualism 394:Socialism 312:Socialism 210:Diversity 43:Economics 3638:45149657 3321:Footnote 3279:Georgism 3237:See also 3154:Medicare 3105:and the 3099:Oklahoma 3043:autarkic 3034:Cambodia 2947:regime. 2921:populist 2917:narodnik 2503:Kekkonen 2473:Hundseid 2395:Thompson 2365:Chayanov 2335:Stolypin 2262:Georgism 2236:Variants 2180:Localism 1999:and the 1801:Category 1540:Erlander 1500:Kerensky 1470:Connolly 1327:Thompson 1312:Bookchin 1302:Montseny 1252:Vanzetti 1217:Einstein 1187:Landauer 1092:Saltykov 1087:Lassalle 1047:Proudhon 829:Gandhian 814:Feminist 764:Buddhist 744:Agrarian 722:Variants 386:a series 384:Part of 301:Politics 289:Regional 237:Rurality 200:Agrarian 77:Internet 4143:127–129 3885:. Web. 3864:2760458 3694:2937756 3139:Alberta 3119:tenancy 2945:Tsarist 2937:Marxism 2902:soviets 2857:Diggers 2851:Diggers 2650:Defunct 2644:Venstre 2579:Atassut 2570:Parties 2538:Vējonis 2518:Fälldin 2463:Townley 2428:Boström 2418:Cobbett 2375:Logsdon 2370:Leopold 2310:Cobbett 2305:du Pont 2300:Quesnay 2136:Peasant 2102:History 1635:Sánchez 1620:Sankara 1580:Mandela 1565:Kreisky 1555:Allende 1550:Senghor 1545:Douglas 1530:Durruti 1495:Trotsky 1387:Graeber 1367:Hampton 1337:Chomsky 1282:Marcuse 1267:Gramsci 1257:Bordiga 1247:Polanyi 1202:Russell 1192:Berkman 1182:Goldman 1172:Du Bois 1142:Kautsky 1137:Bellamy 1102:Tolstoy 1077:Wallace 1062:Bakunin 1052:Greeley 1042:Blanqui 1022:Fourier 969:Zionist 959:Utopian 899:Popular 894:Owenism 874:Marxism 854:Liberal 839:Islamic 799:Ethical 794:Digital 769:Chinese 734:African 418:Outline 413:History 277:History 220:Tourism 205:Country 193:Society 163:Peasant 94:Poverty 87:Housing 4149:  4103:  4080:  3997:  3920:  3862:  3854:  3700:  3692:  3684:  3636:  3628:  3587:  3556:  3550:826242 3548:  3515:  3495:  3488:  3460:  3429:421410 3427:  3402:  3370:  3363:  3342:421410 3340:  3297:Maoism 3143:Canada 3117:, and 3078:, the 2846:Europe 2574:Active 2533:Pawlak 2498:McEwen 2458:Zapata 2443:Kallio 2433:Watson 2325:Watson 2315:Wagner 2073:series 2032:Brazil 2020:Mexico 1986:famine 1935:Russia 1927:Europe 1630:Marcos 1625:Chávez 1615:Corbyn 1590:Manley 1585:Dubček 1575:Nasser 1515:Makhno 1505:Attlee 1490:Martov 1475:Gandhi 1430:Babeuf 1420:Mazdak 1382:Hedges 1362:Öcalan 1347:Newton 1307:Sartre 1297:Guérin 1292:Orwell 1242:Korsch 1237:Lukács 1222:Keller 1212:Rocker 1157:Ferrer 1112:Morris 1107:Michel 1082:Lavrov 1072:Engels 1057:Herzen 1032:Leroux 964:Yellow 869:Market 844:Jewish 639:Models 247:Canada 215:Flight 156:Herder 139:Tenant 124:Farmer 118:People 104:Ghetto 82:Health 50:Crafts 4078:S2CID 3860:JSTOR 3698:S2CID 3690:JSTOR 3634:JSTOR 3554:S2CID 3546:JSTOR 3493:S2CID 3425:JSTOR 3338:JSTOR 3115:usury 2558:Vedum 2488:Olson 2483:Tildy 2478:Rataj 2453:Witos 2448:Maniu 2438:Alkio 2423:Posse 2380:Berry 2355:Witos 2340:Alkio 1920:rural 1816:Songs 1790:Lists 1595:Palme 1445:Bebel 1435:Blanc 1397:Saito 1372:Žižek 1352:Wolff 1287:James 1272:Sacco 1262:Serge 1232:Volin 1177:Gorky 1167:Wells 1162:Dewey 1147:Wilde 1132:Sorel 1117:Jones 1027:Cabet 997:Paine 944:State 934:Sewer 834:Guild 612:needs 467:Ideas 252:China 173:Women 55:India 4147:ISBN 4101:ISBN 3995:ISBN 3918:ISBN 3905:Time 3852:ISSN 3682:ISSN 3626:ISSN 3585:ISBN 3513:ISBN 3486:ISBN 3458:ISSN 3400:ISBN 3368:OCLC 3361:ISBN 3174:Cuba 3129:The 2990:Asia 2954:and 2927:and 2919:, a 2876:The 2855:The 2513:Nagy 2468:Page 2385:Inge 2345:Lund 2330:Wood 2217:Farm 2050:and 1962:Asia 1610:Lula 1525:Nagy 1520:Tito 1485:Blum 1460:Debs 1440:Hong 1425:Roux 1377:West 1332:Ward 1317:Zinn 1067:Marx 1017:Owen 987:More 739:Arab 665:OGAS 257:Laos 4200:doi 4168:doi 4128:doi 4070:doi 4038:doi 3844:doi 3727:doi 3723:319 3674:doi 3577:doi 3538:doi 3479:doi 3450:doi 3392:doi 2697:CCF 2360:Kot 1600:Che 1357:Ali 1277:Day 1037:Sue 4265:: 4180:: 4162:. 4145:, 4076:. 4066:40 4064:. 4060:. 4048:^ 4006:^ 3967:^ 3942:. 3928:^ 3903:. 3872:^ 3858:. 3850:. 3840:61 3838:. 3834:. 3814:^ 3798:. 3785:^ 3769:. 3745:. 3721:, 3710:^ 3696:. 3688:. 3680:. 3670:98 3668:. 3664:. 3646:^ 3632:. 3620:. 3616:. 3583:, 3552:. 3544:. 3534:53 3532:. 3456:. 3446:63 3444:. 3410:^ 3398:, 3379:^ 3348:^ 3141:, 3121:. 3113:, 2075:on 2038:. 2011:. 1988:. 388:on 4202:: 4170:: 4130:: 4109:. 4072:: 4040:: 3952:. 3866:. 3846:: 3808:. 3779:. 3755:. 3729:: 3704:. 3676:: 3640:. 3622:1 3579:: 3560:. 3540:: 3481:: 3452:: 3431:. 3394:: 3374:. 2834:e 2827:t 2820:v 1892:e 1885:t 1878:v 1842:) 1838:( 610:/ 370:e 363:t 356:v 20:)

Index

Agrarian socialist
Rural area
Economics
Crafts
India
Development
Delivery service
Electrification
Internet
Health
Housing
Poverty
Reservation
Ghetto
Farmer
Family farmers
Farmworker
Tenant
Indigenous peoples
Pastoralists
Herder
Peasant
Smallholders
Women
in Agriculture
Society
Agrarian
Country
Diversity
Flight

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