1476:, as in some older patent systems), though the description and drawings are to be used as interpretive aids in determining the meaning of the claims. A "Protocol on the Interpretation of Article 69 EPC" provides further guidance, that claims are to be construed using a "fair" middle position, neither "strict, literal" nor as mere guidelines to considering the description and drawings, though of course even the protocol is subject to national interpretation. The authentic text of a European patent application and of a European patent are the documents in the language of the proceedings.
1480:
of the patent, infringement of product claims by processes for making or using, exports, assembly of parts into an infringing whole, etc.), the effect of prosecution history on interpretation of the claims, remedies for infringement or bad faith enforcement (injunction, damages, attorney fees, other civil penalties for wilful infringement, etc.), equitable defences, coexistence of an EP national daughter and a national patent for identical subject matter, ownership and assignment, extensions to patent term for regulatory approval, etc., are expressly remitted to national law.
1429:. That is also the date of publication of the B1 document, i.e. the European patent specification. This means that the European patent is granted and confers rights in all its designated Contracting States at the date of mention of the grant, whether or not a prescribed translation is filed with a national patent office later on (though the right may later be deemed never to have existed in any particular State if a translation is not subsequently filed in time, as described below).
1569:(PCT), i.e. the filing of a PCT application, and then the entry into "European regional phase", i.e. the transition from the international to the European procedural stages. The European patent application is therefore said to be a "Euro-PCT application" and the EPO is said to act as a designated or elected Office. In case of conflict between the provisions of the EPC and those of the PCT, the provisions of the PCT and its Regulations prevail over those of the EPC.
45:
138:
1612:, have "closed their national route". This means that, for these countries, it is not possible to obtain a national patent through the international (PCT) phase without entering into the regional European phase and obtaining a European patent. The "national route" for Italy was closed until 30 June 2020, but Italy then reopened it for PCT applications filed on or after 1 July 2020.
1491:, the European Court of Justice held that European patents are national rights that must be enforced nationally, that it was "unavoidable" that infringements of the same European patent have to be litigated in each relevant national court, even if the lawsuit is against the same group of companies, and that cross-border injunctions are not available.
1323:, mathematical methods, aesthetic creations, schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business, programs for computers and presentations of information are not regarded as inventions and are excluded from patentability only to the extent that the invention relates to those areas
1433:
languages, the applicant for or proprietor of the patent shall supply to its central industrial property office a translation of this text in one of its official languages at his option or, where that State has prescribed the use of one specific official language, in that language". The
European patent is
1479:
All other substantive rights attached to a
European patent in a Contracting State, such as what acts constitute infringement (indirect and divided infringement, infringement by equivalents, extraterritorial infringement, infringement outside the term of the patent with economic effect during the term
1471:
is remitted entirely to national law and to national courts. In one of its very few substantive interventions into national law, the EPC requires that national courts must consider the "direct product of a patented process" to be an infringement. The "extent of the protection" conferred by a
European
1432:
A translation of a granted
European patent must be filed in some EPC Contracting States to avoid loss of right. Namely, in the Contracting States which have "prescribe that if the text, in which the European Patent Office intends to grant a European patent (...) is not drawn up in one of its official
1389:
During the prosecution phase, a
European patent is a single regional proceeding, and "the grant of a European patent may be requested for one or more of the Contracting States." All Contracting States are considered designated upon filing of a European patent application. and the designations need to
1104:
has an extension agreement with the EPO so that, in effect, this state can be designated in a
European patent application. Several other "extension states" have since become states parties to the EPC. Furthermore, so-called "validation agreements" with Morocco, Moldova, Tunisia, and Cambodia are also
1091:
Throughout the history of the EPC, some non-contracting States have concluded cooperation agreements with the
European Patent Organisation, known as extension or validation agreements. These states then became "extension states" or "validation states", which means that European patents granted by the
1412:
process, subject to appeal, which can lead to maintenance, maintenance in amended form or revocation of a
European patent. Simultaneously to the opposition, a European patent may be the subject of litigation at a national level (for example an infringement dispute). National courts may suspend such
1378:
European patent applications may be filed in any language, but they are prosecuted only in one of the three official languages of the EPO – English, French and German. If an application is filed in another language than an official language, a translation must be filed into one of the three official
1252:
the "Implementing
Regulations to the Convention on the Grant of European patents", commonly known as the "Implementing Regulations". The function of the Implementing Regulations is "to determine in more detail how the Articles should be applied". In case of conflict between the provisions of the EPC
1439:
in a designated
Contracting State where the required translation (if required) is not filed within the prescribed time limit after grant. In other Contracting States, no translation needs to be filed, for example in Ireland if the European patent is in English. In those Contracting States where the
1421:
In contrast to the unified, regional character of a European patent application, the granted European patent does not comprise, in effect, any such unitary character, except for the opposition procedure. In other words, one European patent in one Contracting State is effectively independent of the
400:
the creation of a European Patent Office. His proposal, known as the "Longchambon plan", marked the beginning of the work on a European patent law aimed at a "European patent". His plan was however not found to be practicable by the Council's Committee of Experts in patent matters. The meetings of
1459:
Almost all attributes of a European patent in a Contracting State, i.e. ownership, validity, and infringement, are determined independently under respective national law, except for the opposition procedure, limitation procedure, and revocation procedure as discussed above. Though the EPC imposes
1096:
EPC, are not based on a "direct application of the EPC but solely on national law modelled on the EPC", and exist to assist with the establishment of national property rights in these states. As is the case in EPO contracting states, the rights conferred to European patents validated/extended to
352:
is used to refer to patents granted under the European Patent Convention. However, a European patent is not a unitary right, but a group of essentially independent nationally enforceable, nationally revocable patents, subject to central revocation or narrowing as a group pursuant to two types of
1847:
There is no consistent usage of a particular expression to refer to "the European patent in a particular designated Contracting State for which it is granted". The article uses the expression "a European patent in a Contracting State" which is considered to be the most consistent with the
1256:
the "Protocol on Jurisdiction and the recognition of decisions in respect of the right to the grant of a European patent", commonly known as the "Protocol on Recognition". This protocol deals with the right to the grant of a European patent but exclusively applies to European patent
2458:
The extension system largely corresponds to the EPC system operating in the EPC contracting states, except that it is based not on direct application of the EPC but solely on national law modelled on the EPC. It is therefore subject to the national extension rules of the country
3212:
3197:
3877:
3867:
1092:
EPO may be extended to those countries through the payment of additional fees and completion of certain formalities. Such cooperation agreements are concluded by the President of the European Patent Office on behalf of the European Patent Organisation pursuant to
3872:
1374:
The Convention also includes provisions setting out filing requirements of European applications, the procedure up to grant, the opposition procedure and other aspects relating to the prosecution of patent applications under the Convention.
406:
402:
1677:(...) a European patent is no more than a bundle of national patents pursuant to a single application. Until a true community patent becomes a reality it seems likely that true community enforcement will continue to elude patent owners.
1390:
be "confirmed" later during the procedure through the payment of designation fees. Once granted by the EPO, a European patent comes into existence effectively as a group of national patents in each of the designated Contracting States.
2083:
The European Patent Convention ('the EPC'), signed at Munich on 5 October 1973, is a treaty to which 38 States, including all the Member States of the European Union, are now parties. The European Union is not a party to the EPC.
3205:
3190:
1833:
In addition to the opposition procedure and even after it has ended, particular acts can still be performed before the European Patent Office, such as requesting a rectification of an incorrect designation of inventor under
1527:
an improper proprietor—in some jurisdictions, only the person pretending to be entitled to the European patent can raise this specific ground, so that the resulting nullity of the patent may be relative to some persons
3831:
1405:
4553:
420:
took place and the Convention was then signed in Munich (the Convention is sometimes known as the "Munich Convention"). The signature of the Convention was the accomplishment of a decade-long discussion during which
1444:
is in force the requirement to file a translation of the European patent has been entirely or partially waived. If a translation is required, a fee covering the publication of said translation may be due as well.
514:
are party to the EPC but are not members of the EU. Further, the EU is not a party to the EPC, although all members of the EU are party to the EPC. The Convention is, as of October 2022, in force in 39 countries.
1672:(see also "Enforcement and validity" section), which reinforced the independent character of a European patent in each Contracting State. As Tom Scourfield wrote in an article commenting on these two decisions:
1549:, which can be up to one year earlier. The term of a granted European patent may be extended under national law if national law provides term extension to compensate for pre-marketing regulatory approval. For
3948:
3519:
The list of States which are party to the EPC and which have closed the national route now includes Belgium, Cyprus, France, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, the Netherlands, San Marino and
3340:
according to which an international application, i.e. a PCT application, has the effect of a regular European patent application as of the international filing date under certain conditions (see for instance
1097:
these states are the same as national patents in those states. However, the extension of a European patent or patent application to these states is "not subject to the jurisdiction of the boards of appeal."
1645:
The view that a European patent issues as independent national patents in each designated Contracting state is very convenient from a practical point of view. Some however consider this view as incorrect:
1511:
1170:
4528:
3862:
2678:
2498:
2472:
3980:
1379:
languages, within two months from the date of filing. The official language of filing (or of the translation) is adopted as the "language of proceedings" and is used by the EPO for communications.
197:
3893:
2342:[European patents in Tunisia: The validation agreement between the EPO and Tunisia will enter into force on December 1] (in French). European Patent Office. 3 October 2017. Archived from
1651:
The view that, after grant, a European patent breaks up into a bundle of national patents in designated Contracting States may appear plausible, but it is incorrect both in law and systematically
1312:
However, the EPC provides further indications on what is and is not patentable. Specifically, the EPC sets forth exclusions under Article 52(2) and (3) EPC and exclusions under Article 53 EPC.
3974:
1858:
3805:
3933:
3841:
3358:
2898:
2421:
1862:
1753:
4583:
1541:
of 20 years from the filing date, the filing date being the actual date of filing an application for a European patent or the date of filing of an international application under the
1162:
4523:
3826:
3756:
2629:, "Reasons for the Opinion", point 3, first sentence: "The EPC constitutes, according to its preamble, a special agreement within the meaning of Article 19 of the Paris Convention".
1399:
354:
17:
1408:. The opposition procedure, governed by the EPC, allows third parties to file an opposition against a European patent within 9 months of the date of grant of that patent. It is a
3985:
3928:
1330:
2368:
1425:
A European patent confers rights on its proprietor, in each Contracting State in respect of which it is granted, from the date of publication of the mention of its grant in the
1234:
1460:
some common limits, the EPC expressly adopts national law for interpretation of all substantive attributes of a European patent in a Contracting State, with a few exceptions.
1298:
1146:
3836:
527:
3821:
1369:
3968:
2257:
2236:
1947:
Decision of the President of the European Patent Office dated 10 May 1989 on the setting up of a Filing Office in the Berlin sub-office of the European Patent Office
4588:
4538:
1518:
1503:
EPC limits the application of national law to only the following grounds of invalidity, and specifies that the standards for each ground are those of national law:
1248:
The content of the Convention includes several texts in addition to the main 178 articles. These additional texts, which are integral parts of the Convention, are:
1186:
4548:
4000:
3953:
2172:
1783:
Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey, Montserrat and Turks and Caicos Islands, as well as the
1386:
in a similar fashion to most patent systems – the invention is searched and published, and subsequently examined for compliance with the requirements of the EPC.
3417:
4533:
1413:
infringement proceedings pending outcome of the opposition proceedings to avoid proceedings running in parallel and the uncertainties that may arise from that.
1359:". Products, "in particular substances or compositions", for use in any of these therapeutic or diagnostic methods are not excluded from patentability, however.
311:
4323:
1294:
1138:
1857:
In rare cases, the filing date can be even more than one year after the priority date if the applicant missed the priority year and successfully obtained a
4573:
4543:
1178:
3749:
1241:
of 19 June 1970." The European Patent Convention currently does not lead to the grant of centrally enforceable patents in all 39 countries, although the
1220:
1787:
countries Belize, Fiji, Grenada, Guyana, Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, generally within 3 years of grant of the European patent as explained in
1237:, signed in Paris on 20 March 1883 and last revised on 14 July 1967, and a regional patent treaty within the meaning of Article 45, paragraph 1, of the
141:
522:
A diplomatic conference was held in November 2000 in Munich to revise the Convention, amongst other things to integrate in the EPC new developments in
2912: : "Admissible languages; time limit for filing the translation of the application"; "European patent applications can be filed in any language."
1507:
if the subject-matter of the European patent is not patentable within the terms of Articles 52 to 57 EPC (see "Substantive patent law" section above);
4578:
4563:
4558:
1626:
1355:
methods practised on the human or animal body (Article 53(c) EPC), which have been excluded for "socio-ethical considerations and considerations of
1130:
2601:
2178:
Notice from the European Patent Office dated 27 January 2006 concerning deposit of the fifteenth instrument of ratification of the EPC Revision Act
1154:
4398:
4358:
3923:
2639:
1792:
2622:
1483:
For a period in the late-1990s, national courts issued cross-border injunctions covering all EP jurisdictions, but this has been limited by the
49:
European Patent Convention Contracting States in dark green, extension agreement states in light green and validation agreement states in violet
1263:
the "Protocol on the Centralisation of the European Patent System and on its Introduction", commonly known as the "Protocol on Centralisation";
1260:
the "Protocol on Privileges and Immunities of the European Patent Organisation", commonly known as the "Protocol on Privileges and Immunities";
1105:
in effect since 1 March 2015, 1 November 2015, 1 December 2017, and 1 March 2018, respectively. A further validation agreement was signed with
2878:
4568:
4303:
3742:
3689:
3670:
3649:
3628:
3607:
3575:
4468:
4458:
1554:
358:
282:
202:
3938:
3498:
3464:
3434:
1472:
patent is determined primarily by reference to the claims of the European patent (rather than by the disclosure of the specification and
879:
States with an extension (E) or validation (V) agreement with the European Patent Office (EPO), with respective date of entry into force
4363:
4318:
2722:
EPC, but this is only relevant in cases of breach of confidence or disclosure of the invention in a recognised international exhibition.
2435: : "Extension and validation of European patent applications and patents to/in states not party to the EPC" > "General remarks".
1269:
the "Protocol on the Staff Complement of the European Patent Office at The Hague", commonly known as the "Protocol on Staff Complement".
4433:
2571:
2372:
2215:
2181:
4368:
3707:
3641:
Procedural Law Under the EPC-2000: A Practical Guide for Patent Professionals and Candidates for the European Qualifying Examination
3499:"The Ministry of Economic Development and Tourism (Montenegro): Ceasing of Receiving Office Functions and Closure of National Route"
3435:"The Ministry of Economic Development and Tourism (Montenegro): Ceasing of Receiving Office Functions and Closure of National Route"
2523:
2339:
2310:
2277:
2032:
1327:. This is "a negative, non-exhaustive list of what should not be regarded as an invention within the meaning of Article 52(1) EPC."
304:
2202:
1980:
1789:"Registration of European patents (UK) in crown dependencies, UK overseas territories and Commonwealth countries", OJ EPO 2018, A97
4348:
1949:
188:
3291:
1348:
Plant or animal varieties and essentially biological processes for the production of plants and animals (Article 53(b) EPC), and
4518:
4443:
3846:
1454:
4438:
1213:
4508:
4503:
4483:
4343:
3349:
EPC: "International applications filed under the PCT may be the subject of proceedings before the European Patent Office."
2252:
2231:
2340:"Brevets européens en Tunisie : L'accord de validation entre l'OEB et la Tunisie entrera en vigueur le 1er décembre"
4488:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4388:
4378:
4373:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4308:
4298:
3765:
1780:
1621:
460:
410:
341:
297:
237:
221:
163:
364:
The EPC provides a legal framework for the granting of European patents, via a single, harmonised procedure before the
4513:
4498:
4493:
4478:
4473:
4453:
4448:
4403:
4393:
4353:
3412:
1708:
409:(1954). The Council's Committee then carried on its work on substantive patent law, resulting in the signature of the
2005:
Work on a European patent law aimed at a "European patent" had begun in Strasbourg in 1949 with the Longchambon plan.
1779:, EPO OJ 4/2013, p. 269, footnote 7. Furthermore, European patents in force in the UK can also be registered in the
18:
Agreement between the Government of Montenegro and the European Patent Organisation on extension of European patents
4463:
4428:
4383:
3465:"The Patent and Trademark Office (San Marino): Ceasing of Receiving Office Functions and Closure of National Route"
2683:
2503:
2477:
232:
1245:
would allow for unitary effect: centrally enforceability throughout 24 of the 27 countries of the European Union.
3913:
3333:
2996:
EPC: EP patent has same effect as national patent in "each Contracting State in respect of which it is granted";
2867:
Under Article 53(c) EPC diagnostic methods practised on the human or animal body are excluded from patentability.
1788:
1669:
1566:
1542:
1484:
1238:
1206:
2425:
1757:
92:
six States on whose territory the total number of patent applications filed in 1970 amounted to at least 180 000
3918:
3908:
2902:
2718:
EPC. The state of the art is further defined in Articles 54(2)-(5), and a limited grace period is specified in
1838:
EPC. "Rectification may be requested after the proceedings before the EPO are terminated" (Guid. A III 5.6).
1426:
1309:
This article constitutes the "fundamental provision of the EPC which governs the patentability of inventions".
1302:
1866:
1822:
Synopsis of the territorial field of application of international patent treaties (situation on 1 March 2013)
1777:
Synopsis of the territorial field of application of international patent treaties (situation on 1 March 2013)
1750:
Synopsis of the territorial field of application of international patent treaties (situation on 1 March 2013)
1713:
Synopsis of the territorial field of application of international patent treaties (situation on 1 March 2013)
3943:
3362:
3061:
2067:
1800:
1441:
1316:
265:
260:
2734:
1293:
European patents shall be granted for any inventions, in all fields of technology, providing that they are
4234:
3800:
3342:
1933:
1550:
1101:
895:
365:
179:
3620:
The European Patent Convention: A Commentary. Procedural patent law - article 90 to article 178. Volume 2
2445:
4313:
2605:
1733:
1404:
There are only two types of centrally executed procedures after grant, the opposition procedure and the
1242:
2643:
426:
3169:, under Article 2, section "EPC provisions on European patents that take precedence over national law"
2619:
966:
States which had an extension agreement with the EPO, and which are now Contracting States to the EPC
463:
which held its first meeting on 19 October 1977). Subsequently, other countries have joined the EPC.
384:, or at a national patent office of a Contracting State, if the national law of the State so permits.
3990:
2398:"OJ EPO 2023, A105 – Validation of European patents in Georgia (GE) with effect from 15 January 2024"
1784:
1729:
1725:
212:
3662:
Proceedings Before the European Patent Office: A Practical Guide to Success in Opposition and Appeal
4093:
3960:
1565:
A European patent application may result from the filing of an international application under the
1468:
1409:
545:
Contracting states and extension or validation states, in detail (with dates of entry into force).
156:
3532:
2397:
3599:
The European Patent Convention: A Commentary. Substantive Patent Law – Preamble, Articles 1 to 89
3393:
3062:
National law, Chapter IV, Filing of translations of the patent specification under Article 65 EPC
3000:
EPC: decision to grant "for the designated Contracting States" is made by the examining division.
1383:
369:
116:
2549:
2858:
1233:
The European Patent Convention is "a special agreement within the meaning of Article 19 of the
554:
Contracting States to the European Patent Convention, with respective date of entry into force
4250:
3703:
3685:
3666:
3645:
3624:
3603:
3571:
3506:
3476:
3442:
2028:
1352:
1106:
950:
523:
397:
393:
2096:
1681:
Jurisdiction and Patents: ECJ rules on forum for validity and cross-border patent enforcement
418:
Munich Diplomatic Conference for the setting up of a European System for the Grant of Patents
2579:
1422:
same European patent in each other Contracting State, except for the opposition procedure.
4143:
3421:
3216:
3201:
2626:
2314:
2261:
2240:
2219:
2210:
2206:
2185:
2176:
2147:
2121:
2045:
1953:
1821:
1796:
1776:
1749:
1712:
1488:
824:
491:
255:
2527:
2343:
2285:
1512:
disclosure does not permit the invention to be carried out by a person skilled in the art
3723:
2197:
1992:
44:
4208:
4048:
3995:
3399:
1546:
1538:
1473:
1435:
718:
538:
Cooperation agreements with non-contracting states: extension and validation agreements
507:
435:
The Convention entered into force on 7 October 1977 for the following first countries:
207:
3330:
1946:
459:. However, the first patent applications were filed on 1 June 1978 (date fixed by the
4292:
4108:
3337:
1817:
1791:. Finally, regarding registration of European patent applications and patents in the
1356:
625:
471:
3728:
1521:
such that the subject-matter extends beyond the content of the application as filed;
1741:
574:
466:
The EPC is separate from the European Union (EU), and its membership is different;
440:
422:
3588:
The European Patent System: The Law and Practice of the European Patent Convention
3381:
3346:
3296:, Le blog du droit européen des brevets, 5 March 2012. Consulted on 10 March 2012.
3271:
3259:
3255:
3243:
3239:
3227:
2702:
2664:
1500:
3660:
3639:
3618:
3597:
3586:
3565:
3317:
3305:
3275:
3154:
3122:
3110:
3098:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3057:
3033:
3021:
3009:
2997:
2993:
2981:
2957:
2945:
2894:
2845:
2830:
2818:
2806:
2794:
2782:
2770:
2758:
2746:
2719:
2715:
1966:
1934:
Enlarged Board of Appeal decision G 7/88 (Administrative Agreement) of 16.11.1990
1921:
1906:
1835:
1279:
1093:
4198:
4138:
3178:
3074:
2969:
2933:
2921:
1894:
1797:"Patent protection in Hong Kong Special Administration Region", OJ EPO 2009, 546
1772:
1601:
586:
582:
467:
452:
448:
3734:
2369:"Validation of European patents in Cambodia (KH) with effect from 1 March 2018"
4168:
4133:
4118:
2122:"Montenegro on its way to become 39th EPC Contracting State on 1 October 2022"
1737:
1605:
1597:
864:
834:
578:
516:
511:
495:
444:
145:
3193:
Gesellschaft fĂĽr Antriebstechnik v Lamellen und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs KG
1524:
if the claims have been broadened post-grant, e.g. in opposition proceedings;
1351:
Methods for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy, and
1253:
and those of the Implementing Regulations, the provisions of the EPC prevail.
4113:
3903:
1813:
1660:
Singer/Stauder's view seems in turn rather theoretical in view of decisions
1285:
783:
425:, considered by many as the father of the European Patent Organisation, and
377:
4242:
4183:
4178:
4158:
4033:
3784:
2676:
Legal Research Service for the Boards of Appeal, European Patent Office,
2496:
Legal Research Service for the Boards of Appeal, European Patent Office,
2470:
Legal Research Service for the Boards of Appeal, European Patent Office,
1695:
1609:
939:
733:
714:
666:
531:
357:, which can be initiated by any person except the patent proprietor, and
3343:
Decision J 18/09 of the Legal Board of Appeal 3.1.01 of 1 September 2010
432:
The Convention was officially signed by 16 countries on 5 October 1973.
4274:
4266:
4258:
4163:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4038:
4028:
4023:
4018:
3898:
3873:
Decisions of the Boards of Appeal relating to Article 52(2) and (3) EPC
1573:
1499:
Validity is also remitted largely to national law and national courts.
1487:. In two cases in July 2006 interpreting Articles 6.1 and 16.4 of the
928:
917:
906:
844:
773:
753:
743:
722:
684:
646:
615:
570:
499:
483:
436:
3702:(2022 ed.). Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International. 2022.
1724:
The European Patent Convention was ratified on 7 October 1977 for the
4203:
4193:
4173:
4153:
4148:
4128:
4103:
4078:
4068:
4043:
2882:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1320:
1266:
the "Protocol on the Interpretation of Article 69 of the Convention";
854:
813:
793:
763:
704:
694:
656:
635:
597:
503:
487:
479:
475:
456:
381:
373:
337:
73:
4188:
4123:
4098:
1745:
1589:
803:
3533:"Italian Patent and Trademark Office: Opening of National Route"
3738:
1537:
The EPC requires all jurisdictions to give a European patent a
3424:, Information from the European Patent Office, 2 January 2007.
2209:, Updates, 8 May 2009. Consulted on 8 May 2009. See also EPO,
1109:
on 31 October 2019 and entered into force on 15 January 2024.
401:
the Committee nevertheless led to two Conventions, one on the
2487: : "Extension agreements and ordinances", "Legal nature"
1198:
Note: The above list of legal requirements is not exhaustive.
4554:
Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1545:
designating the EPO. The filing date is not necessarily the
344:
and providing an autonomous legal system according to which
2363:
2361:
3293:
La nullité tirée du motif de l'Art 138(1) e) est relative
2578:. European Patent Office. 5 November 2019. Archived from
2371:. European Patent Office. 9 February 2018. Archived from
2278:"Morocco recognises European patents as national patents"
1981:"The Return of European Patent Law in the European Union"
1812:
The European Patent Convention does not apply however to
1683:, The CIPA Journal, August 2006, Volume 35 No. 8, p. 535.
962:
875:
550:
3680:
Benkard (2022). Beckedorf, Ingo; Ehlers, Jochen (eds.).
2313:. European Patent Office. 8 October 2015. Archived from
541:
361:, which can be initiated by the patent proprietor only.
3731:, including the text of the European Patent Convention.
3659:
Marcus O. MĂĽller; Cees A.M. Mulder (27 February 2015).
3878:
Successful petitions for review under Article 112a EPC
3868:
Decisions and opinions of the Enlarged Board of Appeal
3684:(in German) (4. Auflage ed.). MĂĽnchen: C.H.BECK.
2602:"Preamble [of the European Patent Convention]"
1400:
Opposition procedure before the European Patent Office
1337:
The second set of exclusions, or exceptions, include:
1278:
One of the most important articles of the Convention,
4529:
Treaties establishing intergovernmental organizations
2524:"Validation agreement with Morocco enters into force"
1707:
The European Patent Convention (EPC) applies also to
519:
became the 39th Contracting State on 1 October 2022.
3064:(regarding implementation in EPC Contracting States)
2859:"T 1920/21 (Breath test/INFAI) 16-01-2024 | Epo.org"
2572:"Simplifying access to patent protection in Georgia"
2212:
San Marino accedes to the European Patent Convention
2199:
San Marino accedes to the European Patent Convention
1235:
Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property
4217:
4009:
3886:
3855:
3814:
3793:
3772:
2097:"Member states of the European Patent Organisation"
1771:The European Patent Convention also applies to the
1694:The Hague branch of the EPO is actually located in
530:decisions. The revised text, informally called the
130:
122:
112:
104:
96:
88:
80:
69:
54:
37:
2027:, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1971, pages 76–97,
3924:European Round Table on Patent Practice (EUROTAB)
3729:Legal texts from the European Patent Office (EPO)
3395:Latvia: Closing of the National Route via the PCT
2513: : "No jurisdiction of the boards of appeal"
2243:, Updates, 1 March 2010. Consulted on 2 May 2010.
2233:Albania accedes to the European Patent Convention
1728:. From 4 April 2007, the EPC applied also to the
1370:Grant procedure before the European Patent Office
3045:
2254:Serbia accedes to the European Patent Convention
2392:
2390:
2305:
2303:
2023:in Council of Europe, Council of Europe staff,
1291:
353:unified, post-grant procedures: a time-limited
4584:Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4001:Unitary patent (Switzerland and Liechtenstein)
3372: : "EPO as designated or elected Office".
3166:
2730:
2728:
455:and the United Kingdom, and on 1 May 1978 for
372:, in one language, may be filed at the EPO in
4524:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
3750:
3700:Visser's Annotated European Patent Convention
2116:
2114:
1214:
1059:North Macedonia (then Republic of Macedonia)
526:and to add a level of judicial review of the
305:
117:Government of the Federal Republic of Germany
8:
3617:Singer, Margarete; Stauder, Dieter (2003b).
3596:Singer, Margarete; Stauder, Dieter (2003a).
1655:The European Patent Convention, A Commentary
825:North Macedonia (then Republic of Macedonia)
403:formalities required for patent applications
32:
2679:Case Law of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO
2499:Case Law of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO
2473:Case Law of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO
2148:"Montenegro becomes 39th Contracting State"
1917:
1915:
1781:Crown dependencies and overseas territories
1561:Relation with the Patent Cooperation Treaty
334:Convention on the Grant of European Patents
142:Convention on the Grant of European Patents
38:Convention on the Grant of European Patents
3757:
3743:
3735:
3638:Veronese, Andrea; Watchorn, Peter (2008).
2334:
2332:
2264:, 30 July 2010. Consulted on 31 July 2010.
1221:
1207:
1116:
971:Period during which the agreement applied
534:, entered into force on 13 December 2007.
312:
298:
152:
31:
2015:
2013:
1936:, Summary of Facts and Submissions, V.(3)
1752:, EPO OJ 4/2013, p. 269, footnote 6, and
3210:, (European Ct. of Justice 13 July 2006)
3195:, (European Ct. of Justice 13 July 2006)
2154:. European Patent Office. 1 October 2022
1627:Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
1122:European patent applications and patents
3505:(10/2022). October 2022. Archived from
3441:(10/2022). October 2022. Archived from
3143:Improver Corp. v Remington Products Inc
2841:
2839:
1887:
1861:in respect of the priority period. See
1793:Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
1638:
1417:Grant, effect and need for translations
1119:
273:
245:
220:
187:
162:
155:
4589:Treaties extended to Wallis and Futuna
4539:Treaties extended to Clipperton Island
2620:Enlarged Board of Appeal opinion G2/98
2222:, EPO Official Journal 6/2009, p. 396.
2128:. European Patent Office. 27 July 2022
1572:Twelve EPC Contracting States, namely
407:international classification of patent
4549:Treaties extended to French Polynesia
3359:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO
2899:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO
2422:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO
2272:
2270:
1863:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO
1754:Guidelines for Examination in the EPO
336:of 5 October 1973, is a multilateral
7:
4534:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
3981:Standing Advisory Committee (SACEPO)
1824:, EPO OJ 4/2013, p. 269, footnote 3.
1744:). The Convention does not apply to
1715:, EPO OJ 4/2013, p. 269, footnote 4.
1555:supplementary protection certificate
1553:member states this is by means of a
1533:Term (duration) of a European patent
1406:limitation and revocation procedures
1329:(For further information, see also:
359:limitation and revocation procedures
203:Supplementary protection certificate
4324:Treaties entered into force in 1977
3475:(12). December 2019. Archived from
2879:Decision G 1/07 of 15 February 2010
2526:. EPO. 1 March 2015. Archived from
2311:"European patents to cover Moldova"
2068:"ECJ Case C-1/09, Opinion, point 3"
4574:Treaties extended to New Caledonia
4544:Treaties extended to French Guiana
3414:Accession to the PCT by Malta (MT)
3411:"European Patent Office web site,
2693: : "Implementing Regulations"
1345:" or morality (Article 53(a) EPC),
392:In September 1949, French Senator
25:
3564:M. van Empel (14 November 1975).
2284:. 19 January 2015. Archived from
1848:authoritative text, i.e. the EPC.
1382:European patent applications are
1120:Legal requirements applicable to
3780:European Patent Convention (EPC)
3682:Europäisches Patentübereinkommen
3567:The Granting of European Patents
3382:Article 150(2), (third sentence)
3347:Article 150(2), (first sentence)
2640:"The European Patent Convention"
1762:"Contracting States to the EPC".
1657:, Munich, 2003, under Article 2.
136:
43:
4564:Treaties extended to Martinique
4559:Treaties extended to Guadeloupe
3914:European Patent Institute (epi)
3602:. Thomson/Sweet & Maxwell.
2737:of 15 November 2006, Reasons 6.
1455:Enforcement of European patents
4399:Treaties of the United Kingdom
4359:Treaties of the Czech Republic
3724:The European Patent Convention
2446:"National Law relating to EPC"
1331:Software patents under the EPC
1:
3949:Observations by third parties
2021:Patents in the European Field
4579:Treaties extended to RĂ©union
4569:Treaties extended to Mayotte
4304:European Patent Organisation
3801:European Patent Office (EPO)
3766:European Patent Organisation
3046:Veronese & Watchorn 2008
1795:(SAR) is also possible, see
1622:Glossary of patent law terms
1171:Disclosure of the invention
411:Strasbourg Patent Convention
342:European Patent Organisation
238:Eurasian Patent Organization
4469:Treaties of the Netherlands
4459:Treaties of North Macedonia
3665:. Edward Elgar Publishing.
3208:Roche Nederland BV v Primus
2173:Official Journal of the EPO
1709:French overseas territories
1662:Roche Nederland BV v Primus
27:International patent treaty
4605:
4364:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
4319:Treaties concluded in 1973
3991:Unified Patent Court (UPC)
3785:Revised version (EPC 2000)
3167:Singer & Stauder 2003a
2881:, Reasons 3.3.6. See also
2682:(9th edition, July 2019),
2502:(9th edition, July 2019),
2476:(9th edition, July 2019),
1859:re-establishment of rights
1452:
1397:
1367:
1131:Patentable subject-matter
1077:
1074:
1066:
1063:
1055:
1052:
1044:
1041:
1033:
1030:
1022:
1019:
1011:
1008:
1000:
997:
989:
986:
946:
935:
924:
913:
902:
891:
860:
850:
840:
830:
820:
809:
799:
789:
779:
769:
759:
749:
739:
729:
710:
700:
690:
680:
672:
662:
652:
642:
631:
621:
611:
603:
593:
566:
326:European Patent Convention
283:European Patent Litigation
233:Eurasian Patent Convention
175:European Patent Convention
126:English, French and German
33:European Patent Convention
4434:Treaties of Liechtenstein
3832:Limitation and revocation
3420:26 September 2007 at the
1670:European Court of Justice
1567:Patent Cooperation Treaty
1519:amendments have been made
1485:European Court of Justice
1364:Unified prosecution phase
1301:, and are susceptible of
1239:Patent Cooperation Treaty
1155:Industrial applicability
973:
970:
965:
961:
949:
938:
927:
916:
905:
894:
886:
878:
874:
863:
853:
843:
833:
823:
812:
802:
792:
782:
772:
762:
752:
742:
732:
713:
703:
693:
683:
675:
665:
655:
645:
634:
624:
614:
606:
596:
569:
561:
553:
549:
544:
135:
42:
4369:Treaties of West Germany
3919:European Patent Register
3909:European Patent Bulletin
3585:Gerald Paterson (1992).
3570:. Springer Netherlands.
3345:, Reasons 7 and 8); and
2552:. European Patent Office
2099:. European Patent Office
2046:"European Patent Office"
1991:(3/1996). Archived from
1449:Enforcement and validity
1427:European Patent Bulletin
1341:Inventions contrary to "
1113:Legal nature and content
429:played a decisive role.
58:5 October 1973
4349:Treaties of Switzerland
3894:Divisional applications
3623:. Sweet & Maxwell.
3215:17 October 2006 at the
3200:17 October 2006 at the
2184:18 October 2012 at the
1952:13 January 2017 at the
1801:patent law in Hong Kong
380:, at its sub-office in
348:are granted. The term
261:Cross-border injunction
4519:Treaties of San Marino
4444:Treaties of Luxembourg
4235:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3975:Restitutio in integrum
3806:Administrative Council
2282:European Patent Office
2239:24 August 2010 at the
2025:European Yearbook 1969
1307:
1303:industrial application
1274:Substantive patent law
1102:Bosnia and Herzegovina
896:Bosnia and Herzegovina
461:Administrative Council
405:(1953) and one on the
366:European Patent Office
180:European Patent Office
4439:Treaties of Lithuania
3542:(5/2020): 3. May 2020
2998:Article 97(2) and (4)
2642:. EPO. Archived from
2604:. EPO. Archived from
2260:3 August 2010 at the
1734:Caribbean Netherlands
1243:European Union patent
332:), also known as the
4509:Treaties of Slovakia
4504:Treaties of Slovenia
4484:Treaties of Portugal
4344:Treaties of Bulgaria
3591:. Sweet and Maxwell.
3079:Article 64(1) and(3)
2625:11 July 2017 at the
2218:19 July 2011 at the
1785:British Commonwealth
1730:Netherlands Antilles
1726:European Netherlands
1100:As of October 2022,
355:opposition procedure
274:Historical proposals
213:Unified Patent Court
4489:Treaties of Romania
4424:Treaties of Iceland
4419:Treaties of Ireland
4414:Treaties of Hungary
4409:Treaties of Croatia
4389:Treaties of Finland
4379:Treaties of Estonia
4374:Treaties of Denmark
4339:Treaties of Belgium
4334:Treaties of Austria
4329:Treaties of Albania
4309:Patent law treaties
4299:European patent law
3996:Unitary patent (EU)
3963:reformatio in peius
3842:Petition for review
3479:on 20 December 2019
3336:, which provides a
3290:Laurent Teyssedre,
2550:"Validation states"
2375:on 11 February 2018
2205:11 May 2009 at the
1653:", Singer/Stauder,
1489:Brussels Convention
1321:scientific theories
1163:Unity of invention
376:, at its branch in
157:European patent law
34:
4514:Treaties of Turkey
4499:Treaties of Sweden
4494:Treaties of Serbia
4479:Treaties of Poland
4474:Treaties of Norway
4454:Treaties of Monaco
4449:Treaties of Latvia
4404:Treaties of Greece
4394:Treaties of France
4354:Treaties of Cyprus
3509:on 25 October 2022
3445:on 25 October 2022
3141:, R.P.C. 299 CA;
3139:Southco Inc v Dzus
2582:on 5 November 2019
2317:on 11 October 2015
2288:on 22 January 2015
1679:" Tom Scourfield,
1078:30 September 2022
1067:30 September 2010
370:patent application
4464:Treaties of Malta
4429:Treaties of Italy
4384:Treaties of Spain
4286:
4285:
4279:
4271:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4227:
4221:
3939:Judges' Symposium
3691:978-3-406-76195-9
3672:978-1-78471-010-1
3651:978-3-937082-90-5
3630:978-0-421-83170-4
3609:978-0-421-83150-6
3577:978-90-286-0365-3
3272:Article 138(1)(e)
3256:Article 138(1)(d)
3240:Article 138(1)(c)
3228:Article 138(1)(b)
2735:Decision T 154/04
2346:on 7 October 2017
1231:
1230:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1056:31 December 2008
1045:28 February 2003
1012:30 November 2004
1001:31 December 2007
990:30 November 2002
957:
956:
870:
869:
589:, United Kingdom
524:international law
427:François Savignon
398:Council of Europe
394:Henri Longchambon
322:
321:
248:and harmonization
198:Biotech directive
151:
150:
16:(Redirected from
4596:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4237:
4225:
4219:
3986:Software patents
3955:Official Journal
3944:London Agreement
3759:
3752:
3745:
3736:
3713:
3695:
3676:
3655:
3634:
3613:
3592:
3581:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3537:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3431:
3425:
3409:
3403:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3356:
3350:
3327:
3321:
3318:Article 63(2)(b)
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3269:
3263:
3253:
3247:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3071:
3065:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2892:
2886:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2783:Article 52(2)(d)
2780:
2774:
2771:Article 52(2)(c)
2768:
2762:
2759:Article 52(2)(b)
2756:
2750:
2747:Article 52(2)(a)
2744:
2738:
2732:
2723:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2646:on 2 August 2016
2636:
2630:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2520:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2274:
2265:
2250:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2194:
2188:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2042:
2036:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1976:
1970:
1967:Article 75(1)(b)
1964:
1958:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1922:Article 75(1)(a)
1919:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1810:
1804:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1722:
1716:
1705:
1699:
1692:
1686:
1643:
1442:London Agreement
1282:EPC, entitled "
1223:
1216:
1209:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1117:
1064:1 November 2004
1053:1 November 1997
1042:15 October 1996
1031:1 February 1996
963:
947:15 January 2024
925:1 December 2017
914:1 November 2015
892:1 December 2004
876:
780:1 December 2004
770:1 November 2004
730:1 December 2002
701:1 November 2000
653:1 December 1991
604:1 December 1978
573:, Germany (then
551:
542:
528:Boards of Appeal
439:, Germany (then
396:proposed to the
368:(EPO). A single
346:European patents
340:instituting the
314:
307:
300:
285:Agreement (EPLA)
266:London Agreement
153:
140:
139:
65:
63:
47:
35:
21:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4223:
4213:
4144:North Macedonia
4011:
4010:EPC contracting
4005:
3961:Prohibition of
3882:
3851:
3822:Grant procedure
3810:
3789:
3768:
3763:
3720:
3710:
3698:
3692:
3679:
3673:
3658:
3652:
3637:
3631:
3616:
3610:
3595:
3584:
3578:
3563:
3560:
3558:Further reading
3555:
3545:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3512:
3510:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3422:Wayback Machine
3410:
3406:
3392:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3328:
3324:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3270:
3266:
3254:
3250:
3238:
3234:
3226:
3222:
3217:Wayback Machine
3206:Case C-539/03,
3202:Wayback Machine
3189:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3133:
3129:
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3105:
3097:
3093:
3072:
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3052:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3020:
3016:
3008:
3004:
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2988:
2980:
2976:
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2964:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2889:
2877:
2873:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2844:
2837:
2829:
2825:
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2813:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2733:
2726:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2688:
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2627:Wayback Machine
2611:
2609:
2608:on 30 July 2016
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2251:
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2207:Wayback Machine
2195:
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2018:
2011:
1998:
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1995:on 4 March 2012
1979:Bossung, Otto.
1978:
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1156:
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1147:Inventive step
1140:
1132:
1115:
861:1 October 2022
851:1 October 2010
821:1 January 2009
810:1 January 2008
740:1 January 2003
663:1 January 1992
643:1 January 1990
632:1 October 1986
567:7 October 1977
540:
492:North Macedonia
390:
350:European patent
318:
287:
284:
256:Brussels Regime
247:
223:
222:Eurasian Patent
165:
164:European Patent
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3887:Related topics
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3540:PCT Newsletter
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3426:
3404:
3402:of April 2007.
3400:PCT Newsletter
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3260:Article 123(3)
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2019:G. W. Tookey,
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1453:Main article:
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1436:void ab initio
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4109:Liechtenstein
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3338:legal fiction
3335:
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3331:Article 11(3)
3326:
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3306:Article 63(1)
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3191:Case C-4/03,
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3123:Article 69(1)
3119:
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3111:Article 64(2)
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3099:Article 64(3)
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2865:. Reasons 2.
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1993:the original
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1945:
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1133:(Article 52)
1121:
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1090:
1009:5 July 1994
831:1 July 2009
790:1 July 2005
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575:West Germany
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434:
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423:Kurt Haertel
417:
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224:Organization
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166:Organisation
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4224:validation
4199:Switzerland
4139:Netherlands
3847:Enforcement
3644:. Kastner.
3483:20 December
3288:(in French)
2863:www.epo.org
2576:www.epo.org
2402:www.epo.org
2379:10 February
2152:www.epo.org
2126:www.epo.org
1773:Isle of Man
1732:(presently
1602:Netherlands
1584:, Ireland,
1317:discoveries
1289:", states:
1284:Patentable
1187:Amendments
1081:Montenegro
1020:1 May 1995
841:1 May 2010
725:, Slovakia
612:1 May 1979
594:1 May 1978
587:Switzerland
583:Netherlands
577:), France,
468:Switzerland
453:Switzerland
449:Netherlands
443:), France,
97:Signatories
4293:Categories
4218:Extension
4169:San Marino
4134:Montenegro
4119:Luxembourg
3934:Guidelines
3827:Opposition
3513:25 October
3449:25 October
3361:, section
3276:Article 60
3155:Article 70
3087:Article 74
3083:Article 66
3010:Article 98
2982:Article 99
2946:Article 79
2901:, section
2720:Article 55
2650:25 January
2612:25 January
2586:6 November
2459:concerned.
2452:25 January
2424:, section
2407:23 January
2321:31 October
2292:25 January
2175:, 2/2006,
1907:Article 14
1883:References
1865:, section
1836:Rule 19(1)
1759:foreword_6
1756:, section
1606:San Marino
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1580:, France,
1394:Opposition
1384:prosecuted
1353:diagnostic
1286:inventions
1015:Lithuania
865:Montenegro
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816:, Croatia
579:Luxembourg
517:Montenegro
512:Montenegro
496:San Marino
445:Luxembourg
146:Wikisource
113:Depositary
62:1973-10-05
4114:Lithuania
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3815:Procedure
3520:Slovenia.
2970:Article 4
2934:Article 3
2922:Rule 6(1)
2618:See also
2556:6 October
2350:6 October
2158:1 October
2072:europa.eu
2052:4 October
1814:Greenland
1666:GAT v LUK
993:Slovenia
784:Lithuania
413:in 1963.
378:The Hague
131:Full text
123:Languages
89:Condition
81:Effective
76:, Germany
4243:Cambodia
4184:Slovenia
4179:Slovakia
4159:Portugal
4034:Bulgaria
3856:Case law
3418:Archived
3213:Archived
3198:Archived
3145:FSR 181.
2623:Archived
2258:Archived
2237:Archived
2216:Archived
2203:Archived
2182:Archived
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1696:Rijswijk
1616:See also
1610:Slovenia
1495:Validity
1474:drawings
1139:Novelty
1048:Romania
1037:Albania
1004:Croatia
940:Cambodia
734:Slovenia
715:Bulgaria
676:Ireland
667:Portugal
638:, Spain
532:EPC 2000
70:Location
4275:Tunisia
4267:Morocco
4259:Moldova
4251:Georgia
4164:Romania
4094:Ireland
4089:Iceland
4084:Hungary
4074:Germany
4064:Finland
4059:Estonia
4054:Denmark
4039:Croatia
4029:Belgium
4024:Austria
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3899:epoline
2534:6 March
2132:30 July
2103:30 July
2077:17 July
1999:30 June
1738:Curaçao
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1574:Belgium
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1510:if the
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616:Austria
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562:States
500:Albania
484:Iceland
437:Belgium
388:History
105:Parties
60: (
4228:states
4204:Turkey
4194:Sweden
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4149:Norway
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3794:Organs
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374:Munich
338:treaty
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4099:Italy
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3274:EPC,
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3081:EPC,
3077:EPC,
3073:e.g.
3060:EPC;
2910:, 1.1
2897:EPC;
2448:. EPO
2084:(...)
1874:, 3.6
1746:Aruba
1634:Notes
1590:Malta
979:from
884:Date
804:Malta
559:Date
3929:Fees
3704:ISBN
3686:ISBN
3667:ISBN
3646:ISBN
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3515:2022
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1799:and
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