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constrained by ALR land use and subdivision restrictions. Therefore, land within the ALR typically has a lower value, even when zoned
Residential, Commercial, or Industrial. A study for Metro Vancouver found that for a 5-acre property assessed as Residential in Langley (that does not have "farm status") which pays $ 13,656 in property tax, a comparable property assessed as Residential in the ALR would pay $ 3,880 in property tax. The study notes that questions of equity among taxpayers have emerged, since residential and commercial uses within the ALR create demand for services that are financed by local governments through property taxes (utilities, transit, police, fire and emergency services).
233:
square meters would not allow enough space for what are often family-owned businesses. Restrictions were later eased so that, effective 31 December 2021, as well as a principal residence with floor area of 500 m or less, property owners were allowed one residence with a total floor area of 90 m or less (186 m on a property 40 hectares or larger), if permitted by local government bylaw. Further, a secondary suite could be located in the principal residence. Also, the requirement was removed that additional residences must be used by the landowner or immediate family members. As before, the ALC could approve additional residences if they were for farm use.
96:(CLI) survey that was not already developed was included in the ALR. (Prime agricultural land falls into CLI Classes 1-3, while Class 4 land is marginal for cultivated field crops.) Class 5 and 6 land was included if it could effectively be used in conjunction with Class 1 to 4 land, and Class 7 land was included if excluding it might allow undesirable intrusion of incompatible uses into agricultural areas. (Land in Classes 5 and 6 is suitable only for perennial forage crops or natural grazing, while Class 7 land has no agricultural capability.)
248:
example, a property located on the ALR paid about $ 5,300 in property tax while a residential property in the same municipality with the same market value would pay roughly $ 77,000. The story also noted a tax break associated with the province's new 15% tax on real estate purchased by foreign buyers. The tax applies only to the selling price of the farmhouse, while the ALR land purchase is tax-free.
229:
houses are a huge problem in some areas such as
Richmond, since farm land is "essentially lost" when someone buys ALR land and builds "a 10,000-square-foot mansion plus tennis court, pool and outbuildings". Also, while land-use bylaws do not allow hotels on agricultural land, there were reports of large buildings being constructed in Richmond that were essentially private luxury hotels.
247:
newspaper found that as prices of suburban farm properties soared in tandem with
Vancouver's residential real estate market, the tax advantages of ALR property increased. The study found significant differences between market prices and the provincial assessments for 122 properties examined. In one
194:
Structures and farm-related commercial and industrial uses are restricted, but permitted in the ALR to provide agriculture-related economic opportunities for farmers. A 2020 report prepared for the BC government recommended setting aside up to a maximum of one quarter of one percent of the province's
139:
split the ALR into two zones: Zone 1 (Island, Okanagan, South Coast) and Zone 2 (North, Kootenay, Interior). The ALR regulations were viewed as a burden to farmers who owned agricultural land of poor capability. To give owners in Zone 2 more flexibility to earn non-farm income from their land, the
176:
A study of the
Greater Vancouver area (Metro Vancouver) finds the main beneficiaries of the exemption are properties in the ALR classified as "Residential". Since these properties are not used for farming, the study recommends removal of the exemption so as to maintain equity across residential land
108:
bylaws of local governments. The ALC makes decisions chiefly on land removal (exclusion) or addition (inclusion); subdivision; and non-farm land use. Decisions are based on how an application supports the ALC's mandate "to preserve agricultural land" and "to encourage farming on agricultural land".
938:
Richard
Bullock, the Chairman of the Agricultural Land Commission said, "Farmers have accepted that the ALR is here to stay." On a tour of the province shortly after taking over the land commission in 2010, Bullock said he was astounded to find pro-ALR sentiment "almost universal. People want us to
232:
In response, in 2018 the provincial government introduced a 500 square metre (approximately 5400 square foot) size limit for the primary residence built on the ALR. The B.C. Farmland Owners
Association opposed the law saying the government did not consult them adequately, and that a limit of 500
228:
In 2017, a
Richmond city councillor said he did not want "big houses on small farms." So-called "monster homes" were being built on Richmond's ALR land, where the average house size surged to 12,087 square feet in 2015, compared with 7,329 in 2010. Former ALR Chairman Frank Leonard said "monster"
116:
The primary role of the ALC was to preserve agricultural land, but the original legislation also gave the ALC responsibility for establishing green belt, land bank, and park land reserves. This responsibility was removed in 1977. (The ALC had to purchase (or otherwise acquire) these lands before
99:
Starting with CLI maps, and obtaining input from local governments and public hearings, the ALC identified 4.7 million hectares to be included in the ALR. There was awareness early on that within some areas (portions of
Vancouver Island, for example) the CLI information could be improved. Between
256:
There has been criticism of inconsistency in how farm policies are applied, in terms of special treatment for producers of wine and other alcohol products. In one instance, a farmer who wanted to serve the produce of their farm in a restaurant needed to produce alcohol, since food and beverage
185:
Property tax tends to be lower on land located within the ALR, even if the land is not farmed. This is because a property is assessed based on the market value of the land taking into account its "highest and best use" and comparable rural property values. A property's highest and best use is
107:
The ALR is administered by the
Agricultural Land Commission (ALC), which consists of a board of directors of 11 to 19 members appointed by the Minister of Agriculture and Food. Restrictive land zoning is used to protect agricultural land, and ALC zoning decisions take precedence over land-use
147:
As of
September 2020, private landowners could no longer apply directly to the ALC for the removal of their land from the ALR. Although private landowners may ask their local government for such removal, they must rely on the local government to make the removal application.
79:
Before 1973, an estimated 4000 to 6000 hectares of prime agricultural land was lost each year to urbanization in British Columbia. Recognition that the province had limited arable farmland, and a concern for food security, led the provincial government to introduce the
202:
In 2022, ALR regulations were amended to promote the agricultural-technology industry by allowing crops grown on vertically-stacked shelves. The change aimed to cut energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions, improve farm efficiency, and help with labour shortages.
103:
Enough land was excluded from the ALR to allow for about 5 years of urban growth. Federal government land was included in the ALR if its biophysical characteristics warranted inclusion, but ALR regulations do not apply to federal government land.
59:(CLI) survey Classes 1-3. About three quarters of BC's total land is located above a thousand metres in elevation, and the province's mountainous geography means a relatively small share of its land has an agricultural capability.
37:
in 1973 to preserve the province's limited farmland from urbanization. The ALR covers 4.6 million hectares (46 thousand square kilometers, equivalent to 18 thousand square miles), or about 4.9% of British Columbia's land base.
893:"Province puts vertical farms on horizon to boost B.C. food security: B.C. to include so-called vertical farm buildings on list of allowable farm uses permissible on ALR land without Agricultural Land Commission permission"
220:, and thereby reduce land values. Forty years later, support among farmers and ranchers became more widespread, though not unqualified, according to the executive director of the B.C. Agriculture Council.
195:
ALR land to create a new category of agricultural-industrial farmland. To counter concerns about allowing structures on arable farmland, converted land would be of low soil quality, ill-suited for farming (
1219:
1144:"Agricultural Land Reserve rules frustrate Nanoose farmers: A Nanoose Bay farming couple say they should not have to set up a brewery in order to serve home-grown food in their on-site restaurant"
216:
Thousands of farmers protested the creation of the ALR, because they opposed the restrictions the ALR imposes on what landowners can do with their own land. The restrictions interfere with their
161:
Whether or not their land is used for farming, there is a 50% tax exemption to ALR land owners for school, hospital, and other property taxes (for example, TransLink taxes in Metro Vancouver). A
805:
511:
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1980 and 1984, the Commission conducted a thorough review of ALR zoning boundaries, using new maps and soil information. Eastern Vancouver Island was given special attention.
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Connell, David; Kral, Cameron. "British Columbia Divided its Agricultural Land Reserve into Two Zones (2014-2019): Did it Make a Difference?".
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is a collection of land where agriculture is designated as the priority use. Farming is encouraged and non-agricultural uses are restricted.
711:
30:
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758:
571:
Connell, David (2021). "The Quality of Farmland Protection in Canada: An Evaluation of the Strength of Provincial Legislative Frameworks".
140:
ALC's Zone 2 land-use decision factors were broadened to include economic, cultural and social values. On November 20, 2018, NDP Premier
55:
Less than a quarter of the land in the ALR is prime agricultural land (1.1% of BC's land area), where prime agricultural land falls into
598:
454:"Classifying Prime and Marginal Agricultural Soils and Landscapes: Guidelines for Application of the Canada Land Inventory in Ontario"
773:
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The boundaries of the ALR are based on the natural characteristics of the land and its climate. All land in Classes 1 to 4 from the
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on 18 April 1973 which created the Agricultural Land Commission (ALC) and established the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR).
266:
330:
217:
806:"Development of Farm Structures for Farm-Related Commercial and Farm-Related Industrial Uses in the ALR: Policy L-24"
52:
The ALR covers 4.6 million hectares (11.4 million acres). It comprises 4.9% of BC's 94.6 million hectare land base.
403:
117:
designation. By contrast, land in the ALR could be determined without purchase using traditional zoning tools.)
1224:
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Protection Is Not Enough: Policy Precedents to Increase the Agricultural Use of British Columbia's Farmland
1093:
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Tax breaks are applicable to property in the ALR, and questions of equity among taxpayers have emerged.
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There are six ALR administrative regions: South Coast, Interior, Island, Kootenay, North, and Okanagan.
842:
The Future of B.C.'s Food System: Findings & Recommendations from the B.C. Food Security Task Force
127:
British Columbia's Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) land area and two administrative zones, 2014–2019
120:
In 1988 golf courses became a permitted land use, but after 1992 they once again required approval.
486:
1189:
243:
1094:"Agricultural Land Commission Act: Agricultural Land Reserve Use Regulation B.C. Reg. 30/2019"
547:
994:"On B.C.'s farmland, mega-mansions and speculators reap the rewards of lucrative tax breaks"
628:
580:
19:
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reversed the Zone 2 split, returning the ALR to a single zone under the original criteria.
1229:
471:
453:
512:
The Canada Land Inventory: Soil Capability Classification for Agriculture, Report No. 2
432:
Encouraging Agricultural Production through Farm Property Tax Reform in Metro Vancouver
276:
1129:"Revitalization of the Agricultural Land Reserve and the Agricultural Land Commission"
1010:
1203:
863:"B.C. food security report sparks debate on technology and agricultural land reserve"
136:
1159:"Vancouver Island farm forced to add on brewery to keep restaurant open on ALR land"
632:
584:
34:
794:(Report). Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, Kwantlen Polytechnic University.
546:
Engagement, Government Communications and Public; Commission, Agricultural Land.
485:
Engagement, Government Communications and Public; Commission, Agricultural Land.
141:
878:"B.C. amends Agricultural Land Reserve regulations to promote vertical farming"
1107:
690:
280:
63:
1041:"Central Saanich seeks feedback on allowing more homes on agricultural land"
62:
Approximately 46% of ALR land is under private ownership, and 54% is under
710:
Buholzer, Bill; Anderson, Elizabeth; Shergill, Steven (26 November 2020).
691:"ALR Background | Agricultural Land Reserve Mapping (draft not released)"
380:"A Work in Progress – The British Columbia Farmland Preservation Program"
257:
service is permitted in the ALR if the farm produces an alcohol product.
270:
305:
1080:"Restrictions (slightly) eased for ALR farmland in British Columbia"
972:"Saanich wants to stop monster houses from being built on farm land"
922:"B.C. farmers' anger turns to support for Agricultural Land Reserve"
908:"B.C. farmers' anger turns to support for Agricultural Land Reserve"
774:"Using Property Tax Reform to Support Agriculture Production (2021)"
663:
787:
Robert, Naomi; Tatebe, Kristi; Mullinix, Kent (13 February 2018).
122:
1026:"Metro Vancouver farmers gear up for fight over 'monster homes'"
1174:
406:. Provincial Agricultural Land Commission, BC. 18 April 2023.
730:"Private Landowners Lose Ability to Apply for ALR Exclusion"
957:"Richmond ponders bylaw to restrict house size on farmland"
308:. Provincial Agricultural Land Commission. 8 February 2022.
66:
ownership (provincial, municipal, or federal government).
404:"50 Years of the Provincial Agricultural Land Commission"
470:
Provincial Agricultural Land Commission (9 March 2022).
252:
Favourable treatment for producers of alcohol products
1220:
British Columbia government departments and agencies
16:
Collection of agricultural land in British Columbia
336:(Report). Provincial Agricultural Land Commission.
1185:, the enabling legislation of the ALC and the ALR
761:. Province of British Columbia. 15 February 2021.
728:Fraser, James; Mayfield, Jane (13 October 2020).
712:"ALR Update: What Local Governments Need to Know"
1013:. BC Gov News, Province of BC. 23 February 2019.
658:
656:
601:. Provincial Agricultural Land Commission. 2022.
840:Dhillon, Peter; Newman, Lenore; Gupta, Arvind.
685:
683:
1059:Information Bulletin 05: Residences in the ALR
1011:"Legislation to protect farmland now in force"
824:"Overview of Agricultural Land Reserves in BC"
614:
612:
610:
608:
1057:Agricultural Land Commission (27 June 2023).
811:. Agricultural Land Commission. October 2019.
645:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
190:Agricultural-industrial structures on the ALR
8:
1195:The British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture
987:
985:
983:
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822:Chand, Subash; Munro, Randy (20 June 2023).
530:Agricultural Capability Classification in BC
465:
463:
1052:
1050:
856:
854:
165:study notes this tax exemption encourages
1039:Egan-Elliott, Roxanne (19 October 2023).
847:(Report). Government of British Columbia.
528:Provincial Agricultural Land Commission.
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745:"Bill 15 takes away landowners' rights"
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959:. The Globe and Mail. 15 January 2017.
906:Mickleburgh, Rod (14 September 2012).
772:British Columbia Chamber of Commerce.
638:
448:
446:
444:
177:owners inside and outside of the ALR.
1096:. British Columbia. 22 February 2019.
992:Tomlinson, Kathy (18 November 2016).
31:British Columbia New Democratic Party
7:
1109:Big Trouble for Small Farmers in BC!
891:Penner, Derrick (20 February 2022).
1078:Gyarmati, Sandor (7 October 2021).
747:. CFJC Today: Everything Kamloops!.
385:. Agricultural Land Commission, BC.
1024:Johnson, Paul (26 November 2018).
876:Little, Simon (19 February 2022).
241:A 2016 an investigative report by
14:
1183:Agricultural Land Commission Act
970:Cleverley, Bill (24 June 2018).
861:Zeidler, Maryse (13 June 2020).
743:Barnett, Donna (13 March 2019).
306:"Agricultural Land Reserve Maps"
88:Selection of land to be included
1215:Agriculture in British Columbia
633:10.24908/cpp-apc.v2022i01.15773
599:"What the Commission Considers"
585:10.24908/cpp-apc.v2021i01.14229
163:Kwantlen Polytechnic University
29:The ALR was established by the
24:Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR)
1190:Agriculture - Province of B.C.
1157:Stanton, Kylie (15 May 2019).
1142:Wilson, Carla (25 June 2019).
1:
1210:Geography of British Columbia
1175:Agricultural Land Commission
1131:. BC Gov News. 18 June 2019.
928:. Toronto. 17 September 2012
621:Canadian Planning and Policy
573:Canadian Planning and Policy
267:Greenbelt (Golden Horseshoe)
75:Motivation for establishment
510:Environment Canada (1972).
1246:
1146:. Victoria Times-Colonist.
974:. Victoria Times-Colonist.
487:"Agricultural Land - ALC"
1082:. Business in Vancouver.
212:Establishment of the ALR
430:metrovancouver (2016).
331:Annual Report 2022-2023
279:, a similar system for
269:, a similar reserve in
218:private property rights
112:Notable mandate changes
635:(inactive 2024-04-28).
128:
996:. The Globe and Mail.
910:. The Globe and Mail.
732:. Lawson Lundell LLP.
378:Smith, Barry (2012).
131:On May 29, 2014, the
126:
94:Canada Land Inventory
57:Canada Land Inventory
939:do the right thing."
157:School tax exemption
152:Taxation of ALR land
759:"Calculation hints"
548:"ALR History - ALC"
82:Land Commission Act
926:The Globe and Mail
244:The Globe and Mail
129:
1043:. Times Colonist.
717:. Young Anderson.
552:www.alc.gov.bc.ca
491:www.alc.gov.bc.ca
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64:public land
1204:Categories
1115:2022-03-09
696:2022-03-09
673:2022-03-09
557:2022-03-09
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288:References
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237:Tax breaks
133:BC Liberal
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167:ownership
261:See also
169:but not
932:19 July
271:Ontario
171:farming
70:History
1230:Zoning
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197:CLI
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