855:
799:
470:, chief negotiator on the battlefront in 1772. Ahmed Resmî presented this Layiha as the Ottomans undertook ultimately abortive negotiations with the Russians between 1772 and 1773, in which he pressed for peace, arguing that the Russians were badly overextended, and that both sides should recognize their military and territorial limitations. Such language was still novel in Ottoman negotiations. Ahmed Resmî’s view in this last work as well as in Hülasat el-itibar represents an understanding of the balance of power diplomacy he observed in the courts of Vienna and Berlin.
329:
480:: Report of Ahmed Resmî’s embassy to Berlin in 1763-1764 containing a logbook for the journey, reflections on the cities of passage, as well as a record of the official meetings with Frederick the Great, and many reflections on the rise of Frederick, his kind of rule, and his parsimony. Both this and the Vienna embassy report have been edited and transcribed numerous times, and discussed at length in
58:
415:
364:. Ahmed Resmî was present at many of the war councils on the battlefield and was noted for his largesse toward wounded soldiers. His quarrels with and observations on the head of the Ottoman delegation during the ten-month truce between the two episodes of the war, Çenebaz Osman Efendi or Yenişehirli Osman Efendi, by the name either of a town near
680:
Resmi Ahmad (-83) was originally of Greek descent. He entered
Ottoman service in 1733 and after holding a number of posts in local administration, was sent on missions to Vienna (1758) and Berlin (1763-4). He later held a number of important offices in central government. In addition, Resmi Ahmad was
599:
Ahmed Resmi Efendi (1700–1783) was an early example of this new generation. After classical scribal training Ahmed Resmi served as ambassador to Vienna (1757–1758) and Berlin (1763–1764). Additionally, he performed important administrative duties at the front during the disastrous
Ottoman-Russian was
320:
in Berlin in 1763/1764. After both embassies, Ahmed Resmî submitted detailed reports on the geography of his passage and the politics of the courts he encountered. In the case of the Berlin embassy, he left behind not just an account of diplomatic niceties but also a portrayal of
Frederick and the
633:
RESMI, AHMAD Ottoman statesman and historian. Ahmad b. Ibrahim, known as Resmi, belonged to
Rethymo (turk. Resmo; hence his epithet) in Crete and was of Greek descent (cf. J. v. Hammer, GOR, viii. 202). He was born in 1113 (1700) and came in 1146 (1733) to Stambul where he was educated, married a
436:
Beşir Agha (the second eunuch with the same name, who served between 1746 and 1752) dedicated to Koca Ragıp Mehmed Pasha. It includes biographies of thirty-eight eunuchs, focusing on their origins and professional careers. A concluding part addresses the history of the downfall and execution of
375:
Even though the above-mentioned three posts were considered stepping-stones to the office of grand vizier, he never achieved that status. It is likely that Ahmed Resmî’s regular and scathing criticism of the state of
Ottoman military organization played a major role in this turn of events.
383:) to the Küçük Kaynarca peace negotiations in 1774 and became one of the signatories of the resulting treaty. He understandably disappeared from the appointment rolls for some time after 1775. Ahmed Resmî resurfaced one last time as chief of the palace cavalry bureau (
600:
of 1768-1774, and he was the chief
Ottoman negotiator of the Kucuk-Kaynarca peace treaty. Thanks to this unique combination of experiences he witnessed the direct results of the empire's structural problems and was familiar with its military deficiencies.
220:
statesman, diplomat and author of the late 18th century. In international relations terms, his most important - and unfortunate - task was to act as the chief of the
Ottoman delegation during the negotiations and the signature of the
287:"Sefinet ür-rüesa". It was in this period that he wrote "İstinas fi ahval el-efras", to demonstrate his scribal and literary skills, celebrating the spring ritual of releasing the royal horses for grazing and which served as an
709:
Ahmad b. Ibrahim, known as Resmi came from
Rethymno (Turk. Resmo; hence his epithet?) in Crete and was of Greek descent (cf. Hammer- Purgstall, viii, 202). He was born in 1112/ 1700 and came in 1 146/1733 to
1043:
662:
Ahmed Resmi Efendi (1700–1783). Der osmanische
Staatsmann und Geschichtsschreiber griechischer Herkunft. Translation "Ahmed Resmi Efendi (1700–1783). The Ottoman statesman and historian of Greek origin"
1048:
1023:
1038:
1018:
257:, the source for the little that is known concerning his early life, Ahmed Resmî arrived in İstanbul towards his forties, in 1734. Most sources credit him with expertise in the
648:
Zeichen und Wunder: Geheimnisse des
Schriftenschranks in der Kunst- und Naturalienkammer der Franckeschen Stiftungen : kulturhistorische und philologische Untersuchungen
854:
440:
Hülasat el-itibar (1781): Critical and satirical history of the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774. Ahmed Resmî was on the battlefield and acutely aware of the failings of the
411:
was signed in early 1784. One son is said to have preceded Ahmed Resmî to the grave; no other information has been discovered to date concerning his family life.
788:
265:
arts. Rising through the Ottoman bureaucracy, he allied himself with a circle of reformers, who transformed diplomatic relations of the Ottomans with
34:
740:
655:
592:
750:
348:, who was twice appointed grand vizier. Among his other appointments to the highest offices was his brief posting as second-in-command (
360:
battlefront. He served in this capacity again with Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha from 1771 until the grand vizier’s death at the end of the
702:
626:
222:
129:
798:
781:
1053:
930:
1013:
977:
361:
325:. His tentative observations inaugurated a new emphasis for the Ottoman Empire on the need to study European politics.
283:'s entourage, died in 1749, Ahmed Resmî began writing his first work, the bibliographical compilation of Ottoman chief
774:
532:
299:
225:. In the literary domain, he is remembered for various works among which his sefâretnâme recounting his embassies in
418:
Turkish houses in Resmo (Rethymno) where Ahmed Resmî Efendi was born and had spent the first forty years of his life
500:
280:
506:
Viyana Sefaretnamesi: Report of Ahmed Resmî’s embassy to Vienna in 1757-1758, written immediately upon his return.
466:
during the temporary truce and the negotiations to end the 1768-1774 war presented to Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha and
925:
732:
542:
915:
345:
552:
537:
404:
316:
The embassy to Vienna was followed by a similar appointment, the first ever Turkish embassy to the court of
310:
1028:
491:
Sefinet er-rüesa or Halifet er-rüesa: This is the only biographical compilation of Ottoman chief scribes (
452:
353:
273:
1033:
935:
467:
894:
819:
269:
in the 18th century and established some of the first privately endowed public libraries of Istanbul.
1008:
1003:
879:
391:, probably in recognition of his continuous service behind the scenes in difficult negotiations with
309:
to the throne. In 1749, he also composed "Hamilet el-kübera", a biographical list of the chief black
254:
496:
408:
322:
317:
262:
982:
499:
until 1804. The work ends with the entries on Ahmed Resmî’s own patrons, Tavukçubaşı Mustafa and
429:
920:
298:. These works also served as a means of introduction to potential patrons, such as grand vizier
758:
869:
736:
698:
651:
622:
588:
527:
515:
396:
388:
910:
889:
884:
485:
481:
328:
305:
Ahmed Resmî was appointed in late 1757 to an embassy to Vienna to announce the accession of
511:
22:
839:
444:
corps. The writing is accessible, indignant, sometimes comic, but sincere and passionate.
437:
Moralı Beşir Agha and provides as much justification for, as explication of, the events.
874:
463:
400:
217:
193:
182:
169:
997:
940:
165:
455:
in 1769 concerning the need for reorganization and control of military headquarters.
547:
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814:
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253:, which was known as Resmo in the Ottoman Empire in the year 1700. According to
57:
844:
448:
78:
26:
945:
829:
503:, and constitutes the main source of information on these two personalities.
441:
414:
336:
Upon his return from Berlin, he was appointed chief correspondence officer (
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357:
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His two works on Vienna and Berlin embassies have been translated into
477:
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459:
392:
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234:
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39:
372:, was recorded by him in one of the most vivid accounts of the war.
729:
An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace: Ahmed Resmî Efendi 1700-1783
495:) until 1744, started by Ahmed Resmî around 1749, and continued by
433:
413:
365:
340:) to the grand vizier. In 1765, he became chief sergeant-at-arms (
327:
246:
209:
619:
E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913 - 1936, Volume 6
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610:
608:
770:
245:
Ahmed Resmi was born into a family of Greek descent in the
332:
Ahmed Resmî Efendi's arrival in Berlin on 9 November 1763.
585:
A military history of the Ottomans: from Osman to Atatürk
1044:
Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire to the Russian Empire
403:. Ahmed Resmî died in August 1783, shortly before the
428:
Hamiletü’l-kübera (1749): A biographical list of the
970:
954:
903:
862:
807:
189:
176:
155:
150:
127:
111:
95:
77:
48:
276:, a diplomat and one of the prominent figures in
216:("Ahmed the son of İbrahim the Cretan"), was an
1049:18th-century historians from the Ottoman Empire
1024:People from the Ottoman Empire of Greek descent
782:
681:a contemporary historian of some distinction.
8:
1039:Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire to Prussia
1019:Ambassadors of the Ottoman Empire to Austria
379:Ahmed Resmî acted as first plenipotentiary (
789:
775:
767:
356:in 1769 while the grand vizier was on the
212:"), also called by some Arabic sources as
56:
45:
693:Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb (1954).
583:Uyar, Mesut; Erickson, Edward J. (2009).
272:When his father-in-law and first patron
564:
650:. Franckesche Stiftungen. p. 58.
344:) and began his long connection with
7:
757:. Ottoman Historians. Archived from
676:European studies review, Volumes 7-8
237:'s first ever ambassador in Berlin.
432:from Mehmed Agha (1574–1590) up to
678:. Sage Publications. p. 170.
43:, and there is no family name.
14:
646:Müller-Bahlke, Thomas J. (2003).
233:occupy a prominent place. He was
853:
797:
674:European studies review (1977).
476:-i Ahmed Resmî or Sefaretname-i
313:(kızlar ağaları) of the Palace.
931:Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha
1:
617:Houtsma, Martinus T. (1987).
63:
634:daughter of the Ke is Efendi
362:Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774
128:Chief Ottoman negotiator of
112:Ottoman Ambassador at Russia
96:Ottoman Ambassador at Berlin
79:Ottoman Ambassador at Vienna
208:(English, "Ahmed Efendi of
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451:presented to grand vizier
20:
851:
733:Brill Academic Publishers
587:. ABC-CLIO. p. 116.
543:List of Turkish diplomats
199:
146:
135:
116:
100:
84:
73:
55:
916:Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi
533:Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi
300:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha
223:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
214:Ahmed bin İbrahim Giridî
172:(today Rethymno, Greece)
130:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
727:Virginia Aksan (1995).
621:. Brill. p. 1145.
538:Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi
501:Koca Ragıp Mehmed Pasha
395:over the future of the
346:Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha
281:Koca Mehmed Ragıp Pasha
1054:18th-century diplomats
697:. Brill. p. 294.
419:
405:Aynalıkavak Convention
333:
936:Osman Aga of Temesvar
755:ottomanhistorians.com
695:Encyclopedia of Islam
417:
407:ceding the Crimea to
387:) under grand vizier
331:
1014:People from Rethymno
761:on 7 September 2006.
751:"Ahmed Resmî Efendi"
553:Çenebaz Osman Efendi
458:Layiha: A political
453:İvazzade Halil Pasha
354:Moldovanlı Ali Pasha
430:chief black eunuchs
385:süvari mukabelecisi
321:description of the
318:Frederick the Great
274:Tavukçubaşı Mustafa
983:Ahmed Cevdet Pasha
962:Ahmed Resmî Efendi
946:Al-Hasan al-Burini
802:Ottoman historians
468:Abdürrezzak Efendi
420:
352:) to grand vizier
334:
206:Ahmed Resmî Efendi
50:Ahmed Resmî Efendi
991:
990:
742:978-90-04-10116-6
657:978-3-931479-46-6
594:978-0-275-98876-0
516:Joseph von Hammer
389:Halil Hamid Pasha
350:sadaret kethüdası
203:
202:
16:Ottoman historian
1061:
911:Ibrahim Petchevi
890:Mustafa Selaniki
885:Sadeddin Effendi
857:
801:
791:
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381:murahhas-ı evvel
323:Seven Years' War
185:, Ottoman Empire
151:Personal details
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121:
105:
89:
68:
67: 1767–1783
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60:
46:
25:style name, the
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23:Ottoman Turkish
17:
12:
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5:
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880:Matrakçı Nasuh
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493:reis ül-küttab
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423:Literary works
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170:Ottoman Empire
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1029:Greek Muslims
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941:Mustafa Naima
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704:90-04-16121-X
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628:90-04-08265-4
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497:Süleyman Faik
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36:
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28:
24:
19:
1034:Cretan Turks
971:19th century
961:
955:18th century
921:Kâtip Çelebi
904:17th century
895:Taşköprüzade
863:16th century
820:Aşıkpaşazade
808:15th century
759:the original
754:
728:
708:
694:
688:
679:
675:
669:
661:
647:
641:
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584:
548:Cretan Turks
509:
492:
409:Catherine II
384:
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349:
341:
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278:grand vizier
271:
259:calligraphic
244:
213:
205:
204:
166:Girit Eyalet
137:
118:
102:
86:
38:
30:
18:
1009:1783 deaths
1004:1700 births
875:Lûtfi Pasha
870:Mustafa Âlî
528:Sefâretnâme
474:Sefaretname
307:Mustafa III
190:Nationality
62:Engraving,
998:Categories
845:Tursun Beg
559:References
449:memorandum
447:Layiha: A
368:or now in
263:epistolary
241:Early life
33:, the
27:given name
978:Ali Amiri
840:Şükrullah
830:Ibn Kemal
710:Istanbul,
518:in 1809.
442:Janissary
358:Bulgarian
342:çavuşbaşı
142:1774–1774
138:In office
123:1768–1774
119:In office
107:1763–1764
103:In office
91:1757–1758
87:In office
815:Oruç Bey
522:See also
464:Russians
399:and the
338:mektupçu
296:Mahmud I
289:encomium
251:Rethymno
249:town of
21:In this
720:Sources
486:Turkish
482:English
462:on the
311:eunuchs
291:to the
285:scribes
835:Neshri
825:Enveri
739:
701:
654:
625:
591:
512:German
478:Prusya
460:memoir
434:Moralı
401:Tatars
397:Crimea
393:Russia
370:Greece
293:Sultan
267:Europe
247:Cretan
235:Turkey
231:Vienna
227:Berlin
40:Efendi
366:Bursa
210:Resmo
162:Resmo
35:title
31:Ahmed
737:ISBN
699:ISBN
652:ISBN
623:ISBN
589:ISBN
484:and
261:and
229:and
180:1783
177:Died
159:1700
156:Born
514:by
37:is
29:is
1000::
753:.
735:.
731:.
707:.
660:.
631:.
607:^
597:.
567:^
302:.
168:,
164:,
64:c.
790:e
783:t
776:v
745:.
488:.
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