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citadel was roughly trapezoidal in plan, with the narrower side (113m) facing west toward the sea. The citadel was constructed along the contours of a 55 m hill, and was defended by eight artillery towers incorporated into its perimeter wall. There was a primary gate on the west side into the area between the north and south walls to the sea. A small postern (auxiliary) gate was located immediately north of the second tower on the eastern side. The northern of the two walls to the sea is well preserved, stretching 370 m to a final tower of which the foundations and fallen blocks are now underwater. The northern wall consisted of six towers and a fortified gate running in a nearly straight line from the northwest corner of the citadel to the sea. The bed of a river runs along the probably line of the south wall, which is not evident.
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and
Heracles are known to have existed by inscriptions recovered on the site. The town and its warehouses operated down into Roman times. An inscription of c. 420 CE listed Aigosthena as a free city. A five-aisled Christian basilica was erected in the lower fortified area in the medieval period, and
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The ancient site of
Aigosthena consisted of a fortified citadel connected to the sea by two fortification walls; the fortress consisting of the acropolis citadel and the lower town. The acropolis stands on a low hill, 450m from the sea. Measuring roughly 90 by 187 m (~575 Doric feet), the
234:. The ancient citadel which stands at the foot of Mt Cithaeron and extends down to the sea at the inlet of Aigosthena, on the east side of the Gulf of Corinth, is famous for retaining several of the tallest surviving towers of ancient Greece.
306:. In general terms, these walls are among the best preserved of any of the Hellenistic period and show a high level of skill and finish. There is clear evidence of quarrying immediately south of the southeast tower of the citadel.
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Based on the design of the defense towers, Ober proposes that the site was fortified after 370 BCE. Lawrence opts for a date in the late 4th century BCE, on the assumption that
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The walls were built in a variety of masonry styles, which may be evidence of different phases of construction. Masonry styles in use include isodomic (
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The fortifications with the recently restored southeast tower of the citadel at back from NE, just outside of the citadel.
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to which it belonged. It is also the name of the coastal settlement at the foot of the ancient city walls, also known as
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338:. Its permanent population was 80 at the 2011 census. It is a popular beach resort with a small port.
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606:"Ancient Fortress of Aigosthena"; (info / video). Archaeology & Arts | Archaeology Wiki
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built the fortress rather than simply occupying it. The site was under the control of the
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in 243-224 BCE, and in 224 - 146 BCE it joined the
Boeotian League. Shrines of
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View of the citadel fortifications from the center of the north wall to the sea.
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View N along the east wall of the citadel from outside the postern gate.
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Quarry marks in the bedrock south of the southeast tower of the citadel.
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to the south. Aigosthena was historically the northernmost city of the
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The
Archaeology and Epigraphy of Hellenistic and Roman Megaris, Greece
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The southeast tower of the citadel from NW inside the citadel.
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Detail of the masonry of the southeast tower of the citadel.
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Early
Artillery Towers: Messinia, Boiotia, Attica, Megarid
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Remains of the westernmost tower of the north wall.
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3736:*Not included the most parts of Athens urban area
597:. Classical Backpacking in Greece. Archived from
415:View north along the east wall of the citadel.
250:. It is surrounded by forested mountains: the
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330:The modern village Aigosthena, also known as
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3781:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Attica
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16:Ancient Greek fortified port city of Megaris
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298:with hammered faces and drafted corners),
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529:Archaeology & Arts | Archaeology Wiki
505:Archaeology & Arts | Archaeology Wiki
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3776:Ancient Greek fortifications in Greece
183:Ephorate of Antiquities of West Attica
270:48 km (30 mi) northwest of
262:(Megarida). It is 10 km west of
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3106:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
641:Subdivisions of the municipality of
334:, is part of the municipal unit of
391:Western gate of the northern wall.
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525:"Ancient Fortress of Aigosthena"
501:"Ancient Fortress of Aigosthena"
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2305:Funeral and burial practices
1490:Military of Mycenaean Greece
548:Detailed census results 2011
481:List of ancient Greek cities
3771:Geography of ancient Attica
286:Plan of Ancient Aigosthena.
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3786:Hellenistic fortifications
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266:, 20 km southwest of
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1671:Artists & scholars
1586:List of ancient Greeks
1223:Second Athenian League
1072:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
897:Ancient Greek colonies
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3640:Amphiareion of Oropos
2790:Sybaris on the Traeis
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1255:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
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450:I.G. 7.1; 7.213; 7.43
311:Demetrios Poliorcetes
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122:38.14750°N 23.22861°E
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1213:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
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553:2013-12-25 at the
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188:Public access
127:38.14750; 23.22861
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576:. AJA 91 569–604.
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2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2660:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2617:Attic numerals
2614:
2612:Greek numerals
2609:
2607:Greek alphabet
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2570:
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2564:
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2477:
2472:
2467:
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2398:
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2329:
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2319:
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2301:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2261:Musical system
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2220:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
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1798:
1793:
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1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
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1724:
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1715:
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1705:
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1695:
1693:Mathematicians
1690:
1685:
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1654:
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1624:
1619:
1614:
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1602:Kings of Argos
1598:
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1564:
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1507:
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1497:
1492:
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1472:
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1462:
1460:Cretan archers
1457:
1452:
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1369:
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1361:
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1352:
1347:
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1337:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1318:
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1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1259:Achaean League
1256:
1253:Euboean League
1250:
1244:
1241:Epirote League
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1189:(c. 500–31 BC)
1184:
1171:
1158:
1152:
1139:
1121:
1119:
1117:Confederations
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1041:Lissus (Crete)
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
950:
940:
939:
936:
935:
930:
925:
919:
918:
911:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
818:
816:
810:
809:
807:
806:
801:
796:
791:
789:Archaic Greece
786:
781:
776:
771:
765:
763:
755:
754:
751:
750:
745:
739:
738:
731:
730:
728:
727:
721:
718:
717:
714:Ancient Greece
712:
710:
709:
702:
695:
687:
678:
677:
675:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
651:
647:
646:
640:
638:
637:
630:
623:
615:
609:
608:
603:
601:on 2006-09-05.
589:
588:External links
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3670:Lake Marathon
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3622:Landmarks of
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3107:
3104:
3102:
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3082:
3081:Hemeroscopion
3079:
3077:
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3072:
3069:
3067:
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3056:
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2659:
2658:Magna Graecia
2655:
2651:
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2640:
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2632:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
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2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
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2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:Arcadocypriot
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2485:Zeus, Olympia
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Hera, Olympia
2468:
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2389:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:Mount Olympus
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:Sacred places
2339:
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2330:
2328:
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2323:
2320:
2316:
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2181:
2178:
2176:
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2165:Olympic Games
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2155:Homosexuality
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
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1526:
1525:Seleucid army
1523:
1521:
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1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
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1471:
1468:
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1390:
1384:
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1371:
1370:
1368:
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1310:
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1300:
1298:
1295:
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1279:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1254:
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1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:Delian League
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1175:
1172:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:Ionian League
1153:
1143:
1140:
1136: 560 BC
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
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1080:
1078:
1075:
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1037:
1034:
1032:
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1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
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3376:Dionysopolis
3346:Abonoteichos
3298:Pantikapaion
2888:Hybla Heraea
2224:Architecture
2180:Prostitution
1869:Aristophanes
1728:Philosophers
1698:Philosophers
1530:Spartan army
1261:(280–146 BC)
1249:(338–322 BC)
1243:(370–168 BC)
1231:(374–196 BC)
1225:(378–355 BC)
1207:(430–348 BC)
1201:(478–404 BC)
1195:(499–449 BC)
882:Peloponnesus
804:Roman Greece
599:the original
595:"Aigosthena"
580:
573:
564:Bibliography
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3695:Porto Rafti
3524:Place names
3436:Salmydessus
3258:Kalos Limen
3238:Chersonesus
3228:Borysthenes
2933:Tauromenion
2745:Metapontion
2507:Proto-Greek
2460:Erechtheion
2455:Athena Nike
2417:Philippeion
2246:Mathematics
2217:and science
2100:Agriculture
1964:Stesichorus
1874:Bacchylides
1864:Archilochus
1751:Antisthenes
1741:Anaximander
1713:Seven Sages
1703:Playwrights
1683:Geographers
1678:Astronomers
1505:Pezhetairos
1132: 1100
1112:Federations
1011:Megalopolis
948:City states
923:City states
159:Hellenistic
125: /
101:Coordinates
3750:Categories
3655:Eleutherae
3635:Aigosthena
3426:Polemonion
3303:Phanagoria
3273:Kimmerikon
3268:Kerkinitis
3253:Hermonassa
3243:Dioscurias
3139:Aspalathos
3086:Kalathousa
3061:Akra Leuke
2990:Phoenicusa
2775:Scylletium
2760:Poseidonia
2680:Brentesion
2567:Pamphylian
2562:Macedonian
2480:Samothrace
2465:Hephaestus
2412:Long Walls
2391:Structures
2332:Underworld
2278:Technology
2241:Literature
2175:Philosophy
2140:Euergetism
2029:By culture
1974:Thucydides
1816:Pythagoras
1811:Protagoras
1801:Parmenides
1786:Heraclitus
1771:Empedocles
1761:Democritus
1746:Anaximenes
1736:Anaxagoras
1688:Historians
1181: 595
1168: 550
1149: 800
1134: – c.
1062:Cappadocia
867:Ionian Sea
857:Hellespont
822:Aegean Sea
534:2020-01-13
510:2020-01-13
487:References
208:Aigosthena
200:Aegosthena
180:Management
175:Site notes
141:Settlement
113:23°13′43″E
20:Aigosthena
3512:in Epirus
3461:Trapezous
3406:Mesambria
3391:Eupatoria
3361:Apollonia
3356:Anchialos
3318:Theodosia
3288:Nymphaion
3278:Myrmekion
3248:Gorgippia
3204:Black Sea
3189:Tragurion
3174:Nymphaion
3159:Epidauros
3154:Epidamnos
3144:Apollonia
3121:Zacynthos
3043:Ptolemais
3037:Apollonia
3010:Cyrenaica
3000:Therassía
2995:Strongyle
2975:Ereikousa
2898:Leontinoi
2838:Apollonia
2715:Hipponion
2512:Mycenaean
2475:Parthenon
2407:Lion Gate
2310:Mythology
2273:Sculpture
2236:Astronomy
2170:Pederasty
2145:Festivals
2130:Education
2010:Lawgivers
1979:Timocreon
1959:Sophocles
1954:Simonides
1929:Philocles
1924:Panyassis
1919:Mimnermus
1884:Herodotus
1879:Euripides
1849:Aeschylus
1796:Leucippus
1756:Aristotle
1535:Strategos
1401:Synedrion
1355:Ostracism
1335:Areopagus
1287:Free city
1082:Macedonia
966:Byzantion
872:Macedonia
837:Cyrenaica
814:Geography
748:Geography
458:Hellenica
304:polygonal
252:Cithaeron
238:Geography
218:) was an
216:Αἰγόσθενα
110:38°8′51″N
26:Αἰγόσθενα
3715:Saronida
3705:Rhamnous
3690:Parnitha
3680:Marathon
3665:Lagonisi
3645:Artemida
3561:Category
3539:Theatres
3466:Tripolis
3401:Kerasous
3396:Heraclea
3328:Tyritake
3283:Nikonion
3194:Thronion
3116:Salauris
3071:Emporion
3028:Berenice
3018:Balagrae
2970:Euonymos
2943:Tyndaris
2928:Syracuse
2923:Selinous
2893:Kamarina
2848:Casmenae
2833:Akrillai
2750:Neápolis
2685:Caulonia
2666:Mainland
2597:Linear B
2592:Linear A
2522:Dialects
2499:Language
2293:Religion
2251:Medicine
2185:Religion
2150:Folklore
2135:Emporium
2110:Clothing
2105:Calendar
1989:Xenophon
1984:Tyrtaeus
1969:Theognis
1944:Polybius
1939:Plutarch
1914:Menander
1894:Hipponax
1821:Socrates
1776:Epicurus
1622:Diadochi
1520:Sciritae
1480:Hetairoi
1455:Ballista
1420:Military
1383:Gerousia
1373:Ekklesia
1340:Ecclesia
1322:Athenian
1270:Politics
1183:–279 BC)
1170:–366 BC)
1151:–389 BC)
1087:Pergamon
1057:Bithynia
1050:Kingdoms
991:Pergamon
933:Military
928:Politics
725:Timeline
657:Erythres
551:Archived
475:See also
454:Xenophon
319:Melampos
73:Location
3720:Sounion
3675:Laurium
3660:Eleusis
3650:Brauron
3581:Outline
3534:Temples
3471:Zaliche
3451:Thèrmae
3441:Sesamus
3411:Odessos
3386:Cytorus
3381:Cotyora
3131:Illyria
3096:Mainake
3091:Kypsela
2980:Hycesia
2938:Thermae
2918:Segesta
2908:Messana
2863:Helorus
2843:Calacte
2823:Akragas
2785:Sybaris
2770:Rhegion
2725:Krimisa
2675:Alision
2584:Writing
2557:Locrian
2547:Epirote
2517:Homeric
2450:Artemis
2437:Temples
2378:Olympia
2348:Eleusis
2283:Theatre
2268:Pottery
2195:Warfare
2190:Slavery
2125:Economy
2120:Cuisine
2115:Coinage
2092:Society
2077:Culture
2072:Society
2020:Tyrants
1859:Alcaeus
1841:Authors
1791:Hypatia
1781:Gorgias
1718:Writers
1540:Toxotai
1510:Sarissa
1500:Peltast
1495:Phalanx
1475:Hoplite
1470:Hippeis
1393:Macedon
1365:Spartan
1350:Heliaia
1297:Proxeny
1006:Larissa
1001:Kerkyra
996:Eretria
986:Miletus
981:Ephesus
976:Corinth
971:Chalcis
892:Taurica
762:Periods
743:History
342:Gallery
296:ashlars
260:Megaris
256:Pateras
224:Megaris
196:Website
151:Periods
146:History
95:Megaris
3624:Attica
3571:Portal
3519:People
3507:Cities
3446:Sinope
3431:Rhizos
3421:Phasis
3371:Bathus
3366:Athina
3351:Amisos
3313:Tanais
3308:Pityus
3233:Charax
3184:Pharos
3179:Orikon
3076:Helike
3066:Alonis
3033:Cyrene
2965:Didyme
2878:Himera
2853:Catana
2815:Sicily
2805:Thurii
2800:Terina
2765:Pixous
2720:Hydrus
2695:Croton
2527:Aeolic
2445:Aphaea
2368:Dodona
2353:Delphi
2322:Temple
1998:Others
1949:Sappho
1934:Pindar
1909:Lucian
1904:Ibycus
1889:Hesiod
1826:Thales
1594:Rulers
1573:People
1550:Xyston
1545:Xiphos
1406:Koinon
1312:Tyrant
1302:Stasis
1292:Koinon
1092:Pontus
1067:Epirus
1036:Sparta
1026:Rhodes
1021:Megara
1016:Thebes
961:Athens
887:Pontus
852:Epirus
842:Cyprus
827:Aeolis
662:Mandra
470:– 4.23
272:Athens
268:Thebes
228:Megara
169:Megara
91:Region
85:Greece
81:Attica
3529:Stoae
3497:Lists
3416:Oinòe
3339:coast
3337:South
3323:Tyras
3293:Olbia
3263:Kepoi
3216:coast
3214:North
3207:basin
3149:Aulon
3111:Rhode
3023:Barca
2913:Naxos
2868:Henna
2828:Akrai
2795:Taras
2780:Siris
2740:Medma
2735:Locri
2700:Cumae
2690:Chone
2668:Italy
2574:Koine
2552:Ionic
2542:Doric
2537:Attic
2358:Delos
2256:Music
1899:Homer
1854:Aesop
1806:Plato
1708:Poets
1378:Ephor
1330:Agora
1307:Tagus
1282:Boule
1031:Samos
956:Argos
862:Ionia
847:Doris
832:Crete
672:Vilia
667:Oinoi
336:Vilia
264:Vilia
3456:Tium
3223:Akra
3164:Issa
2858:Gela
2730:Laüs
2705:Elea
2363:Dion
2215:Arts
2205:Wine
1831:Zeno
1428:Wars
138:Type
2160:Law
191:Yes
157:to
3752::
1178:c.
1165:c.
1146:c.
1129:c.
527:.
503:.
466:,
456:,
274:.
214::
83:,
79:,
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3608:t
3601:v
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3035:(
1176:(
1163:(
1144:(
1138:)
1127:(
1114:/
706:e
699:t
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513:.
210:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
