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190:, which was a horizontal mirror placed a few feet from the gun; the layer aimed his sight at its reflection. In the 1950s, the parallescope was replaced by the prism parallescope that was more robust and easily positioned. In the 1970s, the US introduced a modern version of the French device and called it a collimator. In the same period infra-red beacons had some very limited use.
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For gun-laying purposes a distance of a few kilometers from gun to aiming point is sufficient. An aiming point would be a sharply defined and easily distinguished feature, such the edge of an obvious building. However, this presents problems in featureless areas, in bad visibility or at night and
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The earliest form of aiming point was a pair of aiming posts for each gun, almost in line with one another when viewed through the gun's sight, and placed about 50 m (160 ft) from the gun. There were at least two ways of using these, but the simplest is to aim the sight midway between
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Originally, when indirect fire was introduced, an aiming point (AP) was used as a quick means of orienting the guns by ordering an angle to the AP for all guns to use. Other aiming points were used for aiming while firing, initially called ‘supplementary aiming points’ were given the name ‘Gun
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An essential requirement of an aiming point is that it be at a sufficient distance from the gun using it. The reason for this is that, while firing, guns, particularly towed guns, move back a short distance – perhaps a foot, as their spades embed and may move more in soft ground. When they
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Aiming Points’ (GAP). Many armies required that each gun recorded several GAPs, some mounted recording plates on their guns where the GAP angles were written, and some had regulations giving the priority order for the use of different types of GAP.
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their barrels their sights also move because they are not at the point of pivot. All this means that if the aiming point is too close then the angle to the aiming point changes. This aims the guns off-target, possibly up to several hundred meters.
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In some special circumstances, such as when only one round or salvo was going to be fired (e.g. by nuclear artillery or a multiple rocket launcher), a director or aiming circle about 100 m (330 ft) away could be used as an aiming point.
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In the 1980s the US Multi-Launch Rocket System entered US service, this did not use GAPs because it had a gyroscopic orientation system and did not need external reference points or orientation. During the 1990s similar systems were adopted by
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152:. Until the 1980s aiming points were essential for indirect fire artillery. They are also used by mortars and machine guns firing indirectly.
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putting lights on distant aiming points is seldom practical. Therefore, methods of simulating a distant aiming point are required.
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An indirect fire aiming point provides a point of angular reference to aim a gun in the required horizontal direction –
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terminology the aiming point (or A.P.) refers to holding the intersection of the cross hairs on a
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156:Description
292:Ballistics
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233:Gun laying
114:April 2007
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287:Artillery
143:bombsight
139:air force
127:artillery
125:In field
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18:Aim point
227:See also
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174:History
150:azimuth
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