780:"On December 20th , the Turkish army and its mercenaries attacked Afrin with tanks, artillery and jets causing massive destruction of the city....Recent footage of a military exercise by a pro-Turkish militia (National Liberation Front) who established a shooting range against the archaeological hill of Ain Dara in the occupied Afrin province invaded and controlled by Turkish forces and their proxy militias last year, revealed the tragic disappearance of the famous historical masterpiece known as The Lion of Afrin. Ain Dara itself was targeted by Turkish jets in 2018 as Turkish units and their proxy forces advanced on the area known for its archaeological wealth that featured one of the world's oldest temples often compared in significance to the Temple of Solomon... The disappearance of the Lion of Afrin marks another war crime against Syrian history and humanity at large."
725:"On 27 January 2018, the Turkish state warplanes bombarded and damaged the ancient "Ein -Darat" temple, despite its distance from the fighting fronts and the areas of engagement, by about 20 kilometers. Accordingly, the Directorate of Antiquities in Afrin canton and all the bodies and councils associated with Democratic Autonomous Administration and civil institutions condemn this savage shelling of sites and archaeological sites that are the property of all mankind. We call on the international community and all organizations involved in this field to intervene immediately, seriously and Turkish Cultural and Human Heritage in Afrin canton".
70:
649:. The layout of Dara is similar to that of the Biblical temple, which was also of a long room plan with the three-room configuration of a portico at the entrance followed by the main chamber with the shrine. The difference is in the antechamber, which is an add-on in the Ain Dara temple. The size of the Solomon temple was 35 m (115 ft) by 9 m (30 ft) while that of the Ain Dara is 30 m (98 ft) long by 20 m (66 ft) wide without side chambers. Other similarities include
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806:"...these elements carried out illegal excavations in areas of the town of Afrin, in the north of Aleppo and looted properties and facilities in the village of Tal Mohammed and near that of Ras Al Ayn, in that of Hasaka. Various sources also indicated that in the village of Joga, near the aforementioned Afrin, terrorists of the
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statue of a god or goddess. Paved floors and wall reliefs are visible in the multistoried hallways, at least three stories high, that flank three sides of the temple, with at least one southern entrance. Figure-eight lattice patterns are included on two false, recessed windows that were carved into the temple walls.
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A pair of large, bare footprints, each about 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in length, are carved into the stone floors of the portico, followed by a single footprint carved beyond the first two, and another single footprint carved into the threshold. "These footprints undoubtedly represent the deity
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In the small shrine area situated at the innermost area of the temple, the wall has carved sockets and grooves, which point to the former presence of a wooden screen. A ramp joins the main room to the platform area and the sanctum. The back wall of the sanctum has a niche which probably housed a
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As reported on MSN news, with the headline "Blown to bits", it is clear the temple was heavily damaged. "For 3,000 years, the lion sculptures of Syria's Ain Dara stood as testaments to the Iron Age. But as
Turkish bombardment pounds the region, they have little left but their paws."
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in late
January 2018. Reports indicate that at least 60% percent of the structure was reduced to rubble. The entire front facade of the temple has been destroyed in photos and video released online. The site's emblematic basalt lion was stolen in December 2019 by members of the
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A courtyard built with sandstones provides the approach to the temple. The courtyard is paved with flagstones where a chalkstone basin for ceremonial purposes is seen. The temple, 30 by 20 m (98 by 66 ft) in size, faces southeast. Its exterior contains a
462:
Ali Abu Assaf discovered the temple and inferred that it was built in three structural phases in the period from about 1300 BC to 740 BC. The first phase was from 1300 to 1000 BC, the second phase from 1000 to 900 BC, and third phase from 900 to 740 BC.
496:, as excavated, has revealed a three-part layout with structural blocks of basalt on limestone foundations. However, it has been conjectured that the temple probably had a mud-brick superstructure covered with wood paneling, which has not survived.
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to go beyond the targeting of military forces to include shelling villages and towns full of civilians from the elderly, children and women To the rich and varied history and civilization of the province from prehistoric times to the present
1694:, ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Safeguarding the Heritage of the Near East Initiative, March 2018. Via Bible History Daily, accessed 9 January 2020. With description of the temple, damage assessment, before-and-after photos.
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749:, journeying out to eventually plunder the already Turkish-bombed disaster area of 'Ain Dara's archaeological site. It was reported across multiple news outlets including the Syrian information news network of
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U.N. organizations and human rights groups have heavily warned since
February 2019 that Turkish backed rebel forces were carrying out systematic violent and deadly attacks against Kurdish civilians in Afrin.
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relief. The entrance porch, or portico, marked by two basalt piers or pillars, and a wide hall, were not roofed over and were part of an open courtyard. The entrance pillars appear to have architectural and
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explains that the Temple in
Jerusalem "is the place of My throne and the place for the soles of My feet". Such an individual would be 20 m (66 ft) in height based on the size of the footprints.
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Massive footprints were carved into the floor; whether of giants, humans, or animals is debatable. Also left to speculation is to whom the temple is dedicated. Ain Dara may have been devoted to
1721:
718:"Turkish forces revealed the occupation of Syrian geography in its real face, especially the Turkish state, since the declaration of war on Afrin canton on 20 January 2018, as it escalated
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with a series of side chambers on three sides of the temple". It has also been inferred that these chambers were part of the pre-existing temple platform and not linked to the main temple.
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perpetrated against the Syrian
Christians during WWI. An estimated 20,000 Christians left the city of Qamishli after the 2011 Syrian War erupted. Qamishli is situated at the base of the
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416:. The area is divided in two parts, the main tell that is 25 m (82 ft) above the surrounding plain, and the lower acropolis which covers an area of 25 ha (60 acres).
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While all these were dated as part of first- and second-phase creations, the material remains unearthed at the site identify additions made in the third phase of construction, an "
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The commission finds there are reasonable grounds to believe that armed group members in Afrin committed the war crimes of hostage-taking, cruel treatment, torture, and pillage
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temple, discovered during excavations in 1936 and located about 50 miles (80 km) away, had "caused a sensation because of its similarities to
Solomon's Temple."
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684:
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Lehmann, Gunnar (February 2002). "Reviewed work(s): The Iron Age
Settlement at ʿAin Dara, Syria: Survey and Soundings by Elizabeth C. Stone; Paul E. Zimansky".
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in the lower wall panels. An elevated podium (0.75 m (2 ft 6 in) high platform), a niche, and a secondary wall are part of the visible remains.
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and remained almost unchanged during the construction of
Solomon's Temple (1000–900 BC) as it had been before so it predates the First Temple. The temples of
826:, the second largest city in the al-Hasakah Governorate, which was home to a significant Jewish community in ancient times. It was also the modern center of
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In brief, 33 of the architectural elements found in Ain Dara are tallied with 65 of the features mentioned in the
Biblical description of Solomon's Temple.
439:
The discovery of the temple was the result of a fortuitous finding of a colossal basalt lion in 1955. Excavations in 1956, 1962, and 1964 were conducted by
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Monson has also noted that the deities in all the Ain Dara temple reliefs have "shoes with curled-up toes". The source of the footprints is debatable.
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as described in the
Biblical texts, though not seen on the ground, were discussed by archaeologists and historians. Already the smaller 8th-century
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erected on a raised platform, with a narrow portico and a roof supported on pillars flanked by reliefs on the walls and carvings of similar motifs
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issued a statement condemning the attack on the site as "aggression of the Turkish regime on archaeological sites in the northern countryside of
1604:"Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic (A/HRC/40/70) [EN/AR] – Syrian Arab Republic"
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since 2011, but unlike Ain Dara, the Urkesh site is protected by Kurdish YPG troops since 2016. Additionally, in the town of Urkesh, the copper
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After months of warnings, on 17 December 2019, the Prensa Latina news source detailed the looting of Ain Dara, reporting:
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to whom the temple was dedicated, probably Ba'al Hadad, striding into his abode, towards the throne room." This parallels
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1241:"American newspaper: Militants affiliated with Turkey stole basalt lion statue from Ain Dara archeological site"
538:. The middle room is 6 metres (20 ft) by 15.5 metres (51 ft) in area and is lined with lion reliefs,
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703:. Aerial bombardments of the Ain Dara site were first reported by a local resident via Dutch news network
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After the 1980–1985 excavations, the similarities between the temple at Ain Dara with Solomon's Temple in
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The basalt lion sculpture, which was discovered in 1956, like the Ain Dara temple itself, is now gone:
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Left: The left footprint (ca. 1 metre in length). Right: The right footprint (about 1 metre in length)
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and two lions decorate the temple portico flanking the three steps (out of four) made from basalt.
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The giant basalt Lion which was stolen in December 2019 by Turkish backed Syrian rebels.
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1526:"Turkish forces destroy parts of the ancient Ain Dara temple in Afrin (PHOTOS, VIDEO)"
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Ain Dara temple is located in north Syria, 67 kilometres (42 mi) northwest of
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1500:"Directorate of Antiquities- Turkish Occupation Army targets Archaeological Sites"
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period during the fourth millennium BC, and the tell remained occupied until the
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737:" and called on international organizations to denounce the attack on Ain Dara.
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822:, which in Arabic means "Tell of Solomon". Furthermore, to the east also is
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There are many features in common with Solomon's Temple as described in the
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1578:"Rights Groups: Abuses on the Rise in Syria's Afrin – Syrian Arab Republic"
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In early December 2019, Al-Hamzat backed by Turkish forces, took part in
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As stated by the Directorate of Antiquities in Afrin on 31 January 2018:
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Reconstructed wall of Ain Dara Temple with cherubim relief in lower panel
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and Feisal Seirafi; beginning in 1976, Ali Abu Assaf continued the work.
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1440:"Burgers in Afrin over Turkse bombardementen: niemand kijkt naar ons om"
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The main sections include the porch, a middle room and an inner room or
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Ain Dara Temple before the Turkish bombing destroyed it in early 2018.
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near the Syro-Turkish border. It was built on a terrace known as the "
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The Iron age settlement at ʻAin Dara, Syria: survey and surroundings
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Warnings gone by as careless and/or deliberate destruction continues
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1552:"Lion of Afrin: Victim of Archaeological Mafias and War Criminals"
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Detail of the outer wall of the Ain Dara temple, showing two lions
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Book of Kings: Sources, Composition, Historiography and Reception
862:
and accompanying stone tablet bearing the earliest known text in
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1470:"Syrian government says Turkish shelling damaged ancient temple"
1376:"Syrian government says Turkish shelling damaged ancient temple"
1202:"Syrian government says Turkish shelling damaged ancient temple"
310:
302:
1225:
Turkish bombing damages 3,000-year-old temple in northern Syria
1111:
Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C.; Beck, Astrid B. (2000).
1477:
1138:
Lemaire, Andra(c); Adams, Dr Samuel; Baruch Halpern (2009).
818:
There are many tell sites in the surrounding area, such as
348:. It also might have been dedicated to the male storm deity
1406:"Syria condemns Turkey's attacks on ancient sites in Afrin"
812:
seized a Basalt Lion at the Archaeological site of Ain Dara
293:
According to the excavator, Ali Abu Assaf, it existed from
1692:
Special Report: Current Status of the Tell Ain Dara Temple
419:
Just east of the temple site is the modern-day village of
412:". The tell itself is precipitous-faced and overlooks the
909:. Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press. p.
729:
The Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums and
451:
The earliest habitation signs on the tell are from the
1299:(325). The American Schools of Oriental Research: 83.
1053:"The New 'Ain Dara Temple: Closest Solomonic Parallel"
69:
1297:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
1268:
Stone, Elizabeth Caecilia; Zimansky, Paul E. (1999).
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1630:"Denuncian saqueo de sitios arqueológicos en Siria"
691:reported major destruction of the temple following
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1722:14th-century BC religious buildings and structures
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979:. In Hess, Richard S.; Wenham, Gordon J. (eds.).
313:(Temple D) are also comparable, as is the nearby
1356:. Biblical Archaeology Society. 10 October 2013
1177:Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel
798:The end of Ain Dara and the ancient basalt lion
1732:Buildings and structures in Aleppo Governorate
983:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 12–19.
685:Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums
51:The remains of the Ain Dara temple before 2018
1234:
1232:
8:
1657:"Syrien: Die letzten Christen von Qamischli"
1117:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 1265.
874:found there, is on permanent exhibit in the
321:. The surviving sculptures depict lions and
39:
977:"The Temple of Solomon: Heart of Jerusalem"
970:
1737:Archaeological sites in Aleppo Governorate
1354:"Searching for the Temple of King Solomon"
1329:Israel: Ancient Kingdom Or Late Invention?
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741:Basalt lion stolen by Turkish-backed group
375:, the temple was significantly damaged by
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340:of fertility and civilisation, or to the
30:For other places with the same name, see
1332:. B&H Publishing Group. p. 46.
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676:Destruction by Turkish military in 2018
1239:al-Sabbagh, Hazem (16 December 2019).
1006:
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7:
1058:. michaelsheiser.com. Archived from
278:. It is located near the village of
933:. College Press. pp. 110–111.
846:, located near the area of ancient
794:,” the United Nations report said.
689:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
381:Turkish military operation in Afrin
1170:Walton, John H.; Baker, David W.;
623:Conceptual sketch of elevation of
615:Similarities with Solomon's Temple
435:Colossal basalt lion found in 1955
176:600 m (6,500 sq ft)
25:
1502:. 31 January 2018. Archived from
1416:. 28 January 2018. Archived from
1326:Block, Daniel I. (October 2008).
1214:from the original on 9 July 2023.
358:the international coastal highway
1742:2nd-millennium BC establishments
1114:Eerdmans dictionary of the Bible
582:
573:
68:
61:
1772:1955 archaeological discoveries
1274:. J. and E. Hedges. p. 1.
1084:Hicks, John Mark (March 2001).
680:In late January 2018, both the
1090:. College Press. p. 272.
866:was discovered, dating to the
447:History of the tell and temple
325:, which are comparable to the
266:noted for its similarities to
1:
975:Monson, John M. (June 1999).
546:were added. There are basalt
1655:Hermann, Rainer; Qamischli.
927:Long, Jesse (January 2002).
765:region of Northeast Syria.
27:Archaeological site in Syria
1707:American Center of Research
757:and looted facilities near
352:, or it might have been an
270:, also known as the "First
1788:
1180:. Zondervan. p. 494.
876:Metropolitan Museum of Art
731:Syrian Ministry of Culture
29:
1174:; Paul W. Ferris (2009).
467:Architecture and fittings
56:
44:
830:, formed after the 1915
671:Destruction in 2018–2019
1727:Iron Age sites in Syria
1245:Syrian Arab News Agency
905:Life in Biblical Israel
699:in the course of their
388:, which is part of the
274:", as described in the
125:36.459361°N 36.852083°E
1144:. BRILL. p. 297.
816:
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747:Operation Peace Spring
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720:Operation Olive Branch
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168:20 m (66 ft)
160:30 m (98 ft)
1636:(in European Spanish)
1530:Voice of People Today
981:Zion, city of our God
870:of 2300 – 2159 BC. A
834:, which followed the
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427:History of excavation
329:of the First Temple.
227:Excavation dates
1087:1 & 2 Chronicles
707:on 23 January 2018.
627:as explained in the
390:Syrian National Army
197:c. 1300 BC to 740 BC
130:36.459361; 36.852083
899:Stager, Lawrence E.
872:second, copper lion
828:Syriac Christianity
356:on a road known as
344:version of Ishtar,
272:Temple in Jerusalem
121: /
41:
1703:Photos of Ain Dara
1698:Pictures from 2010
1610:. 28 February 2019
1558:. 12 December 2019
1506:on 3 February 2018
1420:on 28 January 2018
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663:the raised podium.
657:overlooking a city
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338:Mesopotamian deity
243:Public access
77:Shown within Syria
1757:Destroyed temples
1532:. 28 January 2018
1480:. 31 January 2018
1450:. 23 January 2018
1386:. 28 January 2018
1339:978-0-8054-4679-1
1281:978-1-84171-103-4
1187:978-0-310-25576-5
1151:978-90-04-17729-1
1124:978-0-8028-2400-4
1097:978-0-89900-883-7
990:978-0-8028-4426-2
940:978-0-89900-882-0
832:Assyrian Genocide
697:Turkish Air Force
536:sanctum sanctorum
371:According to the
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820:Tall Sulaymānī
799:
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783:
742:
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687:and pro-rebel
677:
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647:Books of Kings
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459:(1517 -1917).
457:Ottoman period
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441:Maurice Dunand
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284:Afrin District
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1672:. Retrieved
1660:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1607:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1581:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1555:
1546:
1534:. Retrieved
1529:
1520:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:the original
1494:
1482:. Retrieved
1473:
1464:
1452:. Retrieved
1446:(in Dutch).
1443:
1434:
1422:. Retrieved
1418:the original
1409:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1379:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1348:
1328:
1321:
1296:
1290:
1270:
1248:. Retrieved
1244:
1220:
1205:
1196:
1176:
1172:Bodi, Daniel
1140:
1133:
1113:
1106:
1086:
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1060:the original
980:
929:
904:
889:
817:
811:
807:
805:
801:
791:
788:
779:
775:
744:
728:
717:
713:
709:
679:
666:
644:
640:Tell Tayinat
633:
629:Hebrew Bible
610:
597:
556:
552:
533:
503:
491:
461:
453:Chalcolithic
450:
438:
418:
414:Afrin Valley
399:
377:Turkish jets
370:
360:between the
331:
319:Tell Tayinat
292:
276:Hebrew Bible
261:Syro-Hittite
253:
251:
149:Part of
113:36°27′33.7″N
36:
1674:23 December
1640:23 December
1614:23 December
1588:23 December
1562:23 December
1380:reuters.com
1250:23 December
1069:12 February
1007:|work=
860:Louvre lion
379:during the
128: /
116:36°51′7.5″E
104:Coordinates
1716:Categories
1556:InsideOver
1536:29 January
1510:29 January
1484:31 January
1454:28 January
1424:28 January
1390:28 January
1360:23 January
882:References
856:Syrian War
763:Al-Hasakah
759:Ras al-Ayn
693:airstrikes
655:high place
603::7, where
601:Ezekiel 43
565:Footprints
559:ambulatory
317:temple at
222:Site notes
1669:0174-4909
1608:ReliefWeb
1582:ReliefWeb
1009:ignored (
999:cite book
808:Al Hamzat
636:Jerusalem
540:guilloché
406:acropolis
396:Geography
342:Canaanite
235:Condition
230:1980–1985
152:Acropolis
92:village,
1212:Archived
901:(2001).
850:city of
836:Armenian
824:Qamishli
522:Interior
507:cherubim
500:Exterior
421:Ain Dara
327:cherubim
323:sphinxes
307:Mumbaqat
280:Ain Dara
258:Iron Age
212:Cultures
206:Iron Age
186:Material
90:Ain Dara
86:Location
32:Ain Dara
1705:at the
1661:faz.net
1474:msn.com
1384:Reuters
1313:1357717
1207:Reuters
864:Hurrian
848:Hurrian
761:in the
695:by the
548:reliefs
408:of the
346:ʿAṯtart
295:1300 BC
216:Aramean
202:Periods
194:Founded
181:History
1762:Inanna
1667:
1444:nos.nl
1414:Xinhua
1336:
1311:
1278:
1184:
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937:
852:Urkesh
735:Aleppo
682:Syrian
605:Yahweh
516:sphinx
512:cultic
494:temple
402:Aleppo
354:oracle
334:Inanna
309:, and
299:740 BC
297:until
264:temple
157:Length
144:Temple
1309:JSTOR
1063:(PDF)
1056:(PDF)
755:Afrin
723:day."
544:stele
350:Hadad
288:Syria
282:, in
238:ruins
189:stone
165:Width
98:Syria
94:Afrin
1767:Baal
1676:2019
1665:ISSN
1642:2019
1616:2019
1590:2019
1564:2019
1538:2018
1512:2018
1486:2018
1456:2018
1426:2018
1392:2018
1362:2014
1334:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1252:2019
1182:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1071:2011
1011:help
985:ISBN
935:ISBN
838:and
814:"...
751:SANA
410:tell
364:and
311:Ebla
303:Emar
252:The
173:Area
141:Type
1478:MSN
1448:NOS
1301:doi
911:334
705:NOS
246:Yes
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