359:
663:
273:
702:
873:
79:
63:
694:
358:
650:. In that battle, the Mamluks used the terrain of Ain Jalut to their advantage, concealing their main army in the trees on adjacent hills before provoking the Mongols with a decoy force. When the Mongols had been lured into the ambush, the main Mamluk army attacked from all sides. Routed, the Mongols were forced to retreat to
762:, but with some limitations on his detailed vision. The Gdud began this settlement near the Ain Jalut which was known to Jews as Ein Harod. Yehuda Kopolevitz Almog, one of the Gdud's leaders, describes that in the first day the settlers set up tents and began enclosing their camp with barbwire and defensive trenches.
465:. The name "Harod" translates literally as the "spring of trembling (or anxiety)", a toponym thought to have been used "as a literary illusion to the fear and anxiety of the warriors" ahead of the battle. Stanley noted that the then modern name, "Ain Jahlood" or "Spring of Goliath" may have originated, as observed by
189:
The traditional name of Ain Jalut has been used since the 12th century and is commonly believed to mean "Spring of
Goliath". Alternative etymologies have suggested that it might be derived from the name Gilead, potentially an archaic name for Mount Gilboa. Other names given to the site include
937:
This will not be the first time that our people has vanquished its enemies. The
Mongols came and swept away the Abbasid caliphate, then they came to Ain Jalut in our land – in the same region where we are today fighting the Zionists – and they were defeated at Ain
894:, which features a recreational swimming pool fed by the spring's waters. The park also contains the house built at the site by the Hankins, which has become a museum. Adjacent to this there is a war memorial for residents of the valley who died in Israel's wars.
801:. Disagreements on funds and internal politics have led Ein Harod and Tel Yosef to part ways in 1923, with many members leaving the former for the latter. The group that remained in Ein Harod included 110 members and was headed by Lavi,
489:, and thus explain the cry of Gideon ahead of his battle: "Whoever is fearful and afraid, let him return, and depart early from Mount Gilead." Schwarz alternatively explains "Mount Gilead" as a "general phrase for the whole tribe" of
1076:"'Ain Jalûd, the Fountain of Jezreel, known also as Gideon's Fountain. It flows from a cavernous recess in the base of Jebel Fukû'a (Mount Gilboa), and spreads out at once into a fine limpid pool forty or fifty feet in diameter"
1857:. Institute for Palestine Studies. 1973. p. 877, quoting "Radio Interview Statements by Central Committee Chairman Arafat of the PLO on the Efforts Being Made to Reach a Peaceful Settlement," 25 July 1970.
685:. In 1921, when the land was sold by the Sursocks, the nine families who lived here petitioned the new British administration for perpetual ownership, but were only offered a short lease with an option to buy.
212:
pitched his tent before his final battle, but this was rejected in 1847 and has gained little traction since. The spring is still sometimes known as the "Fountain of
Jezreel", as well as "Gideon's Fountain".
897:
The park has been described as "well maintained", but visitors to the site "have absolutely no way of knowing that one of the climactic battles of the Middle Ages was fought in it".
1988:
The Survey of
Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer
520:), on the other side of Mount Gilboa. Smith suggested that "Jezreel" in that context was not the city, but the name of the district in which the biblical spring was located.
1523:
Ruth Kark (2017). "Consequences of the
Ottoman Land Law: Agrarian and Privatization Processes in Palestine, 1858–1918". In Raghubir Chand, Etienne Nel and Stanko Pelc (ed.).
332:. The water emerges from the hills as they incline north towards the valleys. At this valley the waters emerge from a natural cave known as "Gideon's Cave". The spring's
913:) in the immediate vicinity of the spring. The surveyors also found a burial tomb and the remains of an oil press. Settlement remains were discovered at the adjacent
426:, in which he and his son were ultimately killed. Haparchi dismissed the connection of the spring to Goliath, suggesting that the biblical battle took place between
473:, from a confused recollection of the earlier stories, but "more probably arose from a false tradition in the 6th century". He separately noted the suggestion by
32:
887:
1828:
The
Palestinians and the Middle East conflict: an international conference held at the Institute of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Haifa, April 1976
500:
Little consensus has emerged regarding the association of either
Biblical place name. The connection of Ain Jalut with the Jezreel spring was rejected by
1238:
605:, wrote that "The Sultan continued his march to el-Jalut, a prosperous village, near which there is a spring (ain), and here he pitched his camp".
662:
364:
194:" or "Ein Harod", a biblical place name that was associated with Ain Jalut in the 19th century; subsequent scholarship, specifically the work of
1406:
1390:
2089:
2054:
1912:
1898:
1836:
1707:
1540:
391:, with "Jalut" presumed to be an Arabization of "Goliath". This follows a longstanding tradition of narration in relation to the spring. An
1274:
1784:
1768:
1744:
1682:
1647:
1588:
1374:
1353:
1345:
1171:
1059:
1032:
758:", a settlement consisting of several farms spread on vast terrain with both agriculture and industry. His plan was approved by the
701:
501:
261:
512:, the spring in Ain Jalut is much larger and is therefore more likely to be the spring where Saul set his military camp. In 1920,
272:
2129:
400:
204:
732:
245:
232:
in 1183 CE (579 AH). A later
Palestinian village was also established in the area in the late 19th century. In the 1920s, the
891:
881:
693:
257:
1674:
1164:
1886:
1732:
1639:
2105:
453:, similarly associated Ain Jalut with the "Spring of Jezreel", and also suggested that this could be the same site as
1558:
The Arab settlement of Late
Ottoman and Mandatory Palestine: New Village Formation and Settlement Fixation, 1871-1948
2124:
2074:
2046:
1992:
1922:
1890:
1670:
1609:
872:
759:
337:
78:
2028:
The
Historical Geography of the Holy Land Especially in Relation to the History of Israel and of the Early Church
2000:
1075:
926:
504:
in 1847, who identified the Jezreel spring as closer to the ancient city, known today as "Ein Jezreel". In 1874,
1604:
Kenneth W. Stein (1980). "Legal Protection and Circumvention of Rights for Cultivators in Mandatory Palestine".
591:
392:
62:
1728:
906:
598:
573:
380:
373:
342:
217:
67:
678:, who had bought the land from the Ottoman government in 1872 and established a small village in the area.
594:(586) notes "ibi est campus, ubi David Goliat occidit" in reference to a location just before Scythopolis.
474:
2036:
1926:
1908:
1467:
1463:
1357:
1333:
1219:
1204:
959:
524:
446:
369:
144:
1664:
418:
identified Ain Jalut with the biblical "Spring which is in Jezreel", as well as where the Israelite king
2026:
1863:
532:
333:
2014:
2010:
Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838
1146:
1093:
309:
813:. The group at Ein Harod continued to get little support from the Zionist organizations and after the
1116:
814:
1982:
1918:
The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology
1881:
Baretz, Julie (June 2015). "Gideon at En Harod Judges 6; 7; 8:22–28 (additional reading: 8:1–21)".
1810:
706:
631:
350:
stated that the rock from which the fountain springs has been artificially hollowed into a cavern.
167:
99:
1974:
1861:
Preparing for Dawn: The United States and the Global Politics of Palestinian Resistance 1967-1975,
1185:
976:
810:
202:, has refuted this connection. Other associations have also been suggested, including in the 1841
1934:
1613:
1527:. Perspectives on Geographical Marginality. Springer International Publishing. pp. 101–119.
1492:
1445:
1419:
987:
856:
536:
470:
195:
155:
1580:
1805:
905:
An archaeological survey conducted in the 20th century found flour mills and the remains of an
2109:
2050:
2022:
1894:
1832:
1764:
1740:
1736:
1703:
1678:
1643:
1584:
1536:
1298:
1055:
1049:
1028:
1024:
794:
789:, a school for learning Hebrew was set up in the camp. In December 1921, a second farm called
513:
494:
388:
293:
241:
1475:
324:
and collect in an underground water reservoir beneath the areas of the Palestinian cities of
1964:
1950:
1528:
1435:
1266:
852:
802:
774:
682:
544:
505:
423:
415:
347:
2070:
Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
1939:"Geographical and Historical Observations on the old North Israelite Gideon tale in Judges"
1424:"Geographical and Historical Observations on the old North Israelite Gideon tale in Judges"
1000:
728:
608:
237:
135:
109:
90:
2068:
2008:
1986:
1916:
1825:
Gabriel Ben-Dor; Universiṭat Ḥefah. Makhon le-ḥeḳer ṿe-limud ha-Mizraḥ ha-tikhon (1978).
387:. In that work, the name is presumed to mean "Goliath's spring", alluding to the tale of
2064:
1573:
1505:
806:
697:
The settlement near the spring. Mount Gilboa can be seen in the background. (1920–1925)
671:
597:
In the 12th century, a village or a town existed next to the spring and bore its name.
540:
528:
509:
439:
408:
396:
285:
199:
159:
2118:
1449:
930:
766:
616:
1789:
972:
825:
778:
747:
564:
486:
305:
301:
297:
289:
281:
163:
1973:(in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale. pp.
1020:
The History of Galilee, 47 BCE to 1260 CE: From Josephus and Jesus to the Crusades
817:, the members chose to move their camp from the area of the spring to the hill of
2083:
2040:
1968:
1852:
1826:
1018:
1532:
979:
The itinerary of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela: Dr Zunz on the Geography of Palestine
751:
670:
In the early 20th century the spring and the surrounding area were owned by the
643:
466:
404:
313:
221:
1617:
782:
556:
832:
before their departure to their permanent locations. In 1949 a village named
47:
34:
2004:
848:
790:
740:
714:
620:
560:
317:
253:
225:
1955:
1440:
1423:
527:
then identified the En Harod with "Ain el-Jemain", a spring in the nearby
910:
821:, next to Tel Yosef and thus the settlement at the spring was abandoned.
770:
568:
490:
454:
191:
17:
1938:
1308:
1306:
543:
also rejected a link between En Harod and Ain Jalut, asserting that the
508:
countered that although there is a spring closer to the ancient city of
1883:
The Bible on Location: Off the Beaten Path in Ancient and Modern Israel
736:
724:
647:
635:
624:
548:
497:, writing in 1920, also noted the similarity of "Jalud" with "Gilead".
403:
folklore similarly places the location of the battle as the "fields of
384:
321:
249:
233:
229:
175:
171:
1273:(in Hebrew). New York: Hadar Linotyping & Publishing co. pp.
304:. It is the largest of the springs emerging on the northern slopes of
933:
referred to the modern area in the context of the historical battle:
914:
837:
833:
829:
765:
The first 74 members pioneers were split into two groups. One of the
755:
675:
651:
639:
612:
552:
482:
462:
458:
431:
325:
179:
1970:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
1700:
Neither Town Nor Village - the Architecture of the Kibbutz 1910-1990
516:
in 1920 identified the "fountain which is in Jezreel" in Ein Ganim (
824:
The spring continued to be used as a camp site for the pioneers of
871:
841:
818:
798:
786:
720:
700:
692:
661:
517:
435:
427:
379:
The spring is first recorded as Ain Jalut in the 12th century by
357:
329:
183:
77:
71:
61:
485:". Schwarz suggested that this might reminisce an older name for
1560:. PhD Thesis, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. pp. 155, 185.
611:
mentions Ain Jalut as "a small and pleasant town, lying between
481:, that the name "Jalud" could instead be derived from the name "
419:
209:
2085:
The Sacred Land: Volume 3: Legends of Galilee, Jordan and Sinai
170:. This was a major turning point in world history that saw the
1230:
1228:
723:
Bloc" after a nearby Arab village, was instead bought by the
681:
The area was acquired by the Jewish community as part of the
781:. In the first months, the settlers sowed fields, planted a
531:
valley. En Harod was associated with Ain Jalut again by the
308:. The source of the spring as well as other springs in the
256:, near the spring. The site is today incorporated into the
74:
to the northeast, and Nuris and Rihaniyeh to the southeast
1147:"Meet Ma'ayan Harod National Park: Geography and Geology"
754:, among the leaders of the Gdud, had envisioned the "Big
1702:(in Hebrew). Israel: Yad Yitzhak Tabenkin. p. 101.
797:) was established by members of the Gdud on the hill of
395:
mentioned in the year 333/334, a place near the city of
929:
was named "Ain Jalut", after the battle. In July 1970,
1506:"Battle of Ayn Jalut | Summary | Britannica"
2042:
Sinai and Palestine: In Connection with Their History
917:
and the nearby Giv'at Yehonatan ("Jonathan's Hill").
336:
is about 360 cubic meters per hour. According to the
1312:
750:, a Zionist work group, to settle in the territory.
571:
also located the battle next to the Jordan River in
149:
129:
117:
1054:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 115–.
909:dated to Islamic times (either before or after the
208:, which linked it to the "spring in Jezreel" where
1943:Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
1763:. Israel: Ministry of Defense. 2005. p. 202.
1572:
1525:Societies, Social Inequalities and Marginalization
1472:The Life of Saladin. By Behâ Ed-Dîn. 1137-1193 A.D
1428:Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
220:there was a prosperous village at the site in the
1352:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: William Whyte And Co,
1200:
288:. While the Jezreel Valley is drained via the
240:purchased the surrounding area as part of the
1666:The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israel
1234:
312:to the east, comes from fresh rainwater that
178:that ultimately halted their invasion of the
8:
851:community split into two separate entities,
124:
1993:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1923:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1804:Aviva and Shmuel Bar-Am (18 January 2014).
1785:"Labour village on the foothills of Gilboa"
1723:Buchman, Yossi; Gal, Yitzhak, eds. (2001).
1325:
1323:
1321:
982:. A. Asher & Company. pp. 429–430.
619:Province. The place was taken by the Rumi (
414:In the 14th century, the Jewish geographer
393:anonymous Christian traveler from Burdigala
362:The entry on the spring from the 1881 book
2104:Survey of Western Palestine (SWP), Map 9:
1488:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1215:
925:One of the three original brigades of the
296:, the Harod Valley is drained through the
166:that was the location of the 13th-century
1954:
1439:
1196:
1194:
666:Ain Jalud at the turn of the 20th century
276:Gideon Cave, from which the waters emerge
1165:"Welcome to Ma'ayan Harod National Park"
1012:
1010:
836:was established next to the spring for
785:grove, paved roads and dried swamps. An
535:in 1903, and by Smith in 1920. In 2017,
271:
174:inflict the first of two defeats on the
70:, surrounded by Zerin to the northwest,
1294:
1269:(1957–1958). Blumenfeld, Joseph (ed.).
948:
365:Picturesque Palestine, Sinai, and Egypt
1474:. Translated by Conder, C.R. pp.
1370:
1250:
1133:
996:
985:
955:
2090:Jewish Publication Society of America
1831:. Turtledove Pub. pp. 179, 187.
1629:
1627:
1402:
1386:
1329:
1261:
1259:
399:where biblical David killed Goliath.
216:According to the medieval chronicler
7:
2031:. New York: George H. Doran company.
1854:International Documents on Palestine
1111:
1109:
1107:
457:, a place mentioned in the story of
27:Spring in the Jezreel Valley, Israel
1422:and Oded Lipschits (7 March 2017).
1121:The Archaeological Survey of Israel
1051:The History of the Mongol Conquests
284:, which is the eastern part of the
139:
125:
113:
94:
1937:; Lipschits, Oded (7 March 2017).
733:Palestine Land Development Company
479:Descriptive Geography of Palestine
246:Palestine Land Development Company
25:
1354:National Digital Library of India
1172:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
1151:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
1098:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
262:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
1806:"118 steps to a pioneer's house"
1606:Palestinian Society and Politics
1313:Finkelstein & Lipschits 2017
1048:J. J. Saunders (29 March 2001).
746:In 1921, Hankin sent members of
300:("Wadi Jalud" in Arabic) to the
205:Biblical Researches in Palestine
1:
1793:(in Hebrew). 1 December 1949.
1725:New Israel Guide: The Valleys
1579:. Transaction Books. p.
1094:"Ma'ayan Harod National Park"
422:prepared his army before the
280:The spring is located in the
104:'Harod's spring') or
1887:University of Nebraska Press
1859:Also in Paul T. Chamberlin,
1023:. Lexington Books. pp.
886:The spring is now part of a
1533:10.1007/978-3-319-50998-3_8
1201:Conder & Kitchener 1882
1080:The New York Public Library
892:Ma'ayan Harod National Park
882:Ma'ayan Harod National Park
876:Ma'ayan Harod National Park
343:Survey of Western Palestine
258:Ma'ayan Harod National Park
162:on the northwest corner of
150:
130:
118:
2146:
2075:Palestine Exploration Fund
2047:Cambridge University Press
1891:Jewish Publication Society
1671:Greenwood Publishing Group
1610:Princeton University Press
1575:The Claim of Dispossession
879:
760:World Zionist Organization
712:
1761:Israel - Sites and Places
1235:Robinson & Smith 1841
927:Palestine Liberation Army
777:, and the other from the
559:chased the Midianites to
547:actually took place near
469:in his 1866 geography of
224:. It was captured by the
1634:Aner, Zeev, ed. (1998).
592:Itinerarium Burdigalense
354:Names and identification
2130:Gilboa Regional Council
2037:Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn
2013:. Vol. 3. Boston:
1921:. Vol. 2. London:
1909:Conder, Claude Reignier
1556:Seth Frantzman (2010).
1468:Conder, Claude Reignier
1464:Wilson, Charles William
599:Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad
574:Antiquities of the Jews
563:, which is east of the
381:Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad
374:PEF Survey of Palestine
218:Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad
68:PEF Survey of Palestine
66:Ain Jalut in the 1870s
2015:Crocker & Brewster
1729:Keter Publishing House
1698:Freddy Kahana (2011).
1017:Silver, M. M. (2021).
940:
877:
710:
698:
667:
525:Claude Reignier Conder
447:Arthur Penrhyn Stanley
376:
370:Charles William Wilson
277:
260:, administered by the
83:
75:
1956:10.1515/zaw-2017-0005
1864:Ohio State University
1663:Leslie Stein (2003).
1640:Ministry of Defensive
1638:(in Hebrew). Israel:
1571:Arieh Avneri (1984).
1441:10.1515/zaw-2017-0005
935:
875:
719:The land, named the "
704:
696:
665:
646:under the command of
533:Encyclopaedia Biblica
445:In the 19th century,
361:
275:
81:
65:
2082:Vilnay, Zev (1978).
1642:. pp. 176–177.
815:1929 Palestine riots
769:, former members of
475:Rabbi Joseph Schwarz
383:in his biography of
2073:. Committee of the
1935:Finkelstein, Israel
1811:The Times of Israel
1733:Ministry of Defense
1271:Knob and the Flower
921:Legacy of Ain Jalut
743:, near the spring.
735:. Hankin founded a
707:Survey of Palestine
632:Battle of Ain Jalut
627:in 579 (1183 CE)."
615:and Baisan, in the
555:), after which the
461:'s battle with the
451:Sinai and Palestine
449:, in his 1856 book
168:Battle of Ain Jalut
82:Ma'ayan Harod, 2017
48:32.5506°N 35.3569°E
44: /
2049:(published 2010).
2023:Smith, George Adam
1893:. pp. 37–51.
1510:www.britannica.com
1420:Israel Finkelstein
1350:Lands Of The Bible
1184:Guérin, 1874, pp.
878:
857:Ein Harod (Meuhad)
739:, which he called
711:
699:
668:
623:), and retaken by
567:. They noted that
537:Israel Finkelstein
377:
310:Beit She'an Valley
278:
252:, which he called
196:Israel Finkelstein
84:
76:
2125:Springs of Israel
2110:Wikimedia commons
2056:978-1-108-01754-1
1900:978-0-8276-1189-4
1838:978-965-200-001-9
1737:Yedioth Aharonoth
1709:978-965-282-107-2
1669:. United States:
1636:Sipurei Kibbutzim
1542:978-3-319-50997-6
1267:Haparchi, Ishtori
838:Jewish immigratns
795:Joseph Trumpeldor
689:Kibbutz Ein Harod
514:George Adam Smith
495:George Adam Smith
389:David and Goliath
294:Mediterranean Sea
242:Sursock Purchases
154:) is an all-year
148:
103:
16:(Redirected from
2137:
2093:
2088:. Philadelphia:
2078:
2060:
2032:
2018:
2001:Robinson, Edward
1996:
1978:
1960:
1958:
1949:(1): 14–15, 17.
1930:
1904:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1801:
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1513:
1502:
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1479:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1434:(1): 14–15, 17.
1416:
1410:
1400:
1394:
1384:
1378:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1342:
1336:
1327:
1316:
1315:, p. 14–15.
1310:
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1045:
1039:
1038:
1014:
1005:
1004:
998:
993:
991:
983:
969:
963:
953:
853:Ein Harod (Ihud)
803:Yitzhak Tabenkin
775:Kvutzat Kinneret
683:Sursock Purchase
545:Battle of Gilboa
424:Battle of Gilboa
416:Ishtori Haparchi
372:after the 1870s
248:, and founded a
153:
143:
141:
133:
128:
127:
121:
115:
98:
96:
59:
58:
56:
55:
54:
53:32.5506; 35.3569
49:
45:
42:
41:
40:
37:
21:
2145:
2144:
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2065:Le Strange, Guy
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1999:
1981:
1963:
1933:
1913:Kitchener, H.H.
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1739:. p. 107.
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1697:
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1612:. p. 260.
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1117:"Maʽayan Harod"
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923:
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870:
865:
729:Yehoshua Hankin
717:
709:map of the area
691:
660:
609:Yaqut al-Hamawi
603:Life of Saladin
588:
586:Medieval period
583:
356:
270:
238:Yehoshua Hankin
228:and retaken by
52:
50:
46:
43:
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11:
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2099:External links
2097:
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2019:
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1965:Guérin, Victor
1961:
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880:Main article:
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807:Aharon Zisling
731:, through the
713:Main article:
690:
687:
672:Sursock family
659:
656:
587:
584:
582:
579:
541:Oded Lipschits
477:, in his 1850
440:Jezreel Valley
409:Jezreel Valley
401:Kurdish-Jewish
355:
352:
334:discharge rate
286:Jezreel Valley
269:
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200:Oded Lipschits
160:Jezreel Valley
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1034:9781793649461
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931:Yasser Arafat
928:
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888:national park
883:
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847:In 1952, the
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767:Second Aliyah
763:
761:
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749:
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738:
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726:
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708:
703:
695:
688:
686:
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679:
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673:
664:
657:
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638:defeated the
637:
634:in 1260, the
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511:
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506:Victor Guérin
503:
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111:
107:
101:
92:
88:
87:Ma'ayan Harod
80:
73:
69:
64:
60:
57:
19:
2084:
2069:
2041:
2027:
2009:
1987:
1983:Palmer, E.H.
1969:
1946:
1942:
1917:
1882:
1874:Bibliography
1860:
1853:
1847:
1827:
1820:
1809:
1799:
1790:Al HaMishmar
1788:
1779:
1760:
1755:
1724:
1718:
1699:
1693:
1665:
1658:
1635:
1605:
1599:
1574:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1524:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1484:
1471:
1458:
1431:
1427:
1414:
1398:
1382:
1366:
1349:
1340:
1295:Stanley 1856
1270:
1246:
1211:
1180:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1129:
1120:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1050:
1043:
1019:
978:
973:Leopold Zunz
967:
951:
936:
924:
904:
896:
885:
863:21st century
846:
826:Beit HaShita
823:
811:David Maletz
779:Third Aliyah
764:
748:Gdud HaAvoda
745:
718:
680:
669:
658:20th century
629:
607:
602:
596:
589:
572:
565:Jordan River
551:(modern day
522:
499:
487:Mount Gilboa
478:
450:
444:
413:
378:
363:
341:
306:Mount Gilboa
302:Jordan River
298:Harod Stream
290:Kishon River
282:Harod Valley
279:
244:through the
215:
203:
188:
164:Mount Gilboa
116:
105:
86:
85:
29:
1673:. pp.
1371:Guérin 1874
1356:. pp.
1346:John Wilson
1251:Vilnay 1978
1134:Baretz 2015
956:Palmer 1881
901:Archaeology
890:called the
752:Shlomo Lavi
644:Hulagu Khan
529:Beit She'an
502:John Wilson
467:Carl Ritter
222:Middle Ages
151:ain djeluth
51: /
2119:Categories
1925:. p.
1727:. Israel:
1491:, p.
1405:, p.
1403:Smith 1920
1389:, p.
1387:Smith 1920
1373:, p.
1332:, p.
1330:Smith 1920
1297:, p.
1237:, p.
1218:, p.
1203:, p.
997:|url=
958:, p.
943:References
783:eucalyptus
557:Israelites
463:Midianites
438:, not the
368:edited by
346:in 1882,
131:‘ayn Jālūd
119:‘ayn Jālūt
95:מעיין חרוד
39:35°21′25″E
36:32°33′02″N
2005:Smith, E.
1450:171934110
988:cite book
849:Ein Harod
791:Tel Yosef
741:Ein Harod
727:activist
715:Ein Harod
621:Crusaders
601:, in his
523:In 1882,
471:Palestine
407:" in the
320:hills of
318:limestone
316:into the
314:percolate
268:Geography
254:Ein Harod
236:activist
226:Crusaders
145:romanized
126:عين جالود
114:عين جالوت
106:Ain Jalut
18:Ain Jalut
2067:(1890).
2039:(1856).
2025:(1920).
2007:(1841).
1985:(1881).
1967:(1874).
1915:(1882).
1348:(1847).
975:(1841).
911:Crusades
907:aqueduct
771:Hashomer
642:army of
617:Filastin
569:Josephus
491:Manasseh
455:En Harod
192:En Harod
1975:308-310
1375:308-310
1299:337-338
1174:. 2018.
999:value (
793:(after
737:kibbutz
725:Zionist
648:Kitbuqa
636:Mamluks
630:In the
625:Saladin
581:History
561:Succoth
549:Shechem
510:Jezreel
405:Megiddo
397:Jezreel
385:Saladin
322:Samaria
292:to the
250:kibbutz
234:Zionist
230:Saladin
176:Mongols
172:Mamluks
158:in the
147::
102:
2053:
1897:
1866:, 2009
1835:
1767:
1743:
1706:
1681:
1646:
1616:
1587:
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1448:
1058:
1031:
995:Check
938:Jalut.
915:Gidona
834:Gidona
830:Dovrat
756:Kvutza
705:1940s
676:Beirut
652:Beisan
640:Mongol
613:Nablus
553:Nablus
483:Gilead
459:Gideon
432:Azekah
326:Nablus
180:Levant
156:spring
136:Hebrew
134:, and
123:, or
110:Arabic
91:Hebrew
1614:JSTOR
1446:S2CID
1168:(PDF)
842:Yemen
840:from
819:Qumya
799:Qumya
787:Ulpan
721:Nuris
674:from
518:Jenin
436:Judea
434:, in
428:Sokho
330:Jenin
184:Egypt
140:גילות
72:Qumya
2051:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1765:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1704:ISBN
1679:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1188:-310
1056:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1001:help
977:429
855:and
828:and
809:and
773:and
590:The
539:and
430:and
420:Saul
340:'s
328:and
210:Saul
198:and
182:and
100:lit.
2106:IAA
1951:doi
1947:129
1927:116
1675:176
1581:118
1529:doi
1493:386
1436:doi
1432:129
1407:397
1391:402
1334:397
1275:417
1239:168
1220:386
1205:101
1186:308
1025:308
960:157
338:PEF
2121::
2108:,
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2003:;
1991:.
1945:.
1941:.
1911:;
1889:,
1885:.
1808:.
1787:.
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1731:,
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1466:;
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1320:^
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1283:^
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1995:.
1977:.
1959:.
1953::
1929:.
1903:.
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1620:.
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1531::
1512:.
1495:.
1478:.
1452:.
1438::
1409:.
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1360:.
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1241:.
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1100:.
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