Aeschylus - Knowledge (XXG)

385: 2152:(in translation), said: "My favorite poet was Aeschylus. And he once wrote: 'Even in our sleep, pain which cannot forget falls drop by drop upon the heart, until in our own despair, against our will, comes wisdom through the awful grace of God.' What we need in the United States is not division; what we need in the United States is not hatred; what we need in the United States is not violence and lawlessness; but is love and wisdom, and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of justice toward those who still suffer within our country, whether they be white or whether they be black ... Let us dedicate ourselves to what the Greeks wrote so many years ago: to tame the savageness of man and make gentle the life of this world." The quotation from Aeschylus was later inscribed on a memorial at the gravesite of Robert Kennedy following his own assassination. 1129: 1095:. Eteocles and Polynices agree to share and alternate the throne of the city. After the first year, Eteocles refuses to step down. Polynices therefore undertakes war. The pair kill each other in single combat, and the original ending of the play consisted of lamentations for the dead brothers. But a new ending was added to the play some fifty years later: Antigone and Ismene mourn their dead brothers, a messenger enters announcing an edict prohibiting the burial of Polynices, and Antigone declares her intention to defy this edict. The play was the third in a connected Oedipus trilogy. The first two plays were 1998: 693: 608: 1395: 1192:, the Argive-Egyptian war threatened in the first play has transpired. King Pelasgus was killed during the war, and Danaus rules Argos. Danaus negotiates a settlement with Aegyptus, a condition of which requires his 50 daughters to marry the 50 sons of Aegyptus. Danaus secretly informs his daughters of an oracle which predicts that one of his sons-in-law would kill him. He orders the Danaids to murder their husbands therefore on their wedding night. His daughters agree. 60: 705: 7214: 4325: 1274: 7224: 7234: 4073: 640:, adds that Aeschylus had been staying outdoors to avoid a prophecy that he would be killed by a falling object, but this story may be legendary and due to a misunderstanding of the iconography on Aeschylus' tomb. Aeschylus' work was so respected by the Athenians that after his death his tragedies were the only ones allowed to be restaged in subsequent competitions. His sons 996: 520:

2nd-century AD author Aelian, Aeschylus' younger brother Ameinias helped to acquit Aeschylus by showing the jury the stump of the hand he had lost at Salamis, where he was voted bravest warrior. The truth is that the award for bravery at Salamis went not to Aeschylus' brother but to Ameinias of Pallene.

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This eagle has the instinct to break the shell of the tortoise by letting it fall from aloft, a circumstance which caused the death of the poet Æschylus. An oracle, it is said, had predicted his death on that day by the fall of a house, upon which he took the precaution of trusting himself only under

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It is revealed that 49 of the 50 Danaids killed their husbands. Hypermnestra did not kill her husband, Lynceus, and helped him escape. Danaus is angered by his daughter's disobedience and orders her imprisonment and possibly execution. In the trilogy's climax and dénouement, Lynceus reveals himself

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asserts that the audience tried to stone Aeschylus. Aeschylus took refuge at the altar in the orchestra of the Theater of Dionysus. He pleaded ignorance at his trial. He was acquitted, with the jury sympathetic to the military service of him and his brothers during the Persian Wars. According to the

1487:, for she is fated to beget a son greater than the father. Not wishing to be overthrown, Zeus marries Thetis off to the mortal Peleus. The product of that union is Achilles, Greek hero of the Trojan War. After reconciling with Prometheus, Zeus probably inaugurates a festival in his honor at Athens. 1356:

The third play addresses the question of Orestes' guilt. The Furies drive Orestes from Argos and into the wilderness. He makes his way to the temple of Apollo and begs Apollo to drive the Furies away. Apollo had encouraged Orestes to kill Clytemnestra, so he bears some of the guilt for the murder.

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claims that he won the first prize at the City Dionysia thirteen times. This compares favorably with Sophocles' reported eighteen victories (with a substantially larger catalogue, an estimated 120 plays), and dwarfs the five victories of Euripides, who is thought to have written roughly 90 plays.

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was traditionally regarded the inventor of tragedy. According to another tradition, tragedy was established in Athens in the late 530s BC, but that may simply reflect an absence of records. Major innovations in dramatic form, credited to Aeschylus by Aristotle and the anonymous source

1452:, a fellow victim of Zeus' cruelty. He prophesies her future travels, revealing that one of her descendants will free Prometheus. The play closes with Zeus sending Prometheus into the abyss because Prometheus will not tell him of a potential marriage which could prove Zeus' downfall. 1342:, to pour libations on Agamemnon's tomb (with the assistance of libation bearers) in hope of making amends. Orestes enters the palace pretending to bear news of his own death. Clytemnestra calls in Aegisthus to learn the news. Orestes kills them both. Orestes is then beset by the 427:

visited him in his sleep and commanded him to turn his attention to the nascent art of tragedy. As soon as he woke, he began to write a tragedy, and his first performance took place in 499 BC, when he was 26 years old. He won his first victory at the Dionysia in 484 BC.

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of Argos for protection, but Pelasgus refuses until the people of Argos weigh in on the decision (a distinctly democratic move on the part of the king). The people decide that the Danaids deserve protection and are allowed within the walls of Argos despite Egyptian protests.

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is attributed to Aeschylus by ancient authorities. Since the late 19th century, however, scholars have increasingly doubted this ascription, largely on stylistic grounds. Its production date is also in dispute, with theories ranging from the 480s BC to as late as the 410s.

1470:, Heracles frees Prometheus from his chains and kills the eagle that had been sent daily to eat Prometheus' perpetually regenerating liver, then believed the source of feeling. We learn that Zeus has released the other Titans which he imprisoned at the conclusion of the 372:, is one of very few classical Greek tragedies concerned with contemporary events, and the only one extant. The significance of the war with Persia was so great to Aeschylus and the Greeks that his epitaph commemorates his participation in the Greek victory at 1200:

to Danaus and kills him, thus fulfilling the oracle. He and Hypermnestra will establish a ruling dynasty in Argos. The other 49 Danaids are absolved of their murders, and married off to unspecified Argive men. The satyr play following this trilogy was titled

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were each the first play in a Danaid trilogy and Prometheus trilogy, respectively. Scholars have also suggested several completely lost trilogies, based on known play titles. A number of these treated myths about the Trojan War. One, collectively called the

2128:. Before writing his acclaimed trilogy, O'Neill had been developing a play about Aeschylus, and he noted that Aeschylus "so changed the system of the tragic stage that he has more claim than anyone else to be regarded as the founder (Father) of Tragedy." 1308:

as his concubine. Cassandra foretells the murder of Agamemnon and of herself to the assembled townsfolk, who are horrified. She then enters the palace knowing that she cannot avoid her fate. The ending of the play includes a prediction of the return of

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The Furies track him down, and Athena steps in and declares that a trial is necessary. Apollo argues Orestes' case, and after the judges (including Athena) deliver a tie vote, Athena announces that Orestes is acquitted. She renames the Furies

1072:) was performed in 467 BC. It has the contrasting theme of the interference of the gods in human affairs. Another theme, with which Aeschylus' would continually involve himself, makes its first known appearance in this play, namely that the 466:. The Athenians emerged triumphant, and the victory was celebrated across the city-states of Greece. Cynegeirus was killed while trying to prevent a Persian ship retreating from the shore, for which his countrymen extolled him as a hero. 2143:

Kennedy was notified of King's murder before a campaign stop in Indianapolis, Indiana, and was warned not to attend the event due to fears of rioting from the mostly African-American crowd. Kennedy insisted on attending and delivered an

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Of Aeschylus' other plays, only titles and assorted fragments are known. There are enough fragments (along with comments made by later authors and scholiasts) to produce rough synopses for some plays.

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is the only extant example of this type of connected trilogy, but there is evidence that Aeschylus often wrote such trilogies. The satyr plays that followed his tragic trilogies also drew from myth.

2026:, or scene-decoration, though Aristotle gives this distinction to Sophocles. Aeschylus is also said to have made the costumes more elaborate and dramatic, and made his actors wear platform boots ( 1044:. Atossa then travels to the tomb of Darius, her husband, where his ghost appears, to explain the cause of the defeat. It is, he says, the result of Xerxes' hubris in building a bridge across the 547:, one of his chief rivals, Aeschylus was the yearly favorite in the Dionysia, winning first prize in nearly every competition. In 472 BC, Aeschylus staged the production that included the 2112:

to the present, specifically in French and Elizabethan drama. He also claims that their influence went beyond just drama and applies to literature in general, citing Milton and the Romantics.

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Aeschylus entered many of these competitions, and various ancient sources attribute between seventy and ninety plays to him. Only seven tragedies attributed to him have survived intact:

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The remnant of a commemorative inscription, dated to the 3rd century BC, lists four, possibly eight, dramatic poets (probably including Choerilus, Phrynichus, and Pratinas) who had won

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that delivered news of King's death. Acknowledging the audience's emotions, Kennedy referred to his own grief at the murder of Martin Luther King and, quoting a passage from the play

727:, and all culminated in a pair of dramatic competitions. The first competition Aeschylus would have participated in involved three playwrights each presenting three tragedies and one 323:. Academic knowledge of the genre begins with his work, and understanding of earlier Greek tragedy is largely based on inferences made from reading his surviving plays. According to 1563:. A scale is brought on stage and Hector's body is placed in one scale and gold in the other. The dynamic dancing of the chorus of Trojans when they enter with Priam is reported by 2037:

Aeschylus wrote his plays in verse. No violence is performed onstage. The plays have a remoteness from daily life in Athens, relating stories about the gods, or being set, like

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he "taught the Athenians to desire always to defeat their enemies." Aeschylus goes on to say, at lines 1039ff., that his plays inspired the Athenians to be brave and virtuous.

1048:, an action which angered the gods. Xerxes appears at the end of the play, not realizing the cause of his defeat, and the play closes to lamentations by Xerxes and the chorus. 1152:) in 463 BC. The play gives tribute to the democratic undercurrents which were running through Athens and preceding the establishment of a democratic government in 461. The 7283: 1304:

was killed so that the gods would restore the winds and allow the Greek fleet to sail to Troy. Clytemnestra was also unhappy that Agamemnon kept the Trojan prophetess

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wrote that he was killed outside the city by a tortoise dropped by an eagle which had mistaken his head for a rock suitable for shattering the shell, and killed him.

1533:. It follows the Daughters of Nereus, the sea god, who lament Patroclus' death. A messenger tells how Achilles (perhaps reconciled to Agamemnon and the Greeks) slew 7298: 4361: 2022:. Aeschylus added a second actor, allowing for greater dramatic variety, while the chorus played a less important role. He is sometimes credited with introducing 1511:. Achilles sits in silent indignation over his humiliation at Agamemnon's hands for most of the play. Envoys from the Greek army attempt to reconcile Achilles to 7293: 1519:, who then battles the Trojans in Achilles' armour. The bravery and death of Patroclus are reported in a messenger's speech, which is followed by mourning. 3798: 5961: 2365: 2205:

in 1779, using blank verse for the iambic trimeters and rhymed verse for the choruses, a convention adopted by most translators for the next century.

2030:) to make them more visible to the audience. According to a later account of Aeschylus' life, the chorus of Furies in the first performance of the 1176:

cliffhanger ending. This was confirmed by the 1952 publication of Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 2256 fr. 3. The constituent plays are generally agreed to be

2094:. But a critic of that book, while not denying that Wagner read and respected Aeschylus, has described the arguments as unreasonable and forced. 2990:

Aeschylus. "Prometheus Bound, The Suppliants, Seven Against Thebes, The Persians." Philip Vellacott's Introduction, pp. 7–19. Penguin Classics.

1338:. Clytemnestra's account of a nightmare in which she gives birth to a snake is recounted by the chorus. This leads her to order her daughter, 1128: 806:

appears to have been his tendency to write connected trilogies in which each play serves as a chapter in a continuous dramatic narrative. The

7313: 3879: 3844: 3816: 3767: 3746: 3641: 3579: 3556: 3529: 3500: 3111: 2830: 2743: 7263: 5349: 3977: 3455: 731:. A second competition involving five comedic playwrights followed, and the winners of both competitions were chosen by a panel of judges. 3401:. Papers of Robert F. Kennedy. Senate Papers. Speeches and Press Releases, Box 4, "4/1/68 - 4/10/68." John F. Kennedy Presidential Library 7308: 4354: 4156: 2850: 2293: 782:(whose authorship is disputed). With the exception of this last play – the success of which is uncertain – all of Aeschylus's 416:, the ancient nobility of Attica, but this might be a fiction invented by the ancients to account for the grandeur of Aeschylus' plays. 1017:) is the earliest of Aeschylus' extant plays. It was performed in 472 BC. It was based on Aeschylus' own experiences, specifically the 5971: 5661: 5354: 5288: 3377: 2481: 2161: 1399: 327:, he expanded the number of characters in the theatre and allowed conflict among them. Formerly, characters interacted only with the 5359: 5334: 3931: 3862: 3313: 4108: 647:

The inscription on Aeschylus' gravestone makes no mention of his theatrical renown, commemorating only his military achievements:

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Filonik, J. (2013). Athenian impiety trials: a reappraisal. Dike-Rivista di Storia del Diritto Greco ed Ellenistico, 16, page 23.

2058:, produced some 50 years after Aeschylus' death. Aeschylus appears as a character in the play and claims, at line 1022, that his 4098: 7268: 5811: 5671: 5666: 4943: 4048: 3270: 2536:

Grene, David, and Richmond Lattimore, eds. The Complete Greek Tragedies: Vol. 1, Aeschylus. University of Chicago Press, 1959.

2086:(London: Faber. 1982) that the influence was so great as to merit a direct character by character comparison between Wagner's 408:. Some scholars argue that the date of Aeschylus's birth may be based on counting back 40 years from his first victory in the 7195: 5836: 4347: 4302: 1466: 831:, and play fragments recorded by later authors, that three other extant plays of his were components of connected trilogies: 6747: 607: 352:. These fragments often give further insights into Aeschylus' work. He was likely the first dramatist to present plays as a 4083: 447:

over family tradition. In the last decade of the 6th century, Aeschylus and his family were living in the deme of Eleusis.

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were so frightening when they entered that children fainted and patriarchs urinated and pregnant women went into labour.

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Furness, Raymond (January 1984). "Reviewed work: Wagner and Aeschylus. The 'Ring' and the 'Oresteia', Michael Ewans".

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trilogy concentrated on humans' position in the cosmos relative to the gods and divine law and divine punishment.

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and Euaeon, both of whom became tragic poets. Euphorion won first prize in 431 BC in competition against both

2325:, may be exaggerations and should be viewed with caution (Martin Cropp (2006), "Lost Tragedies: A Survey" in 7278: 7273: 7217: 6341: 6141: 6126: 5929: 5912: 5892: 5861: 5761: 5697: 5313: 5298: 5268: 5229: 5106: 4958: 4460: 4149: 3738: 2822: 2282: 2257: 2014:

The theatre was just beginning to evolve when Aeschylus started writing for it. Earlier playwrights such as

1003: 723:, held in spring. The festival opened with a procession which was followed by a competition of boys singing 636: 489:

was a witness for Aeschylus' war record and his contribution in Salamis. Salamis holds a prominent place in

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came to power. Cleisthenes' reforms included a system of registration that emphasized the importance of the

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Only seven of Aeschylus's estimated 70 to 90 plays have survived in complete form. There is a long-standing

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Die Orestie des Aischylos auf der modernen Bühne: Theoretische Konzeptionen und ihre szenische Realizierung

1373:(The Good-spirited, or Kindly Ones), and extols the importance of reason in the development of laws. As in 7175: 6178: 5949: 5907: 5841: 5806: 5258: 5242: 4938: 4879: 4728: 4723: 3895: 2819:

A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization

2262: 2191: 2140: 641: 570: 420: 345: 142: 348:. Fragments from other plays have survived in quotations, and more continue to be discovered on Egyptian 7318: 7288: 7227: 6456: 6446: 6436: 6421: 6111: 5851: 5821: 5776: 5771: 5402: 5369: 5171: 5076: 5062: 4718: 4589: 4553: 3699: 516: 585:(his sister's son), was also a tragic poet, and won first prize in the competition against Sophocles' 6699: 6693: 6679: 6163: 6121: 6093: 5978: 5791: 5021: 4817: 4260: 4202: 4025: 4001: 1060: 742: 497: 412:. His family was wealthy and well established. His father, Euphorion, was said to be a member of the 3963:

Zeitlin, Froma (1996). "The politics of Eros in the Danaid trilogy of Aeschylus", in Froma Zeitlin,

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Turner, Chad (2001). "Perverted Supplication and Other Inversions in Aeschylus' Danaid Trilogy".

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Other sources claim that an angry mob tried to kill Aeschylus on the spot but he fled the scene.

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Dionysalexandros: Essays on Aeschylus and His Fellow Tragedians in Honour of Alexander F. Garvie

493:, his oldest surviving play, which was performed in 472 BC and won first prize at the Dionysia. 1021:. It is unique among surviving Greek tragedies in that it describes a recent historical event. 469:

In 480 BC, Aeschylus was called into military service again, together with his younger brother

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As a youth, Aeschylus worked at a vineyard until, according to the 2nd-century AD geographer

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Prometheus Bound and Other Plays: Prometheus Bound, Seven Against Thebes, and The Persians

2124:(1931), a trilogy of three plays set in America after the Civil War, is modeled after the 1603:

quotes the line "God plants a fault in mortals when he wills to destroy a house utterly."

1133: 827:. It is assumed, based on the evidence provided by a catalogue of Aeschylean play titles, 631: 616: 202: 3788: 2062:"made everyone watching it to love being warlike". He claims, at lines 1026–7, that with 1227:

of 458 BC is the only complete trilogy of Greek plays by any playwright still extant (of

719:, the god of wine. During Aeschylus' lifetime, dramatic competitions became part of the 6949: 6889: 6884: 6840: 6621: 6569: 6559: 6539: 6529: 6273: 6268: 6263: 5748: 5728: 5116: 4926: 4915: 4909: 4897: 4697: 4672: 4584: 4445: 4370: 4125:"Aeschylus, II: The Oresteia" from the Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press 3511: 3482: 3265: 3062:

432 "Many things pierce the liver"; 791–2 "No sting of true sorrow reaches the liver";

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played a large role in Aeschylus' life and career. In 490 BC, he and his brother

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during one of these trips (in honor of the city founded by Hieron), and restaged his

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Zetlin, Froma (1996). "The dynamics of misogyny: myth and mythmaking in Aeschylus's

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had already expanded the cast to include an actor who was able to interact with the

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is the only extant ancient example. At least one of his plays was influenced by the

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For a discussion of the trilogy's reconstruction, see (e.g.) Conacher 1980, 100–02.

2049: 2019: 2007: 1564: 1441: 1297: 1273: 1251: 1241: 1235: 990: 754: 736: 486: 451: 436: 368: 328: 4120:"Aeschylus, I: Persians" from the Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press 2225:(Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009) (Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, 3). 3193:""Deinon Eribremetas": The Sound and Sense of Aeschylus in Aristophanes' "Frogs"" 7022: 6914: 6894: 6727: 6722: 6230: 6208: 6198: 6193: 6116: 6073: 5620: 5530: 5520: 5407: 5397: 5161: 4538: 4513: 4020: 3996: 3568: 2109: 1471: 1153: 1137: 715:

The seeds of Greek drama were sown in religious festivals for the gods, chiefly

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In 458 BC, Aeschylus returned to Sicily for the last time, visiting the city of

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Cropp, Martin (2006). "Lost Tragedies: A Survey". In Gregory, Justine (ed.).

3208: 3121: 1483:, it seems that the Titan finally warns Zeus not to sleep with the sea nymph 893:

suggest a trilogy about the madness and subsequent suicide of the Greek hero

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Under the sign of the shield: semiotics and Aeschylus' Seven against Thebes

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Aeschylus, Volume II, Oresteia: Agamemnon. Libation-bearers. Eumenides. 146

2041:, far away. Aeschylus' work has a strong moral and religious emphasis. The 3329:"Virginia – Arlington National Cemetery: Robert F. Kennedy Gravesite" 3101: 2108:

have played a major part in the formation of dramatic literature from the

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Aeschylus' popularity is evident in the praise that the comic playwright

1593:. Niobe sits in silent mourning on stage during most of the play. In the 1555:, Achilles sits in silent mourning over Patroclus. Hermes then brings in 1445: 1223: 1216: 1165: 1080: 902: 898: 816: 808: 766: 716: 557: 552: 424: 358: 17: 3216: 3192: 2400: 2211:

produced a verse translation in English of all seven surviving plays as

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These are the remaining 71 plays ascribed to Aeschylus which are known:

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because Niobe had gloated that she had more children than their mother,

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This article is about the ancient Greek playwright. For other uses, see

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They say that he was noble and that he participated in the battle of

1582: 1559:, who wins over Achilles and ransoms his son's body in a spectacular 1552: 1534: 1484: 1474:, perhaps foreshadowing his eventual reconciliation with Prometheus. 1362: 1358: 1327: 1296:, from the perspective of the townspeople (the Chorus) and his wife, 1157: 1037: 1026: 869:

Another trilogy apparently recounted the entrance of the Trojan ally

524: 405: 401: 293: 120: 3243: 2482:"Pausanias, Description of Greece, *)attika/, chapter 14, section 5" 901:' return to Ithaca after the war (including his killing of his wife 535:, a major Greek city on the eastern side of the island. He produced 3965:

Playing the Other: Gender and Society in Classical Greek Literature

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Playing the Other: Gender and Society in Classical Greek Literature

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Make Gentle the Life of This World: The Vision of Robert F. Kennedy

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all express sympathy for Prometheus' plight. Prometheus is met by

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tragedies are known to have won first prize at the City Dionysia.

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Beneath this stone lies Aeschylus, son of Euphorion, the Athenian,

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The Drama: Its History, Literature, and Influence on Civilization

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Jones, Daniel; Roach, Peter, James Hartman and Jane Setter, eds.

2232:(Cambridge, Massachusetts/London: Loeb Classical Library, 2009); 7112: 7087: 7037: 6524: 6514: 3787: 2236:(Cambridge, Massachusetts/London: Loeb Classical Library, 2008). 1590: 1429: 1425:

is bound to a rock throughout, which is his punishment from the

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The Cambridge History of Classical Literature: Greek Literature

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opens with Orestes' arrival at Agamemnon's tomb, from exile in

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translation of Aeschylus on the night of the assassination of

214: 3268:(1927). "Aeschylus and Sophocles: their Work and Influence". 2201:

The first translation of the seven plays into English was by

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there. They plan revenge against Clytemnestra and her lover,

652: 512:(impiety) for revealing some of the cult's secrets on stage. 496:

Aeschylus was one of many Greeks who were initiated into the

400:, a small town about 27 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of 286: 2644:. Living Poets. Translated by S. Burges Watson. Durham. 2014 1233:, the satyr play which followed, only fragments are known). 905:'s suitors and its consequences) in a trilogy consisting of 644:

and Euæon and his nephew Philocles also became playwrights.

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Aeschylus-related materials at the Perseus Digital Library

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The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World

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Aeschylus begins in Greece, describing the return of King

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Anthologiae Graecae Appendix, vol. 3, Epigramma sepulcrale

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once or twice in the 470s BC, having been invited by

3967:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 123–171. 3729:

Ancient Greece: A Political, Social, and Cultural History

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in Athens, where many of Aeschylus's plays were performed

264: 223: 3960:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 87–119. 3025:

See (e.g.) Sommerstein 1996, 141–51; Turner 2001, 36–39.

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Aeschyli Septem Quae Supersunt Tragoediae. Editio Altera

1313:, son of Agamemnon, who will seek to avenge his father. 376:

while making no mention of his success as a playwright.

4088: 3033: 3031: 2082:'s reverence of Aeschylus. Michael Ewans argues in his 2074:

Aeschylus' works were influential beyond his own time.

2005:, main character in Aeschylus's only surviving trilogy 611:

The death of Aeschylus illustrated in the 15th century

4045:

Works by Aeschylus (translated by George Gilbert Aimé)

3395:"Statement on Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr" 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 873:

into the war, and his death at the hands of Achilles (

3830:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 3696:

Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times

3427:. Vol. 1. London: Historical Publishing Company. 3399:

The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum

1529:

This play was based on books 18 and 19 and 22 of the

669:

of his noble prowess the grove of Marathon can speak,

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fought to defend Athens against the invading army of

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seems to have been the first play in a trilogy, the

1346:, who avenge the murders of kin in Greek mythology. 267: 226: 6993: 6870: 6859: 6786: 6708: 6665: 6612: 6470: 6322: 6313: 6239: 6154: 6092: 6047: 5997: 5948: 5870: 5747: 5685: 5654: 5496: 5383: 5327: 5249: 5075: 5048: 5020: 4977: 4925: 4767: 4706: 4603: 4469: 4418: 4287: 4245: 4173: 2223:

Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. Vol. III: Aeschylus

1144:Aeschylus continued his emphasis on the polis with 1029:and blames Persia's loss on the pride of its king. 252: 211: 162: 154: 135: 127: 103: 83: 41: 3890:Vision, Reflection, and Desire in Western Painting 3726: 3567: 2131:During his presidential campaign in 1968, Senator 1172:A Danaid trilogy had long been assumed because of 3343:"Robert Kennedy: Delivering News of King's Death" 2736:The complete idiot's guide to classical mythology 2102:Aeschylus and Sophocles: Their Work and Influence 1418:The play consists mostly of static dialogue. The 1377:, the ideals of a democratic Athens are praised. 1255:together tell the violent story of the family of 2196:Aeschyli Tragoediae cum incerti poetae Prometheo 504:based in his home town of Eleusis. According to 3589:Herington, C.J. (1967). "Aeschylus in Sicily". 3066:135 "Sting your liver with merited reproaches". 2837:The unusual nature of Aeschylus' death ... 2084:Wagner and Aeschylus. The Ring and the Oresteia 667:who perished in the wheat-bearing land of Gela; 649: 3937:Winnington-Ingram, R. P. (1985). "Aeschylus". 3718:The Political Background of Aeschylean Tragedy 2771:Ursula Hoff (1938). "Meditation in Solitude". 835:was the final play in an Oedipus trilogy, and 336:debate regarding the authorship of one of them 4355: 4150: 3442:(Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales, 2006) 3323: 3321: 3074: 3072: 1505:This play was based on books 9 and 16 of the 1076:was a key development of human civilization. 953:), and the aftermath of the war portrayed in 8: 3777:Saïd, Suzanne (2006). "Aeschylean Tragedy". 3762:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2953: 2951: 1032:It opens with the arrival of a messenger in 658:ἀλκὴν δ' εὐδόκιμον Μαραθώνιον ἄλσος ἂν εἴποι 431:In 510 BC, when Aeschylus was 15 years old, 3308:. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1981, p. 213. 2923: 2912: 2686: 2524: 671:and the long-haired Persian knows it well. 7149: 6867: 6319: 6310: 6291: 6051: 5954: 5744: 5720: 5237: 5224: 4931: 4600: 4571: 4415: 4391: 4362: 4348: 4340: 4157: 4143: 4135: 3720:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 3372:. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company. 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2428:Martin Cropp, 'Lost Tragedies: A Survey'; 58: 38: 3687:The Oxford History of the Classical World 2563: 2561: 2186:Aeschyli Septem Quae Supersunt Tragoediae 396:Aeschylus was born around 525 BC in 7284:Ancient Greek dramatists and playwrights 4094:Online English Translations of Aeschylus 3574:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 3046: 2567: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2349:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 1996: 897:. Aeschylus seems to have written about 691: 654:Αἰσχύλον Εὐφορίωνος Ἀθηναῖον τόδε κεύθει 383: 74:30 BC, based on an earlier bronze Greek 3475:Une vie avec Eschyle. Vérité des mythes 3175: 3163: 3159: 3157: 3013: 3009: 3007: 3005: 2975: 2942: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2900: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2883: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2402:Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature 2383: 2340: 2305: 1000:The Ghost of Darius Appearing to Atossa 941:), the birth and exploits of Dionysus ( 626:, where he died in 456 or 455 BC. 591:. Aeschylus had at least two brothers, 27:5th century BC Athenian Greek tragedian 7299:Greek people of the Greco-Persian Wars 3191:Scharffenberger, Elizabeth W. (2007). 3127: 3103:Performance in Greek and Roman theatre 2849:Pliny the Elder. "Book X, Chapter 3". 2812: 2810: 2698: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2366:Webster's New World College Dictionary 1432:for providing fire to humans. The god 1357:Apollo sends Orestes to the temple of 1196:would open the day after the wedding. 1025:focuses on the popular Greek theme of 881:being two components of the trilogy). 2758: 2552: 543:. By 473 BC, after the death of 7: 6763:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus 4089:Complete syntax diagrams at Alpheios 3892:. University of North Carolina Press 3663:. University of North Carolina Press 1993:Influence on Greek drama and culture 656:μνῆμα καταφθίμενον πυροφόροιο Γέλας· 569:Aeschylus married and had two sons, 404:, in the fertile valleys of western 7294:Ancient Greeks accused of sacrilege 3874:. Boston: Twayne Publishers Press. 3839:(2nd ed.). London: Duckworth. 3809:Masterpieces of Classic Greek Drama 3685:Levi, Peter (1986). "Greek Drama". 3393:Kennedy, Robert F. (4 April 1968). 2666:with the youngest of his brothers, 2351:. 17th edition. Cambridge UP, 2006. 2294:Live by the sword, die by the sword 364:Persians' second invasion of Greece 2198:, 2nd ed., Stuttgart/Leipzig 1998. 2162:Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff 1581:, the heroine, have been slain by 1400:Prometheus Being Chained by Vulcan 660:καὶ βαθυχαιτήεις Μῆδος ἐπιστάμενος 25: 3709:Aeschylus: The Creator of Tragedy 3477:(Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2010) 2166:Aeschyli Tragoediae. Editio maior 2100:argues in the second half of his 1221:Besides a few missing lines, the 1087:, the sons of the shamed king of 1040:, the mother of the Persian King 388:Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore of 319:often described as the father of 7232: 7222: 7213: 7212: 4324: 4323: 4071: 3368:Kennedy, Maxwell Taylor (1998). 2773:Journal of the Warburg Institute 2670:, and in the infantry battle at 2314:tragic victories at the Dionysia 1651:Attendants of the Bridal Chamber 248: 207: 7233: 3591:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 3450:. London: Granta Publications. 3271:The Journal of Hellenic Studies 2734:Osborn, K.; Burges, D. (1998). 2070:Influence outside Greek culture 481:. Aeschylus also fought at the 3926:. New York: Penguin Classics. 3756:Rosenmeyer, Thomas G. (1982). 3655:. University of Chicago Press. 1935:Athletes of the Isthmian Games 1551:After a brief discussion with 1: 4834: 4821: 4802: 4785: 3941:. Cambridge University Press. 3835:Sommerstein, Alan H. (2010). 3716:Podlecki, Anthony J. (1966). 3678:A History of Greek Literature 3448:The Book of Dead Philosophers 2662:, and in the naval battle at 1477:In the trilogy's conclusion, 306: 299: 107: 87: 78:, dating to around 340-320 BC 71: 7314:Deaths due to animal attacks 5962:Funeral and burial practices 5147:Military of Mycenaean Greece 4026:Resources in other libraries 4002:Resources in other libraries 3826:Smyth, Herbert Weir (1922). 3779:A Companion to Greek Tragedy 3661:The Lives of the Greek Poets 3651:Lattimore, Richmond (1953). 3626:Kopff, E. Christian (1997). 3467:A Companion to Greek Tragedy 2430:A Companion to Greek Tragedy 2397:Schlegel, August Wilhelm von 2327:A Companion to Greek Tragedy 1204:, after one of the Danaids. 1079:The play tells the story of 613:Florentine Picture Chronicle 294: 7264:5th-century BC Greek people 4310:Prometheus the Fire-Bringer 4079:Selected Poems of Aeschylus 4070:(public domain audiobooks) 4055:Works by or about Aeschylus 3922:Vellacott, Philip, (1961). 3857:. London: Routledge Press. 3541:Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound 2658:together with his brother, 2641:Anonymous Life of Aeschylus 2249:, an asteroid named for him 2228:Alan H. Sommerstein (ed.), 1897:Prometheus the Fire-Kindler 1480:Prometheus the Fire-Bringer 802:One hallmark of Aeschylean 508:, Aeschylus was accused of 49: 7335: 7309:Accidental deaths in Italy 5886:Greek Revival architecture 3855:Greek Drama and Dramatists 3725:Pomeroy, Sarah B. (1999). 3711:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 3689:. Oxford University Press. 3549:Cambridge University Press 3522:Cambridge University Press 3435:(Stuttgart: Metzler, 1997) 3232:The Modern Language Review 2858:the canopy of the heavens. 2234:Volume III, Fragments. 505 1892:Prometheus the Fire-Bearer 1387: 1214: 1124:The Suppliants (Aeschylus) 1121: 1058: 988: 653: 477:'s invading forces at the 287: 32:Aeschylus (disambiguation) 29: 7208: 7159: 7148: 6309: 6290: 6054: 5957: 5743: 5719: 5294:Attalid kings of Pergamon 5240: 5236: 5223: 5102:Antigonid Macedonian army 4934: 4599: 4570: 4414: 4390: 4377: 4319: 4021:Resources in your library 3997:Resources in your library 3786:Sidgwick, Arthur (1911). 3481:Freeman, Charles (1999). 3446:Critchley, Simon (2009). 2288:Theatre of ancient Greece 1926:Sisyphus the Stone-Roller 581:. A nephew of Aeschylus, 366:(480–479 BC). This work, 57: 48: 3707:Murray, Gilbert (1978). 3659:Lefkowitz, Mary (1981). 3566:Herington, C.J. (1986). 3510:Goldhill, Simon (1992). 2253:Ancient Greek literature 2121:Mourning Becomes Electra 1515:, but he yields only to 1292:from his victory in the 1140:murdering their husbands 929:), the life of Perseus ( 4099:Photo of a fragment of 3945:Zeitlin, Froma (1982). 3888:Summers, David (2007). 3807:Smith, Helaine (2005). 3799:Encyclopædia Britannica 3781:. Blackwell Publishing. 3739:Oxford University Press 3694:Martin, Thomas (2000). 3539:Griffith, Mark (1983). 3513:Aeschylus, The Oresteia 3469:. Blackwell Publishing. 3438:Cairns, D., V. Liapis, 3091:. See Summers 2007, 23. 2823:Oxford University Press 2283:Music of ancient Greece 2258:Ancient Greek mythology 2213:The Dramas of Aeschylus 1278:The Murder of Agamemnon 864:The Ransoming of Hector 752:, the trilogy known as 523:Aeschylus travelled to 113:(aged approximately 67) 70:of Aeschylus dating to 7269:5th-century BC writers 5328:Artists & scholars 5243:List of ancient Greeks 4880:Second Athenian League 4729:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 4554:Ancient Greek colonies 3423:Bates, Alfred (1906). 3306:Eugene O'Neill at Work 3134:: CS1 maint: others ( 2817:J. C. McKeown (2013), 2677:(emphasis in original) 2316:before Aeschylus had. 2263:Ancient Greek religion 2141:Martin Luther King Jr. 2011: 1837:The Nurses of Dionysus 1540: 1464:. In the second play, 1408: 1285: 1282:Pierre-Narcisse Guérin 1141: 1007: 712: 701: 696:Modern picture of the 685: 619: 393: 131:Playwright and soldier 6447:Sybaris on the Traeis 5172:Sacred Band of Thebes 4912:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD) 4426:Cycladic civilization 4279:(authorship disputed) 3956:", in Froma Zeitlin, 3700:Yale University Press 3676:Lesky, Albin (1966). 3667:Lesky, Albin (1979). 3653:Aeschylus I: Oresteia 3629:Ancient Greek Authors 3347:National Public Radio 3304:Floyd, Virginia, ed. 3037:Sommerstein 2002, 89. 2999:Sommerstein 2002, 23. 2486:www.perseus.tufts.edu 2417:Aeschylus I: Oresteia 2323:The Life of Aeschylus 2000: 1397: 1276: 1131: 998: 883:The Award of the Arms 879:The Weighing of Souls 819:, which followed the 758:(the three tragedies 707: 695: 610: 517:Heracleides of Pontus 500:, an ancient cult of 435:expelled the sons of 392:, Aeschylus' hometown 387: 5972:mythological figures 5693:Ancient Greek tribes 4818:Peloponnesian League 4261:Seven Against Thebes 4113:Perseus Encyclopedia 3868:Spatz, Lois (1982). 3759:The Art of Aeschylus 3680:. New York: Crowell. 2628:Kopff 1997 pp. 1–472 2060:Seven against Thebes 1921:Sisyphus the Runaway 1730:Daughters of Phorcys 1700:Children of Hercules 1324:The Libation Bearers 1318:The Libation Bearers 1242:The Libation Bearers 1066:Seven against Thebes 1061:Seven Against Thebes 1053:Seven Against Thebes 955:Seven Against Thebes 891:The Salaminian Women 833:Seven Against Thebes 767:The Libation Bearers 743:Seven Against Thebes 498:Eleusinian Mysteries 6084:Tunnel of Eupalinos 6079:Theatre of Dionysus 5703:Ancient Macedonians 5319:Tyrants of Syracuse 4831:Amphictyonic League 4431:Minoan civilization 3197:The Classical World 2852:The Natural History 2221:Stefan Radt (ed.), 2104:that Aeschylus and 2078:draws attention to 1725:Daughters of Helios 698:Theatre of Dionysus 181:Philopatho (sister) 7304:Battle of Marathon 6758:Menestheus's Limin 6412:Pandosia (Lucania) 6300:Greek colonisation 5662:Athenian statesmen 5423:Diogenes of Sinope 5284:Kings of Macedonia 5274:Kings of Commagene 5142:Macedonian phalanx 5122:Hellenistic armies 4870:(c. 424–c. 395 BC) 4734:Indo-Greek Kingdom 4456:Hellenistic Greece 4303:Prometheus Unbound 4064:Works by Aeschylus 4036:Works by Aeschylus 3837:Aeschylean Tragedy 2712:Nicomachean Ethics 2469:Aeschylean Tragedy 2456:Aeschylean Tragedy 2268:Battle of Marathon 2012: 1955:The Thracian Women 1945:The Spirit-Raisers 1902:Prometheus Unbound 1877:The Phrygian Women 1807:The Men of Eleusis 1762:Glaucus of Potniae 1671:The Bone-Gatherers 1627:The Argivian Women 1557:King Priam of Troy 1467:Prometheus Unbound 1409: 1286: 1142: 1008: 915:The Bone-gatherers 887:The Phrygian Women 713: 702: 637:Naturalis Historiæ 620: 537:The Women of Aetna 464:Battle of Marathon 460:Darius I of Persia 394: 158:Euphorion (father) 7246: 7245: 7204: 7203: 7144: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7136: 7135: 6710:Iberian Peninsula 6642:Lipara/Meligounis 6608: 6607: 6286: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6259:Cypriot syllabary 6150: 6149: 6059:Athenian Treasury 6043: 6042: 5715: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5304:Ptolemaic dynasty 5264:Archons of Athens 5219: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5090:Athenian military 5071: 5070: 4904:League of Corinth 4886:Thessalian League 4862:Chalcidian League 4844:Acarnanian League 4754:Ptolemaic Kingdom 4566: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4337: 4336: 4288:Fragmentary plays 4280: 4231: 4226:and fragmentary 4040:Project Gutenberg 3978:Library resources 3904:Classical Journal 3881:978-0-8057-6522-9 3846:978-0-7156-3824-8 3818:978-0-313-33268-5 3789:"Aeschylus" 3769:978-0-520-04440-1 3748:978-0-19-509743-6 3643:978-0-8103-9939-6 3581:978-0-300-03562-9 3558:978-0-521-27011-3 3531:978-0-521-40293-4 3502:978-0-670-88515-2 3178:, pp. 224–25 3149:Life of Aeschylus 3113:978-90-04-24545-7 2978:, pp. 244–46 2832:978-0-19-998210-3 2745:978-0-02-862385-6 2581:Eschylean tragedy 2399:(December 2004). 2133:Robert F. Kennedy 1960:Weighing of Souls 1916:The Water-Bearers 1787:The Lemnian Women 1757:Glaucus of Pontus 1656:Award of the Arms 1405:Dirck van Baburen 1156:(50 daughters of 1103:. The concluding 1019:Battle of Salamis 971:Sons of the Seven 791:Life of Aeschylus 709:Tragoediae septem 483:Battle of Plataea 479:Battle of Salamis 439:from Athens, and 194: 193: 16:(Redirected from 7326: 7236: 7235: 7226: 7216: 7215: 7150: 6868: 6367:Heraclea Lucania 6320: 6311: 6292: 6052: 5984:Twelve Olympians 5955: 5745: 5721: 5309:Seleucid dynasty 5289:Kings of Paionia 5238: 5225: 5095:Scythian archers 5002:Graphe paranomon 4932: 4839: 4836: 4826: 4823: 4807: 4804: 4794: 4790: 4787: 4601: 4572: 4451:Classical Greece 4436:Mycenaean Greece 4416: 4392: 4364: 4357: 4350: 4341: 4327: 4326: 4278: 4275:Prometheus Bound 4220:Libation Bearers 4213: 4189:Danaid Tetralogy 4159: 4152: 4145: 4136: 4116: 4107:Crane, Gregory. 4075: 4074: 4059:Internet Archive 3942: 3919: 3885: 3850: 3831: 3822: 3803: 3791: 3782: 3773: 3752: 3732: 3721: 3712: 3703: 3690: 3681: 3672: 3656: 3647: 3622: 3585: 3573: 3562: 3535: 3506: 3470: 3461: 3457:978-1-84708079-0 3428: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3325: 3316: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3188: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3133: 3125: 3098: 3092: 3085: 3079: 3076: 3067: 3056: 3050: 3049:, pp. 32–34 3044: 3038: 3035: 3026: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3000: 2997: 2991: 2988: 2979: 2973: 2958: 2955: 2946: 2940: 2927: 2924:Sommerstein 2010 2921: 2915: 2913:Sommerstein 2010 2910: 2904: 2898: 2887: 2881: 2870: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2814: 2805: 2804: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2687:Sommerstein 2010 2684: 2678: 2676: 2651: 2649: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2601: 2595: 2584: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2556: 2555:, pp. 53–59 2550: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2525:Sommerstein 2010 2522: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2478: 2472: 2465: 2459: 2452: 2446: 2439: 2433: 2426: 2420: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2370: 2358: 2352: 2345: 2330: 2310: 2273:Classical Greece 2146:impromptu speech 2090:and Aeschylus's 2076:Hugh Lloyd-Jones 1971:Women of Salamis 1832:The Net-Draggers 1710:The Cretan Women 1622:The Archer-Women 1577:The children of 1456:Prometheus Bound 1412:Prometheus Bound 1390:Prometheus Bound 1382:Prometheus Bound 1330:. Electra meets 1070:Hepta epi Thebas 931:The Net-draggers 907:The Soul-raisers 841:Prometheus Bound 789:The Alexandrian 779:Prometheus Bound 683: 682: 662: 661: 628:Valerius Maximus 341:Prometheus Bound 312:/455 BC) was an 311: 308: 304: 301: 297: 292: 291: 280: 279: 276: 275: 272: 269: 266: 263: 260: 257: 254: 247: 239: 238: 235: 234: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 216: 213: 206: 112: 109: 92: 89: 73: 62: 52: 39: 21: 7334: 7333: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7324: 7323: 7249: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7200: 7155: 7132: 6995: 6989: 6872: 6863: 6855: 6826:Melaina Korkyra 6782: 6704: 6661: 6614:Aeolian Islands 6604: 6466: 6324: 6305: 6304: 6278: 6235: 6146: 6088: 6039: 5993: 5944: 5866: 5857:Wedding customs 5739: 5738: 5707: 5698:Thracian Greeks 5681: 5672:Olympic victors 5650: 5492: 5379: 5323: 5314:Kings of Sparta 5299:Kings of Pontus 5269:Kings of Athens 5245: 5232: 5211: 5107:Army of Macedon 5067: 5044: 5016: 4973: 4921: 4894:(370–c. 230 BC) 4892:Arcadian League 4876:(c. 400–188 BC) 4874:Aetolian League 4868:Boeotian League 4850:Hellenic League 4837: 4824: 4814:(c. 650–404 BC) 4805: 4799:Italiote League 4792: 4788: 4782:Doric Hexapolis 4772: 4763: 4759:Seleucid Empire 4702: 4595: 4594: 4558: 4465: 4441:Greek Dark Ages 4410: 4409: 4386: 4373: 4368: 4338: 4333: 4315: 4283: 4241: 4169: 4163: 4109:"Aeschylus (4)" 4106: 4101:The Net-pullers 4072: 4032: 4031: 4030: 4007: 4006: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3936: 3901: 3896:Thomson, George 3882: 3867: 3847: 3834: 3825: 3819: 3806: 3785: 3776: 3770: 3755: 3749: 3724: 3715: 3706: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3671:. London: Benn. 3666: 3650: 3644: 3625: 3588: 3582: 3565: 3559: 3538: 3532: 3509: 3503: 3480: 3464: 3458: 3445: 3422: 3419: 3414: 3404: 3402: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3380: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3327: 3326: 3319: 3303: 3299: 3266:Sheppard, J. T. 3264: 3263: 3259: 3244:10.2307/3730399 3229: 3228: 3224: 3190: 3189: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3155: 3147: 3143: 3126: 3114: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3070: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3029: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2982: 2974: 2961: 2957:Vellacott: 7–19 2956: 2949: 2941: 2930: 2922: 2918: 2911: 2907: 2899: 2890: 2882: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2825:, p. 136, 2816: 2815: 2808: 2779:(44): 292–294. 2770: 2769: 2765: 2757: 2753: 2746: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2705: 2697: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2647: 2645: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2604: 2596: 2587: 2578: 2574: 2566: 2559: 2551: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2523: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2466: 2462: 2453: 2449: 2440: 2436: 2427: 2423: 2414: 2410: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2382: 2373: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2243: 2158: 2072: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1887:The Priestesses 1736:The Descendants 1575: 1561:coup de théâtre 1549: 1546:Hector's Ransom 1527: 1503: 1493: 1392: 1386: 1384:(date disputed) 1354: 1321: 1271: 1219: 1213: 1174:The Suppliants' 1134:Robinet Testard 1126: 1120: 1063: 1057: 993: 987: 979: 977:Surviving plays 815:The satyr play 800: 690: 684: 677: 676: 673: 670: 668: 666: 664: 663: 659: 657: 655: 617:Maso Finiguerra 605: 567: 382: 309: 302: 251: 242: 241: 210: 201: 200: 190: 150: 123: 114: 110: 99: 94: 90: 79: 53: 50: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7332: 7330: 7322: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7279:450s BC deaths 7276: 7274:520s BC births 7271: 7266: 7261: 7251: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7240: 7230: 7220: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7146: 7145: 7142: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6876: 6874: 6865: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6792: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6712: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6702: 6697: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6671: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6618: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6560:Megara Hyblaea 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6540:Hybla Gereatis 6537: 6532: 6530:Heraclea Minoa 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6476: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6328: 6326: 6317: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6274:Attic numerals 6271: 6269:Greek numerals 6266: 6264:Greek alphabet 6261: 6256: 6251: 6245: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6098: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6055: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5964: 5958: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5918:Musical system 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5877: 5875: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5753: 5751: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5717: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5658: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5502: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5389: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5350:Mathematicians 5347: 5342: 5337: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5259:Kings of Argos 5255: 5253: 5247: 5246: 5241: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5221: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5117:Cretan archers 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5087: 5081: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4916:Achaean League 4913: 4910:Euboean League 4907: 4901: 4898:Epirote League 4895: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4846:(c. 500–31 BC) 4841: 4828: 4815: 4809: 4796: 4778: 4776: 4774:Confederations 4765: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4698:Lissus (Crete) 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4597: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4576: 4575: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4475: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4446:Archaic Greece 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4422: 4420: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4371:Ancient Greece 4369: 4367: 4366: 4359: 4352: 4344: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4271: 4268:The Suppliants 4264: 4257: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4239: 4232: 4206: 4199: 4192: 4185: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4170: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4154: 4147: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4104: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4061: 4052: 4042: 4029: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4012: 4008: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3972:External links 3970: 3969: 3968: 3961: 3950: 3943: 3934: 3920: 3899: 3893: 3886: 3880: 3865: 3851: 3845: 3832: 3823: 3817: 3804: 3794:Chisholm, Hugh 3783: 3774: 3768: 3753: 3747: 3722: 3713: 3704: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3664: 3657: 3648: 3642: 3623: 3603:10.2307/627808 3586: 3580: 3563: 3557: 3536: 3530: 3507: 3501: 3478: 3471: 3462: 3456: 3443: 3436: 3429: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3412: 3385: 3379:0-15-100-356-4 3378: 3360: 3349:. 4 April 2008 3334: 3331:. 7 June 2009. 3317: 3297: 3284:10.2307/625177 3257: 3222: 3203:(3): 229–249. 3180: 3168: 3153: 3141: 3112: 3093: 3080: 3068: 3051: 3039: 3027: 3018: 3001: 2992: 2980: 2959: 2947: 2928: 2916: 2905: 2888: 2871: 2869:Critchley 2009 2862: 2841: 2831: 2806: 2785:10.2307/749994 2763: 2751: 2744: 2726: 2717: 2703: 2691: 2679: 2630: 2602: 2585: 2572: 2557: 2538: 2529: 2498: 2473: 2460: 2447: 2434: 2421: 2415:R. Lattimore, 2408: 2405:. p. 121. 2388: 2371: 2353: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2331: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2247:2876 Aeschylus 2242: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2226: 2219: 2206: 2199: 2192:Martin L. West 2189: 2188:, Oxford 1972. 2179: 2178:, Oxford 1955. 2172:Gilbert Murray 2169: 2168:, Berlin 1914. 2157: 2154: 2137:Edith Hamilton 2116:Eugene O'Neill 2080:Richard Wagner 2071: 2068: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1967:(two versions) 1965:Women of Aetna 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1933:, also titled 1931:The Spectators 1928: 1923: 1918: 1914:, also titled 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1812:The Messengers 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1688:, also titled 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1634:, also titled 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1608: 1574: 1569: 1548: 1539: 1526: 1521: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1489: 1436:and the Titan 1388:Main article: 1385: 1379: 1375:The Suppliants 1353: 1348: 1320: 1315: 1270: 1265: 1215:Main article: 1212: 1206: 1178:The Suppliants 1146:The Suppliants 1122:Main article: 1119: 1116:The Suppliants 1113: 1059:Main article: 1056: 1050: 989:Main article: 986: 980: 978: 975: 862:(alternately, 837:The Suppliants 799: 796: 749:The Suppliants 689: 686: 674: 650: 604: 601: 566: 563: 410:Great Dionysia 381: 378: 192: 191: 189: 188: 182: 179: 173: 166: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 149: 148: 145: 139: 137: 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 115: 105: 101: 100: 95: 85: 81: 80: 63: 55: 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7331: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7239: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7219: 7211: 7210: 7207: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7165: 7162: 7161: 7158: 7151: 7147: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6992: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6869: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6738:Hemeroscopion 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6707: 6701: 6698: 6695: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6664: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6469: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6315:Magna Graecia 6312: 6308: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6293: 6289: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6189:Arcadocypriot 6187: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6143: 6142:Zeus, Olympia 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6127:Hera, Olympia 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6046: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6030:Mount Olympus 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998:Sacred places 5996: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5869: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5822:Olympic Games 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5812:Homosexuality 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5226: 5222: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5182:Seleucid army 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4856:Delian League 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4832: 4829: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4812:Ionian League 4810: 4800: 4797: 4793: 560 BC 4783: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4705: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4534:Magna Graecia 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4372: 4365: 4360: 4358: 4353: 4351: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4330: 4322: 4321: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4286: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4160: 4155: 4153: 4148: 4146: 4141: 4140: 4137: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4069: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3971: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3933: 3932:0-14-044112-3 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3877: 3873: 3872: 3866: 3864: 3863:0-415-26027-2 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3814: 3811:. Greenwood. 3810: 3805: 3801: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3784: 3780: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3754: 3750: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3735:New York City 3731: 3730: 3723: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3692: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3669:Greek Tragedy 3665: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3564: 3560: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3508: 3504: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3489:New York City 3486: 3485: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3386: 3381: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3361: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3335: 3330: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3314:0-8044-2205-2 3311: 3307: 3301: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3267: 3261: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3238:(1): 239–40. 3237: 3233: 3226: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3169: 3166:, p. 223 3165: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3142: 3137: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3094: 3090: 3087:According to 3084: 3081: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3058:For example: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3047:Griffith 1983 3043: 3040: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3019: 3016:, p. 246 3015: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2993: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2952: 2948: 2945:, p. 244 2944: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2926:, p. 34. 2925: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2909: 2906: 2903:, p. 222 2902: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2886:, p. 242 2885: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2853: 2845: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2752: 2747: 2741: 2737: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2680: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2643: 2642: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2600:, p. 241 2599: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2570:, p. 272 2569: 2568:Sidgwick 1911 2564: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2487: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2404: 2403: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2386:, p. 243 2385: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2344: 2341: 2335: 2329:, pp. 272–74) 2328: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2209:Anna Swanwick 2207: 2204: 2203:Robert Potter 2200: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2098:J.T. Sheppard 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2052:gives him in 2051: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2010: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1817:The Myrmidons 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1747:The Egyptians 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1416: 1413: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1371:The Eumenides 1366: 1364: 1360: 1352: 1351:The Eumenides 1349: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1253: 1252:The Eumenides 1248: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1225: 1218: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1190:The Egyptians 1187: 1183: 1182:The Egyptians 1179: 1175: 1170: 1167: 1163: 1160:, founder of 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1139: 1135: 1132:Miniature by 1130: 1125: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1005: 1004:George Romney 1002:, drawing by 1001: 997: 992: 984: 981: 976: 974: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923:Lemnian Women 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 867: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 848: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 813: 811: 810: 805: 797: 795: 792: 787: 785: 781: 780: 775: 774: 773:The Eumenides 769: 768: 763: 762: 757: 756: 751: 750: 745: 744: 739: 738: 732: 730: 726: 722: 721:City Dionysia 718: 710: 706: 699: 694: 687: 681:. p. 17. 680: 672: 648: 645: 643: 639: 638: 633: 629: 625: 618: 614: 609: 602: 600: 598: 594: 590: 589: 584: 580: 576: 572: 565:Personal life 564: 562: 560: 559: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 518: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 494: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 475:Xerxes I 472: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 448: 446: 442: 438: 434: 429: 426: 422: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 391: 386: 379: 377: 375: 371: 370: 365: 361: 360: 355: 351: 347: 343: 342: 337: 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 315: 314:ancient Greek 296: 290: 284: 278: 245: 237: 204: 198: 186: 183: 180: 177: 174: 171: 168: 167: 165: 161: 157: 153: 146: 144: 141: 140: 138: 134: 130: 128:Occupation(s) 126: 122: 118: 111: 456 BC 106: 102: 98: 86: 82: 77: 69: 68: 64:Roman marble 61: 56: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 7319:Bird attacks 7289:Tragic poets 7033:Dionysopolis 7003:Abonoteichos 6955:Pantikapaion 6545:Hybla Heraea 5881:Architecture 5837:Prostitution 5526:Aristophanes 5505: 5385:Philosophers 5355:Philosophers 5187:Spartan army 4918:(280–146 BC) 4906:(338–322 BC) 4900:(370–168 BC) 4888:(374–196 BC) 4882:(378–355 BC) 4864:(430–348 BC) 4858:(478–404 BC) 4852:(499–449 BC) 4539:Peloponnesus 4461:Roman Greece 4308: 4301: 4294: 4273: 4266: 4259: 4254:The Persians 4252: 4246:Extant plays 4234: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4201: 4194: 4187: 4180: 4166: 4112: 4100: 4016:Online books 4010:By Aeschylus 4009: 3992:Online books 3982: 3964: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3938: 3923: 3910:(1): 27–50. 3907: 3903: 3889: 3870: 3854: 3836: 3827: 3808: 3797: 3778: 3758: 3728: 3717: 3708: 3695: 3686: 3677: 3668: 3660: 3652: 3628: 3594: 3590: 3569: 3540: 3512: 3493:Viking Press 3483: 3474: 3473:Deforge, B. 3466: 3447: 3439: 3432: 3424: 3403:. Retrieved 3398: 3388: 3369: 3363: 3351:. Retrieved 3346: 3337: 3305: 3300: 3275: 3269: 3260: 3235: 3231: 3225: 3200: 3196: 3176:Pomeroy 1999 3171: 3164:Pomeroy 1999 3148: 3144: 3102: 3096: 3083: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3042: 3021: 3014:Freeman 1999 2995: 2976:Freeman 1999 2943:Freeman 1999 2919: 2908: 2901:Pomeroy 1999 2884:Freeman 1999 2865: 2856: 2851: 2844: 2836: 2818: 2776: 2772: 2766: 2754: 2735: 2729: 2720: 2710: 2706: 2694: 2689:, p. 34 2682: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2653: 2646:. Retrieved 2640: 2633: 2598:Freeman 1999 2580: 2575: 2532: 2489:. Retrieved 2485: 2476: 2468: 2463: 2455: 2450: 2442: 2437: 2429: 2424: 2416: 2411: 2401: 2391: 2384:Freeman 1999 2364: 2356: 2348: 2343: 2326: 2322: 2308: 2233: 2229: 2222: 2212: 2195: 2185: 2175: 2165: 2149: 2130: 2125: 2119: 2114: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2064:The Persians 2063: 2059: 2053: 2050:Aristophanes 2047: 2042: 2039:The Persians 2038: 2036: 2031: 2027: 2024:skenographia 2023: 2013: 2008:The Oresteia 2006: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1862:Perrhaibides 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1742:The Edonians 1741: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1676:The Cabeiroi 1675: 1670: 1666:The Bassarae 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1605: 1594: 1576: 1571: 1565:Aristophanes 1550: 1545: 1541: 1530: 1528: 1523: 1506: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1478: 1476: 1465: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1398: 1381: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1365:as a guide. 1355: 1350: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1298:Clytemnestra 1287: 1277: 1267: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1220: 1209:The Oresteia 1208: 1201: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1171: 1149: 1145: 1143: 1136:showing the 1115: 1108: 1100: 1096: 1078: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1052: 1031: 1023:The Persians 1022: 1014: 1011:The Persians 1010: 1009: 999: 991:The Persians 983:The Persians 982: 970: 967:Argive Women 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 868: 863: 859: 855: 851: 850:, comprised 845: 840: 836: 832: 820: 814: 807: 801: 790: 788: 777: 771: 765: 759: 755:The Oresteia 753: 747: 741: 737:The Persians 735: 733: 714: 708: 678: 651: 646: 635: 621: 612: 586: 568: 556: 548: 540: 536: 531:, tyrant of 522: 514: 495: 491:The Persians 490: 487:Ion of Chios 468: 452:Persian Wars 449: 437:Peisistratus 430: 418: 395: 369:The Persians 367: 357: 339: 333: 196: 195: 75: 65: 36: 7181:Place names 7093:Salmydessus 6915:Kalos Limen 6895:Chersonesus 6885:Borysthenes 6590:Tauromenion 6402:Metapontion 6164:Proto-Greek 6117:Erechtheion 6112:Athena Nike 6074:Philippeion 5903:Mathematics 5874:and science 5757:Agriculture 5621:Stesichorus 5531:Bacchylides 5521:Archilochus 5408:Antisthenes 5398:Anaximander 5370:Seven Sages 5360:Playwrights 5340:Geographers 5335:Astronomers 5162:Pezhetairos 4789: 1100 4769:Federations 4668:Megalopolis 4605:City states 4580:City states 4296:Philoctetes 4214:(including 4174:Tetralogies 2761:, p. 1 2738:. Penguin. 2699:Martin 2000 2648:23 February 2443:Greek Drama 2361:"Aeschylus" 2135:quoted the 2110:Renaissance 1867:Philoctetes 1822:The Mysians 1752:The Escorts 1720:The Danaids 1686:The Carians 1661:The Bacchae 1472:Titanomachy 1194:The Danaids 1186:The Danaids 959:Eleusinians 588:Oedipus Rex 555:serving as 485:in 479 BC. 441:Cleisthenes 433:Cleomenes I 7253:Categories 7083:Polemonion 6960:Phanagoria 6930:Kimmerikon 6925:Kerkinitis 6910:Hermonassa 6900:Dioscurias 6796:Aspalathos 6743:Kalathousa 6718:Akra Leuke 6647:Phoenicusa 6432:Scylletium 6417:Poseidonia 6337:Brentesion 6224:Pamphylian 6219:Macedonian 6137:Samothrace 6122:Hephaestus 6069:Long Walls 6048:Structures 5989:Underworld 5935:Technology 5898:Literature 5832:Philosophy 5797:Euergetism 5686:By culture 5631:Thucydides 5473:Pythagoras 5468:Protagoras 5458:Parmenides 5443:Heraclitus 5428:Empedocles 5418:Democritus 5403:Anaximenes 5393:Anaxagoras 5345:Historians 4838: 595 4825: 550 4806: 800 4791: – c. 4719:Cappadocia 4524:Ionian Sea 4514:Hellespont 4479:Aegean Sea 4236:Prometheia 4049:Faded Page 3853:— (2002). 3431:Bierl, A. 3417:References 3278:(2): 265. 2759:Smith 2005 2715:1111a8–10. 2553:Bates 1906 2491:18 January 2182:Denys Page 2001:Mosaic of 1981:The Youths 1940:The Sphinx 1882:Polydectes 1636:The Rowers 1491:Lost plays 1461:Prometheia 1434:Hephaestus 1423:Prometheus 1294:Trojan War 1259:, king of 1247:Choephoroi 1109:The Sphinx 1105:satyr play 1046:Hellespont 935:Polydektês 825:Trojan War 804:dramaturgy 729:satyr play 725:dithyrambs 593:Cynegeirus 545:Phrynichus 473:, against 456:Cynegeirus 423:, the god 414:Eupatridae 310: 456 303: 525 170:Cynaegirus 91: 525 7259:Aeschylus 7169:in Epirus 7118:Trapezous 7063:Mesambria 7048:Eupatoria 7018:Apollonia 7013:Anchialos 6975:Theodosia 6945:Nymphaion 6935:Myrmekion 6905:Gorgippia 6861:Black Sea 6846:Tragurion 6831:Nymphaion 6816:Epidauros 6811:Epidamnos 6801:Apollonia 6778:Zacynthos 6700:Ptolemais 6694:Apollonia 6667:Cyrenaica 6657:Therassía 6652:Strongyle 6632:Ereikousa 6555:Leontinoi 6495:Apollonia 6372:Hipponion 6169:Mycenaean 6132:Parthenon 6064:Lion Gate 5967:Mythology 5930:Sculpture 5893:Astronomy 5827:Pederasty 5802:Festivals 5787:Education 5667:Lawgivers 5636:Timocreon 5616:Sophocles 5611:Simonides 5586:Philocles 5581:Panyassis 5576:Mimnermus 5541:Herodotus 5536:Euripides 5506:Aeschylus 5453:Leucippus 5413:Aristotle 5192:Strategos 5058:Synedrion 5012:Ostracism 4992:Areopagus 4944:Free city 4739:Macedonia 4623:Byzantion 4529:Macedonia 4494:Cyrenaica 4471:Geography 4405:Geography 4224:Eumenides 4216:Agamemnon 4203:Oedipodea 4196:Lycurgeia 4182:Achilleis 4167:Aeschylus 4165:Plays by 3983:Aeschylus 3871:Aeschylus 3828:Aeschylus 3619:162400889 3597:: 74–85. 3570:Aeschylus 3545:Cambridge 3518:Cambridge 3209:0009-8418 3130:cite book 3122:830001324 3089:Vitruvius 3064:Eumenides 3060:Agamemnon 2801:192234608 2660:Cynegirus 2579:S. Saïd, 2467:S. Saïd, 2454:S. Saïd, 2441:P. Levi, 2336:Citations 2217:full text 2150:Agamemnon 2106:Sophocles 2055:The Frogs 2032:Eumenides 1988:Influence 1847:Palamedes 1772:Iphigenia 1767:Hypsipyle 1542:Phrygians 1517:Patroclus 1513:Agamemnon 1500:Myrmidons 1336:Aegisthus 1306:Cassandra 1302:Iphigenia 1290:Agamemnon 1268:Agamemnon 1257:Agamemnon 1236:Agamemnon 1150:Hiketides 1085:Polynices 939:Phorkides 927:Hypsipylê 860:Phrygians 852:Myrmidons 847:Achilleis 798:Trilogies 761:Agamemnon 642:Euphorion 634:, in his 583:Philocles 579:Euripides 575:Sophocles 571:Euphorion 506:Aristotle 421:Pausanias 346:Euphorion 325:Aristotle 317:tragedian 295:Aiskhýlos 197:Aeschylus 185:Philocles 178:(brother) 172:(brother) 163:Relatives 143:Euphorion 43:Aeschylus 18:Aiskhylos 7218:Category 7196:Theatres 7123:Tripolis 7058:Kerasous 7053:Heraclea 6985:Tyritake 6940:Nikonion 6851:Thronion 6773:Salauris 6728:Emporion 6685:Berenice 6675:Balagrae 6627:Euonymos 6600:Tyndaris 6585:Syracuse 6580:Selinous 6550:Kamarina 6505:Casmenae 6490:Akrillai 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