1416:. There has been a growing emphasis on the pollution producing features of automotive power systems. This has created new interest in alternate power sources and internal-combustion engine refinements. Though a few limited-production battery-powered electric vehicles have appeared, they have not proved competitive owing to costs and operating characteristics. In the 21st century the diesel engine has been increasing in popularity with automobile owners. However, the gasoline engine and the Diesel engine, with their new emission-control devices to improve emission performance, have not yet been significantly challenged. A number of manufacturers have introduced hybrid engines, mainly involving a small gasoline engine coupled with an electric motor and with a large battery bank, these are starting to become a popular option because of their environment awareness.
1156:
1806:. Pneumatic motors generally convert the compressed air to mechanical work through either linear or rotary motion. Linear motion can come from either a diaphragm or piston actuator, while rotary motion is supplied by either a vane type air motor or piston air motor. Pneumatic motors have found widespread success in the hand-held tool industry and continual attempts are being made to expand their use to the transportation industry. However, pneumatic motors must overcome efficiency deficiencies before being seen as a viable option in the transportation industry.
850:
942:
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increased the power output of smaller displacement engines that are lighter in weight and more fuel-efficient at normal cruise power.. Similar changes have been applied to smaller Diesel engines, giving them almost the same performance characteristics as gasoline engines. This is especially evident with the popularity of smaller diesel engine-propelled cars in Europe. Diesel engines produce lower
1633:
88:
1652:, various regulatory authorities in many countries have introduced and implemented legislation to encourage the manufacture and use of higher efficiency electric motors. A well-designed motor can convert over 90% of its input energy into useful power for decades. When the efficiency of a motor is raised by even a few percentage points, the savings, in
1078:. Four cylinders and power ratings from 19 to 120 hp (14 to 90 kW) were followed in a majority of the models. Several three-cylinder, two-stroke-cycle models were built while most engines had straight or in-line cylinders. There were several V-type models and horizontally opposed two- and four-cylinder makes too. Overhead
1270:, to supply the heat. Engines of similar (or even identical) configuration and operation may use a supply of heat from other sources such as nuclear, solar, geothermal or exothermic reactions not involving combustion; but are not then strictly classed as external combustion engines, but as external thermal engines.
1521:(sometimes called "TA engines") which are thermoacoustic devices that use high-amplitude sound waves to pump heat from one place to another, or conversely use a heat difference to induce high-amplitude sound waves. In general, thermoacoustic engines can be divided into standing wave and travelling wave devices.
1923:
Vehicle noise is predominantly from the engine at low vehicle speeds and from tires and the air flowing past the vehicle at higher speeds. Electric motors are quieter than internal combustion engines. Thrust-producing engines, such as turbofans, turbojets and rockets emit the greatest amount of noise
1052:
In the first half of the 20th century, a trend of increasing engine power occurred, particularly in the U.S models. Design changes incorporated all known methods of increasing engine capacity, including increasing the pressure in the cylinders to improve efficiency, increasing the size of the engine,
981:
In 1896, Karl Benz was granted a patent for his design of the first engine with horizontally opposed pistons. His design created an engine in which the corresponding pistons move in horizontal cylinders and reach top dead center simultaneously, thus automatically balancing each other with respect to
2565:
A later request was presented to the Patent Office of the Reign of
Piedmont, under No. 700 of Volume VII of that Office. The text of this patent request is not available, only a photo of the table containing a drawing of the engine. This may have been either a new patent or an extension of a patent
1640:
The physical principle of production of mechanical force by the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic field was known as early as 1821. Electric motors of increasing efficiency were constructed throughout the 19th century, but commercial exploitation of electric motors on a large scale
1624:
from a central electrical distribution grid. The smallest motors may be found in electric wristwatches. Medium-size motors of highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial uses. The very largest electric motors are used for propulsion of large
1020:
The continued use of internal combustion engines in automobiles is partly due to the improvement of engine control systems, such as on-board computers providing engine management processes, and electronically controlled fuel injection. Forced air induction by turbocharging and supercharging have
574:
powered by an internal combustion engine may make use of various motors and pumps, but ultimately all such devices derive their power from the engine. Another way of looking at it is that a motor receives power from an external source, and then converts it into mechanical energy, while an engine
319:
generally means zero emissions other than water and water vapour. Only heat engines which combust pure hydrogen (fuel) and pure oxygen (oxidizer) achieve zero-emission by a strict definition (in practice, one type of rocket engine). If hydrogen is burnt in combination with air (all airbreathing
1607:
used on vehicles often perform both tasks. Electric motors can be run as generators and vice versa, although this is not always practical. Electric motors are ubiquitous, being found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances,
1053:
and increasing the rate at which the engine produces work. The higher forces and pressures created by these changes created engine vibration and size problems that led to stiffer, more compact engines with V and opposed cylinder layouts replacing longer straight-line arrangements.
1509:
Some engines convert heat from noncombustive processes into mechanical work, for example a nuclear power plant uses the heat from the nuclear reaction to produce steam and drive a steam engine, or a gas turbine in a rocket engine may be driven by decomposing
1878:
is the force exerted on an airplane as a consequence of its propeller or jet engine accelerating the air passing through it. It is also the force exerted on a ship as a consequence of its propeller accelerating the water passing through it.
965:, added to the interest in light and powerful engines. The lightweight gasoline internal combustion engine, operating on a four-stroke Otto cycle, has been the most successful for light automobiles, while the thermally more-efficient
1535:. After expanding and flowing through the recuperator, the gas rejects heat at the cold cylinder and the ensuing pressure drop leads to its compression by the other (displacement) piston, which forces it back to the hot cylinder.
836:
was invented in China. Driven by gunpowder, this simplest form of internal combustion engine was unable to deliver sustained power, but was useful for propelling weaponry at high speeds towards enemies in battle and for
1112:, the largest container ship in the world when launched in 2006. This engine has a mass of 2,300 tonnes, and when running at 102 rpm (1.7 Hz) produces over 80 MW, and can use up to 250 tonnes of fuel per day.
1069:
Earlier automobile engine development produced a much larger range of engines than is in common use today. Engines have ranged from 1- to 16-cylinder designs with corresponding differences in overall size, weight,
282:
Chemical heat engines which employ air (ambient atmospheric gas) as a part of the fuel reaction are regarded as airbreathing engines. Chemical heat engines designed to operate outside of Earth's atmosphere (e.g.
1082:
were frequently employed. The smaller engines were commonly air-cooled and located at the rear of the vehicle; compression ratios were relatively low. The 1970s and 1980s saw an increased interest in improved
1531:, between a hot cylinder and a cold cylinder, which are attached to reciprocating pistons 90° out of phase. The gas receives heat at the hot cylinder and expands, driving the piston that turns the
2809:
1527:
can be another form of non-combustive heat engine. They use the
Stirling thermodynamic cycle to convert heat into work. An example is the alpha type Stirling engine, whereby gas flows, via a
1475:
15 to 60 ppm, traces of other compounds such as fuel additives and lubricants, also halogen and metallic compounds, and other particles. Carbon monoxide is highly toxic, and can cause
1924:
due to the way their thrust-producing, high-velocity exhaust streams interact with the surrounding stationary air. Noise reduction technology includes intake and exhaust system
881:. It enabled rapid development of efficient semi-automated factories on a previously unimaginable scale in places where waterpower was not available. Later development led to
2715:
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have used the energy from moving water or rocks, and some clocks have a weight that falls under gravity. Other forms of potential energy include compressed gases (such as
2150:
a person or thing that imparts motion, esp. a contrivance, as a steam engine, that receives and modifies energy from some source in order to use it in driving machinery.
1155:
3252:
1688:
coil or casting (e.g., by using materials with higher electrical conductivities, such as copper), 3) reducing magnetic losses by using better quality magnetic
982:
their individual momentum. Engines of this design are often referred to as “flat” or “boxer” engines due to their shape and low profile. They were used in the
1120:
An engine can be put into a category according to two criteria: the form of energy it accepts in order to create motion, and the type of motion it outputs.
869:, the Watt steam engine, developed sporadically from 1763 to 1775, was a great step in the development of the steam engine. Offering a dramatic increase in
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1255:. The fluid is then cooled, compressed and reused (closed cycle), or (less commonly) dumped, and cool fluid pulled in (open cycle air engine).
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Speed refers to crankshaft rotation in piston engines and the speed of compressor/turbine rotors and electric motor rotors. It is measured in
497:
was initially used to distinguish it from the steam engine—which was in wide use at the time, powering locomotives and other vehicles such as
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A continuous stream of air flows through the air-breathing engine. This air is compressed, mixed with fuel, ignited and expelled as the
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1087:, which caused a return to smaller V-6 and four-cylinder layouts, with as many as five valves per cylinder to improve efficiency. The
822:
1514:. Apart from the different energy source, the engine is often engineered much the same as an internal or external combustion engine.
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Diesel engines have become increasingly popular in automobiles, especially outside of the United States, even for quite small cars.
550:
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convert environmental heat into motion (e.g. in the form of rising air currents). Mechanical energy is of particular importance in
303:, a more powerful oxidant than oxygen itself); or the application needs to obtain heat by non-chemical means, such as by means of
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2138:
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typically describes devices, like steam engines and internal combustion engines, that burn or otherwise consume fuel to perform
3518:
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1840:
1629:. Electric motors may be classified by the source of electric power, by their internal construction, and by their application.
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Optimal combustion efficiency in passenger vehicles is reached with a coolant temperature of around 110 °C (230 °F).
229:
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is a turning moment on a shaft and is calculated by multiplying the force causing the moment by its distance from the shaft.
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causes rapid pressurisation of the gaseous combustion products in the combustion chamber, causing them to expand and drive a
150:
905:
746:, or toothed-wheels made of wood and metal to regulate the speed of rotation. More sophisticated small devices, such as the
3238:
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were described as engines—the steam engine being a notable example. However, the original steam engines, such as those by
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523:
are interchangeable in standard
English. In some engineering jargons, the two words have different meanings, in which
1044:
pollution, than gasoline engines. Diesel engines are also 40% more fuel efficient than comparable gasoline engines.
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478:. Examples of engines which exert a torque include the familiar automobile gasoline and diesel engines, as well as
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1335:, the majority of the combustion energy (heat) exits the engine as exhaust gas, which provides thrust directly.
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and even steam power date back to antiquity. Human power was focused by the use of simple engines, such as the
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reaction, or secondarily from the action of some such force on other substances such as air, water, or steam).
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invented and patented an engine using the free-piston principle that was possibly the first 4-cycle engine.
32:
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Non-thermal motors usually are powered by a chemical reaction, but are not heat engines. Examples include:
1099:
cylinder layouts are positioned next to each other to create the W shape sharing the same crankshaft.
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than steam engines and worked much better for many transportation applications such as cars and aircraft.
39:
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901:
774:, often these machines were associated with worship, such as animated altars and automated temple doors.
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as a source of water power to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines. In the
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used complex trains of gears and dials to act as calendars or predict astronomical events. In a poem by
747:
440:
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in its original form was merely a water pump, with the engine being transported to the fire by horses.
1487:, from the widespread use of engines in the modern industrialized world is contributing to the global
1483:
can reduce toxic emissions, but not eliminate them. Also, resulting greenhouse gas emissions, chiefly
185:, but also plays a role in many industrial processes such as cutting, grinding, crushing, and mixing.
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699:, treat these engines as commonplace, so their invention may be more ancient. By the 1st century AD,
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which means 'to set in motion', or 'maintain motion'. Thus a motor is a device that imparts motion.
315:
All chemically fueled heat engines emit exhaust gases. The cleanest engines emit water only. Strict
3508:
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2171:"3. any device that converts another form of energy into mechanical energy so as to produce motion"
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1285:. The fluid can be of any composition; gas is by far the most common, although even single-phase
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or otherwise consumes fuel, changing its chemical composition, and a motor is a device driven by
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1595:. The reverse process, producing electrical energy from mechanical energy, is accomplished by a
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877:'s design became synonymous with steam engines, due in no small part to his business partner,
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creates power from pressure (derived directly from the explosive force of combustion or other
567:
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103:
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4015:
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1928:(silencers) on gasoline and diesel engines and noise attenuation liners in turbofan inlets.
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pressure, which does not change the chemical composition of its energy source. However,
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ships, and for such purposes as pipeline compressors, with ratings in the thousands of
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is perhaps the most common example of a mechanical heat engine in which heat from the
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1106:, a 14-cylinder, 2-stroke turbocharged diesel engine that was designed to power the
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to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum. Improving on the design of the 1712
403:
27:
Machine that converts one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy (of motion)
17:
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to create forces and ultimately motion (a chemical engine, but not a heat engine).
2805:
Experimental
Investigations on a Standing-Wave Thermoacoustic Engine, M.Sc. Thesis
2740:
2271:
558:
2243:
861:
was the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above
474:). Devices converting heat energy into motion are commonly referred to simply as
388:
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required efficient electrical generators and electrical distribution networks.
509:
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217:
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197:
173:). Many of these processes generate heat as an intermediate energy form; thus
55:
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2943:
2857:
1973:
is the term used to define engines that are not used by vehicles on roadways.
3899:
3162:
2088:
2066:
1915:
Efficiency is a proportion of useful energy output compared to total input.
1773:
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is heated by combustion of an external source, through the engine wall or a
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engines), a side reaction occurs between atmospheric oxygen and atmospheric
288:
107:
2340:
1479:, so it is important to avoid any build-up of the gas in a confined space.
2326:
1855:
The following are used in the assessment of the performance of an engine.
354:, is emitted. Hydrogen and oxygen from air can be reacted into water by a
3904:
3894:
3823:
3676:
3040:
2060:
1843:'s electric motor could source electricity from either a battery or from
1825:
1769:
1762:
1734:
Some motors are powered by potential or kinetic energy, for example some
1673:
1460:
1440:
1428:
1387:
1313:
1267:
1190:
1079:
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897:
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in the 4th century AD, he mentions a stone-cutting saw powered by water.
751:
632:
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483:
408:
321:
300:
292:
711:, driving machines similar to those powered by humans in earlier times.
525:
3914:
3833:
3785:
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3230:
2935:
2408:, Third Edition, Sybil P. Parker, ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994, p. 1498.
1925:
1831:. This type of engine is used to move heavy loads and drive machinery.
1309:
1289:
is sometimes used. In the case of the steam engine, the fluid changes
1263:
127:
87:
2365:, Third Edition, Sybil P. Parker, ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994, p. 714.
503:
3851:
3691:
3601:
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1887:
1875:
1839:
Some motor units can have multiple sources of energy. For example, a
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have special importance. Some natural processes, such as atmospheric
131:
111:
3003:
3943:
3938:
3889:
3626:
3596:
2874:. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. Archived from
1689:
1631:
1281:
as in a steam engine or an organic liquid such as n-pentane in an
1278:
1244:
1236:
1194:
1159:
A three-horsepower internal combustion engine that ran on coal gas
995:
940:
848:
763:
743:
704:
604:
562:—a component that transforms the flow or changes in pressure of a
467:
393:
86:
45:
3015:
2914:
Hogan, C. Michael (September 1973). "Analysis of
Highway Noise".
1001:. Opposed four- and six-cylinder engines continue to be used as
651:
arrangements; this power was transmitted usually with the forces
3846:
3841:
3686:
3663:
2998:
2549:"La documentazione essenziale per l'attribuzione della scoperta"
2035:
923:
which was later commercially successful was made during 1860 by
783:
759:
676:
664:
640:
201:
189:
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windings (e.g., by increasing the cross-sectional area of the
1408:
The operation of engines typically has a negative impact upon
1193:
gases, which are produced by the combustion, directly applies
1035:
991:
787:
735:
600:
326:
2832:"Numerical thermodynamic model of alpha-type Stirling engine"
1664:
can be improved by: 1) reducing the electrical losses in the
1185:. In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high
841:. After invention, this innovation spread throughout Europe.
1696:
of motors to reduce mechanical windage losses, 5) improving
817:
system for two of his water-raising machines. A rudimentary
3544:
1798:
is a machine that converts potential energy in the form of
730:
over the next few centuries. Some were quite complex, with
493:
When the internal combustion engine was invented, the term
447:, were not mechanical engines but pumps. In this manner, a
2566:
granted three days earlier, on 30 December 1857, at Turin.
2474:, pp. 34–35. Institute for the History of Arabic Science,
2406:
McGraw-Hill
Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
2363:
McGraw-Hill
Concise Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
1847:
inputs via an internal combustion engine and a generator.
2892:. Reference.howstuffworks.com. 2006-01-29. Archived from
1209:, and by moving it over a distance, generates mechanical
1102:
The largest internal combustion engine ever built is the
961:
The first commercially successful automobile, created by
742:
to maintain and channel the water, along with systems of
2420:
The
Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law
1616:. They may be powered by direct current (for example a
1427:
from a spark ignition engine consists of the following:
969:
is used for trucks and buses. However, in recent years,
291:) need to carry an additional fuel component called the
2789:
Paul
Degobert, Society of Automotive Engineers (1995),
1656:(and therefore in cost), are enormous. The electrical
766:
powered machines in the 1st century AD, including the
2422:(42nd ed.). New York: Basic Books. p. 84.
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2716:"Columbia encyclopedia: Internal combustion engine"
2451:
Transfer of
Islamic Technology to the West, Part II
718:, a water-powered mill was built in Kaberia of the
482:. Examples of engines which produce thrust include
192:into work via various thermodynamic processes. The
2580:Hillier's Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology
2270:
2242:
3021:5 Ways to Redesign the Internal Combustion Engine
2768:. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2010-08-13.
1620:powered portable device or motor vehicle), or by
110:systems can be taken from the turbine shaft, but
98:to generate a high-velocity exhaust as a form of
1517:Another group of noncombustive engines includes
1320:. Theoretically, this should result in a better
798:many industrial tasks previously carried out by
2599:
2597:
1936:Particularly notable kinds of engines include:
439:. Most mechanical devices invented during the
54:gasoline-fueled internal combustion cycle with
2577:Victor Albert Walter Hillier, Peter Coombes –
2063:– biological motor used by some microorganisms
786:in mills and water-raising machines, and used
3560:
3246:
3066:
2472:Taqi al-Din and Arabic Mechanical Engineering
1181:) occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a
8:
1710:For further discussion on this subject, see
1684:), 2) reducing the electrical losses in the
50:An animation showing the four stages of the
38:"Motor" redirects here. For other uses, see
1676:technique, and using materials with higher
1312:('burn') the fuel, rather than carrying an
396:
3567:
3553:
3545:
3276:
3253:
3239:
3231:
3073:
3059:
3051:
3016:Animated illustrations of various engines
2916:Journal of Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
2847:
1901:is the measure of how fast work is done.
1251:of the engine produces motion and usable
1197:to components of the engine, such as the
896:, these were tested in France in 1807 by
407:. Pre-industrial weapons of war, such as
130:designed to convert one or more forms of
1154:
1037:
687:. The writers of those times, including
361:
328:
212:. Unlike internal combustion engines, a
3415:Homogeneous charge compression ignition
2495:. History.rochester.edu. Archived from
2126:
2109:Timeline of motor and engine technology
1343:Typical air-breathing engines include:
1273:The working fluid can be a gas as in a
106:to power the aircraft's electrical and
2637:"The Electrically Assisted Thermostat"
2609:Pollution: Causes, Effects and Control
904:. They were theoretically advanced by
2718:. Inventors.about.com. Archived from
2493:online history resource, chapter one"
2447:"Transmission of Islamic Engineering"
1587:, usually through the interaction of
1247:then, by expanding and acting on the
990:, some Porsche and Subaru cars, many
299:suitable for use in rockets, such as
7:
2377:"World Wide Words: Engine and Motor"
2291:participating institution membership
2263:participating institution membership
2182:"World Wide Words: Engine and Motor"
1539:Non-thermal chemically powered motor
1304:are combustion engines that use the
794:, such advances made it possible to
114:is produced by expelled exhaust gas.
3004:Working 4-Stroke Engine – Animation
2836:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
934:was capable of giving a far higher
782:Medieval Muslim engineers employed
3211:Timeline of heat engine technology
3031:Article on Compact Diesel Engines.
2104:Timeline of heat engine technology
1780:were powered by potential energy.
1704:, and 6) minimizing manufacturing
722:during the 1st century BC. Use of
556:A heat engine may also serve as a
25:
1726:, rather than an electric motor.
1648:from motors and their associated
853:Boulton & Watt engine of 1788
553:, even though they consume fuel.
141:Available energy sources include
2971:Engineering in the Ancient World
2162:Dictionary.com: (World heritage)
1302:Air-breathing combustion engines
1297:Air-breathing combustion engines
324:resulting in small emissions of
188:Mechanical heat engines convert
2812:from the original on 2013-09-28
2772:from the original on 2018-06-27
2747:from the original on 2011-05-15
2697:from the original on 2011-06-28
2665:Proctor, Charles Lafayette II.
2647:from the original on 2021-05-03
2387:from the original on 2019-04-25
2221:from the original on 2012-08-29
2192:from the original on 2019-04-25
2141:from the original on 2008-04-07
1841:plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
1550:– motors found in living things
832:In the 13th century, the solid
726:in mills spread throughout the
343:or gasoline) is burnt as fuel,
239:convert electrical energy into
2671:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
2635:McKnight, Bill (August 2017).
2491:The growth of the steam engine
2489:"University of Rochester, NY,
2318:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2304:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1491:– a primary concern regarding
151:hydroelectric power generation
1:
2890:"Howstuffworks "Engineering""
2667:"Internal Combustion engines"
2418:Goldstein, Norm, ed. (2007).
2011:Automobile engine replacement
611:. More complex engines using
3026:Article on Small SI Engines.
2830:Bataineh, Khaled M. (2018).
2741:"Internal-combustion engine"
2691:"Internal combustion engine"
2137:. Dictionary.reference.com.
977:Horizontally-opposed pistons
507:derives from the Latin verb
230:Newton's third law of motion
145:(e.g. energy of the Earth's
3730:Internal combustion engines
3707:External combustion engines
3320:Stirling (pseudo/adiabatic)
2849:10.1016/j.csite.2018.03.010
2808:. Egypt: Cairo University.
1593:current-carrying conductors
1519:thermoacoustic heat engines
1499:Non-combusting heat engines
892:As for internal combustion
758:is credited with many such
358:without side production of
4032:
2999:Detailed Engine Animations
2613:Royal Society of Chemistry
2215:Collins English Dictionary
1908:
1813:
1787:
1564:
1502:
1235:where an internal working
1229:external combustion engine
1223:External combustion engine
1220:
1217:External combustion engine
1173:is an engine in which the
1171:internal combustion engine
1165:Internal combustion engine
1162:
1151:Internal combustion engine
1127:
947:internal combustion engine
921:internal combustion engine
900:and independently, by the
454:In modern usage, the term
371:engine not a heat engine.
194:internal combustion engine
56:electrical ignition source
29:
3584:Classical simple machines
3219:
3206:
3188:
3088:
2791:Automobiles and Pollution
2346:Dictionary.com Unabridged
2332:Dictionary.com Unabridged
2278:Oxford English Dictionary
2250:Oxford English Dictionary
2077:Synthetic molecular motor
1824:derives its power from a
1678:electrical conductivities
1554:Synthetic molecular motor
1477:carbon monoxide poisoning
1324:than for rocket engines.
263:. In biological systems,
235:Apart from heat engines,
165:and nuclear energy (from
2743:. Infoplease.com. 2007.
2238:Dictionary definitions:
1730:Physically powered motor
1660:of a typical industrial
1293:between liquid and gas.
1143:driven by the heat of a
821:device was described by
470:(usually in the form of
3969:Check weighing machines
2520:Power plant engineering
2283:Oxford University Press
2255:Oxford University Press
2082:Adiabatic quantum motor
1776:, and (to some extent)
1644:To reduce the electric
1431:70 to 75% (by volume),
1393:Liquid air cycle engine
1373:Pulse detonation engine
1363:Airbreathing jet engine
1139:Combustion engines are
1104:Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C
1029:emissions, but greater
885:and great expansion of
387:
33:Engine (disambiguation)
2802:Emam, Mahmoud (2013).
2584:Nelson Thornes, 2004
1865:revolutions per minute
1637:
1397:Reaction Engines SABRE
1368:Turbo-propeller engine
1308:in atmospheric air to
1177:of a fuel (generally,
1160:
953:
887:railway transportation
854:
792:medieval Islamic world
720:kingdom of Mithridates
508:
402:
401:–the root of the word
397:
295:(although there exist
115:
84:
40:Motor (disambiguation)
3954:Seed-counting machine
3153:Steam (reciprocating)
2766:"External combustion"
1983:Spacecraft propulsion
1722:refers to a railroad
1635:
1451:: 0.1 to 6%, unburnt
1404:Environmental effects
1283:Organic Rankine cycle
1158:
1091:16.4 operates with a
1057:Combustion efficiency
944:
936:power-to-weight ratio
867:Newcomen steam engine
852:
845:Industrial Revolution
748:Antikythera Mechanism
659:. These were used in
441:Industrial Revolution
228:, in accordance with
153:), heat energy (e.g.
90:
49:
3753:Nutating disc engine
3743:Reciprocating engine
3504:Regenerative cooling
3382:combustion / thermal
3281:Without phase change
3272:combustion / thermal
3262:Thermodynamic cycles
2476:University of Aleppo
1481:Catalytic converters
1348:Reciprocating engine
1065:Engine configuration
919:The invention of an
908:in 1824. In 1853–57
31:For other uses, see
18:Air-breathing engine
3222:Thermodynamic cycle
3133:Pistonless (Rotary)
3123:Photo-Carnot engine
2993:U.S. patent 194,047
2928:1973WASP....2..387H
2555:on 25 February 2017
2281:(Online ed.).
2253:(Online ed.).
1724:electric locomotive
1692:, 4) improving the
1622:alternating current
1095:, meaning that two
1072:engine displacement
311:Emission/Byproducts
287:, deeply submerged
147:gravitational field
3776:Peaucellier-Lipkin
3045:James Slough Zerbe
3009:2019-04-25 at the
2936:10.1007/BF00159677
2517:Nag, P.K. (2002).
2375:Quinion, Michael.
2321:. Merriam-Webster.
2307:. Merriam-Webster.
2099:Solid-state engine
1977:Railway locomotive
1712:Premium efficiency
1646:energy consumption
1638:
1183:combustion chamber
1161:
954:
855:
756:Hero of Alexandria
163:electric potential
116:
96:heat of combustion
85:
4011:Engine technology
3998:
3997:
3974:Riveting machines
3672:Archimedes' screw
3542:
3541:
3519:Vapor-compression
3445:Staged combustion
3374:
3373:
3339:With phase change
3228:
3227:
2622:978-0-85404-621-8
2429:978-0-465-00489-8
2289:(Subscription or
2261:(Subscription or
1962:Marine propulsion
1957:Motorcycle engine
1947:Automobile engine
1911:Engine efficiency
1744:ropeway conveyors
1658:energy efficiency
1650:carbon footprints
1585:mechanical energy
1581:electrical energy
1512:hydrogen peroxide
1489:greenhouse effect
1465:nitrogen monoxide
1231:(EC engine) is a
1135:Combustion engine
984:Volkswagen Beetle
883:steam locomotives
859:Watt steam engine
603:(examples of the
568:mechanical energy
529:is a device that
367:, but this is an
305:nuclear reactions
136:mechanical energy
104:Mechanical energy
16:(Redirected from
4023:
3677:Eductor-jet pump
3569:
3562:
3555:
3546:
3514:Vapor absorption
3277:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3232:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3052:
3036:Types Of Engines
2995:
2956:
2955:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
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2886:
2880:
2879:
2868:
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2652:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2611:(4th ed.),
2605:Harrison, Roy M.
2601:
2592:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2551:. Archived from
2545:
2539:
2538:
2525:Tata McGraw-Hill
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2485:
2479:
2468:Hassan, Ahmad Y.
2465:
2459:
2458:
2453:. Archived from
2444:Hassan, Ahmad Y.
2440:
2434:
2433:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2396:
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2393:
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2201:
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2198:
2197:
2186:World Wide Words
2178:
2172:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2131:
2041:Hesselman engine
1985:engines such as
1964:engines such as
1752:clockwork motors
1748:pneumatic motors
1672:, improving the
1571:Electric vehicle
1525:Stirling engines
1333:reaction engines
1322:specific impulse
1048:Increasing power
1043:
1007:propeller-driven
914:Felice Matteucci
910:Eugenio Barsanti
671:, as well as in
649:block and tackle
400:
366:
334:
265:molecular motors
253:clockwork motors
245:pneumatic motors
208:, which turns a
179:convection cells
149:as exploited in
143:potential energy
43:
36:
21:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3990:Spring (device)
3978:
3959:Vending machine
3927:
3909:
3866:
3828:
3780:
3757:
3724:
3720:Stirling engine
3701:
3654:
3621:
3578:
3573:
3543:
3538:
3475:
3449:
3381:
3370:
3360:Organic Rankine
3334:
3288:
3285:hot air engines
3282:
3271:
3264:
3259:
3229:
3224:
3215:
3202:
3184:
3084:
3079:
3011:Wayback Machine
2991:
2988:
2983:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2913:
2912:
2908:
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2897:
2888:
2887:
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2815:
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2748:
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2738:
2734:
2725:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2700:
2698:
2693:. Answers.com.
2689:
2688:
2684:
2675:
2673:
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2650:
2648:
2634:
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2603:
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2595:
2576:
2572:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2527:. p. 432.
2516:
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2500:
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2486:
2482:
2466:
2462:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2404:"Prime mover",
2403:
2399:
2390:
2388:
2381:Worldwide Words
2374:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2356:
2339:
2325:
2311:
2297:
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2241:
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2209:
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2179:
2175:
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2156:
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2142:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2094:Reaction engine
2072:Molecular motor
2046:Hot bulb engine
2031:Gasoline engine
2006:Aircraft engine
2001:
1996:
1992:Traction engine
1971:Non-road engine
1942:Aircraft engine
1934:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1896:
1885:
1873:
1861:
1853:
1837:
1822:hydraulic motor
1818:
1816:Hydraulic motor
1812:
1810:Hydraulic motor
1804:mechanical work
1796:pneumatic motor
1792:
1790:Pneumatic motor
1786:
1784:Pneumatic motor
1768:included large
1732:
1720:electric engine
1718:By convention,
1702:friction losses
1662:induction motor
1605:Traction motors
1589:magnetic fields
1573:
1565:Main articles:
1563:
1548:Molecular motor
1541:
1507:
1501:
1459:products (e.g.
1449:carbon monoxide
1422:
1406:
1299:
1275:Stirling engine
1225:
1219:
1167:
1153:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1074:, and cylinder
1067:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1034:
1028:
1018:
979:
959:
902:Niépce brothers
879:Matthew Boulton
871:fuel efficiency
847:
827:Giovanni Branca
825:in 1551 and by
780:
772:vending machine
697:Pliny the Elder
593:Simple machines
590:
585:
460:mechanical work
435:, is short for
377:
369:electrochemical
365:
359:
348:
332:
325:
313:
297:super-oxidizers
277:chemical energy
237:electric motors
214:reaction engine
167:nuclear fission
159:chemical energy
100:reaction engine
83:
73:(Fuel is burnt)
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4013:
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3819:Wind generator
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3645:Pendulum clock
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3629:
3623:
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3617:Wheel and axle
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3592:Inclined plane
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3175:Thermoacoustic
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2987:
2986:External links
2984:
2982:
2981:
2969:J.G. Landels,
2966:
2964:
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2958:
2957:
2906:
2881:
2878:on 2012-10-23.
2863:
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2794:
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2509:
2480:
2460:
2457:on 2008-02-18.
2435:
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2410:
2397:
2367:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2349:(Online). n.d.
2337:
2335:(Online). n.d.
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2167:2008-04-07 at
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2021:Engine cooling
2018:
2016:Electric motor
2013:
2008:
2002:
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1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1966:Outboard motor
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1938:
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1932:Engines by use
1930:
1920:
1917:
1909:Main article:
1906:
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1872:
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1836:
1833:
1814:Main article:
1811:
1808:
1800:compressed air
1788:Main article:
1785:
1782:
1778:battering rams
1731:
1728:
1654:kilowatt hours
1636:Electric motor
1577:electric motor
1567:Electric motor
1562:
1561:Electric motor
1559:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1540:
1537:
1503:Main article:
1500:
1497:
1493:global warming
1485:carbon dioxide
1473:sulfur dioxide
1467:0.01 to 0.4%,
1437:carbon dioxide
1421:
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1241:heat exchanger
1221:Main article:
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1203:turbine blades
1163:Main article:
1152:
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1128:Main article:
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1089:Bugatti Veyron
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1046:
1026:
1017:
1014:
1003:a power source
978:
975:
958:
955:
925:Etienne Lenoir
894:piston engines
846:
843:
779:
776:
669:Ancient Greece
655:and the speed
595:, such as the
589:
586:
584:
581:
549:uses the term
462:by exerting a
419:, were called
417:battering rams
383:derives from
376:
373:
352:greenhouse gas
346:
317:zero-emissions
312:
309:
261:elastic energy
249:compressed air
183:transportation
171:nuclear fusion
82:
81:
75:
69:
66:
59:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4028:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:Miscellaneous
3930:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Water turbine
3812:
3810:
3809:Steam turbine
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3748:Rotary engine
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3682:Hydraulic ram
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:Transcritical
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3489:Hampson–Linde
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3481:Refrigeration
3478:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Gas-generator
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3395:Brayton/Joule
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:Brayton/Joule
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3180:Manson engine
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3158:Steam turbine
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:Carnot engine
3091:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2979:0-520-04127-5
2976:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2922:(3): 387–92.
2921:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2896:on 2009-08-21
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2722:on 2012-07-21
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2658:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2590:0-7487-8082-3
2587:
2583:
2581:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2534:0-07-043599-5
2530:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2513:
2510:
2499:on 2012-02-04
2498:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:Rocket engine
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:siege engines
1764:
1759:
1757:
1756:elastic bands
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:gravity plane
1737:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1506:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:<100 ppm,
1470:
1469:nitrous oxide
1466:
1463:) 0.5 to 1%,
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1439:10 to 13.5%,
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1266:fuel with an
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
985:
976:
974:
972:
968:
967:Diesel engine
964:
956:
952:
951:Mercedes-Benz
948:
943:
939:
937:
933:
930:In 1877, the
928:
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
851:
844:
842:
840:
835:
830:
828:
824:
820:
819:steam turbine
816:
812:
808:
803:
801:
800:manual labour
797:
793:
789:
785:
777:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
714:According to
712:
710:
707:were used in
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:siege engines
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
587:
582:
580:
578:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:
522:
518:
514:
512:
511:
506:
505:
500:
499:steam rollers
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
445:Thomas Savery
442:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
423:
422:siege engines
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:
399:
395:
391:
390:
386:
382:
374:
372:
370:
364:
357:
353:
349:
342:
338:
333:
331:
323:
318:
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
226:reaction mass
224:by expelling
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
80:
79:(Exhaust out)
76:
74:
70:
67:
65:
64:(Fuel enters)
61:
60:
57:
53:
48:
41:
34:
19:
3949:Agricultural
3804:Quasiturbine
3715:Steam engine
3650:Quartz clock
3635:Atomic clock
3366:Regenerative
3295:Bell Coleman
3193:Beale number
3148:Split-single
3082:Heat engines
2970:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2898:. Retrieved
2894:the original
2884:
2876:the original
2866:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2814:. Retrieved
2804:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2774:. Retrieved
2760:
2749:. Retrieved
2735:
2724:. Retrieved
2720:the original
2710:
2699:. Retrieved
2685:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2660:
2649:. Retrieved
2640:
2630:
2608:
2579:
2573:
2564:
2557:. Retrieved
2553:the original
2543:
2519:
2512:
2501:. Retrieved
2497:the original
2490:
2483:
2471:
2463:
2455:the original
2450:
2438:
2419:
2413:
2405:
2400:
2389:. Retrieved
2380:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2344:
2330:
2316:
2302:
2276:
2248:
2234:
2223:. Retrieved
2214:
2205:
2194:. Retrieved
2185:
2176:
2157:
2149:
2143:. Retrieved
2129:
1952:Model engine
1935:
1922:
1919:Sound levels
1914:
1897:
1886:
1874:
1862:
1854:
1845:fossil fuels
1838:
1821:
1819:
1795:
1793:
1760:
1750:), springs (
1733:
1719:
1717:
1709:
1694:aerodynamics
1643:
1639:
1576:
1574:
1542:
1523:
1516:
1508:
1455:and partial
1453:hydrocarbons
1423:
1414:sound levels
1412:and ambient
1407:
1353:Steam engine
1342:
1326:
1301:
1300:
1272:
1262:" refers to
1257:
1228:
1226:
1170:
1168:
1141:heat engines
1138:
1119:
1107:
1101:
1085:fuel economy
1068:
1060:
1051:
1038:
1019:
980:
971:turbocharged
960:
929:
918:
891:
856:
834:rocket motor
831:
804:
781:
728:Roman Empire
724:water wheels
713:
685:Ancient Rome
617:animal power
591:
557:
555:
551:rocket motor
524:
520:
516:
515:
502:
494:
492:
475:
455:
453:
436:
430:
426:
420:
380:
378:
362:
329:
314:
281:
257:wind-up toys
234:
187:
175:heat engines
140:
123:
119:
117:
78:
72:
63:
3964:Wind tunnel
3880:Vacuum tube
3872:Electronics
3794:Gas turbine
3738:Gas turbine
3697:Vacuum pump
3660:Compressors
3640:Chronometer
3534:Ionocaloric
3529:Vuilleumier
3351:Hygroscopic
3198:West number
3118:Minto wheel
3103:Gas turbine
2842:: 104–116.
2559:24 February
2051:IRIS engine
2036:HCCI engine
2026:Engine swap
1851:Performance
1826:pressurized
1614:disk drives
1610:power tools
1583:to produce
1529:recuperator
1505:heat engine
1447:0.2 to 2%,
1443:0.5 to 2%,
1435:10 to 12%,
1433:water vapor
1425:Exhaust gas
1420:Air quality
1410:air quality
1358:Gas turbine
1329:exhaust gas
1233:heat engine
1187:temperature
1179:fossil fuel
1130:Heat engine
1124:Heat engine
1031:particulate
1023:hydrocarbon
1016:Advancement
999:motorcycles
988:Citroën 2CV
957:Automobiles
863:atmospheric
823:Taqi al-Din
809:employed a
677:water pumps
663:and aboard
639:, and with
621:water power
613:human power
609:prehistoric
559:prime mover
535:electricity
501:. The term
480:turboshafts
449:fire engine
392:, from the
375:Terminology
337:hydrocarbon
220:) produces
216:(such as a
92:Jet engines
68:Compression
52:four-stroke
4005:Categories
3923:Automobile
3885:Transistor
3799:Jet engine
3771:Pantograph
3499:Pulse tube
3471:Mixed/dual
3138:Rijke tube
3043:(1915) by
2900:2011-05-09
2816:2013-09-26
2776:2011-05-09
2751:2011-05-09
2726:2011-05-09
2701:2011-05-09
2676:2011-05-09
2651:2021-03-13
2503:2010-02-03
2391:2018-02-03
2361:"Engine",
2293:required.)
2265:required.)
2225:2012-09-03
2196:2020-04-30
2169:Archive-It
2145:2011-05-09
2116:References
2056:Micromotor
1905:Efficiency
1774:trebuchets
1736:funiculars
1706:tolerances
1700:to reduce
1680:, such as
1533:crankshaft
1316:, as in a
1260:Combustion
1175:combustion
1145:combustion
1109:Emma Mærsk
1093:W16 engine
1005:in small,
932:Otto cycle
875:James Watt
653:multiplied
625:wind power
572:automobile
466:or linear
432:cotton gin
413:trebuchets
385:Old French
289:submarines
241:mechanical
218:jet engine
210:crankshaft
198:combustion
155:geothermal
62:Induction
3900:Capacitor
3862:Propeller
3494:Kleemenko
3380:Internal
3163:Aeolipile
2952:109914430
2944:0049-6979
2858:2214-157X
2641:Motor.com
2121:Citations
2089:Multifuel
2067:Nanomotor
1770:catapults
1761:Historic
1670:conductor
1627:kilowatts
1597:generator
1461:aldehydes
1457:oxidation
1378:Pulse jet
1249:mechanism
1189:and high
1147:process.
1080:camshafts
963:Karl Benz
839:fireworks
829:in 1629.
807:al-Jazari
805:In 1206,
796:mechanize
768:Aeolipile
732:aqueducts
693:Frontinus
689:Vitruvius
637:treadmill
588:Antiquity
543:hydraulic
484:turbofans
429:, as in
409:catapults
404:ingenious
379:The word
356:fuel cell
339:(such as
108:hydraulic
77:Emission
71:Ignition
3915:Vehicles
3905:Inductor
3895:Resistor
3834:Aerofoil
3824:Windmill
3763:Linkages
3576:Machines
3461:Combined
3420:Humphrey
3405:Expander
3390:Atkinson
3325:Stoddard
3315:Stirling
3310:Ericsson
3270:External
3170:Stirling
3098:Fluidyne
3007:Archived
2872:"Motors"
2810:Archived
2770:Archived
2745:Archived
2695:Archived
2645:Archived
2607:(2001),
2582:, Book 1
2470:(1976).
2385:Archived
2341:"engine"
2313:"engine"
2272:"engine"
2219:Archived
2211:"Engine"
2190:Archived
2165:Archived
2139:Archived
2061:Flagella
1999:See also
1926:mufflers
1763:military
1698:bearings
1441:hydrogen
1429:nitrogen
1388:Scramjet
1339:Examples
1314:oxidiser
1268:oxidizer
1191:pressure
1010:aircraft
898:de Rivaz
778:Medieval
770:and the
752:Ausonius
633:windlass
577:chemical
547:rocketry
398:ingenium
322:nitrogen
301:fluorine
293:oxidizer
243:motion,
94:use the
4016:Engines
3983:Springs
3786:Turbine
3524:Siemens
3440:Scuderi
3356:Rankine
3108:Hot air
2963:Sources
2924:Bibcode
2327:"motor"
2299:"motor"
2244:"motor"
2135:"Motor"
1867:(rpm).
1674:winding
1618:battery
1310:oxidise
1264:burning
1199:pistons
949:from a
740:sluices
657:reduced
645:pulleys
629:capstan
607:), are
583:History
488:rockets
476:engines
341:alcohol
335:. If a
285:rockets
273:muscles
269:myosins
267:, like
128:machine
3852:Rudder
3692:Trompe
3627:Clocks
3602:Pulley
3430:Miller
3425:Lenoir
3400:Diesel
3346:Kalina
3330:Manson
3305:Carnot
3143:Rocket
3128:Piston
3041:Motors
2977:
2950:
2942:
2856:
2619:
2588:
2531:
2426:
1979:engine
1888:Torque
1883:Torque
1876:Thrust
1871:Thrust
1835:Hybrid
1829:liquid
1754:) and
1682:copper
1666:stator
1612:, and
1601:dynamo
1445:oxygen
1383:Ramjet
1318:rocket
1306:oxygen
1291:phases
1287:liquid
1243:. The
1207:nozzle
1025:and CO
986:, the
906:Carnot
815:conrod
738:, and
716:Strabo
705:horses
701:cattle
661:cranes
647:, and
526:engine
521:engine
472:thrust
464:torque
456:engine
437:engine
381:engine
275:, use
251:, and
222:thrust
206:piston
132:energy
120:engine
112:thrust
3944:Robot
3939:Mecha
3890:Diode
3664:pumps
3612:Wedge
3607:Screw
3597:Lever
3454:Mixed
2948:S2CID
2287:
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1899:Power
1894:Power
1859:Speed
1802:into
1690:steel
1686:rotor
1579:uses
1331:. In
1279:steam
1277:, or
1245:fluid
1237:fluid
1205:or a
1195:force
1116:Types
1076:bores
996:Honda
945:A V6
811:crank
784:gears
764:steam
744:gears
709:mills
673:mines
665:ships
641:ropes
605:lever
570:. An
566:into
564:fluid
541:, or
531:burns
517:Motor
504:motor
495:motor
468:force
394:Latin
389:engin
200:of a
134:into
126:is a
124:motor
3857:Flap
3847:Wing
3842:Sail
3687:Pump
3662:and
3466:HEHC
3435:Otto
2975:ISBN
2940:ISSN
2854:ISSN
2617:ISBN
2586:ISBN
2561:2014
2529:ISBN
2424:ISBN
1742:and
1591:and
1569:and
1253:work
1211:work
1169:The
1033:and
994:and
912:and
857:The
788:dams
762:and
760:wind
736:dams
703:and
695:and
679:and
599:and
597:club
519:and
510:moto
486:and
415:and
350:, a
259:use
247:use
202:fuel
190:heat
138:.
3113:Jet
2932:doi
2844:doi
1599:or
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1227:An
1201:or
992:BMW
683:in
667:in
635:or
601:oar
539:air
427:gin
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