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Air Force Research Laboratory

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942:(AMOS) are also operated by divisions of the Directed Energy Directorate in addition to their facilities at the Directorate's headquarters at Kirtland AFB. The Starfire Optical Range is used to research various topics of advanced tracking using lasers as well as studies of atmospheric physics which examines atmospheric effects which can distort laser beams. North Oscura Peak is used to research the various technologies necessary to facilitate successful tracking and destruction of an incoming missile via a laser and is used frequently for laser-based missile defense tests. AMOS provides space observation capabilities and computational resources to AFRL, the Department of Defense and other agencies of the US Government. 804: 152: 4296: 140: 903: 5949: 5885: 337:, on 31 October 1997 as a consolidation of four Air Force laboratory facilities (Wright, Phillips, Rome, and Armstrong) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under a unified command. The Laboratory is composed of eight technical directorates, one wing, and the Office of Scientific Research. Each technical directorate emphasizes a particular area of research within the AFRL mission which it specializes in performing experiments in conjunction with universities and contractors. 5043: 108: 4872: 1148: 757: 36: 911: 653: 4104: 1411: 2405: 673:
Division manages the financial resources and the Procurement Division provides an in-house contracting capability. The support divisions at any given location frequently work together to minimize overhead at any given research site. Each division is then further broken down into branches, roughly equivalent to a military
1301: 1120:, Florida, is to "develop, demonstrate and transition science and technology for air-launched munitions for defeating ground fixed, mobile/relocatable, air and space targets to assure pre-eminence of U.S. air and space forces." The current director of the Munitions Directorate is Colonel Woodrow "Tony" Meeks. 1183:
The Propulsion Directorate was formed through the merger of the aerospace propulsion section at Wright Laboratory and the space propulsion section at Phillips Laboratory. Each section, both before and after the merger, has played a significant role in past and present propulsion systems. Prior to the
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Going back as far as 1995, there were arguments that laser dazzlers could potentially cause permanent blindness in targets, and these same concerns were revived with the announcement of the PHaSR project, which is claimed to be a non-blinding laser weapon. Due to concerns that even low-powered lasers
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The mission of the Sensors Directorate, located at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, is to provide a full range of air and space sensors, networked to the warfighter, providing a complete and timely picture of the battlespace enabling precision targeting of the enemy and protection friendly air and space
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and typically has at least three support divisions in addition to its research divisions. The Operations and Integration Division provides the directorate with well-conceived and executed business computing, human resource management, and business development services while the Financial Management
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dedicated to leading the discovery, development, and integration of direct-energy based aerospace warfighting technologies, planning and executing the Air Force science and technology program, and providing warfighting capabilities to United States air, space, and cyberspace forces. It controls the
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Officials anticipate awarding up to three contracts for the project, where winners would compete for individual tasks of experiments and demonstrations that address technology, processes and other attributes of a reusable booster system, or RBS. Air Force officials envision an RBS that includes a
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Located at Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, AFRL Headquarters houses the commanders and staff for the laboratories (q.v.). Its primary responsibilities are leadership, policy and guidance; unifying the common objectives of the eight Technical Directorates, the 711th wing, and AFOSR. The staff functions
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for Fiscal Year 1996, Section 277. This section instructed the Department of Defense to produce a five-year plan for consolidation and restructuring of all defense laboratories. The currently existing laboratory structure was created in October 1997 through the consolidation of Phillips Laboratory
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program begun in 2007. This is an experimental, composite aircraft program with a goal of demonstrating the feasibility of the development of a cargo airframe constructed primary of light-weight composite materials. AFRL intends to gain X-plane designation for the program once flight tests begin.
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AFOSR's research is organized into four scientific directorates: the Engineering and Complex Systems Directorate; the Information and Networks Directorate; the Physical Sciences Directorate; and the Chemistry and Biological Sciences Directorate. Each directorate funds research activities that it
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The laboratory is divided into eight Technical Directorates, one wing, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) based on different areas of research. AFOSR is primarily a funding body for external research while the other directorates perform research in-house or under contract to
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The mission of the Space Vehicles Directorate is to develop and transition space technologies for more effective, more affordable warfighter missions. In addition to the Directorate headquarters at Kirtland AFB, New Mexico and an additional research facility at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, the
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The Air Vehicles Directorate, located at Wright-Patterson AFB, has the mission of developing technologies that support cost-effective and survivable aerospace vehicles capable of accurate and quick delivery of a variety of future weapons or cargo anywhere. The current director is Col Michael
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The Directorate has indirectly faced significant controversy over the HAARP project. While the project claims to be developed only for studying the effects of ionospheric disruption on communications, navigation, and power systems, many suspect it of being developed as a prototype for a
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Director of Science & Technology for budgetary purposes. Bowing to the constraints of a reduced budget and personnel, the Air Force merged the existing research laboratories into four "superlabs" in December 1990. During this same time period, the Air Force Systems Command and
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is composed of the AFRL military personnel at any given geographical location. For example, the personnel at Wright-Patterson AFB are all part of Detachment 1. Each detachment will typically also have a unit commander separate from the directorate and division structure.
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In 2009, it was reported that the Laboratory may face problems in the future as 40 percent of its workers are slated to retire over the next two decades, and since 1980, the United States has not produced enough science and engineering degrees to keep up with demand.
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In addition to serving as the Air Force's Center of Excellence for high power microwave technology, the Directed Energy Directorate is also the Department of Defense's Center of Expertise for laser development of all types. The current director is Susan Thornton.
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include Public Relations, Strategic Communication, Business Outreach, Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Execution (PPBE), Technology Transition, Transformation, Contracting and a High-Performance Computing Center. HQ also includes the
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reusable rocket and an expendable upper stage rocket. The reusable rocket would be launched vertically and return, landing aircraft style on a runway, after carrying the space craft to a point where the expendable rocket could take over.
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With the merger of the laboratories into a single entity, the history offices at each site ceased to maintain independent histories and all history functions were transferred to a central History Office located at AFRL HQ at
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is of greater import now than ever, and 711th's WB4 'whole-body scanner' enables swift and accurate acquisition of anthropometric data which may be used to design pilot equipment with a better fit for comfort and safety.
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research. The current director is Col David Goldstein. The Battlespace Environment Division formerly located at Hanscom AFB moved to a new Research lab facility at Kirtland AFB in 2011–2012 as directed under the Defense
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In 2020, the Space Vehicles Directorate announced the creation of a new Deployable Structures Laboratory (DeSel) focused on developing high-strength materials and satellite structures at Kirtland Air Force Base.
5014: 4266: 722:, invests in basic research efforts for the Air Force by funding investigation in relevant scientific areas. This work is performed in cooperation with private industry, academia, and other organizations in the 1284:(ISIS) project managed by DARPA which is a project to develop a missile tracking airship. In June 2008, the Air Force announced that scientists working for the Sensors Directorate had demonstrated transparent 1292:, focal plane arrays; high-speed microwave devices and circuits for telecommunications and radar transceivers; and semi-transparent, touch-sensitive screens for emerging multi-touch interface technologies." 7096: 629:. In homage to the predecessor laboratories, the new organization named four of the research sites after the laboratories and assured that each laboratory's history would be preserved as inactivated units. 1026:. In its vision statement, the wing includes the goals of improving aerospace medicine, science and technology, and human systems integration. The current Commander of the 711th is Brig. Gen. Timothy Jex. 4551: 4539: 1013:
In March 2008, AFRL's Human Effectiveness Directorate located at Wright-Patterson AFB was merged with the Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine and the Human Performance Integration Directorate from the
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The Information Directorate has contributed research to a number of technologies which have been deployed in the field. These projects include collaboration with other agencies in the development of
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the Air Force Cambridge Research Center (AFCRC) recently developed methods for digital transmission of data over telephone lines Digital Radar Relay (DRR) The DRR research, begun just after
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gunship. Microwave technologies are being advanced for use against both electronics and personnel. One example of an anti-personnel microwave project is the "less-than-lethal"
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While the initial consolidation of Air Force laboratories reduced overhead and budgetary pressure, another push towards a unified laboratory structure came in the form of the
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One practical application of its work is ensuring and advancing the safety of ejection systems for pilots. With the increasing number of females in the Air Force ranks,
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proposed that all tactical laser weapons should be scrapped and research stopped by all interested governments. The Active Denial System has also been the target of
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began a period of budgetary and personnel reductions within the armed forces in preparation for a "stand-down" transition out of readiness for a global war with the
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type of weapon system. Still others are more concerned with the environmental impact to migratory birds of beaming thousands of watts of power into the atmosphere.
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launch vehicle. The space propulsion area also develops technologies for use in satellites on-orbit to alter their orbits. An AFRL-developed experimental
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In 1945, the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories were established. These laboratories were active from 1945 to 2011, following consolidation to
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doors on the F-22. In 2008, the Air Force announced that the Directorate had developed a method of using fabric made of fiber optic material in a
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for Nanosat-2. As of July 2008, only the 3CS spacecraft has launched, however FASTRAC has a launch tentatively scheduled for December 2009.
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AFOSR also maintains three foreign technology offices located in London, UK (the European Office of Aerospace Research & Development),
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stealth fighter which will result in an estimated savings of 35% of the cost while also improving the durability. In collaboration with
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systems and their components to improve Air Force capabilities in these areas. The current director is Mr. Darrell K. Phillipson.
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Since the Laboratory's formation in 1997, it has conducted numerous experiments and technical demonstrations in conjunction with
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The mission of the Information Directorate, located at the Rome Research Site on the Griffiss Business and Technology Park in
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which is a key aspect of theater command and control for combat commanders. The Directorate also collaborated with the
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In 2012, the Air Vehicles Directorate merged with the Propulsion Directorate to become Aerospace Systems Directorate.
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The divisions formerly located at Hanscom AFB and Rome Research Site moved to Wright-Patterson AFB under the Defense
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In 2003, the Directorate announced a new manufacturing method for use producing the turbine exhaust casing for the
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rocket. The facilities for testing rockets are frequently used for testing new rocket engines including the
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was completed to help the Laboratory, private companies, and local academics collaborate on the research of
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Federal Systems and is now used on nearly 200 satellites and robotic spacecraft, including on the twin
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as well as, less directly, a United Nations special rapporteur as being a potential weapon of torture.
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which could reach anywhere on the globe in an hour. In January 2008, the Directorate used a modified
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in Iraq and took only 17 days from concept to first deployment. The Directorate also developed the
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entire Air Force science and technology research budget which was $ 2.4 billion in 2006.
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to research ways to make more efficient use of the wing surface during high-speed maneuvers.
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flight demonstration vehicle. The Air Vehicles Directorate also collaborated with NASA and
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demonstration vehicle. The X-51 program is working to develop a flight demonstrator for a
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The path to a consolidated Air Force Research Laboratory began with the passage of the
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Research areas range from experimental rocket propulsion to developing the first ever
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type aircraft. The X-24 was one of a series of experimental aircraft, including the
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National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research
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is also jointly operated by the Space Vehicles Directorate as well as DARPA, the
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The Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, located at Wright-Patterson AFB and
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could successfully power flight. That aircraft has now been transferred to the
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The mission of the Propulsion Directorate, located at Wright-Patterson AFB and
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The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America
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Superimposed on the overall AFRL structure are the eight detachments. Each
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Formation Autonomy Spacecraft with Thrust, Relnav, Attitude, and Crosslink
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Scientific research organization for the US Air Force and US Space Force
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Science and technology: the making of the Air Force Research Laboratory
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and was the largest non-nuclear air-delivered munitions at that time.
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Another recent project managed by the Air Vehicles Directorate is the
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believes will enable the technological superiority of the Air Force.
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communications for a Digital Radar Relay in 1949. Created by General
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by NASA, the Air Force worked on the development and testing of the
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Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development
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The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), located in
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from the original on 16 June 2009 – via The Boston Globe.
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merged to form Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) in July 1992.
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Networking and Information Technology Research and Development
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The Rise and Fall of Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories
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Department of Defense Inspector General (28 September 2007).
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Directed Energy projects typically fall into two categories:
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which was designed to streamline the use of resources by the
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Electronics Technology Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH
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United States Army Medical Research and Development Command
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which is managed by the NRL's Center for Space Technology.
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systems development organization which developed telephone
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Food and Drug Administration science and research programs
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Angels Don't Play This HAARP: Advances in Tesla Technology
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demonstrator project to mount a COIL system in a tactical
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Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
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Notable projects which have been made public include the
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as the winner. Previous winners of the competition were
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which was deployed during the 2003 invasion of Iraq for
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dazzler, to powerful missile defense lasers such as the
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Harrington, John V. (1983). "Radar Data Transmission".
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Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
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Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center
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Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
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Principi, Anthony J.; et al. (8 September 2005).
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Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH
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Research installations of the United States Air Force
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity
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United States Forest Service Research and Development
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Smithsonian Institution research centers and programs
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House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
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and served as program manager for the development of
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The Directorate has contributed significantly to the
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The mission of the Munitions Directorate, located at
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Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing observatory
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Flight Dynamics Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH
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Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
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Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (
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Air Force Laboratories Before and After 1990 Merger
64:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a 7179: 7147: 7106: 7087: 7068: 7038: 7014: 6995: 6970: 6920: 6890: 6865: 6838: 6819: 6764: 6686: 6657: 6585: 6576: 6551: 6514: 6472: 6387: 6325: 6289: 6248: 6191: 6125: 6093: 6042: 6024: 6009: 5986: 5963: 5956: 5895: 5815: 5767: 5704: 5654: 5633: 5592: 5585: 5555: 5276: 5147: 5111: 5059: 5050: 5002: 4925: 4746: 4708: 4592: 4427: 4369: 4343: 4312: 4303: 4175: 1484:
List of Commanders of Air Force Research Laboratory
1127:"bunker-buster" bomb which debuted during the 1991 634:
National Advanced Air Mobility Center of Excellence
291: 281: 271: 259: 254: 244: 234: 191: 181: 171: 163: 133: 125: 117: 100: 4262:House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces 1424:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 664:A directorate is roughly equivalent to a military 7157:House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 7048:Research and Innovative Technology Administration 5965:Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center 2179:. AFRL Space Vehicles Directorate. Archived from 1583:United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory 768:The Directorate has previously collaborated with 6810:Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center 6500:Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity 5838:Space Training and Readiness Delta (Provisional) 3703:"Students' satellites win right to space flight" 3419:"AFRL Awards ISIS Contracts To Northrop Grumman" 2947:Haddad, Darren; et al. (13 February 2002). 2313:"U.S. Air Force Pushes For Orbital Test Vehicle" 2151:"Factsheets : AFOSR : About – Mission" 6567:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 3794:. University of Texas at Austin. Archived from 3610:Raymond, Col Jay; et al. (26 April 2005). 1816:. 99th Congress, Second Session. Archived from 1689:"Pentagon fears technology edge may be eroding" 6561:National Institute of Standards and Technology 6137:National Museum of the United States Air Force 3848:. Adventures Unlimited Press. pp. 21–22. 3612:"A TacSat Update and the ORS/JWS Standard Bus" 3170:California Space Authority (14 January 2004). 2802:"$ 230M of construction headed to Wright-Patt" 1315:High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program 1262:assets and its core technology areas include: 668:. Each directorate is composed of a number of 525:Material Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 503:Avionics Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 356:, and other research organizations within the 6488:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 6444: 6167: 5868: 4903: 4153: 3573:Doyne, Col Tom; et al. (23 April 2007). 1773:(Edwards footnote 55 cites Harrington p. 370) 1055:Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System 776:project to research concepts associated with 8: 6986:Coast Guard Research and Development Center 6593:Army Combat Capabilities Development Command 5124:United States Space Forces Europe and Africa 3907:Freedberg, Sydney J. Jr. (3 November 2020). 3845:HAARP: The Ultimate Weapon of The Conspiracy 3172:"Huge Rocket Component Test Stand Completed" 2843: 2841: 2367:"Prototype plane uses composites in new way" 1628: 1626: 1624: 826:The Directorate is also a collaborator with 410:2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission 6961:Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation 3544:"Experimental Satellite System 11 (XSS-11)" 3518:"Software on Mars rovers 'space qualified'" 3379: 3377: 1949:United States Congress (10 February 1996). 1635:"Factsheets: Air Force Research Laboratory" 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1216:satellite in 1999 as part of the Air Force 556:Human Resources Laboratory, Brooks AFB, TX 6949:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 6582: 6530:National Institute of Food and Agriculture 6451: 6437: 6429: 6174: 6160: 6152: 6129: 5960: 5875: 5861: 5853: 5812: 5589: 5056: 4999: 4910: 4896: 4888: 4309: 4160: 4146: 4138: 3878:"Scientific Tool or Weapon of Conspiracy?" 3115:"GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb" 447:. In addition to this Act, the end of the 6846:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 3962:"Lieutenant General Robert D. Mcmurry Jr" 498:Astronautics Laboratory, Edwards AFB, CA 84:Learn how and when to remove this message 6906:Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy 6648:Engineer Research and Development Center 4965:Chief Master Sergeant of the Space Force 2615: 2613: 1133:GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb 575:Drug Testing Laboratory, Brooks AFB, TX 466: 7118:Office of Science and Technology Policy 6735:Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance 6665:Marine Corps Combat Development Command 5129:United States Space Forces Indo-Pacific 2919:"AFRL Information Directorate Overview" 2622:"US military sets laser PHASRs to stun" 2214:Wingless Flight: The Lifting Body Story 1809:United States Congress (8 April 1986). 1710:Altshuler, Edward E. (2 January 2013). 1664:. Department of Defense. Archived from 1600: 1589:United States Naval Research Laboratory 1565:Marine Corps Combat Development Command 1200:rocket engine developed for use on the 1069:Materials and Manufacturing Directorate 811:In 2002, the Directorate initiated the 714:Air Force Office of Scientific Research 493:Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA 7055:Research, Engineering, and Development 6792:Air Force Life Cycle Management Center 6113:Arnold Engineering Development Complex 5988:Air Force Life Cycle Management Center 4356:Operational Test and Evaluation Center 4220:Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force 4125:Air Force Research Laboratory Homepage 3759:Spires, Shelby G. (11 December 2004). 3141:"Biographies : DOUGLAS L. BOWERS" 2519:"Biographies : SUSAN J. THORNTON" 1577:United States Army Research Laboratory 1446:(FASTRAC) for Nanosat-3 and the joint 1223:The Directorate currently manages the 112:Air Force Research Laboratory – Emblem 97: 45:contains content that is written like 7225:Military units and formations in Ohio 6755:Operational Test and Evaluation Force 4054:from the original on 19 December 2013 3817:Begich, Nick; Manning, Jeane (1995). 2690:from the original on 28 February 2008 2398:"Skunk Works' Cargo X-Plane Complete" 2261:from the original on 5 September 2008 1868:from the original on 27 February 2009 1385:Operationally Responsive Space Office 1253:at Wright-Patterson AFB for display. 1251:National Museum of the U.S. Air Force 481:Weapons Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM 7: 7235:United States Air Force organization 6743:Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake 5096:Space Training and Readiness Command 3934:"Major General William N. Mccasland" 3619:3rd AIAA Responsive Space Conference 3582:5th AIAA Responsive Space Conference 3516:Fordahl, Matthew (23 January 2004). 2828:"Biographies : THOMAS S. WELLS" 744:AFOSR is one of the sponsors of the 530:Aero Propulsion and Power Laboratory 7124:U.S. Global Change Research Program 6671:Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory 6085:Warner Robins Air Logistics Complex 6080:Oklahoma City Air Logistics Complex 3701:Torres, Juliana (21 January 2005). 3398:from the original on 9 January 2009 3057:"Clothing IDs Friends for Military" 2590:Federation of American Scientists. 2434:. 20 September 2010. Archived from 2311:David, Leonard (17 November 2006). 1151:RS-68 rocket engine test firing at 1106:friend or foe identification system 815:program in cooperation with NASA's 537:Armament Laboratory, Eglin AFB, FL 414:Air Force Cambridge Research Center 7136:National Nanotechnology Initiative 6980:Science and Technology Directorate 6496:Office of Research and Development 6186:(AFRL) spacecraft and air vehicles 6070:635th Supply Chain Operations Wing 6065:448th Supply Chain Management Wing 5802:Air & Space Forces Association 5139:United States Space Forces – Space 5119:United States Space Forces Central 5022:Senate Committee on Armed Services 4857:Air & Space Forces Association 4274:Senate Committee on Armed Services 4069:Annals of the History of Computing 4004:"Major General Heather L. Pringle" 3948:"Major General Thomas J. Masiello" 3649:"University Nanosatellite Program" 3524:from the original on 30 April 2006 3063:. Associated Press. Archived from 3055:Hannah, James (20 February 2008). 3028:Lamberton, Lance (28 April 1998). 2709:Hooper, Duncan (26 January 2007). 2632:from the original on 18 April 2008 2469:from the original on 25 March 2011 2408:from the original on 22 March 2012 2280:David, Leonard (26 January 2006). 2177:"University Nanosatellite Program" 1336:Base Realignment and Closure, 2005 1329:(NRL) and universities to conduct 1275:Base Realignment and Closure, 2005 1100:composite material for use in the 590:National Defense Authorization Act 582:Health Laboratory, Brooks AFB, TX 25: 7030:FBI Science and Technology Branch 6804:Air Force Institute of Technology 6461:research and development agencies 5573:Space Warfighting Analysis Center 4975:Deputy Chiefs of Space Operations 3976:"Major General William T. Cooley" 3888:from the original on 15 July 2008 3771:from the original on 17 June 2008 3761:"Delta IV readyfor liftoff today" 3682:from the original on 19 July 2008 3425:from the original on 17 June 2009 3312:from the original on 29 June 2008 3178:from the original on 18 June 2009 3121:from the original on 19 July 2008 3032:. Lockheed Martin. Archived from 3009:from the original on 11 July 2008 2961:from the original on 15 July 2006 2808:from the original on 14 June 2008 2751:from the original on 11 July 2008 2659:from the original on 10 July 2008 2571:from the original on 11 July 2008 2323:from the original on 24 July 2008 1953:. 104th Congress, Second Session. 1452:University of Colorado at Boulder 1167:lithium-ion main aircraft battery 870:Advanced Composite Cargo Aircraft 434:Semi-Automatic Ground Environment 6798:Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center 6011:Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center 5978:Air Force Security Forces Center 5947: 5883: 5134:United States Space Forces Korea 5041: 4943:Under Secretary of the Air Force 4871: 4870: 4769:Division of Military Aeronautics 4294: 4193:Under Secretary of the Air Force 4107: This article incorporates 4102: 3732:NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 3452:from the original on 22 May 2009 3444:Lachance, Molly (19 June 2008). 3277:Shachtman, Noah (January 2007). 3094:from the original on 9 July 2008 2883:from the original on 6 July 2008 2782:from the original on 3 June 2008 2770:Wright, Steve (5 October 2006). 2747:. Human Rights Watch. May 1995. 2620:Knight, Will (7 November 2005). 2598:from the original on 8 July 2008 2592:"Air Force Maui Optical Station" 2396:Warwick, Graham (6 March 2009). 2365:Welch, William (21 March 2008). 2292:from the original on 6 July 2008 1420:University Nanosatellite Program 1379:satellite demonstrator received 1180:is located east of Rogers Lake. 832:Space and Missile Systems Center 746:University Nanosatellite Program 412:. The labs were founded as the 150: 138: 106: 34: 7240:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base 7167:Office of Technology Assessment 7053:Federal Aviation Administration 7005:United States Geological Survey 6875:Institute of Education Sciences 6494:Environmental Protection Agency 5973:Air Force Civil Engineer Center 5568:Space Rapid Capabilities Office 3990:"Major General Evan C. Dertien" 3842:Smith, Jerry E. (August 1998). 3790:Clark, Stephen (26 June 2008). 2745:Human Rights Watch Arms Project 2544:from the original on 2 May 2008 2377:from the original on 3 May 2009 2195:"Air Force Research Laboratory" 1428:Space Development and Test Wing 1245:aircraft to demonstrate that a 1227:program, which is developing a 807:Artist's rendition of the X-37. 704:Air Force Global Strike Command 620:Predecessor emblems of the AFRL 428:in 1945, AFCRC participated in 402:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base 360:. Notable projects include the 327:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base 197:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base 7059:Federal Highway Administration 5742:Reserve Officer Training Corps 5010:House Armed Services Committee 4960:Vice Chief of Space Operations 4680:Reserve Officer Training Corps 4637:Judge Advocate General's Corps 4279:Senate Subcommittee on Airland 4257:House Armed Services Committee 3674:Staff Writers (4 April 2007). 3550:. October 2005. Archived from 3157: 2954:. Office of Justice Programs. 2087: 2075: 2063: 1999: 1987: 1975: 1963: 1936: 1898: 1886: 1687:Bender, Bryan (13 June 2009). 1282:Integrated Sensor is Structure 605:, and Armstrong Laboratory in 580:Occupational and Environmental 266:Brig. Gen. Jason E. Bartolomei 1: 7210:Air Force Research Laboratory 7024:National Institute of Justice 6932:National Institutes of Health 6784:Air Force Research Laboratory 6708:Naval Medical Research Center 6524:Agricultural Research Service 6184:Air Force Research Laboratory 6026:Air Force Research Laboratory 5027:Strategic Forces subcommittee 5015:Strategic Forces subcommittee 4828:Women Airforce Service Pilots 3417:Staff Writers (22 May 2006). 3197:Skeen, Jim (13 August 2001). 2904:"Colonel Timothy J. Lawrence" 2772:"Targeting the pain business" 2741:"U.S. Blinding Laser Weapons" 2536:Miller, Paul (28 June 2006). 1440:University of Texas at Austin 1426:(AIAA), AFOSR, AFRL, and the 1375:. In November 2005, the AFRL 887:program was initiated by the 817:Dryden Flight Research Center 325:The Laboratory was formed at 308:Air Force Research Laboratory 101:Air Force Research Laboratory 7078:Office of Financial Research 6043:Air Force Sustainment Center 6034:711th Human Performance Wing 5362:3rd satellite Communications 4017:Gnau, Jason (25 June 2024). 3876:Streep, Abe (18 June 2008). 2984:"AFRL Munitions Directorate" 2432:RLV and Space Transport News 1268:automatic target recognition 1176:bomber. At Edwards AFB, the 1024:711th Human Performance Wing 1009:711th Human Performance Wing 967:chemical oxygen iodine laser 863:X-40A Space Maneuver Vehicle 861:and the 80% scaled version, 857:on the initial work for the 846:program, which includes the 836:Sandia National Laboratories 813:X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing 568:Harry G. Armstrong Aerospace 18:Air Force Weapons Laboratory 6636:Test and Evaluation Command 6482:National Science Foundation 6075:Ogden Air Logistics Complex 4933:Department of the Air Force 4183:Department of the Air Force 2848:US Air Force (March 1999). 2678:Adams, Eric (1 June 2004). 2236: 2212:Reed, R. Dale (June 1997). 1528:, January 2020 – June 2020. 1493:, February 2010 – May 2011. 1460:New Mexico State University 1094:Lockheed Martin Aeronautics 997:could cause blindness, the 898:Directed Energy Directorate 696:Center for Rapid Innovation 542:Rome Air Development Center 462:Air Force Logistics Command 7256: 6772:Air Force Materiel Command 6389:Tactical Satellite Program 6249:University Nanosat Program 5889:Air Force Materiel Command 4938:Secretary of the Air Force 4188:Secretary of the Air Force 2457:Cogliano (22 March 2011). 1521:, May 2017 – January 2020. 1481: 1389:Tactical Satellite Program 1296:Space Vehicles Directorate 859:X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle 840:Space Vehicles Directorate 386:Tactical Satellite Program 186:Air Force Materiel Command 6749:Naval Postgraduate School 6700:Naval Research Laboratory 6536:Economic Research Service 6132: 5945: 5039: 4955:Chief of Space Operations 4919:United States Space Force 4865: 4530: 4292: 3223:Boeing (6 January 1999). 2680:"Advanced Tactical Laser" 1327:Naval Research Laboratory 936:White Sands Missile Range 914:A US dazzler style weapon 558: 532:Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 505: 483: 457:Air Force Systems Command 158:United States Space Force 105: 6694:Office of Naval Research 6599:Army Research Laboratory 6326:Technology demonstrators 6290:Space weather satellites 5563:Space Development Agency 5522:17th Test and Evaluation 5112:Component Field Commands 5072:Space Operations Command 4690:Airman Leadership School 4492:Thirteenth Expeditionary 4330:Field Operating Agencies 3734:"Three Corner Satellite" 2342:AFRL (22 January 2007). 2128:"AFOSR – Research Areas" 1842:Duffner, Robert (2000). 1735:Edwards, Paul N (1996). 1571:Office of Naval Research 1456:Arizona State University 1323:Office of Naval Research 1208:Space Experiment (ESEX) 1016:311th Human Systems Wing 752:Air Vehicles Directorate 292:Chief Technology Officer 167:Research and development 7189:Federal Judicial Center 7061:Research and Technology 6192:Launch/orbital vehicles 5816:Former wings and deltas 5807:Space Force Association 5752:Basic Military Training 5747:Officer Training School 5517:3rd Test and Evaluation 5512:1st Test and Evaluation 5329:20th Space Surveillance 5314:15th Space Surveillance 5309:21st Operations Support 4675:Officer Training School 4169:United States Air Force 4113:United States Air Force 4081:10.1109/mahc.1983.10100 3336:ONE AFRL / TWO SERVICES 2711:"US unveils 'heat gun'" 2463:Dayton Business Journal 2255:Boeing Frontiers Online 1542:, June 2023 – July 2024 1535:, June 2020 – June 2023 1507:, July 2013 – May 2016. 1500:, May 2011 – July 2013. 1414:TacSat-3 computer model 1361:Mars Exploration Rovers 1247:pulse detonation engine 1178:Directorate's test area 1137:Operation Iraqi Freedom 1061:performing research on 1038:Information Directorate 979:Advanced Tactical Laser 973:project now led by the 885:Reusable Booster System 726:and AFRL Directorates. 700:Air Force Space Command 597:, Wright Laboratory in 595:Albuquerque, New Mexico 406:Kirtland Air Force Base 382:Advanced Tactical Laser 316:United States Air Force 146:United States Air Force 6713:Naval Warfare Centers 6463:of the United States ( 6231:Space Maneuver Vehicle 5719:Awards and decorations 5556:Direct reporting units 4718:Awards and decorations 4351:District of Washington 4344:Direct Reporting Units 4109:public domain material 3736:. NASA. Archived from 3651:. AFRL. Archived from 3471:University of Alaska. 3250:Boeing (1 June 2007). 3203:Los Angeles Daily News 3117:. GlobalSecurity.org. 3090:. GlobalSecurity.org. 3005:. GlobalSecurity.org. 2921:. AFRL. Archived from 2852:. AFRL. Archived from 2655:. GlobalSecurity.org. 2567:. GlobalSecurity.org. 2153:. AFRL. Archived from 1637:. AFRL. Archived from 1514:, May 2016 – May 2017. 1415: 1309: 1160:Edwards Air Force Base 1155: 1153:Edwards Air Force Base 1143:Propulsion Directorate 975:Missile Defense Agency 924:Starfire Optical Range 915: 907: 808: 761: 657: 621: 296:Dr. Timothy J. Bunning 6912:National Laboratories 6829:Space Systems Command 6613:CCDC Armaments Center 6095:Air Force Test Center 5507:527th Space Aggressor 5502:53rd Space Operations 5497:10th Space Operations 5417:23rd Space Operations 5412:22nd Space Operations 5407:21st Space Operations 5289:319th Combat Training 5248:Space Launch Delta 45 5243:Space Launch Delta 30 5084:Space Systems Command 5067:Space Futures Command 4761:Aeronautical Division 4130:22 March 2014 at the 3289:on 19 September 2008. 3088:"Guided Bomb Unit-28" 1549:, July 2024 – present 1512:Robert D. McMurry Jr. 1450:(3CS) project by the 1413: 1349:single board computer 1317:(HAARP) located near 1303: 1150: 1112:Munitions Directorate 1063:voice stress analysis 1059:Department of Justice 1003:Amnesty International 913: 905: 830:, the U.S. Air Force 806: 760:Martin Marietta X-24B 759: 724:Department of Defense 655: 619: 510:Wright-Patterson AFB 445:Department of Defense 441:Goldwater–Nichols Act 358:Department of Defense 350:National Laboratories 276:Col. Milko R. Padilla 219:39.82306°N 84.04944°W 66:neutral point of view 6223:Orbital Test Vehicle 5655:Space Force Stations 5542:1st Range Operations 5492:4th Space Operations 5487:3rd Space Operations 5482:2nd Space Operations 5477:1st Space Operations 5402:55th Combat Training 5299:392d Combat Training 5284:1st Delta Operations 4632:Aeronautical ratings 4231:Three-star generals 3821:. Earthpulse Press. 3765:The Huntsville Times 3520:. Associated Press. 3113:GlobalSecurity.org. 3086:GlobalSecurity.org. 3001:GlobalSecurity.org. 2717:. UK. Archived from 2651:GlobalSecurity.org. 2563:GlobalSecurity.org. 1911:Gaffney, Timothy R. 1823:on 10 September 2006 1498:William N. McCasland 1491:Ellen M. Pawlikowski 1022:, Texas to form the 991:Active Denial System 961:and the more recent 821:Boeing Phantom Works 708:Air Mobility Command 627:Wright-Patterson AFB 560:Armstrong Laboratory 346:Department of Energy 286:Mr. Timothy Sakulich 121:October 1997–present 6778:Air Armament Center 5996:66th Air Base Group 5334:3rd Combat Training 4992:Lieutenant Generals 4429:Numbered Air Forces 4210:Vice Chief of Staff 4043:Liebowitz, Ruth P. 3740:on 18 February 2013 3591:on 27 February 2009 3554:on 12 December 2006 2928:on 27 February 2009 2804:. 30 January 2008. 2715:The Daily Telegraph 2019:. 19 September 2023 1752:on 27 December 2005 1547:Jason E. Bartolomei 1257:Sensors Directorate 1206:Electric Propulsion 969:(COIL) used in the 720:Arlington, Virginia 661:external entities. 485:Phillips Laboratory 469: 430:Project Space Track 224:39.82306; -84.04944 215: /  58:promotional content 7215:Ballston, Virginia 7149:Legislative branch 6629:Watervliet Arsenal 6624:Benét Laboratories 6060:78th Air Base Wing 6055:75th Air Base Wing 6050:72nd Air Base Wing 6001:88th Air Base Wing 5397:13th Space Warning 5392:12th Space Warning 5387:11th Space Warning 5382:10th Space Warning 5324:19th Space Defense 5319:18th Space Defense 5268:Space Base Delta 3 5263:Space Base Delta 2 5258:Space Base Delta 1 4787:The U.S. Air Force 4700:Fitness Assessment 4657:Chief of Chaplains 4576:Civilian auxiliary 4325:Air National Guard 4227:Four-star generals 3473:"HAARP Fact Sheet" 1668:on 10 January 2009 1533:Heather L. Pringle 1505:Thomas J. Masiello 1478:List of commanders 1448:3 Corner Satellite 1432:Cornell University 1416: 1351:, now produced by 1346:radiation hardened 1310: 1218:Space Test Program 1192:used to power the 1156: 999:Human Rights Watch 916: 908: 809: 762: 658: 622: 467: 282:Executive Director 60:and inappropriate 7197: 7196: 6972:Homeland Security 6900:Office of Science 6861: 6860: 6619:Picatinny Arsenal 6426: 6425: 6375: 6357: 6217: 6206: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6121: 6120: 5850: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5700: 5699: 5677:Cheyenne Mountain 5593:Space Force Bases 5581: 5580: 5377:7th Space Warning 5372:6th Space Warning 5367:5th Space Warning 5357:2nd Space Warning 5037: 5036: 4970:Director of Staff 4885: 4884: 4670:Air Force Academy 4588: 4587: 4215:Director of Staff 4024:Dayton Daily News 3479:on 7 October 2009 3300:Warwick, Graham. 3283:Popular Mechanics 3067:on 8 January 2016 2045:. 9 February 2024 1917:Dayton Daily News 1790:on 6 October 2014 1737:"Chapter 3: SAGE" 1519:William T. Cooley 1240:Scaled Composites 1212:was flown on the 1190:F-1 rocket engine 932:North Oscura Peak 848:HTV-3X Blackswift 689:Headquarters AFRL 611:Commander of AFRL 593:headquartered in 586: 585: 551:Griffiss AFB, NY 544:Griffiss AFB, NY 507:Wright Laboratory 301: 300: 94: 93: 86: 16:(Redirected from 7247: 7220:Military in Ohio 7110:of the President 7108:Executive Office 7089:Veterans Affairs 6583: 6453: 6446: 6439: 6430: 6373: 6355: 6215: 6204: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6153: 6130: 5961: 5951: 5938:Wright-Patterson 5887: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5854: 5833:460th Space Wing 5813: 5590: 5537:5th Space Launch 5532:2nd Space Launch 5527:25th Space Range 5447:645th Cyberspace 5057: 5045: 5044: 5000: 4982:General Officers 4912: 4905: 4898: 4889: 4874: 4873: 4773:Army Air Service 4765:Aviation Section 4580:Civil Air Patrol 4310: 4298: 4297: 4162: 4155: 4148: 4139: 4106: 4105: 4092: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4049: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3913:Breaking Defense 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3709:. 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Archived from 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2988:www.eglin.af.mil 2980: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2960: 2953: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2927: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2902:U.S. Air Force. 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2845: 2836: 2835: 2834:on 13 June 2009. 2830:. Archived from 2824: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2653:"Airborne Laser" 2648: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2617: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2525:on 16 June 2009. 2521:. Archived from 2515: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2495:. Archived from 2489: 2483: 2482: 2476: 2474: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2199:www.wpafb.af.mil 2191: 2185: 2184: 2183:on 13 June 2008. 2173: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2043:Composites World 2035: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1867: 1850: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1822: 1815: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1786:. Archived from 1780: 1774: 1772: 1759: 1757: 1751: 1732: 1726: 1725: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1630: 1129:Persian Gulf War 1020:Brooks City-Base 1018:both located at 959:Somali Civil War 470: 319:Materiel Command 230: 229: 227: 226: 225: 220: 216: 213: 212: 211: 208: 199: 156: 154: 153: 144: 142: 141: 110: 98: 89: 82: 78: 75: 69: 47:an advertisement 38: 37: 30: 21: 7255: 7254: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7244: 7200: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7181:Judicial branch 7175: 7143: 7132:Program (NITRD) 7109: 7102: 7083: 7064: 7034: 7010: 6991: 6966: 6923: 6916: 6886: 6857: 6834: 6815: 6760: 6682: 6653: 6572: 6547: 6510: 6474: 6468: 6457: 6427: 6422: 6383: 6321: 6285: 6244: 6187: 6180: 6150: 6141: 6117: 6108:412th Test Wing 6089: 6038: 6020: 6005: 5982: 5952: 5943: 5891: 5881: 5851: 5842: 5828:50th Space Wing 5823:21st Space Wing 5811: 5769: 5763: 5706: 5696: 5650: 5629: 5577: 5551: 5443:69th Cyberspace 5438:68th Cyberspace 5433:65th Cyberspace 5428:64th Cyberspace 5424:63rd Cyberspace 5421:62nd Cyberspace 5272: 5143: 5107: 5046: 5042: 5033: 4998: 4921: 4916: 4886: 4881: 4861: 4852:Service numbers 4823:National Museum 4781:Army Air Forces 4748: 4742: 4710: 4704: 4662:Chief Scientist 4652:Medical Service 4647:Security Forces 4594: 4584: 4569:Security Forces 4526: 4423: 4365: 4339: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4171: 4166: 4132:Wayback Machine 4121: 4103: 4066: 4057: 4055: 4047: 4042: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3882:Popular Science 3875: 3874: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3816: 3815: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3798:on 18 June 2009 3789: 3788: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3743: 3741: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3716: 3714: 3713:on 18 June 2009 3707:The Daily Texan 3700: 3699: 3695: 3685: 3683: 3678:. Space Daily. 3673: 3672: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3655:on 13 June 2008 3646: 3645: 3641: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3614: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3548:Popular Science 3542: 3541: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3505:on 4 July 2007. 3497: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3421:. Space Daily. 3416: 3415: 3411: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3383: 3382: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3357:"AMANDA GENTRY" 3355: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3258:on 11 June 2008 3249: 3248: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3231:on 11 June 2008 3222: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3181: 3179: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3039: 3037: 3036:on 19 June 2009 3027: 3026: 3022: 3012: 3010: 3000: 2999: 2995: 2982: 2981: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2856:on 18 June 2009 2847: 2846: 2839: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2811: 2809: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2785: 2783: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2721:on 15 June 2008 2708: 2707: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2684:Popular Science 2677: 2676: 2672: 2662: 2660: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2619: 2618: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2502: 2500: 2499:on 9 March 2013 2491: 2490: 2486: 2472: 2470: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2438:on 24 July 2011 2426: 2425: 2421: 2411: 2409: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2380: 2378: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2326: 2324: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2295: 2293: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2264: 2262: 2249:Cole, William. 2248: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2231: 2224: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2160: 2158: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2133: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2110: 2108: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2086: 2082: 2074: 2070: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2046: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2022: 2020: 2011: 2010: 2006: 1998: 1994: 1986: 1982: 1974: 1970: 1962: 1958: 1948: 1947: 1943: 1935: 1931: 1921: 1919: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1897: 1893: 1885: 1881: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1848: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1813: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1793: 1791: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1722: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1671: 1669: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1644: 1642: 1641:on 11 June 2008 1632: 1631: 1602: 1598: 1556: 1486: 1480: 1381:Popular Science 1298: 1259: 1184:development of 1169:for use in the 1145: 1114: 1086:F119 jet engine 1071: 1040: 1011: 906:YAL-1 in flight 900: 754: 739:Santiago, Chile 716: 691: 650: 581: 569: 563:Brooks AFB, TX 562: 550: 548:Rome Laboratory 543: 531: 509: 487: 426:Henry H. Arnold 398: 304: 249:www.afrl.af.mil 223: 221: 217: 214: 209: 206: 204: 202: 201: 200: 195: 176: 151: 149: 148: 139: 137: 113: 90: 79: 73: 70: 51: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7253: 7251: 7243: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7202: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7185: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7173: 7164: 7159: 7153: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7141: 7140: 7139: 7133: 7127: 7114: 7112: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7093: 7091: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7074: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7062: 7056: 7050: 7044: 7042: 7040:Transportation 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7020: 7018: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7001: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6983: 6976: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6958: 6952: 6946: 6941: 6935: 6928: 6926: 6924:Human Services 6918: 6917: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6903: 6896: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6878: 6871: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6849: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6825: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6807: 6801: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6787: 6781: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6738: 6732: 6726: 6720: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6690: 6688: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6661: 6659: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6651: 6645: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6602: 6589: 6587: 6580: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6570: 6564: 6557: 6555: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6539: 6533: 6527: 6520: 6518: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6485: 6478: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6448: 6441: 6433: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6394: 6392: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6293: 6291: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6252: 6250: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6234: 6226: 6218: 6207: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6171: 6164: 6156: 6147: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6133: 6127: 6123: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6103:96th Test Wing 6099: 6097: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5992: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5969: 5967: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5940:(Headquarters) 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5892: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5857: 5848: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5819: 5817: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5797:"Semper Supra" 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5773: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5755: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5710: 5708: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5662:Cape Canaveral 5658: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5596: 5594: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5559: 5557: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5471: 5466: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5422: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5304:533rd Training 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5238:Space Delta 26 5235: 5233:Space Delta 23 5230: 5229:Space Delta 21 5227: 5225:Space Delta 18 5222: 5220:Space Delta 15 5217: 5215:Space Delta 13 5212: 5210:Space Delta 12 5207: 5205:Space Delta 11 5202: 5200:Space Delta 10 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5081: 5080: 5079: 5069: 5063: 5061: 5060:Field commands 5054: 5048: 5047: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5006: 5004: 4997: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4979: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4947: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4892: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4798:Airman's Creed 4795: 4793:Air Force Band 4790: 4783: 4777:Army Air Corps 4758: 4752: 4750: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4714: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4685:Basic Training 4682: 4677: 4672: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4627:Specialty Code 4624: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4573: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4544: 4543: 4542: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4433: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4419:USAFE–AFAFRICA 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4375: 4373: 4371:Major commands 4367: 4366: 4364: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4316: 4314: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4229: 4224: 4223: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4205:Chief of Staff 4197: 4196: 4195: 4190: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4165: 4164: 4157: 4150: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4120: 4119:External links 4117: 4116: 4115: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4075:(4): 370–374. 4064: 4038: 4037: 4009: 3995: 3981: 3967: 3953: 3939: 3925: 3899: 3868: 3854: 3834: 3827: 3809: 3782: 3751: 3724: 3693: 3666: 3647:US Air Force. 3639: 3628:on 15 May 2006 3602: 3565: 3535: 3508: 3490: 3463: 3448:. Space Mart. 3436: 3409: 3373: 3348: 3323: 3292: 3269: 3242: 3215: 3189: 3162: 3150: 3132: 3105: 3078: 3047: 3020: 2993: 2972: 2939: 2917:US Air Force. 2909: 2894: 2867: 2837: 2819: 2793: 2762: 2732: 2701: 2670: 2643: 2609: 2582: 2565:"Oscura Range" 2555: 2528: 2510: 2493:"wpafb.af.mil" 2484: 2449: 2419: 2388: 2357: 2334: 2303: 2272: 2241: 2229: 2222: 2204: 2186: 2168: 2157:on 16 May 2008 2149:US Air Force. 2141: 2126:US Air Force. 2118: 2092: 2080: 2068: 2056: 2030: 2004: 1992: 1980: 1968: 1956: 1941: 1929: 1903: 1891: 1879: 1857: 1834: 1801: 1775: 1727: 1721:978-1481832519 1720: 1702: 1679: 1652: 1633:US Air Force. 1599: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1586: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1543: 1536: 1529: 1522: 1515: 1508: 1501: 1494: 1482:Main article: 1479: 1476: 1319:Gakona, Alaska 1297: 1294: 1290:remote sensing 1258: 1255: 1236:cruise missile 1186:Project Apollo 1144: 1141: 1113: 1110: 1070: 1067: 1065:technologies. 1044:Rome, New York 1039: 1036: 1010: 1007: 983:Special Forces 899: 896: 753: 750: 715: 712: 710:, and others. 690: 687: 649: 646: 603:Rome, New York 584: 583: 577: 576: 572: 571: 565: 564: 557: 553: 552: 545: 539: 538: 534: 533: 527: 526: 522: 521: 517: 516: 512: 511: 504: 500: 499: 495: 494: 490: 489: 482: 478: 477: 474: 397: 394: 302: 299: 298: 293: 289: 288: 283: 279: 278: 273: 272:Vice Commander 269: 268: 263: 257: 256: 252: 251: 246: 242: 241: 236: 232: 231: 193: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 177:1,200 military 175:4,200 civilian 173: 169: 168: 165: 161: 160: 135: 131: 130: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 111: 103: 102: 92: 91: 62:external links 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7252: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7178: 7172: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7146: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7125: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7105: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7086: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7073: 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Delta 3 5163: 5161: 5160:Space Delta 2 5158: 5156: 5155:Space Delta 1 5153: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5094: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5049: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4948: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4908: 4906: 4901: 4899: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4878: 4877: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4837:Air Force Two 4834: 4833:Air Force One 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4745: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4707: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4593:Personnel and 4591: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4548: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4529: 4523: 4522:Twenty-Second 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4335:Installations 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4276: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4163: 4158: 4156: 4151: 4149: 4144: 4143: 4140: 4133: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4111:from the 4110: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4053: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4013: 4010: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3914: 3910: 3903: 3900: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3869: 3857: 3855:0-932813-53-4 3851: 3847: 3846: 3838: 3835: 3830: 3828:0-9648812-0-9 3824: 3820: 3813: 3810: 3797: 3793: 3786: 3783: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3755: 3752: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3725: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3697: 3694: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3667: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3640: 3624: 3620: 3613: 3606: 3603: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3569: 3566: 3553: 3549: 3545: 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2543: 2539: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2453: 2450: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2420: 2407: 2403: 2402:Aviation Week 2399: 2392: 2389: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2361: 2358: 2345: 2338: 2335: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2307: 2304: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2276: 2273: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2230: 2225: 2223:0-16-049390-0 2219: 2215: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2169: 2156: 2152: 2145: 2142: 2129: 2122: 2119: 2107:. 3 July 2018 2106: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2057: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2031: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1957: 1952: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1918: 1914: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1880: 1864: 1860: 1858:1-58566-085-X 1854: 1847: 1846: 1838: 1835: 1819: 1812: 1805: 1802: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1738: 1731: 1728: 1723: 1717: 1713: 1706: 1703: 1698: 1694: 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Cain 1537: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1485: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1307: 1302: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1161: 1154: 1149: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1098:thermoplastic 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1045: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1031:anthropometry 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1008: 1006: 1004: 1000: 994: 992: 988: 984: 981:, which is a 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 920: 912: 904: 897: 895: 892: 890: 886: 883: 879: 874: 871: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 824: 822: 818: 814: 805: 801: 799: 798:Space Shuttle 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 766: 758: 751: 749: 747: 742: 740: 736: 731: 727: 725: 721: 713: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 688: 686: 683: 678: 676: 671: 667: 662: 654: 647: 645: 643: 639: 635: 632:In 2023, the 630: 628: 618: 614: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 591: 579: 578: 574: 573: 567: 566: 561: 555: 554: 549: 546: 541: 540: 536: 535: 529: 528: 524: 523: 519: 518: 514: 513: 508: 502: 501: 497: 496: 492: 491: 488:Kirtland AFB 486: 480: 479: 475: 472: 471: 465: 463: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 437: 436:development. 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 395: 393: 389: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 338: 336: 332: 328: 323: 320: 317: 313: 309: 303:Military unit 297: 294: 290: 287: 284: 280: 277: 274: 270: 267: 264: 262: 258: 253: 250: 247: 243: 240: 237: 233: 228: 198: 194: 190: 187: 184: 180: 174: 170: 166: 162: 159: 147: 136: 132: 129:United States 128: 124: 120: 116: 109: 104: 99: 96: 88: 85: 77: 67: 63: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 32: 31: 19: 7170: 6783: 6658:Marine Corps 6238: 6230: 6222: 6211: 6201:Venture Star 6200: 6183: 6025: 5707:and training 4869: 4847:Thunderbirds 4709:Uniforms and 4361:USAF Academy 4250:2020–present 4072: 4068: 4056:. 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Retrieved 1639:the original 1526:Evan Dertien 1472: 1464: 1417: 1370: 1364: 1340: 1338:Commission. 1311: 1279: 1277:Commission. 1272: 1260: 1222: 1182: 1164: 1157: 1122: 1115: 1102:landing gear 1088:used on the 1083: 1072: 1048: 1041: 1028: 1012: 995: 944: 928:Kirtland AFB 921: 917: 893: 880:250,000,000 875: 867: 825: 810: 778:lifting body 767: 763: 743: 735:Tokyo, Japan 732: 728: 717: 695: 692: 679: 663: 659: 648:Organization 631: 623: 599:Dayton, Ohio 587: 476:Post-Merger 453:Soviet Union 438: 413: 399: 390: 339: 324: 311: 307: 305: 182:Part of 95: 80: 71: 56:by removing 52:Please help 44: 6821:Space Force 6516:Agriculture 6473:Independent 6343:MightySat-2 6338:MightySat-1 5768:History and 5687:Kaena Point 5634:Space Bases 5605:Los Angeles 5253:PNT IMD (P) 4950:Space Staff 4842:Honor Guard 4803:Core Values 4747:History and 4097:Attribution 4058:18 December 2875:Cyberware. 2346:. 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