Air-sea rescue - Knowledge

235:, in a Curtiss hydroplane, went out to try to rescue them, but in the case of Johnstone it was too late as the flyer had already drowned. In contrast, Simon's plane had stayed afloat with Simon on top of it; Robinson spotted him and offered to pick him up and fly him back to shore. But Simon, who was comfortable and smoking a cigarette, preferred to wait for a boat to come and tow both him and his plane back to dry land, which is what happened. As per one account at the time, this decision "wrestled from Simon and Robinson the distinction of being the first rescued and rescuer in an airship life-saving feat." Nonetheless, Robinson's role has been termed by one book as "the first airplane rescue at sea by another airplane". Still other books have implied or stated that Robinson did in fact pick up Simon, but this does not align with contemporary accounts. 957: 1284:, with two pilots and two firefighters working as rescue divers. Additionally, the CFD operates a dive truck "Dive Team 687" and a fast response boat, the "Eugene Blackmon 688." CFD practices tethered, tender-directed dive search patterns, from shore or in-water. CFD ASR responded to 249 water rescue incidents in 2014, and its members logged over 3200 hours of training. In one notable incident from 18 April 2008, CFD ASR members rescued a three-year-old child who had been submerged in 42 degree water for approximately 15 minutes. After being resuscitated by EMS and at a paediatric trauma center, it was reported in August of that year that the child made a "complete recovery." 208:; these were the pioneering approach used to pick up aviators or sailors who were has come into difficulties in the water. Any other aircraft design posed the additional danger of ditching in the water and requiring immediate rescue, while seaplanes could land on the water in an emergency and wait for rescue. Qualities such as their long range, endurance, and the ability to stay on station for long periods of time were commonly viewed as essential naval aviation requirements for rescue aircraft. Robust radio equipment was necessary for contact with land and ocean surface forces. 335: 622: 185: 1326: 1293: 1042:

seaplanes are unable to go. Landing facilities for helicopters can be much smaller and cruder than for fixed-wing aircraft. Additionally, the same helicopter that is capable of air-sea rescue can take part in a wide variety of other operations including those on land. Disadvantages include the loud noise causing difficulties in communicating with the survivors and the strong downdraft that the hovering helicopter creates which increases

1253: 31: 802:, 6 June 1944, 163 aircrew and 60 other personnel were rescued. During the month, June 1944, 355 were saved by ASR units of Coastal Command. In all, 10,663 persons were rescued by Coastal Command in ASR operations. Of this total, 5,721 were Allied aircrew, 277 enemy aircrew, and 4,665 non-aircrew. By the end of the war, British ASR had saved over 13,000 lives and was one of the largest such organisations in the world. 766:. The lifeboat was dropped from a height of 700 feet (210 m), and its descent to the water was slowed by six parachutes. It was balanced so that it would right itself if it overturned—all subsequent airborne lifeboats were given this feature. When it hit the water the parachutes were jettisoned and rockets launched 300 ft (90 m) lifelines. Coamings were inflated on the descent to give it self-righting. 1318: 1023: 1510:

have deployed from rescue helicopters or rescue boats and have been trained to extricate downed airmen from fouled parachute lines and ejection seats. Rescue swimmers must meet a number of difficult requirements: their physical conditioning must be kept at a high level, they must be expert in first aid treatment methods, and they are often highly trained technicians crucial to the operation of the rescue craft.

1486: 1224: 683: 432: 43: 838: 890:, at least three submarines were posted along the air route, and Dumbo aircraft sent to patrol the distant waters, and listen for emergency radio transmissions from distressed aircraft. At the final bombing mission on August 14, 1945, 9 land-based Dumbos and 21 flying boats covered a surface and sub-surface force of 14 submarines and 5 rescue ships. 1304: 875:. The Dumbo would radio the position of any survivors spotted in the water, and it would drop emergency supplies such as an airborne lifeboat, by parachute. A nearby ship or submarine could be requested to come rescue the survivors, or an air-sea rescue station could be signaled to send a rescue boat or flying boat. 735: 797:

was earmarked for the main ASR aircraft. Four 20-aircraft squadrons with specialised ASR conversion were to be made available by the spring, 1943. While development was slow, the effort paid off. In May 1943, 156 men of Bomber Command were rescued from the sea by No. 279 Squadron alone. By the end of

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Air-sea rescue operations carried out during times of conflict have been credited with saving valuable trained and experienced airmen. Moreover, the knowledge that such operations are being carried out greatly enhanced the morale of the combat aircrew faced not only with the expected hostile reaction

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Toward the end of World War II, several B-29 bombers on each large-scale bombing mission were emptied of ammunition, filled with rescue supplies and rotated through Super Dumbo patrol duty as their squadron mates lumbered off filled with bombs. Following that conflict, 16 B-29 bombers were converted

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attack operations. Submarines were often vectored to a rescue site by aircraft providing coordinates, but too many layers of command slowed the cooperation considerably. Long-range naval patrol aircraft were fitted with extra radio equipment to allow direct contact with surface and underwater units.

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and could deliver injured passengers directly to hospitals or other emergency facilities. Helicopters can hover above the scene of an accident while fixed-wing aircraft must circle, or for seaplanes, land and taxi toward the accident. Helicopters can save those stranded among rocks and reefs, where

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helicopters which fly to rescue locations carrying two pilots, one crew chief and two scuba divers. NYPD motor lifeboats from the Harbor Unit respond as well, meeting the helicopter at the incident site to pick up non-critically injured survivors who don't require air evacuation. After the January

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Rescue swimmers have been used for air-sea rescue work to assist in picking up survivors who are not able to reach the rescue craft, especially those incapacitated by exposure to cold water. Since the mid-1980s when standards were set down for their instruction and implementation, rescue swimmers

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came to the fore during the 1960s, but have been largely replaced by helicopters unable to land on water, due to high aircraft development costs. Amphibious helicopters paid dividends for rescue personnel who enjoyed greater safety and success during operations. Operations that use non-amphibious

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In October 1940, yellow-painted Sea Rescue Floats were placed by the Germans in waters where air emergencies were likely. The highly visible buoy-type floats held emergency equipment including food, water, blankets and dry clothing, and they attracted distressed airmen from both sides of the war.

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of the enemy but with the possible danger of aircraft malfunction during long overwater flights. As such, many militaries have opted to develop a capable air-sea rescue component, and ensure that such assets are available during most deployments. Early air-sea rescue operations were performed by

366:(BPBC), made a similar offer of his expertise to the RAF and he soon began to collaborate with Lawrence in the development of 40 ft (12.2 m) long high-speed launches, purpose-built for sea rescue. The result, built by the BPBC, was the 200-Class Seaplane tender; powered by two 100 HP 211:

Training and weather accidents could require an aircrew to be rescued, and seaplanes were occasionally used for that purpose. The limitation was that if the water's surface were too rough, the aircraft would not be able to land. The most that could be done was to drop emergency supplies to the

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were equipped for rescue purposes, they were hindered in this role by the fact that they were hard pressed to make 10 knots (19 kilometres per hour) and were in a bad state of disrepair following their war service. The poor navigation skills of the post-war crews also restricted the scope of

945:. The first hoist lift rescue occurred on 29 November 1945, when a barge ran aground at Penfield Reef, off Fairfield, Connecticut, during heavy weather, very near to the Sikorsky facility in Bridgeport. Sikorsky chief pilot Jimmy Viner, along with USAAF Captain Jack Beighle flew a 769:

Fox's airborne lifeboat weighed 1,700 pounds (770 kg) and included two 4-horsepower (3 kW) motors—sufficient to make about 6 knots—augmented by a mast and sails along with an instruction book to teach aircrew the rudiments of sailing. The lifeboats were first carried by

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were converted to air-sea rescue work and redesignated SC-54; the type quickly replaced all of the remaining Flying Fortresses and Super Fortresses still in service. The SC-54 sometimes carried an airborne lifeboat and could carry more rescue supplies over longer distances.

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carried out large-scale rescue exercises over water. Land-based German bombers used for search duties proved inadequate in terms of range, thus new bomber air bases were constructed along the coast to facilitate an air net over the Baltic and North seas. Following this, the

501:. A total of 14 He 59s were sent to be fitted with first aid equipment, electrically heated sleeping bags, artificial respiration equipment, a floor hatch with a telescoping ladder to reach the water, a hoist, signaling devices, and lockers to hold all the gear. 152:, made longer range operations possible, with parallel advances in equipment improving both the speed and the level of help that air-sea rescue platforms could provide. The 1980s additionally saw the formal introduction of training programs for the deployment of 649:

later wrote "We did not recognise this means of rescuing enemy pilots who had been shot down in action, in order that they might come and bomb our civil population again." Germany protested against this order on the grounds that rescue aircraft were part of the

594:. The Heinkel He 59s were painted white in June, with red crosses to indicate emergency services. A few French seaplanes were modified for rescue and attached to the organization. In response to the heavy toll of German air action against Great Britain, 2938: 710:

was planned to be used for long-term use. By June 1941 rescue from the seas had increased to 35 percent. The Air Ministry decided the service could do better. It was merged with another Directorate, Aircraft Safety. On 23 September 1941 Air Marshal

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it had a top speed of over 36 knots. Testing on the launch continued from 1931–32 to ensure that the engines could run at sustained high speeds. The ship was an operational success and was followed up with the MkI and MkIA tenders, powered with

1403:(IRCG) has responsibility for the Irish Search and Rescue Region. It operates a number of contracted Sikorsky SAR helicopters from bases in Dublin, Waterford, Shannon and Sligo under the €500 million contract, from 2010, a previous fleet of 1411:

helicopters. One of the new S-92 helicopters is located at each of the four IRCG bases, with one spare replacement aircraft being rotated between bases. In 2020, the IRCG are launching a tender for a future SAR Aviation Contract,

171:. By the start of the twenty-first century, numerous civilian organizations have involved themselves in providing air-sea rescue services, in some circumstances taking over this function from incumbent military operators. 452:

The principles of coordinating small surface boat rescue efforts with direction and assistance from air units were developed in the 1930s in Germany. In 1935, Lieutenant Colonel Konrad Goltz of the German Air Force

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has been responsible for this. The GFS operates maritime SAR within the 400-nautical-mile (740 km) radius of the Hong Kong Flight Information Region (FIR). Air-sea rescue is provided by its fleet of seven

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which with the motto 'the sea shall not have them', was created to coordinate at sea rescue with its own air sea rescue squadrons, Marine Branch and Royal Navy vessels, and Coastal Command flying boats.

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Pilot Ensign E. H. Barry's parachute accidentally opened directly after this photograph was taken and he was yanked out of the hoist sling and dragged through the waves. A whaleboat from the destroyer

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rotorcraft repeatedly succeeded in plucked airmen from the icy waters. Helicopters were also used to transport troops and provide logistical support; on one occasion, they facilitated the rescue of

814:, the first purposely assigned rescue aircraft, a PBY Catalina, was given the mission of plucking downed airmen from the ocean in January 1943. From January to August, such rescue flights based at 637:

aircraft dropping spies and saboteurs. The German pilot's log showed that he had noted the position and direction of British convoys—British officials determined that this constituted military

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and into the mid-1950s. The SB-17 began serving in Korea, but dropped only a few lifeboats to save several lives before being phased out in late 1951—there were enough SB-29 Super Dumbos and

905:(USCG) was the first agency to evaluate the potential of helicopter rescue assistance, beginning in 1938. USCG Commander William J. Kossler witnessed a helicopter demonstration flight by 702:(HSL) established at flying boat bases. On 14 January 1941, the first air-sea rescue was set up (the Directorate of Air Sea Rescue Services). The service the aircraft used were diverse. 110: 105:, rescue boats and ships. Specialized equipment and techniques have been developed. Both military and civilian units can perform air-sea rescue. Its principles are laid out in the 2491: 698:

Prior to the Second World War, there was still no fully functional coordinated British air-sea rescue organisation for rescuing aircrew from the sea. The aircrew relied on the

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until 2016. Since official records began in 1983, the Falklands SAR mission had reportedly responded to 1,305 callouts and given life-saving assistance to 1,883 people.

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Nine of these boats were ordered for use by the RAF Marine service by 1932. During 1935, larger 37 ft (11.3 m) boats were also ordered; these were fitted with

129:. While initially restricted to in-shore operations and with limited equipment, capabilities and resources would be expanded over the following decades. By the start of 1098:. Rafts were often dropped which inflated upon impact with the water. Operating in coordination with the U.S. Navy, the USCG painted their air-sea rescue assets white. 1473:

coast, performing beach patrols, search & rescue, shark sightings and warnings and assisting Surf Lifesavers in the water and on the beach, utilising (VH-NVG) a

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are in charge of maritime search and rescue missions in the United Kingdom. The Coastguard is one of the four emergency services that can be contacted on

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to lift the two crew members using the hoist and deposit them safely ashore. The first military helicopter air-sea rescue was carried out in 1946 when a

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Both German and British rescue units checked the floats from time to time, picking up any airmen they found, though enemy airmen were immediately made

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systems that allowed the launch to communicate with the Station and the search aircraft, allowing for an efficient system of contact to be maintained.

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in their aircraft instead of bailing out and parachuting down. The aircraft each carried an inflatable rubber raft which would help the airmen avoid

517:, and used them for coastal patrol as well as single, uncoordinated air rescue units. The air complement grew in the 1930s with the establishment of 2880: 216: 1449:, NYPD air-sea rescue units pulled two survivors from the icy river and applied first aid for hypothermia, and divers swam through the submerged 2326: 1653: 723:

were given to ASR work. This was supported by two squadrons from Coastal Command equipped with Hudsons. No. 16 Group was authorised to create

1645: 1307: 1296: 822: 811: 133:, various nations were operating capable air-sea rescue units that operated a combination of amphibious and land-based fixed wing aircraft. 658:. Churchill argued that rescue aircraft were not anticipated by the treaty, and were not covered. British attacks on He 59s increased. The 1807: 1372: 1344: 1329: 82: 2495: 323:, arrived too late to save them before they drowned. He immediately began to press his commanding officer for the introduction of fast 2757: 1268:

and operated Air Rescue and Sea Rescue as separate units until 1979. Originally based at Midway Airport, CFD Air Rescue operated two

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from the U.S. to France using such refueling methods. At the same time as the Vietnam War, U.S. Navy helicopters were used during the

1006:, were made with a water-resistant hull which allowed them to settle directly onto the water for long enough to effect a rescue. Such 731:

was created on 28 November 1941 and was given Anson aircraft in place of Hudsons, as they were desperately needed for A/S operations.

514: 2858:"European Search and Rescue (SAR) Competition Bonanza: Northern Norway SAR, Netherlands SARHC, Ireland SAR Aviation and UK's UKSAR2G" 633:

was shot down and the crew taken captive because it was sharing the air with 12 Bf 109 fighters and because the British were wary of

3285: 3271: 3257: 3243: 3229: 3215: 3201: 3187: 3173: 3159: 3145: 3131: 3110: 3096: 3081: 3067: 3053: 3039: 3025: 2023: 1118:, American naval vessels and aircraft from both the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Air Force participated in air-sea rescue patrols in the 140:, which provided hover capabilities that were revolutionary for air-sea rescue. The first military helicopter air-sea rescue, by a 2835: 2539: 2073: 1364: 1138:(USAF) which developed an in-flight refueling system. In 1970, USAF Air Rescue and Recovery Service (ARRS) Sea Kings performed a 256: 47: 522: 93:

as well as people who have survived the loss of their seagoing vessel. ASR can involve a wide variety of resources including

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agreement stipulating that belligerents must respect each other's "mobile sanitary formations" such as field ambulances and

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were fitted with pontoons so that they could rest on both water and land. Other helicopters, such as the Sea King and the

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The British developed the first air-dropped lifeboat; a 32-foot (10 m) wooden canoe-shaped boat designed in 1943 by

1519: 2443: 1956: 1134:, variants of the helicopter were quickly utilized for many duties including rescue, and were operated as well by the 1060: 413: 1465:

is active in Australia's southern and western regions, primarily provides helicopter-based near-shore activities. In

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History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: The struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942 – February 1943

2664: 1902: 334: 282:, being primarily tasked with the movement of cargo, munitions and crew from the land to the seaplane. Although the 3305: 1421: 991:

aircraft all yellow, with lettering on the side reading "RESCUE"—a paint scheme that has continued to the present.

965: 363: 248: 2787: 1852: 1122:. The helicopter most closely associated with long-range U.S. air-sea rescue operations in Southeast Asia was the 606:

from continued immersion in the cold water, and increase the time available for rescue. British fighters such the

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heavy bombing operations against Japanese targets. On any one large-scale bombing mission carried out by Boeing

615: 510: 2813: 3300: 2564: 1213: 1087: 1016: 621: 149: 287: 247:. Some rescues were performed, however, by individuals and groups acting on their own initiative, such as the 1877: 1823: 1524: 1432:

were stationed in shifts at a hangar containing helicopter rescue aircraft. The NYPD Aviation Unit operates

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issued Bulletin 1254 indicating that all enemy air-sea rescue aircraft were to be destroyed if encountered.

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launches as rescue boats. Lawrence had experience using this type of vessel, having assisted with the 1929

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Helicopters became frequently used, due to a number of advantages; they could fly in rougher weather than

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scheme of their area of operation. Rescue flights were to be protected by fighter aircraft when possible.

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being demonstrated to the U.S. Navy was used in an emergency to pull a downed Navy pilot from the ocean.

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still visible, a U.S. Navy pilot who had been waved off his attempted landing aboard the escort carrier

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from the distinctive curve to its deck. This was the main high speed launch class ship used during the

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The first attempts at an airplane rescuing a downed flyer at sea took place in August 1911, during the

2517: 786:. The lifeboats carried emergency equipment, a radio, waterproof suits, rations and medical supplies. 184: 1139: 980: 826: 815: 790: 728: 724: 720: 716: 607: 561: 554: 521:

and in the 1940s with the first formation of a dedicated U.S. domestic air-sea rescue service on the

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1943 Coastal Command had rescued 1,684 aircrew out of 5,466 presumed to have ditched in the sea. On

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race while at the helm of a Biscayne Baby, a fast boat when the temperamental engines were running.

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Marion, Forrest L. (Spring 2004). "Bombers and boats: SB-17 and SB-29 combat operations in Korea".

1433: 1425: 1388: 1193: 1182: 1171: 1038: 926: 220: 125:, with the first dedicated unit operating such aircraft being established near the final months of 2589: 2248: 1642: 307:, better known as Lawrence of Arabia, joined the RAF in 1929, working at the flying boat station, 2857: 2469: 984: 887: 842: 778:

bombers carried the Mark II lifeboat. The Fox boats successfully saved downed aircrew as well as

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The first multiple air-sea rescue operation occurred on 18 December 1939. A group of 24 British

375:. These formed the mainstay of the Marine Section's rescue launches all the way through to the 3281: 3267: 3253: 3239: 3225: 3211: 3197: 3183: 3169: 3155: 3141: 3127: 3106: 3092: 3077: 3063: 3049: 3035: 3021: 2712: 2425: 2305: 2019: 2011: 1803: 1489: 1400: 1368: 1155: 1030: 739: 703: 651: 646: 409: 267: 86: 3103:

Rescue at sea: an international history of lifesaving, coastal rescue craft and organisations

2908:"The Challenge of Air-Sea Rescue: Teamwork, teamwork, teamwork are the watchwords of the day" 2614: 921:

and at once saw the advantages of helicopter-equipped search and rescue squadrons. Two early

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survivors, or to signal surface ships or rescue boats to guide them to the correct location.

2297: 1474: 1384: 1310: 1186: 988: 914: 830: 611: 557: 498: 398: 376: 355: 328: 2077: 1649: 1380: 1178: 1167: 1068: 1027: 930: 846: 794: 779: 775: 771: 763: 743: 687: 671: 372: 316: 279: 252: 2090: 1252: 30: 1771:"La Grande Guerra. The Italian Front, 1915–1918: Notable Aviators of the Italian Front" 1504: 1450: 1404: 1265: 1205: 1143: 1123: 1119: 1102: 1012: 755: 638: 312: 304: 153: 2301: 2068: 1317: 1022: 159:

Air-sea rescue operations have been prominent in several major conflicts, such as the

3294: 1408: 1231: 1163: 1127: 1095: 1003: 972: 918: 906: 872: 655: 599: 595: 564: 546: 542: 494: 442: 283: 228: 168: 144:, occurred in 1946. Over the following decades, more capable rotorcraft, such as the 141: 90: 3208:

The Two-Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War

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Aircraft suitability once again came in for discussion during the war. Ansons and

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Dedicated air-sea rescue units were not organized by any nation until the end of

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Poulton, Thomas J. (January 1986). "Helicopter downdraft: A wind chill hazard".

1485: 1115: 1047: 961: 868: 864: 603: 587: 244: 201: 193: 164: 126: 118: 2565:"Great Lake Saviors - Vertical Magazine - The Pulse of the Helicopter Industry" 1223: 549:, and they turned for home. The formation attracted the energetic attention of 3152:

So Others May Live: Coast Guard's Rescue Swimmers: Saving Lives, Defying Death

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The first peacetime air-sea rescue squadron exclusively using helicopters was

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Early in 1939, with the growing probability of war against Great Britain, the

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fliers trained in Brooklyn after which the British bought a large number of

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determined to procure a purpose-built air-sea rescue seaplane, choosing the

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recommended that German pilots in trouble over the ocean make an emergency

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Military aircraft, origins to 1918: an illustrated history of their impact

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worked with He 59s to save some twenty British airmen from the icy water.

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was designed in 1937 by Hubert Scott-Paine; 63 foot long and known as the

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has, since 1986, operated a coordinated air-sea rescue program based at

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Helicopter demonstrates interagency Military-Civilian operations with a

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Amid World War II, a major innovation was introduced in the form of the

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Fifty years among the new words: a dictionary of neologisms, 1941–1991

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were first introduced to the role of air-sea rescue in the 1940s. The

1497: 1343:(GFS) has provided air-sea rescue services; prior to this point, the 1174:(SAS) troops trapped on a glacier in heavy wind and snow conditions. 1050:

patients. Helicopters also tend to have limited range and endurance.

759: 591: 467:(Sea Rescue Service), an air-sea rescue organization focusing on the 367: 320: 113:

is the legal framework that applies to international air-sea rescue.

475:. To this end, Goltz gained coordination with aircraft units of the 1643:"World Battlefronts: Battle of the Seas: The Lovely Dumbos", page 1 1264:

formed an Air Rescue Helicopter unit in 1965 with two Bell 47Gs at

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By the end of 1944, some 224 airmen had been rescued by submarine.

825:, American submarines were tasked with the rescue of U.S. Navy and 3119:. General Aviation Series, Volume 2. Challenge Publications, 1989. 1589: 1484: 1324: 1316: 1302: 1291: 1251: 1222: 1209: 1126:, called the "Pelican" or "Jolly Green Giant", a variation of the 1021: 955: 836: 799: 733: 681: 625:

HSL 130 picking up a RAF Halifax crew off the Isle of Wight, 1942.

620: 430: 333: 183: 41: 29: 1720:. Chicago. August 15, 1911. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com. 1375:. Aircraft for an air-sea rescue were originally provided by the 3046:

Beyond the Wild Blue: A History of the U.S. Air Force, 1947–1997

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Royal Air Force Westland Wessex HC2 SAR helicopter off Hong Kong

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International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual

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were frustrated by low clouds and fog in their mission to bomb

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Mander, Simon (8 April 2016). "Falklands finale for RAF SAR".

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The United States Coast Guard, 1790 to the present: a history

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The fighting flying boat: a history of the Martin PBM Mariner

2836:"Irish Coast Guard: Search and Rescue (SAR) Aviation Project" 2810:"New Search and Rescue (SAR) helicopters arrive into Shannon" 1878:"Notes on the introduction to the R.A.F. of high-speed craft" 2758:"Irish Coast Guard search and rescue fleet renewal extended" 662:

ordered the rescue aircraft armed as well as painted in the

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Aircraft of the Luftwaffe 1935-1945: An Illustrated History

2540:"HAI Announces 2009 Eurocopter Golden Hour Award Recipient" 1903:"Royal Air Force Air Sea Rescue & Marine Craft Section" 200:

Initial air-sea rescue operations were performed either by

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Andrew Jackson Higgins and the Boats That Won World War II

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Lt Arca by Capt Jorge Svendsen who was decorated with the

1367:. Their role is to initiate and coordinate the searches. 1741:. August 15, 1911. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com. 3060:

On the move: a chronology of advances in transportation

2615:"4 Tips for Getting Tethered Safely - SDI - TDI - ERDI" 1371:

are provided by volunteer agencies, most often by the

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L-4. Currently, CFD Air Sea Rescue (ASR) operates two

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to pull astronauts and their capsules from the ocean.

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International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue

2329:. National Museum of the US Air Force. Archived from 2018:, p. 285. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1986 (reissue). 925:

were acquired in 1941, and training was initiated at

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Cutler, Deborah W.; Thomas J. Cutler; Bill Wedertz.

1853:"Lawrence of Arabia at R.A.F. Mountbatten, Plymouth" 1714:"Lake Front Throng Sees 5 Aviators Fall – 2 In Lake" 1583:"Legal Brief on International Law and Rescue at Sea" 1185:

on detached duty continued to provide cover for the

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In the 1950s, some models of helicopter such as the

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on 24 October to act as a specialised ASR squadron.

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Helicopters: an illustrated history of their impact

2063: 2061: 1953:"Seenotdienst: Early Development of Air-Sea Rescue" 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 871:to patrol likely areas where American airmen might 629:In July 1940, a white-painted He 59 operating near 408:The failure of the Marine Craft Section during the 2091:"Ship Mark II Airborne Lifeboat British (MAR 566)" 1847: 1845: 1059:to full-time air–sea rescue duty and redesignated 27:Coordinated search and rescue of survivors at sea 3236:Flying boats & seaplanes: a history from 1905 3140:(Fifth Edition). The H. W. Wilson Company, 1997. 2812:. The Clare Herald. 13 June 2013. Archived from 2247:rescued him instead, 12 minutes after ditching. 706:were used to scouting the coastlines, while the 405:aircrew from the sea after they were shot down. 1693:"Aviators Plunge Into Lake From High Altitudes" 1453:to make certain all passengers were evacuated. 1951:Tilford, Earl H. Jr. (January–February 1977). 1130:. First acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1961 for 2780:"New Irish Search and Rescue Contract Signed" 2380: 2378: 2368: 2366: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 1547:Cutler, Cutler and Wedertz 2005, pp. 36, 384. 1236:Los Angeles County Fire Department (civilian) 882:, Dumbo operations complemented simultaneous 481:as well as with civilian lifeboat societies. 8: 3089:Dictionary of naval abbreviations, Volume 23 3074:Black Cats and Dumbos: WW II's Fighting PBYs 2470:"Escuadrón Fénix | Veteranos de Guerra" 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2211:"Sikorsky Products History, Civilian Rescue" 715:took over the organisation. In October 1941 2991: 2989: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 1729: 1727: 1463:Westpac Lifesaver Rescue Helicopter Service 1457:Westpac Lifesaver Rescue Helicopter Service 1158:SAR helicopters were in operation with the 1101:Shortly after the Korean War, some Douglas 71:aeronautical and maritime search and rescue 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1634: 1632: 1407:helicopters were replaced with five newer 1387:, they are now operated under contract by 1074:Other air-sea rescue aircraft used in the 793:were not suitable for ASR operations. The 2995:Laguardia-Kotite and Ridge 2008, pp. 2–4. 2693:. Department for Transport. 26 March 2013 1998: 1996: 1708: 1706: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1673: 1671: 841:An SB-29 "Super Dumbo", a variant of the 618:which were little help against the cold. 459:), a supply officer based at the port of 278:. These boats were regarded primarily as 263:by landing on the water in his seaplane. 259:, rescued a fellow aviator adrift in the 3150:Laguardia-Kotite, Martha J.; Tom Ridge. 2906:Solosky, Kenneth J. (19 February 2009). 2494:. Institutoaeronaval.org. Archived from 1800:The RAF Air Sea Rescue Service 1918-1986 1798:Sutherland, Jon; Canwell, Diane (2010). 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 742:shown rigged for sailing, in front of a 513:acquired its first seaplanes in 1925 at 219:, when, in separate incidents, aviators 217:1911 Chicago International Aviation Meet 38:rescue helicopter in action above a boat 2937:Solosky, Kenneth J. (16 January 2009). 2321: 2319: 1955:. Air University Review. Archived from 1540: 1011:helicopters rely to a higher degree on 821:Beginning in November 1943, during the 694:-designed airborne lifeboat underneath. 463:, was given the task of organizing the 3196:. University of Illinois Press, 2001. 3117:The Making of the Great Aviation Films 2518:"Sitio Oficial del Ejército Argentino" 401:and was instrumental in the rescue of 354:, the designer of the record breaking 3280:. University Press of Florida, 1995. 1563:. International Maritime Organisation 1200:from the islands and the ad hoc unit 823:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 614:did not carry inflatable rafts, only 7: 3062:, p. 178. Gale Research, 1992. 3020:, Cambridge University Press, 1993. 2735:"The Irish Search and Rescue Region" 2590:"City of Chicago :: Operations" 2189:Helis.com, Helicopter history site. 2070:February 1943: The Airborne Lifeboat 1979:"Unit History: Air Station Cape Cod" 1824:"The birth of modern Air-Sea Rescue" 1555: 1553: 1229:United States Coast Guard (military) 762:for the rescue of aircrew downed in 291:operations to a purely inshore one. 89:(SAR) of the survivors of emergency 3076:. Crocker Media Expressions, 2002. 1373:Royal National Lifeboat Institution 1345:Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force 1330:Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force 448:as well as a variety of fast boats. 2080:. Retrieved on September 11, 2009. 1299:AS332 L2 Super Puma SAR helicopter 1071:flying boats to satisfy the need. 1063:. The SB-29 served throughout the 774:aircraft in February 1943. Later, 25: 2397:. Royal Air Force. Archived from 1656:. Retrieved on September 6, 2009. 3252:. Elderberry Press, Inc., 2004. 2879:Goldin, Jon (July–August 2006). 2786:. CHC Helicopter. Archived from 2200:, Retrieved on 7 September 2009. 1760:For example, Bruno 1992, p. 178. 340:Type Two 63 ft High-speed launch 3210:. Naval Institute Press, 2007. 3126:. Naval Institute Press, 2004. 3105:. Naval Institute Press, 2003. 3091:, Naval Institute Press, 2005. 2756:Siggins, Lorna (17 June 2013). 2691:"Search and rescue helicopters" 2665:"The Government Flying Service" 1416:New York City Police Department 971:is hoisted from the water by a 3278:Hugh Robinson: Pioneer Aviator 1046:danger for already-soaked and 894:Introduction of the helicopter 1: 2881:"NYPD's Air Sea Rescue Teams" 2302:10.1016/S0196-0644(86)80533-9 960:With the tail of his Grumman 941:from Sikorsky to re-organize 884:United States Army Air Forces 497:, a twin-engine biplane with 3115:Hardwick, Jack; Ed Schnepf. 2446:. Faa.mil.ar. Archived from 2290:Annals of Emergency Medicine 2153:Algeo 1993, pp. 39, 106–107. 1735:"Accidents at Aviation Meet" 1520:Aviation Survival Technician 927:Coast Guard Station Brooklyn 878:In the last eight months of 782:dropped in the water during 192:was one of the most popular 2860:. Aerossurance. 11 May 2020 2144:Morison, 2007, pp. 510–511. 2128:Morison, 2001, pp. 332–333. 2119:Ashworth 1992, pp. 176-177. 2034:Ashworth 1992, pp. 170-173. 1333:Aérospatiale SA 360 Dauphin 1208:helicopters, in particular 1192:On the Argentine side, the 412:led to the creation of the 3322: 2883:. Air Beat. Archived from 1502: 1469:, the Service patrols the 1422:New York Police Department 1355: 1094:helicopter, and later the 424: 364:British Power Boat Company 249:United States Navy Reserve 48:Auckland Rescue Helicopter 3164:Lepage, Jean-Denis G. G. 2737:. Department of Transport 2715:. Department of Transport 1341:Government Flying Service 1288:Government Flying Service 1033:air-sea rescue helicopter 987:. The unit painted their 903:United States Coast Guard 754:was to be dropped by RAF 511:United States Coast Guard 362:boats and founder of the 3238:. Zenith Imprint, 1998. 3122:Hoffman, Richard Alden. 3032:The Ambulance: A History 2713:"Irish Coast Guard IRCG" 2444:"Fuerza Aérea Argentina" 1677:Vergara 1995, pp. 80–82. 1492:rescue swimmers wearing 1361:His Majesty's Coastguard 1356:His Majesty's Coastguard 1272:. Later, the CFD flew a 1214:Argentine Naval Aviation 1162:at the time of the 1982 1069:Grumman SA-16A Albatross 983:re-organized in 1953 at 845:, with an air-droppable 196:used for air-sea rescue. 150:Eurocopter HH-65 Dolphin 3206:Morison, Samuel Eliot. 3192:Morison, Samuel Eliot. 2838:. DTTAS. 11 August 2020 2472:. Escuadronfenix.org.ar 1665:Murphy 2005, pp. 75–76. 1525:Crash boats World War 2 1350:Airbus Helicopters H175 1262:Chicago Fire Department 1256:20141019 CFD Scuba Team 1248:Chicago Fire Department 1204:from the mainland. The 1136:United States Air Force 1019:, and rescue swimmers. 859:, converted land-based 784:Operation Market-Garden 641:, not rescue work. The 414:Air Sea Rescue Services 231:. In both cases, pilot 3154:, Globe Pequot, 2008. 2351:Boyne 1998, pp. 91–92. 2252:, October 1953, p. 23. 2110:Ashworth 1992, p. 174. 2043:Strahan, 1998, p. 193. 1500: 1443:US Airways Flight 1549 1383:. Under the programme 1336: 1322: 1314: 1300: 1257: 1239: 1218:Valour in Combat Medal 1194:Fuerza Aerea Argentina 1132:anti-submarine warfare 1088:maritime patrol bomber 1034: 1008:amphibious helicopters 976: 973:Piasecki HUP Retriever 943:705 Naval Air Squadron 929:in New York. In 1942, 911:Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 853: 747: 695: 626: 571:rescue boats based at 515:Air Station Gloucester 449: 347: 197: 146:Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King 51: 39: 3136:Kane, Joseph Nathan. 2384:McGowan 2005, p. 156. 2372:McGowan 2005, p. 119. 1739:The Joliet Daily News 1488: 1328: 1320: 1306: 1295: 1255: 1226: 1144:Apollo space missions 1025: 959: 840: 829:airmen downed during 812:Pacific Ocean theater 791:Boulton Paul Defiants 737: 685: 624: 434: 337: 187: 85:, is the coordinated 45: 33: 3234:Nicolaou, Stéphane. 3178:McGowan, Stanley S. 3030:Bell, Ryan Corbett. 3004:Ostrom 2004, p. 174. 2278:Ostrom 2004, p. 186. 2231:McGowan 2005, p. 65. 2067:RAF Davidstow Moor. 2002:LePage 2009, p. 315. 1140:Transatlantic flight 981:No. 275 Squadron RAF 888:B-29 Superfortresses 818:saved 161 aviators. 729:No. 280 Squadron RAF 725:No. 279 Squadron RAF 721:No. 278 Squadron RAF 717:No. 275 Squadron RAF 690:bomber carrying the 608:Supermarine Spitfire 295:Interwar development 270:of the newly formed 268:Marine Craft Section 3276:Vergara, George L. 3266:. LSU Press, 1998. 3168:, McFarland, 2009. 3048:. Macmillan, 1998. 3034:, McFarland, 2008. 2360:Ostrom 2004, p. 81. 2250:Naval Aviation News 2213:. Sikorsky Archives 2180:Evans 2003, p. 181. 2162:Evan, 2003, p. 264. 1828:navalairhistory.com 1426:Floyd Bennett Field 1389:Bristow Helicopters 1243:Civilian operations 1181:SAR helicopters of 1172:Special Air Service 1039:fixed-wing aircraft 975:helicopter in 1953. 947:Sikorsky R-5 (S-48) 700:High Speed Launches 221:St. Croix Johnstone 3262:Strahan, Jerry E. 3248:Ostrom, Thomas P. 3224:, ABC-CLIO, 2005. 3220:Murphy, Justin D. 3182:. ABC-CLIO, 2005. 3138:Famous First Facts 3058:Bruno, Leonard C. 2816:on 17 October 2013 2395:"Sea King HAR3/3A" 2262:Bell 2008, p. 168. 2076:2013-01-16 at the 2012:Churchill, Winston 1959:on 13 January 2017 1648:2012-11-04 at the 1641:, August 6, 1945. 1501: 1337: 1323: 1315: 1301: 1258: 1240: 1206:Ejercito Argentino 1035: 977: 854: 843:B-29 Superfortress 780:glider infantrymen 748: 708:Supermarine Walrus 704:Westland Lysanders 696: 627: 540:Vickers Wellington 525:in 1944 at Salem. 450: 391:Type Two 63 ft HSL 352:Hubert Scott-Paine 348: 344:Hubert Scott-Paine 198: 52: 40: 3306:Search and rescue 3044:Boyne, Walter J. 2973:lifesaving.com.au 2784:20 September 2010 2760:. The Irish Times 2594:cityofchicago.org 2520:. Ejercito.mil.ar 2333:on 9 October 2012 2016:Their Finest Hour 1913:on 2 January 2013 1802:. Pen AMD Sword. 1751:Kane 1997, p. 37. 1619:Air Power History 1490:Royal Danish Navy 1441:2009 ditching of 1401:Irish Coast Guard 1395:Irish Coast Guard 1220:for this action. 1156:Westland Sea King 1061:SB-29 Super Dumbo 1031:Westland Sea King 852:rigged underneath 740:airborne lifeboat 738:A British Mark I 652:Geneva Convention 647:Winston Churchill 519:Air Station Salem 410:Battle of Britain 257:Adriatic Campaign 87:search and rescue 16:(Redirected from 3313: 3101:Evans, Clayton. 3005: 3002: 2996: 2993: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2949:on 14 March 2011 2945:. Archived from 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2914:. 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Archived from 1899: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1849: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1820: 1814: 1813: 1795: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1731: 1722: 1721: 1710: 1701: 1700: 1689: 1678: 1675: 1666: 1663: 1657: 1636: 1627: 1626: 1614: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1587: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1557: 1548: 1545: 1475:Eurocopter EC135 1339:Since 1993, the 1187:Falkland Islands 989:Bristol Sycamore 913:, equipped with 831:aircraft carrier 612:Hawker Hurricane 558:fighter aircraft 399:Second World War 377:Second World War 356:Miss Britain III 329:Schneider Trophy 280:seaplane tenders 255:who, during the 65:, also known as 21: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3310: 3301:Rescue aviation 3291: 3290: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2950: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2887:on 25 July 2008 2878: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2861: 2856: 2855: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2819: 2817: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2793: 2791: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2763: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2573: 2571: 2569:verticalmag.com 2563: 2562: 2558: 2548: 2546: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2523: 2521: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2501: 2499: 2490: 2489: 2485: 2475: 2473: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2376: 2371: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2325: 2324: 2317: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2266: 2261: 2257: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2216: 2214: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2096: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2078:Wayback Machine 2066: 2059: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1994: 1984: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1950: 1949: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1907:asrmcs-club.com 1901: 1900: 1896: 1886: 1884: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1861: 1859: 1857:submerged.co.uk 1851: 1850: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1830:. 28 April 2012 1822: 1821: 1817: 1810: 1809:978-184884303-5 1797: 1796: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1733: 1732: 1725: 1718:The Inter Ocean 1712: 1711: 1704: 1697:Buffalo Courier 1691: 1690: 1681: 1676: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1650:Wayback Machine 1637: 1630: 1616: 1615: 1604: 1594: 1592: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1566: 1564: 1561:"IAMSAR Manual" 1559: 1558: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1516: 1507: 1483: 1459: 1418: 1397: 1381:Royal Air Force 1358: 1290: 1250: 1245: 1238:Motor life boat 1202:Escuadrón Fénix 1183:No. 1564 Flight 1179:Royal Air Force 1168:Westland Wessex 1152: 1112: 1103:C-54 Skymasters 1056: 1028:Royal Air Force 931:Royal Air Force 896: 808: 795:Vickers Warwick 776:Vickers Warwick 772:Lockheed Hudson 746:rescue aircraft 744:Vickers Warwick 688:Vickers Warwick 680: 672:prisoner of war 582:added bases in 536: 531: 507: 429: 423: 373:Perkins Engines 317:seaplane tender 302: 297: 253:Charles Hammann 241: 182: 177: 154:rescue swimmers 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3319: 3317: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3274: 3260: 3246: 3232: 3218: 3204: 3190: 3176: 3162: 3148: 3134: 3120: 3113: 3099: 3085: 3072:Crocker, Mel. 3070: 3056: 3042: 3028: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3006: 2997: 2985: 2960: 2929: 2918:on 3 June 2009 2898: 2871: 2849: 2827: 2801: 2771: 2748: 2726: 2704: 2682: 2656: 2640:"Chicago News" 2631: 2606: 2581: 2556: 2531: 2509: 2498:on 31 May 2015 2483: 2461: 2450:on 20 May 2014 2435: 2412: 2386: 2374: 2362: 2353: 2344: 2327:"Boeing SB-29" 2315: 2296:(1): 103–104. 2280: 2264: 2255: 2233: 2224: 2202: 2192:US Coast Guard 2182: 2164: 2155: 2146: 2130: 2121: 2112: 2103: 2082: 2057: 2045: 2036: 2027: 2004: 1992: 1981:. 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