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414:
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2241:, where the investigative board found that the flight attendant in charge's "misleading" reports about the fire "influenced the captain's decision to delay the initiation of a descent" and that such "delay increased the time for the fire to propagate and the time that passengers were exposed to the toxic environment before the airplane could be evacuated." The accident killed 23 passengers; none of the flight attendants sustained any injuries. Chief Flight Attendant Sergio Benetti was the first to open the front door of the aircraft, and escaped out that way, leaving all passengers and other crew behind.
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73:
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2189:(Sergio Benetti, Judi Davidson, Laura Kayama) used procedures which were not specifically taught in training such as moving passengers to the front of the aircraft to move them away from the fire and smoke, and passing out towels for passengers to cover their nose and mouths with while the cabin was filling with smoke. Chief Flight Attendant Sergio Benetti was the first to open the front door of the aircraft, and escaped out that way, leaving all passengers and other crew behind.
836:: on some aircraft (some airlines Airbus aircraft, and the Boeing 787), this colour is used to indicate interphone calls between two flight attendants, distinguishing them from the pink or red light used for interphone calls made from the flight deck to a flight attendant, and is also accompanied with a high-low chime like the pink or red light. On the Boeing 787, a flashing green light with a repeated high-low chime is used to indicate a call to all flight attendant stations.
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466:'s first complainants were female flight attendants complaining of age discrimination, weight requirements, and bans on marriage. (Originally female flight attendants were fired if they reached age 32 or 35 depending on the airline, were fired if they exceeded weight regulations, and were required to be single upon hiring and fired if they got married.) In 1968, the EEOC declared age restrictions on flight attendants' employment to be illegal sex discrimination under
655:. It is vital that flight attendants remain aware as the majority of emergencies occur during take-off and landing. Upon landing, flight attendants must remain stationed at exits and monitor the airplane and cabin as passengers disembark the plane. They also assist any special needs passengers and small children off the airplane and escort children, while following the proper paperwork and ID process to escort them to the designated person picking them up.
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flight (in years of service to their respective carrier), chief pursers can have varying levels of "in-flight" or "on board" bidding seniority or tenure in relation to their flying partners. To reach this position, a crew member requires some minimum years of service as flight attendant. Further training is mandatory, and chief pursers typically earn a higher salary than flight attendants because of the added responsibility and managerial role.
1098:. It shows that a level of required training has been met. It is not limited to the air carrier at which the attendant is employed (although some initial documents showed the airlines where the holders were working), and is the attendant's personal property. It does have two ratings, Group 1 and Group 2 (listed on the certificate as "Group I" and "Group II"). Either or both of these may be earned depending upon the general type of aircraft, (
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1619:. They are more likely to have disruptions in their sleep patterns because they may work at night, cross time zones, and have irregular schedules. There is some evidence linking sleep disruptions to increased cancer risk. Flight attendants may also have different lifestyle behaviours related to diet, physical activity, and health care than the general population which could affect overall health and cancer risk.
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1968:
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800:): interphone calls from the cockpit to a flight attendant and/or interphone calls between two flight attendants, the latter case if a green light is not present or being used for the same purpose (steady with high-low chime), or all services emergency call (flashing with repeated high-low chime). On some airlines Airbus' aircraft (such as
1688:. According to Hochschild, flight attendants do emotional labour to enhance the status of the customer and entice further sales by their friendliness, and support this effort by evoking feelings that make the "nice" display seem natural. With regard to how flight attendants are supposed to use their smile in the job, the author writes:
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was passed in 1978, and the no-marriage rule was eliminated throughout the US airline industry by the 1980s. The last such broad categorical discrimination, the weight restrictions, were relaxed in the 1990s through litigation and negotiations. Airlines still often have vision and height requirements
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aircraft crashed after an aborted takeoff in 1992. The aircraft was destroyed by fire. Nine flight attendants, along with five off-duty flight attendants, evacuated all 292 persons on board without loss of life. The NTSB in their after accident report noted, "The performance of the flight attendants
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Appearance was considered one of the most important factors to become a stewardess. At that time, airlines believed that the exploitation of female sexuality would increase their profits; thus the uniforms of female flight attendants were often formfitting, complete with white gloves and high heels.
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Although there is no specific major that will prepare you for a career as a flight attendant, degrees in hospitality, tourism, public relations, business, communications, psychology, sociology, nursing, anthropology, police or fire science, and education are all good choices. A business degree with
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has not been disabled or destroyed and to restock supplies as needed. Regular cockpit checks must be done to ensure the health and safety of the pilot(s). They must also respond to call lights dealing with special requests. During turbulence, flight attendants must ensure the cabin is secure. Prior
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The number of flight attendants required on flights is mandated by each country's regulations. In the US, for light planes with 19 or fewer seats, or, if weighing more than 7,500 pounds, 9 or fewer seats, no flight attendant is needed; on larger aircraft, one flight attendant per 50 passenger seats
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Hochschild notes that corporate logic in the airline industry generates a series of links between competition, market expansion, advertising, heightened passenger expectations about rights to display, and company demands for acting; and when conditions allow this logic to work, private use of
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n the flight attendant's work, smiling is separated from its usual function, which is to express a personal feeling, and attached to another one—expressing a company feeling. The company exhorts them to smile more, and "more sincerely," at an increasing number of passengers. The workers respond to
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There are also training schools, not affiliated with any particular airline, where students generally not only undergo generic, though otherwise practically identical, training to flight attendants employed by an airline, but also take curriculum modules to help them gain employment. These schools
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Prior to each flight, flight attendants and pilots go over safety and emergency checklists, the locations of emergency equipment and other features specific to that aircraft type. Boarding particulars are verified, such as special needs passengers, small children travelling alone, or VIPs. Weather
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The chief purser (CP), also titled as in-flight service manager (ISM), flight service manager (FSM), customer service manager (CSM) or cabin service director (CSD) is the senior flight attendant in the chain of command of flight attendants. While not necessarily the most-senior crew members on a
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The studies also found that 70% of flight attendants who experience sexual harassment on the job "chose not to report the incident because they did not think it would be dealt with appropriately or they were concerned reporting it would make the situation worse" and "their airline was not doing
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is in charge of the cabin crew, in a specific section of a larger aircraft, or the whole aircraft itself (if the purser is the highest ranking). On board a larger aircraft, pursers assist the chief purser in managing the cabin. Pursers are flight attendants or a related job, typically with an
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in 1968. The EEOC ruled that sex was not a bona fide occupational requirement to be a flight attendant. For flight attendants, this meant that they had an official governing body to report offences to and allowed them to successfully challenge age ceiling and marriage bans in relation to their
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presented a campaign known as the "Air Strip" with similarly attractive young female flight attendant changing uniforms mid-flight. In the United States, many airlines had a policy such that only unmarried women could be flight attendants, as well as a mandatory retirement age of 32 for flight
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or headquarters city of an airline over a period that may run from four weeks to six months, depending on the country and airline. The main focus of training is safety, and attendants are evaluated for each type of aircraft in which they work. One of the most elaborate training facilities was
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Flight attendants describe the verbal sexual harassment as comments that are "nasty, unwanted, lewd, crude, inappropriate, uncomfortable, sexual, suggestive, and dirty". They also report being subjected to passengers' explicit sexual fantasies, propositions, request for sexual "favours" and
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introduced a requirement that female flight attendants wear high heels until passengers had been seated. The airline's workers' union stated that the requirement would endanger the health and safety of the flight attendants and instructed its members to ignore the rule. Later that year the
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Most airlines have height requirements for safety reasons, making sure that all flight attendants can reach overhead safety equipment. Typically, the acceptable height for this is over 152 cm but under 185 cm tall. Regional carriers using small aircraft with low ceilings can have height
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Originally female flight attendants were required to be single upon hiring, and were fired if they got married, exceeded weight regulations, or reached age 32 or 35 depending on the airline. In the 1970s, the group
Stewardesses for Women's Rights protested sexist advertising and company
1147:, Japanese, Arabic, German, Portuguese, Italian, and Turkish. In the United States, airlines with international routes pay an additional stipend for language skills on top of flight pay, and some airlines hire specifically for certain languages when launching international destinations.
2114:, on which the cabin crew provided safety briefings to their passengers, and on their own initiative, warned passengers of the impending crash by commanding passengers to adopt the brace position. At least one flight attendant is known to have assisted in rescuing trapped passengers.
642:. The duty has led to the mildly derogatory slang term "trolley dolly". When not performing customer service duties, flight attendants must periodically conduct cabin checks and listen for any unusual noises or situations. Checks must also be done on the lavatory to ensure the
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declared that it had ended uniform rules based on gender. Female flight attendants are no longer required to wear high heels, male flight attendants can wear makeup, and flight attendants of any gender can wear the same type of jewelry and have long hair in a ponytail or bun.
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The girls who qualify for hostesses must be petite; weight 100 to 118 pounds; height 5 feet to 5 feet 4 inches; age 20 to 26 years. Add to that the rigid physical examination each must undergo four times every year, and you are assured of the bloom that goes with perfect
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away from the plane. The only fatality was flight attendant C.B. Lansing who was blown out of the airplane. Flight attendant
Michelle Honda was thrown violently to the floor during the decompression but, despite her injuries, crawled up and down the aisle reassuring
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on aircraft. Other airlines followed suit, hiring nurses to serve as flight attendants, then called "stewardesses" or "air hostesses", on most of their flights. In the United States, the job was one of only a few in the 1930s to permit women, which, coupled with the
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In 1968, the EEOC declared age restrictions on flight attendants' employment to be illegal sex discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The restriction of hiring only women was lifted at all airlines in 1971 due to the decisive court case of
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1871:. The no-marriage rule was eliminated throughout the US airline industry by the 1980s. The last such broad categorical discrimination, the weight restrictions, were relaxed in the 1990s through litigation and negotiations. By the end of the 1970s, the term
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Typically flight attendants require holding a high school diploma or equivalent, and in the United States, the median annual wage for flight attendants was $ 50,500 in May 2017, higher than the median for all workers of $ 37,690.
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and fabrics of their respective country in their female flight attendants' uniform. It was meant as a marketing strategy to showcase their national culture as well as to convey welcoming warmth and hospitality. For example,
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and unfair work practices such as age limits, size limits, limitations on marriage, and prohibition of pregnancy. Many of these limitations have been lifted by judicial mandates. The largest flight attendants' union is the
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Uniformes: Every detail of the new uniform evokes the refinement of haute couture...In March 1962, Air France launched a new model designed by Marc Bohan at Dior, introducing the "Air France" model into its haute couture
1521:. Passengers are also exposed to this type of cosmic radiation, but they spend considerably less time on average in the air than crew members. An online travel agency report found, in particular, that travelling adults in
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474:. Also in 1968, the EEOC ruled that sex was not a bona fide occupational requirement to be a flight attendant. The restriction of hiring only women was lifted at all airlines in 1971 due to the decisive court case of
3370:...Education level Advanced Diploma/Diploma: 17.6% Bachelor degree: 15.7% Certificate III/IV: 17.3% Post Graduate/Graduate Diploma or Graduate Certificate: 2.5% Year 10 and below: 5.2% Year 11: 4.2% Year 12: 37.5%
188:. Additionally, the job of a flight attendant revolves around safety to a much greater extent than those of similar staff on other forms of transportation. Flight attendants on board a flight collectively form a
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aircraft sustained serious damage to one of its engines and crash landed. The NTSB accident report commended "the exemplary manner in which the flight attendant briefed the passengers and handled the emergency".
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airline for several years prior to application for, and further training to become a purser, and normally earn a higher salary than flight attendants because of the added responsibility and supervisory role.
1529:, a flight attendant can spend up to 30 hours of flight time in seven consecutive days and in some cases more. The effect of cosmic radiation on air crew members is a subject of a growing body of research.
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2064:, the two forward flight attendants, Arthur Bradbury and Joanna Toff, repeatedly crawled into the smoke filled and burning cabin to drag a number of passengers to safety, and were subsequently awarded the
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Female flight attendants rapidly replaced male ones, and by 1936, they had all but taken over the role. They were selected not only for their knowledge but also for their physical characteristics. A 1936
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as the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfil the emotional requirements of a job through a publicly visible facial and bodily display within the workplace (as opposed to the concept of
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and coloured lights above their stations. While the colours and chimes are not universal and may vary between airlines and aircraft types, these colours and chimes are generally the most commonly used:
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I am sure these people were once normal. That is until they walked into BA's superior 'trolley dolly' school. From day one, I am positive it was drummed into them that all economy passengers are scum.
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often use actual airline equipment for their lessons, though some are equipped with full simulator cabins capable of replicating a number of emergency situations. In some countries, such as France, a
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an emphasis in customer service or public relations is another excellent option. If you are especially interested in international flights, you might consider getting a degree in a foreign language.
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Grajewski, Barbara; Whelan, Elizabeth A.; Lawson, Christina C.; Hein, Misty J.; Waters, Martha A.; Anderson, Jeri L.; MacDonald, Leslie A.; Mertens, Christopher J.; Tseng, Chih-Yu (March 2015).
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Hainan
Airlines debuted the collection at the 2017 Laurence Xu Haute Couture Show at Paris Couture Week Fall/Winter 2017 – cementing the airline's status as a fashion force to be reckoned with.
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Hochschild also writes of how flight attendants are trained to control passengers' feelings during times of turbulence and dangerous situations while suppressing their own fear or anxiety.
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During the mid-1990s, several US-based airlines required female flight attendants to wear shoes with heels. Minimum heel heights ranged from one-half inch to the two inches mandated by
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Okabe, Noriko (2019). "Role
Ambiguity and Trust Repair of Flight Attendants: Emotional Labor of Human Service Employees". In Kantola, Jussi Ilari; Nazir, Salman; Barath, Tibor (eds.).
1647:. Studies in the United States and Australia have found that the vast majority (two-thirds) of flight attendants experience sexual harassment in the course of their careers, including
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2120:, in which Kelly Duncan, the lone surviving flight attendant, passed the only life vest she could find to a passenger. She is recognised in the NTSB report for this "unselfish act".
1903:(NTSB) and other aviation authorities view flight attendants as essential for safety, and are thus usually required on Part 121 aircraft operations. Studies, some done in light of
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were formed, beginning at United
Airlines in the 1940s, to negotiate improvements in pay, benefits and working conditions. Those unions would later challenge what they perceived as
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Lee, Chongho; An, Myungsook; Noh, Yonghwi (1 September 2015). "The effects of emotional display rules on flight attendants' emotional labor strategy, job burnout and performance".
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value of their female flight attendants, more feminine lines and colours began to appear in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Some airlines began to commission designs from high-end
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674:. More frequent situations may include a bleeding nose, illness, small injuries, intoxicated passengers, aggressive and anxiety stricken passengers. Emergency training includes
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the speed-up with a slowdown: they smile less broadly, with a quick release and no sparkle in the eyes, thus dimming the company's message to the people. It is a war of smiles.
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with reports of the latter increasing with every five years spent in the job. The study did not look into what causes this increase, but the authors said increased exposure to
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and chief steward are often used interchangeably describing personnel with similar duties among seafaring occupations. This lingual derivation results from the international
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difficulties among many others that have been reported by flight attendants, particularly on long-haul routes. There is also much concern regarding the transmission of
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2068:. The two rear flight attendants, Sharon Ford and Jacqui Ubanski, who opened the rear doors but were overwhelmed by fire and smoke were awarded the same medal posthumously.
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to New York, the first time such a position had been held by an
African American. She was let go within six months as a result of Mohawk's then-common marriage ban.
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1678:, i.e. the management of one's feelings in private life) was first established and linked to the profession of flight attendants by Professor Emerita of Sociology
1388:. Flight attendants at times avoided censure by changing into more comfortable shoes during flights, since their supervisors were less likely to be present there.
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In 1968, the EEOC declared age restrictions on flight attendants' employment to be illegal sex discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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1883:. Also, during the 1980s and 1990s, more males were allowed to apply as flight attendants, helping to create more usage of this term. More recently the term
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attendants because of the belief women would be less appealing and attractive after this age. Many of the women were recruited as seniors in college and in
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flight attendants are required to change from their corporate purple suits into traditional Thai costume prior to passengers boarding. While the uniform of
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may apply for future consideration). 5'2" but no more than 5'9", weight 105 to 135 in proportion to height and have at least 20/40 vision without glasses.
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represents the flight attendants of
American Airlines, the world's largest carrier. APFA is the largest independent flight attendant union in the world.
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were designed to be durable, practical, and inspire confidence in passengers with the first female flight attendants dressing in uniforms resembling
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flight attendants are often in demand to accommodate international travellers. The languages most in demand, other than
English, are French, Russian,
3958:"Estimating the health consequences of flight attendant work: comparing flight attendant health to the general population in a cross-sectional study"
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1060:. Other airlines also sent their attendants to the school. However, during the fare wars, the school's viability declined and it closed around 1988.
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enough to put a stop to harassment", and that "they have not noticed any employer efforts over the past year to address sexual harassment at work."
1579:. An open question remains whether these complaints are due to poor cabin air quality or to other factors inherent in flights, such as lowered
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The role of a flight attendant is to "provide routine services and respond to emergencies to ensure the safety and comfort of airline passengers".
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of the United
Kingdom had "cabin boys" or "stewards"; in the 1920s. In the US, Stout Airways was the first to employ stewards in 1926, working on
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2074:, when cabin crew recognised an emergency landing was imminent and commanded the passengers to "bend down ... hold your knees" to adopt the
1907:, have concluded that assertive cabin crew are essential for the rapid evacuation of aeroplanes. Notable examples of cabin crew actions include:
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4096:"Association between respiratory tract diseases and secondhand smoke exposure among never smoking flight attendants: a cross-sectional survey"
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has begun to replace 'flight attendants' in some parts of the world, because of the term's recognition of their role as members of the crew.
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was hijacked. She was killed while protecting children from the terrorists. After her death she received the
Special Courage Award from the
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cancers reported in flight attendants in contrast to the general population. Specifically, the increased cancer cases reported were seen in
325:. Lead flight attendants would in many instances also perform the role of purser, steward, or chief steward in modern aviation terminology.
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Safety training includes, but is not limited to: emergency passenger evacuation management, use of evacuation slides/life rafts, in-flight
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The majority of flight attendants for most airlines are female, though a substantial number of males have entered the industry since 1980.
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828:: call from passenger in lavatory (steady with single high chime), or lavatory smoke detector set off (flashing with repeated high chime).
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successfully evacuated all passengers from the aircraft within 90 seconds despite the fact that the rear was rapidly filling with water.
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prevented their plane from being hijacked by a passenger with mental health issues. Two of them were taken to hospital with stab wounds.
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From Skygirl to Flight Attendant, Women and the Making of a Union by Georgia Panter Nielsen, ILR Press/Cornell, Ithaca, New York (1982)
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performed by flight attendants and cross-cultural aspects of it have since been actively studied and are a topic of ongoing research.
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2058:(FSF) Heroism Award for her brave handling of tense and dangerous situation during the 13 days of the Flight PK-326 hijacking ordeal.
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USAir flight attendant Richard DeMary helped to evacuate surviving passengers and another crew member from the burning wreckage of
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2084:, whose sole flight attendant, Robin Fech, provided emergency briefings, brace and evacuation commands to the passengers when the
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recalled when interviewed in 2018 that "you had to be able to speak another language" when working in the industry in the 1970s.
349:, led to large numbers of applicants for the few positions available. Two thousand women applied for just 43 positions offered by
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Taylor, Ian; Brotheridge, Céleste M. (1 January 2006), "Chapter 7 Cultural Differences in Emotional Labor in Flight Attendants",
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Feijo, Denise; Luiz, Ronir R.; Camara, Volney M. (April 2014). "Common mental disorders among civil aviation flight attendants".
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having worked in other occupations, often as teachers. Graduates holding degrees, including those with studies in one or more
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2842:"Patricia Noisette Banks Edmiston reflects on being one of the first Black commercial airline flight attendants - CBS New York"
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A flight attendant's presentation has changed over the decades. Many early uniforms had a strongly military appearance; hats,
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are in their upright positions, armrests down and carry-ons stowed correctly and seat belts are fastened prior to take-off.
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In the wake of these attacks, many flight attendants at major airlines were laid off because of decreased passenger loads.
1278:. However, by the 1960s a number of airlines were promoting their flight attendant's uniforms as evoking the refinement of
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On most commercial airliners, flight attendants receive various forms of notification on board the aircraft in the form of
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debuted their new flight attendant's uniforms at the 2017 Laurence Xu Haute Couture Show at Paris Couture Week in 2017.
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flight attendant in the United States. Hired in December 1957, on 11 February 1958, Taylor was the flight attendant on a
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In the 1960s and 1970s, many airlines began advertising the attractiveness and friendliness of their flight attendants.
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In the United States, they were required to be unmarried and were fired if they decided to wed. The requirement to be a
278:, the first flight attendant in Europe, hired in May 1934. She was killed on the plane pictured behind her, in the July
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or monitor passengers as they watch a safety video. They then must "secure the cabin" ensuring tray tables are stowed,
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2963:"EEOC finally rules that gender is not a bona fide occupational qualification « National Organization for Women"
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were required to wear British Airways' standard "ambassador" uniform, which has not traditionally included trousers.
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requires flight attendants on aircraft with 20 or more seats and used by an air carrier for transportation to hold a
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2802:"Airline Travel...What You Really Need To Know!!!: The First African-American Flight Attendant in the United States"
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was the world's first flight attendant, in 1912. Kubis first attended to the passengers on board the DELAG Zeppelin
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5043:. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 783. Springer International Publishing. pp. 84–96.
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spend on average 306 hours on flights to holiday destinations during their lifetime. In contrast, according to the
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Griffiths, Robin F.; Powell, David M. C. (May 2012). "The occupational health and safety of flight attendants".
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3178:"Transportation and Material Moving Occupations: Occupational Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
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by their respective countries, the U.S. Merchant Marine assigns such duties to the chief steward in the overall
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Tokumaru, Osamu; Haruki, Kosuke; Bacal, Kira; Katagiri, Tomomi; Yamamoto, Taisuke; Sakurai, Yutaka (May 2006).
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Actions of flight attendants in emergencies have long been credited in saving lives; in the United States, the
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Ebbert, Jon O; Croghan, Ivana T; Schroeder, Darrell R; Murawski, Judith; Hurt, Richard D (26 September 2007).
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have long sponsored international sporting events and employ their flight attendants to present awards at
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which is a form of radiation that comes from space and intensifies as altitude above sea level increases. The
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6554:
6415:
6160:
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Williams, Claire (1 November 2003). "Sky Service: The Demands of Emotional Labour in the Airline Industry".
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2025:, then walked 4 mi (6.4 km) through a snowstorm to find help, before returning to the crash scene.
1978:
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A high school graduate, single (widows and divorcees with no children considered), 20 years of age (girls 19
225:
and was on board when it burst into flames. He survived by jumping out a window when it neared the ground.
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4428:"CDC - Aircrew Safety and Health - Cosmic Ionizing Radiation - NIOSH Workplace Safety & Health Topics"
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during the emergency was exceptional and probably contributed to the success of the emergency evacuation."
1944:
1747:
1547:(NCRP) reports that aircrew have the largest average annual effective dose of all U.S. radiation workers.
1494:
298:
5119:, Research on Emotion in Organizations, vol. 2, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 167–191,
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5216:"Inside the life of an Aussie flight attendant working for Emirates - from job perks to living in Dubai"
4427:
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2211:
2186:
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signed the Civil Rights Act into law which prohibited sex discrimination and led to the creation of the
1812:
In the UK, cabin crew can be represented by either Cabin Crew '89, or the much larger and more powerful
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equipment. All hot liquids must be disposed of. A final cabin check must then be completed prior to
647:
to landing, all loose items, trays and rubbish must be collected and secured along with service and
425:
on an American airline was relaxed as more women were hired, and disappeared almost entirely during
46:"Cabin crew", "Stewardess", "Stewardesses", and "Air hostess" redirect here. For the music duo, see
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2196:, which crashed during a go-around in adverse weather conditions after a failed landing attempt at
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Once up in the air, flight attendants will usually serve drinks and/or food to passengers using an
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5157:
5062:
5021:
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McNeely, Eileen; Mordukhovich, Irina; Tideman, Samuel; Gale, Sara; Coull, Brent (23 March 2018).
3897:"Qantas allowing male cabin crew members to wear makeup and women to scrap high-heels - CBS News"
3710:
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2233:. Though one passenger was killed during the explosion, they took care of the injured passengers.
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1948:
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for summer. But as the role of women in the air grew, and airline companies began to realise the
691:
596:(flash lights) and firefighting equipment are on board and in proper condition. They monitor the
1943:) actively attempted to protect passengers from assault, and also provided vital information to
1004:
Minimum entry requirements for a career as a flight attendant is usually the completion of the
5313:
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1731:
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1631:
until 1998 with partial smoking bans enacted in 1988. The long-term effects of this historical
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in 1960 following a legal complaint which resulted in the airline being required to hire her.
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successfully evacuated the aircraft within 90 seconds after the A340-300 overran a runway at
1319:
Since the 1980s, Asian airlines, especially national flag carrier ones, usually feature the
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Flight attendants are trained to deal with a wide variety of emergencies, and are trained in
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5377:"14 CFR 121.391 – Flight attendants. | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute"
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3836:"Because It Is 2016, British Airways Finally Agrees Female Employees May Wear Pants To Work"
2686:
2677:
Boris, Eileen (2006). "Desirable Dress: Rosies, Sky Girls, and the Politics of Appearance".
2033:
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2725:
2518:"Before the Stewardess, the Steward: When Flight Attendants Were Men – Sociological Images"
2218:. The NTSB stated that the actions of the cabin crew contributed to the 100% survival rate.
1307:(PSA) was known for brightly coloured female flight attendant uniforms that included short
1242:(PSA) was known for brightly coloured female flight attendant uniforms that included short
309:(Pan Am) (1929) were the first US carriers to employ stewards to serve food. Ten-passenger
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3765:"'I don't think the girls thought they could question it': high heels policy study author"
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5994:
The Great Stewardess Rebellion: How Women Launched a Workplace Revolution at 30,000 Feet
5969:
The Great Stewardess Rebellion: How Women Launched a Workplace Revolution at 30,000 Feet
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When Everything Changed: The Amazing Journey of American Women from 1960 to the Present
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184:, but has more direct involvement with passengers because of the confined quarters on
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Poor cabin air quality is a subject of ongoing study in relation to symptoms such as
1486:
1451:
1427:
1280:
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1005:
773:
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388:
290:
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and agreements, in which all ships' personnel who sail internationally are similarly
229:
4796:"Majority of flight attendants have experienced sexual harassment, new survey finds"
1202:
and brass buttons. Many uniforms had a summer and winter version, differentiated by
271:
6931:
6848:
6838:
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6803:
6616:
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5850:
5577:
4523:
Pinkerton, Lynne E.; Hein, Misty J.; Grajewski, Barbara; Kamel, Freya (July 2016).
3867:"Virgin Atlantic Won't Make Female Flight Attendants Wear Makeup or Skirts Anymore"
3254:"Flight Attendants: Occupational Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
2258:
2099:
2022:
1675:
1591:, etc. Other chemical contaminants found in the cabin may include engine leakages,
1576:
1454:(3.4% of flight crew compared to 2.3% in the general population - a 50% increase),
1325:
1320:
1064:
617:
333:
318:
275:
153:
5376:
2908:
2021:
In April 1936, flight attendant Nellie Granger aided survivors after the crash of
1854:
discrimination, and brought many cases to court. In 1964, United States President
1410:
began to allow its female flight attendants to wear trousers and not wear makeup.
1365:
5993:
5915:
5894:
4170:
7151:
7105:
6976:
6842:
6758:
6580:
6537:
6453:
5917:
Plane Queer: Labor, Sexuality, and AIDS in the History of Male Flight Attendants
5633:
5409:
5048:
2334:
2098:, died saving passengers from an on-board fire and was posthumously awarded the
1967:
1787:
1651:, inappropriate touching and sexual comments both by colleagues and passengers.
1537:
1533:
1490:
1467:
1044:
925:
850:
804:), this light is accompanied by a high-medium-low chime to call the purser. The
711:
663:
515:
160:, flight attendants are primarily responsible for passenger safety and comfort.
4581:"Lack of Sleep Increases Your Risk of Some Cancers – National Sleep Foundation"
4525:"Mortality From Neurodegenerative Diseases in a Cohort of US Flight Attendants"
3928:"Qantas to allow flat shoes, makeup and long hair for cabin crew of any gender"
3000:
17:
7195:
6508:
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245:
47:
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4121:
4072:
3983:
2993:"Male Stewardesses: Male Flight Attendants as a Queer Miscarriage of Justice"
1802:, representing nearly 60,000 flight attendants at 19 airlines within the US.
1536:
than the general population, which can make these workers more vulnerable to
1466:(0.67% compared to 0.56%) and higher rates of both melanoma and non-melanoma
1270:
wore green berets, green capes and nurse's shoes and other airlines, such as
7190:
6448:
5731:
5152:
5117:
Individual and Organizational Perspectives on Emotion Management and Display
5093:
2428:
1932:
1592:
1572:
1369:
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1223:
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314:
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4112:
4080:
4016:"Flight attendants have a higher risk of all types of cancers, finds study"
4001:
1493:, reduced respiratory health, adverse reproductive and perinatal outcomes,
228:
Origins of the word "steward" in transportation are reflected in the term "
3208:"eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations: Title 14, §121.391 Flight attendants"
2398:
1750:
began a "Fly Me"; campaign using attractive female flight attendants with
6866:
6565:
6483:
6340:
6114:
5556:
4384:
3736:
Jane C. Banaszak-Holl; Sandra R. Levitsky; Mayer N. Zald (24 June 2010).
2846:
2629:"Liberation at 30,000 Feet: On the Freedom of Early Airline Stewardesses"
2318:
2303:
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1724:
1588:
1556:
1431:
1312:
1247:
1231:
1103:
631:
627:
609:
573:
185:
176:
The role of a flight attendant derives from that of similar positions on
4642:"Flying the smoky skies: secondhand smoke exposure of flight attendants"
1627:
Many of the flight attendants working today were exposed to second-hand
1292:, introducing the "Air France" model into its Haute couture collection.
6788:
6780:
6570:
6533:
6440:
6272:
6119:
6048:
4540:
2177:
suffered a decompression which tore an 18-foot (5.5 m) section of
1992: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1919:
when flight attendants (such as Sandra W. Bradshaw and CeeCee Lyles of
1915:
The role of flight attendants received heightened prominence after the
1751:
1560:
1259:
1207:
1203:
1161:
1037:
1013:
686:, on-board births and deaths, dangerous goods and spills in the cabin,
682:, cardiac and in-flight medical situations, smoke in the cabin, fires,
652:
540: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
294:
201:
193:
145:
6009:
5197:
Serling, Robert (13 September 1963). "They Don't Want Wings Clipped".
2225:
kept the passengers calm after a bomb exploded during the flight from
600:
for any unusual smells or situations. They assist with the loading of
6518:
6325:
4047:"Incidence of cancer among female flight attendants: a meta-analysis"
3326:
3253:
1791:
1698:
emotional exchange gives way to corporate use of emotional exchange.
1604:
1497:, and higher rates of mental health conditions in flight attendants.
1414:
1333:
1263:
1211:
1191:
1184:
987:
797:
787:
361:
310:
237:
5947:
The Jet Sex: Airline Stewardesses and the Making of an American Icon
4488:
Rayman, Russell B. (March 2002). "Cabin air quality: an overview".
1830:
In New Zealand, flight attendants can be represented by either the
5283:
2230:
1730:
1715:
1564:
1392:
1385:
1357:
1337:
1298:
1195:
1175:
1132:
657:
622:
612:
are willing and able to assist in an evacuation. They then give a
567:
412:
355:
341:
270:
167:
4698:"The sexual harassment of flight attendants is a massive problem"
3322:"When Flying, is Taking off Really More Dangerous Than Landing?"
2226:
1373:
1289:
1238:
to create distinctive and attractive apparel. During the 1960s,
483:
and may require flight attendants to pass a medical evaluation.
391:
for stewardesses at Eastern Airlines listed these requirements:
6013:
5705:
4740:
3739:
Social Movements and the Transformation of American Health Care
268:
of which pursers are not positionally represented or rostered.
5680:. airdisaster.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2007.
2749:"Femininity in Flight – Flight attendants & labor history"
1961:
1823:(FAAA). There are two divisions: one for international crews (
1505:
Flight attendants and crew members are known to be exposed to
919:
844:
820:: call from passenger in seat (steady with single high chime).
705:
509:
30:
This article is about the occupation. Not to be confused with
5473:"Winged Hostess: The girl on the plane may also be a heroine"
3680:"Sight: Inspired by the Rich Textile Tradition of Indonesia"
1012:. Many prospective attendants have a post-secondary school
1841:
In Canada, flight attendants are represented by either the
5041:
Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Society
3413:"Flight Attendant Certificate of Demonstrated Proficiency"
1845:(CUPE) or by the Canadian Flight Attendants Union (CFAU).
588:. A safety check is conducted to ensure equipment such as
4934:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 127.
4901:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 165.
3125:. U.S. Department of Labor – Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2898:
2896:
4967:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 90.
4868:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 16.
4301:"Brits will spend 12 days onboard flights in a lifetime"
2548:"History of Flight Attendant Uniforms – AOL Travel News"
6630:
Air route authority between the United States and China
3243:". Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
2149:, cabin crew stopped the plane from being crashed by a
1819:
In Australia, flight attendants are represented by the
1198:
showed simple straight lines and military details like
812:
while using pink for interphone calls from the cockpit.
5427:"Evacuation Commands for Optimal Passenger Management"
5310:"Association of Professional Flight Attendants – Home"
1532:
Cabin crew members are also regularly exposed to more
4965:
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
4932:
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
4899:
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
4866:
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
4833:
The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling
4611:"Study Examines Cancer Rates Among Flight Attendants"
3794:
Yedidyah Ben Or, 10/09/15 12:26 (10 September 2015).
2040:
and India's highest civilian honour for bravery, the
5896:
Femininity in Flight: A History of Flight Attendants
5595:"NTSB Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Inc., Flight 529"
5363:
Femininity in Flight: A History of Flight Attendants
4208:
4206:
3466:"Flight Attendant Jobs for Second Language Speakers"
328:
The first female flight attendant was a 25-year-old
7183:
7150:
7020:
6857:
6779:
6739:
6615:
6592:
6532:
6439:
6339:
6271:
6148:
6105:
6047:
5309:
3796:"El Al Flight Attendants Say Goodbye to High Heels"
3123:"Occupational Outlook Handbook – Flight Attendants"
248:) dating back to the 14th century and the civilian
5951:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
5944:
4459:"Why Cancer Rates Are Higher in Flight Attendants"
3707:"Smart Women, Stupid Shoes, and Cynical Employers"
3152:"Flight Attendants: Occupational Outlook Handbook"
2456:"The First Flight Attendant: Heinrich Kubis, 1912"
1832:Flight Attendants and Related Services Association
1266:' outfits. The first female flight attendants for
252:on which US aviation is somewhat modelled. Due to
156:and some government aircraft. Collectively called
80:flight attendant directing a passenger to his seat
4771:"TWU – Transport Workers Union (TWU) – Campaigns"
3625:"Are these the coolest cabin crew uniforms ever?"
3552:: October 1, 2001-Under the Radar by Doug Donovan
3234:The Changing Demography of U.S. Flight Attendants
5920:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
5365:. Durham, NC: Duke University. pp. 128–129.
5336:"Newsroom – Home – American Airlines Group, Inc"
3232:Saenz, Rogelio and Evans, Louwanda (June 2009) "
2131:hijacking by assisting with negotiation efforts.
6669:Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives
3521:"Becoming a Flight Attendant – Air New Zealand"
3053:
3051:
2654:"63 Years Flying, From Glamour to Days of Gray"
1288:launched a new model designed by Marc Bohan at
1274:, actually dressed female flight attendants in
584:conditions are discussed including anticipated
5284:"Association of Flight Attendants – About AFA"
3508:"You had to be able to speak another language'
3087:
3085:
3020:
3018:
2965:. 350fem.blogs.brynmawr.edu. 3 February 1968.
1043:Flight attendants are normally trained in the
6025:
2679:International Labor and Working Class History
1836:Engineering, Printing and Manufacturing Union
1807:Association of Professional Flight Attendants
1315:. Photo shows PSA flight attendants in 1960s.
1311:. In the early 1970s, the uniform changed to
1246:. In the early 1970s, the uniform changed to
1016:in an area such as tourism and a number hold
317:had stewards in the era of gambling trips to
8:
4835:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3926:Press, Australian Associated (9 June 2023).
2460:Airships: The Hindenburg and other Zeppelins
2032:saved the lives of passengers and crew when
1643:Flight attendants are exposed to verbal and
1485:Other studies have found increased rates of
1462:(0.47% compared to 0.27% – a 74% increase),
455:became the first black flight attendant for
4490:Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
4258:Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
4215:Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
3820:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3492:"Life Really is Normal - most of the time!"
2986:
2984:
2826:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1827:) and one for domestic crews (short-haul).
1821:Flight Attendants' Association of Australia
1635:exposure have not been well characterized.
1511:International Agency for Research on Cancer
954:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
879:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
740:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
6032:
6018:
6010:
4422:
4420:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2491:. Guinness World Records Limited. p.
2050:, Pakistani flight attendant (employee of
1599:, which contain compounds that may act as
4673:
4556:
4400:
4186:
4129:
4111:
4062:
3991:
3973:
3544:
3542:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2008:Learn how and when to remove this message
1258:In the 1930s, the first flight attendant
1079:, ditching/emergency landing procedures,
974:Learn how and when to remove this message
899:Learn how and when to remove this message
760:Learn how and when to remove this message
556:Learn how and when to remove this message
3742:. Oxford University Press. p. 294.
1545:National Council on Radiation Protection
1399:Until 2016, some female crew members on
808:uses a separate red light to indicate a
71:
4529:American Journal of Industrial Medicine
4373:Occupational and Environmental Medicine
3494:. UK Daily Telegraph. 1 December 2018.
2390:
2248:
2198:Charlotte Douglas International Airport
1860:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
1426:A 2018 study found higher instances of
1332:female flight attendants is a modified
1183:flight attendants in uniform featuring
1096:Certificate of Demonstrated Proficiency
464:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
172:Dutch flight attendants, Istanbul, 1959
5874:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5867:
5683:
5448:
5446:
3813:
3654:"The world's best airline is ..."
3425:from the original on 12 September 2022
3158:from the original on 12 September 2023
3129:from the original on 12 September 2023
2939:. Femininity in Flight. Archived from
2907:. Femininity in Flight. Archived from
2819:
2550:. AOL. 17 October 2011. Archived from
2082:Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529
1164:, have height requirements for purely
702:Cabin chimes and overhead panel lights
122:
94:
7232:Personal care and service occupations
5899:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
5738:from the original on 22 February 2023
5732:"Crew's training saved terror flight"
5607:from the original on 22 February 2023
5471:Grahama, Frederick (7 January 1940).
5383:from the original on 22 February 2023
5316:from the original on 21 December 2016
4823:
4821:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4348:from the original on 22 February 2023
4155:"Miscarriage Among Flight Attendants"
4026:from the original on 22 February 2023
3951:
3949:
3600:from the original on 25 February 2024
3564:"Flight attendants through the years"
3447:Certificat de Formation à la Sécurité
3260:from the original on 11 February 2012
3188:from the original on 1 September 2023
3146:
3144:
3093:"Accord on Flight Attendants' Weight"
2216:Toronto Pearson International Airport
1160:restrictions. Some airlines, such as
1117:Certificat de formation à la sécurité
351:Transcontinental and Western Airlines
136:
108:
7:
5814:"243 is horrific Aloha flight story"
5764:from the original on 15 January 2009
5760:. news.bbc.co.uk. 23 December 2001.
5758:"Explosives scare forces down plane"
5734:. news.bbc.co.uk. 29 December 2000.
5712:from the original on 26 January 2021
5656:. amelia.db.erau.edu. Archived from
5576:. home3.inet.tele.dk. Archived from
4745:Association of Flight Attendants-CWA
4591:from the original on 4 December 2020
4369:"Cosmic rays: are air crew at risk?"
4339:U.S. Federal Aviation Administration
3498:from the original on 6 December 2018
3389:from the original on 31 January 2024
3360:from the original on 31 January 2024
2579:"Air hostess finds life adventurous"
2379:Flight attendants in popular culture
2127:who protected passengers during the
1990:adding citations to reliable sources
1901:National Transportation Safety Board
1814:Transport and General Workers' Union
1517:lists ionizing radiation as a known
1478:, poor cabin air quality as well as
1106:), on which the holder has trained.
952:adding citations to reliable sources
877:adding citations to reliable sources
738:adding citations to reliable sources
538:adding citations to reliable sources
375:article described the requirements:
5483:from the original on 28 August 2018
4438:from the original on 18 August 2023
3334:from the original on 14 August 2023
3154:. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
3060:"Public & Private; In Thin Air"
2038:United States Department of Justice
1875:had generally been replaced by the
340:in 1930, she also first envisioned
5816:. starbulletin.com. Archived from
5784:"Heroes foil Qantas hijack attack"
5290:from the original on 4 August 2023
4963:Hochschild, Arlie Russell (1983).
4930:Hochschild, Arlie Russell (1983).
4897:Hochschild, Arlie Russell (1983).
4864:Hochschild, Arlie Russell (1983).
4806:from the original on 28 March 2023
4621:from the original on 16 April 2023
3846:from the original on 4 August 2016
3682:. Garuda Indonesia. Archived from
3354:"How to become a Flight Attendant"
3103:from the original on 22 April 2022
3070:from the original on 22 April 2022
3036:from the original on 22 April 2022
2800:Blkav8tor2003 (12 February 2010).
2635:from the original on 15 March 2021
1843:Canadian Union of Public Employees
1527:US Federal Aviation Administration
1482:and meal cycles could be factors.
608:. They make sure those sitting in
25:
6607:Environmental effects of aviation
5248:from the original on 16 July 2024
5222:from the original on 16 July 2024
5182:. United Airlines. Archived from
4716:from the original on 26 July 2023
4457:Nierenberg, Cari (26 June 2018).
4367:Lim, M; Bagshaw, M. (July 2002).
3934:from the original on 22 July 2024
3877:from the original on 6 March 2019
3631:from the original on 17 July 2024
3574:from the original on 31 July 2014
3356:. Good Universities Guide. 2024.
3299:from the original on 22 July 2024
2969:from the original on 22 July 2015
2873:Collins, Gail (14 October 2009).
2854:from the original on 30 June 2023
2808:from the original on 4 March 2016
2775:"Welcome to the Boonville Herald"
2712:Conrard, Don (16 November 2005).
2591:from the original on 22 July 2024
2528:from the original on 9 April 2022
2466:from the original on 11 July 2017
2352:List of notable flight attendants
2333:Emirates flight attendant in the
1754:such as "I'm Lorraine. Fly me to
1656:pornographic videos and pictures.
1230:and still others called in noted
280:1934 Swissair Tuttlingen accident
218:. He also attended to the famous
5794:from the original on 26 May 2016
4751:from the original on 5 June 2023
4469:from the original on 27 May 2023
4064:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2006.00029.x
3907:from the original on 18 May 2024
3865:Yeginsu, Ceylan (5 March 2019).
3802:from the original on 6 June 2019
3775:from the original on 6 June 2019
2781:from the original on 8 July 2011
2405:from the original on 4 July 2008
2363:
2326:
2311:
2296:
2281:
2266:
2251:
2072:Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751
1966:
1800:Association of Flight Attendants
1723:flight attendants (Tourist Fair
924:
849:
710:
604:, checking for weight, size and
514:
7201:Aviation taxation and subsidies
7160:Aircraft maintenance technician
6972:Pre-flight safety demonstration
6741:Intergovernmental organizations
5966:Wulfhart, Nell McShane (2022).
5555:. 2 August 2009. Archived from
5537:. 2 August 2009. Archived from
5511:. 20 April 1936. Archived from
5082:Gender, Work & Organization
3705:Linder, Marc (1 January 1997).
3214:from the original on 6 May 2021
2879:. Little, Brown. pp. 59–.
2210:Nine cabin crew members aboard
2052:Pakistan International Airlines
1977:needs additional citations for
1474:from time spent in the thinner
1120:(Safety training certificate).
1114:is required, together with the
1092:Federal Aviation Administration
578:pre-flight safety demonstration
525:needs additional citations for
5503:"Transport: On Cheat Mountain"
5403:"Evacuate, Evacuate, Evacuate"
3058:Quindlen, Anna (16 May 1993).
3026:"United Settles Sex-Bias Case"
2614:"The air hostess carries on",
2431:. 9 April 2012. Archived from
2276:flight attendants in the 1960s
2223:Philippine Airlines Flight 434
1603:and increase the risk of some
1336:, inspired by the traditional
1040:can be favoured by employers.
576:flight attendant performing a
1:
7080:Flight cancellation and delay
6674:European Common Aviation Area
5632:. casa.gov.au. Archived from
5454:"Flight attendant history 10"
5432:. atsb.gov.au. Archived from
5408:. casa.gov.au. Archived from
5242:"Emirates sponsors Wimbledon"
5125:10.1016/s1746-9791(06)02007-4
2587:. 12 April 1936. p. N1.
2454:Grossman, Dan (9 July 2010).
1760:Braniff International Airways
1615:Flight attendants often have
1391:In 2015, the Israeli airline
666:delivering in-flight services
250:United States Merchant Marine
5456:. united.com. Archived from
5180:"Flight attendant history 2"
4171:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000225
2937:"Timeline of Discrimination"
2905:"Timeline of Discrimination"
2399:"Cabin Managers – Corporate"
2094:, where a flight attendant,
1863:effectiveness as employees.
384:Three decades later, a 1966
65:Air Hostess (disambiguation)
7035:Airline reservations system
6987:Special visual flight rules
5651:"Full NTSB Accident Report"
5049:10.1007/978-3-319-94709-9_9
2618:. 19 April 1936. Page XX12.
2488:Guinness World Records 2014
2158:American Airlines Flight 63
2147:British Airways Flight 2069
2112:Southern Airways Flight 242
2106:British Airways Flight 5390
2062:British Airtours Flight 28M
1941:American Airlines Flight 11
1929:American Airlines Flight 77
1905:British Airtours Flight 28M
1712:Sponsorship and advertising
1364:flight attendants wear red
1010:International Baccalaureate
417:Flight attendant circa 1970
7253:
7090:Government contract flight
6952:Flight information service
6696:Hague Hijacking Convention
6689:EU–US Open Skies Agreement
6281:Pilot in command (Captain)
5943:Vantoch, Victoria (2013).
5790:. Melbourne. 30 May 2003.
4332:"Flight Attendant Fatigue"
4051:Journal of Travel Medicine
2425:"1A6X1 – Flight Attendant"
2349:
2164:from blowing up the plane.
1951:, as did many passengers.
1925:United Airlines Flight 175
1458:(1.0% compared to 0.70%),
1376:on all passenger flights.
1305:Pacific Southwest Airlines
1240:Pacific Southwest Airlines
1090:In the United States, the
307:Pan American World Airways
45:
29:
6947:Flight information region
6514:Low-cost carrier terminal
6062:Airline holding companies
5690:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
5010:10.1007/s11628-014-0231-4
4829:Hochschild, Arlie Russell
3975:10.1186/s12889-018-5221-3
3942:– via The Guardian.
2691:10.1017/S014754790600007X
2346:Notable flight attendants
2221:The flight attendants of
2175:Aloha Airlines Flight 243
1921:United Airlines Flight 93
1515:World Health Organization
1507:cosmic ionizing radiation
1396:requirement was removed.
1372:flight attendants wear a
1360:prints in their uniform.
1218:for winter, for example,
1081:decompression emergencies
1006:final year of high school
254:international conventions
244:maritime tradition (i.e.
57:. For the 1969 film, see
50:. For the 1967 film, see
7165:Aircraft ground handling
7007:Upper information region
6922:Civil aviation authority
6711:Paris Convention of 1919
5893:Barry, Kathleen (2007).
5361:Barry, Kathleen (2007).
4640:Repace, J (March 2004).
3798:. Israel National News.
2659:22 February 2023 at the
2237:Some exceptions include
2086:Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia
2056:Flight Safety Foundation
1623:Secondhand tobacco smoke
1495:musculoskeletal injuries
1085:crew resource management
1056:(TWA) opened in 1969 in
480:Airline Deregulation Act
472:Civil Rights Act of 1964
360:Washing dishes during a
192:, as distinguished from
7237:Occupations in aviation
6997:Terminal control center
6962:Instrument flight rules
6819:Baggage handling system
6625:Air transport agreement
6416:In-flight entertainment
5972:. New York: Doubleday.
5914:Tiemeyer, Phil (2013).
5094:10.1111/1468-0432.00210
4585:www.sleepfoundation.org
3279:Goddard, Steve (2009).
2485:Glenday, Craig (2013).
2066:Queen's Gallantry Medal
1945:air traffic controllers
1460:gastrointestinal cancer
1356:flight attendants wear
1346:Lereng Garuda Indonesia
640:airline service trolley
453:Patricia Banks-Edmiston
7122:Round-the-world ticket
7085:Frequent-flyer program
4658:10.1136/tc.2003.003111
4270:10.3357/ASEM.3768.2014
4227:10.3357/ASEM.3186.2012
4113:10.1186/1476-069X-6-28
3452:4 October 2012 at the
2306:flight attendant, 1953
2205:US Airways Flight 1549
2160:prevented shoe bomber
2054:) who received 1985's
1743:
1728:
1695:
1658:
1617:disrupted sleep cycles
1344:, the motif is called
1316:
1187:
667:
662:Flight attendants for
635:
580:
441:first African-American
429:as many nurses joined
418:
407:
382:
365:
299:Grand Rapids, Michigan
283:
236:terminology. The term
173:
144:), is a member of the
81:
63:. For other uses, see
27:Position in an aircrew
7112:Passenger name record
7030:Airline booking ploys
7002:Uncontrolled airspace
6992:Terminal control area
6594:Environmental effects
6504:International airport
6411:Crew rest compartment
6364:Premium economy class
6087:Non-scheduled airline
5571:"Det gælder dit liv!"
5439:on 13 September 2006.
2714:"Promoting Diversity"
2401:. cabinmanagers.com.
2274:Scandinavian Airlines
2239:Air Canada Flight 797
2212:Air France Flight 358
2203:Flight Attendants on
2187:Air Canada Flight 797
2185:Flight attendants on
2167:Flight attendants on
2123:TWA flight attendant
2118:Air Florida Flight 90
2096:Barbara Jane Harrison
1734:
1719:
1690:
1653:
1302:
1179:
1058:Overland Park, Kansas
1026:communication studies
688:emergency evacuations
661:
626:
571:
416:
393:
377:
359:
313:aircraft used in the
274:
171:
75:
6982:Special use airspace
6892:Airport crash tender
6882:Aircraft safety card
6647:Cross-strait charter
6641:Bermuda II Agreement
5708:. twaflight843.com.
5460:on 30 November 2006.
4385:10.1136/oem.59.7.428
4100:Environmental Health
3594:"EARLY INSPIRATIONS"
3385:. First Hand. 2024.
3239:8 March 2018 at the
2850:. 16 February 2023.
2516:Pages, The Society.
1986:improve this article
1937:Madeline Amy Sweeney
1923:; Robert Fangman of
1917:September 11 attacks
1895:Roles in emergencies
1054:Trans World Airlines
948:improve this section
873:improve this section
734:improve this section
614:safety demonstration
534:improve this article
39:The Flight Attendant
33:The Flight Attendant
7060:Codeshare agreement
7012:Visual flight rules
6937:Controlled airspace
6912:Area control center
6877:Air traffic service
6872:Air traffic control
6721:Sabotage Convention
6706:Montreal Convention
6684:Freedoms of the air
6374:Basic economy class
6041:Commercial aviation
5553:"FSF Heroism Award"
5379:. Law.cornell.edu.
5200:The Washington Post
4741:"#MeToo in the Air"
4652:(Suppl 1): i8–i19.
4434:. 8 November 2018.
3660:on 17 November 2012
3656:CNN. Archived from
3527:on 20 December 2012
3383:"Flight Attendants"
2755:on 18 November 2018
2522:thesocietypages.org
2435:on 19 November 2012
2162:Richard Colvin Reid
1581:barometric pressure
1573:contagious diseases
1210:appropriate to the
810:sterile flight deck
610:emergency exit rows
7050:Bereavement flight
6664:Chicago Convention
6654:Beijing Convention
6643:(UK–US, 1978–2008)
6637:(UK–US, 1946–1978)
6092:Passenger airlines
5663:on 17 August 2008.
5639:on 6 January 2007.
5477:The New York Times
5415:on 22 August 2006.
5160:on 3 February 2009
4802:. 8 October 2018.
4541:10.1002/ajim.22608
4330:Mary, M. Connors.
4311:on 15 January 2017
3871:The New York Times
3711:University of Iowa
3285:. AuthorHouse UK.
3099:. 30 August 1991.
3097:The New York Times
3064:The New York Times
3030:The New York Times
2665:The New York Times
2616:The New York Times
2584:The New York Times
2289:Southwest Airlines
2169:Qantas Flight 1737
1834:(FARSA) or by the
1778:and other events.
1744:
1740:Singapore Airlines
1729:
1601:hormone disruptors
1472:ionizing radiation
1380:Uniform and makeup
1354:Singapore Airlines
1317:
1303:During the 1960s,
1188:
680:emergency landings
676:rejected take-offs
668:
636:
630:flight attendant,
581:
419:
366:
353:in December 1935.
284:
234:maritime transport
174:
150:commercial flights
88:, also known as a
82:
7227:Flight attendants
7214:
7213:
7175:Flight dispatcher
7070:Electronic ticket
7045:Airline timetable
6887:Airport authority
6794:Baggage allowance
6731:Warsaw Convention
6635:Bermuda Agreement
6469:Airport rail link
6391:Aircraft seat map
6386:Aircraft lavatory
6097:Regional airlines
6082:Low-cost airlines
5958:978-0-8122-4481-6
5272:978-0-87546-093-2
5134:978-0-7623-1310-5
3962:BMC Public Health
3749:978-0-19-974214-1
3282:Seven Floors High
2943:on 26 August 2016
2911:on 16 August 2018
2886:978-0-316-07166-6
2631:. 12 March 2021.
2502:978-1-908843-15-9
2194:USAir Flight 1016
2018:
2017:
2010:
1958:Other emergencies
1911:11 September 2001
1856:Lyndon B. Johnson
1786:Flight attendant
1748:National Airlines
1685:The Managed Heart
1645:sexual harassment
1639:Sexual harassment
1551:Cabin air quality
1422:Health conditions
1321:traditional dress
1284:. In March 1962,
1272:Eastern Air Lines
1228:department stores
1022:foreign languages
984:
983:
976:
909:
908:
901:
770:
769:
762:
566:
565:
558:
437:Ruth Carol Taylor
323:Key West, Florida
266:command structure
143:
129:
115:
101:
78:Austrian Airlines
16:(Redirected from
7244:
6942:Evacuation slide
6902:Airport security
6799:Baggage carousel
6726:Tokyo Convention
6659:Cape Town Treaty
6494:Domestic airport
6474:Airport terminal
6459:Airport check-in
6421:Inflight smoking
6306:Flight attendant
6135:Vanilla Alliance
6072:Charter airlines
6034:
6027:
6020:
6011:
5991:
5962:
5950:
5939:
5910:
5880:
5879:
5873:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5855:
5849:. Archived from
5844:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5728:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5706:"TWA Flight 843"
5702:
5696:
5695:
5689:
5681:
5679:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5655:
5647:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5631:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5606:
5599:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5583:on 15 June 2007.
5582:
5575:
5567:
5561:
5560:
5559:on 14 July 2009.
5549:
5543:
5542:
5541:on 20 July 2009.
5535:"History of PIA"
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5468:
5462:
5461:
5450:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5431:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5407:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5373:
5367:
5366:
5358:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5338:. Archived from
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5280:
5274:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5186:on 21 June 2006.
5176:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5156:. Archived from
5144:
5138:
5137:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5036:
5030:
5029:
4998:Service Business
4993:
4987:
4986:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4894:
4888:
4887:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4825:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4737:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4677:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4560:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4424:
4415:
4414:
4404:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4336:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4307:. Archived from
4296:
4290:
4289:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4210:
4201:
4200:
4190:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4133:
4115:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4066:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4022:. 26 June 2018.
4012:
4006:
4005:
3995:
3977:
3953:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3819:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3713:. Archived from
3702:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3560:
3554:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3523:. Archived from
3517:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3468:. Archived from
3462:
3456:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3417:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3250:
3244:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3032:. 11 July 1986.
3022:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2999:. Archived from
2991:Tiemeyer, Phil.
2988:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2932:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2825:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2751:. Archived from
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2728:on 24 March 2006
2724:. Archived from
2709:
2703:
2702:
2674:
2668:
2667:. 17 March 2012.
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2625:
2619:
2612:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2575:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2395:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2330:
2321:flight attendant
2315:
2300:
2291:flight attendant
2285:
2270:
2261:flight attendant
2255:
2034:Pan Am Flight 73
2013:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1970:
1962:
1881:flight attendant
1706:emotional labour
1680:Arlie Hochschild
1671:emotional labour
1665:Emotional labour
1633:secondhand smoke
1611:Sleep disruption
1597:flame retardants
1519:human carcinogen
1476:upper atmosphere
1440:gastrointestinal
1362:Vietnam Airlines
1342:Parang Gondosuli
1330:Garuda Indonesia
1276:nurses' uniforms
1181:Garuda Indonesia
1149:Carole Middleton
1087:, and security.
1034:public relations
1030:business studies
979:
972:
968:
965:
959:
928:
920:
904:
897:
893:
890:
884:
853:
845:
834:
826:
818:
794:
784:
765:
758:
754:
751:
745:
714:
706:
684:depressurization
602:carry-on baggage
561:
554:
550:
547:
541:
518:
510:
506:Responsibilities
457:Capitol Airlines
423:registered nurse
404:
403:
399:
347:Great Depression
330:registered nurse
303:Western Airlines
287:Imperial Airways
182:passenger trains
142:
141:
140:
135:
128:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
98:
93:
86:flight attendant
60:The Stewardesses
21:
7252:
7251:
7247:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7217:
7216:
7215:
7210:
7179:
7170:Baggage handler
7146:
7100:Open-jaw ticket
7075:Fare basis code
7022:Airline tickets
7016:
6957:Flight recorder
6859:Aviation safety
6853:
6829:Checked baggage
6814:Baggage handler
6809:Baggage reclaim
6775:
6735:
6716:Rome Convention
6611:
6588:
6576:Travel document
6528:
6435:
6335:
6311:Flight engineer
6267:
6144:
6101:
6043:
6038:
6008:
5980:
5965:
5959:
5942:
5928:
5913:
5907:
5892:
5889:
5887:Further reading
5884:
5883:
5866:
5859:
5857:
5856:on 21 June 2006
5853:
5847:www.casa.gov.au
5842:
5840:"Archived copy"
5838:
5837:
5833:
5823:
5821:
5820:on 30 July 2008
5812:
5811:
5807:
5797:
5795:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5765:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5741:
5739:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5715:
5713:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5682:
5677:
5673:
5672:
5668:
5660:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5636:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5580:
5573:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5518:
5516:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5486:
5484:
5479:. p. 117.
5470:
5469:
5465:
5452:
5451:
5444:
5436:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5412:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5386:
5384:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5345:
5343:
5342:on 4 March 2016
5334:
5333:
5329:
5319:
5317:
5308:
5307:
5303:
5293:
5291:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5265:
5261:
5251:
5249:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5163:
5161:
5148:"Ask the pilot"
5146:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5079:
5078:
5074:
5059:
5038:
5037:
5033:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4975:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4942:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4909:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4876:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4843:
4827:
4826:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4800:The Independent
4794:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4754:
4752:
4739:
4738:
4729:
4719:
4717:
4704:. 21 May 2018.
4696:
4695:
4691:
4646:Tobacco Control
4639:
4638:
4634:
4624:
4622:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4594:
4592:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4470:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4441:
4439:
4426:
4425:
4418:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4314:
4312:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4212:
4211:
4204:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4020:The Independent
4014:
4013:
4009:
3955:
3954:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3903:. 9 June 2023.
3901:www.cbsnews.com
3895:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3812:
3805:
3803:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3778:
3776:
3763:Tucker, Erika.
3762:
3761:
3757:
3750:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3689:
3687:
3686:on 7 March 2014
3678:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3634:
3632:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3603:
3601:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3568:Chicago Tribune
3562:
3561:
3557:
3547:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3501:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3454:Wayback Machine
3443:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3392:
3390:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3363:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3302:
3300:
3293:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3241:Wayback Machine
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3006:
3004:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2934:
2933:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2818:
2811:
2809:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2722:Alaska Airlines
2711:
2710:
2706:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:Wayback Machine
2652:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2577:
2576:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2371:Aviation portal
2369:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2341:
2331:
2322:
2316:
2307:
2301:
2292:
2286:
2277:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2247:
2139:Lockheed L-1011
2092:BOAC Flight 712
2014:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1983:
1971:
1960:
1927:; Renee May of
1913:
1897:
1851:
1784:
1765:beauty pageants
1736:Singapore Girls
1714:
1682:, in her book,
1669:The concept of
1667:
1641:
1629:in-flight smoke
1625:
1613:
1575:, particularly
1553:
1503:
1480:disrupted sleep
1456:cervical cancer
1424:
1408:Virgin Atlantic
1401:British Airways
1382:
1294:Hainan Airlines
1268:United Airlines
1256:
1174:
1157:
1126:
1002:
997:
980:
969:
963:
960:
945:
929:
918:
905:
894:
888:
885:
870:
854:
843:
832:
824:
816:
802:Delta Air Lines
792:
782:
766:
755:
749:
746:
731:
715:
704:
606:dangerous goods
562:
551:
545:
542:
531:
519:
508:
489:
445:Mohawk Airlines
401:
397:
396:
362:Qantas Airlines
338:United Airlines
293:planes between
178:passenger ships
166:
138:
137:
124:
123:
110:
109:
96:
95:
68:
44:
28:
23:
22:
18:Airline steward
15:
12:
11:
5:
7250:
7248:
7240:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7219:
7218:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7208:
7206:Mile high club
7203:
7198:
7193:
7187:
7185:
7181:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7156:
7154:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7142:Travel website
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7117:Red-eye flight
7114:
7109:
7102:
7097:
7095:One-way travel
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7065:Continent pass
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7040:Airline ticket
7037:
7032:
7026:
7024:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6967:Overwing exits
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6917:Brace position
6914:
6909:
6907:Airspace class
6904:
6899:
6897:Airport police
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6863:
6861:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6785:
6783:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6745:
6743:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6701:Hague Protocol
6698:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6638:
6632:
6621:
6619:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6598:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6561:Departure card
6558:
6551:Border control
6548:
6542:
6540:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6464:Airport lounge
6461:
6456:
6451:
6445:
6443:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6381:Aircraft cabin
6378:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6359:Business class
6356:
6345:
6343:
6337:
6336:
6334:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6321:Aircraft pilot
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6291:Second officer
6288:
6283:
6277:
6275:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6242:Other regions
6240:
6239:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6192:United States
6190:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6157:International
6154:
6152:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6142:
6140:U-FLY Alliance
6137:
6132:
6130:Value Alliance
6127:
6122:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6014:
6007:
6006:External links
6004:
6003:
6002:
5978:
5963:
5957:
5940:
5926:
5911:
5906:978-0822339465
5905:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5831:
5805:
5775:
5749:
5723:
5697:
5666:
5642:
5618:
5586:
5562:
5544:
5526:
5515:on 14 May 2011
5494:
5463:
5442:
5418:
5394:
5368:
5353:
5327:
5301:
5275:
5259:
5244:. TTR Weekly.
5233:
5206:
5189:
5171:
5139:
5133:
5107:
5088:(5): 513–550.
5072:
5057:
5031:
5004:(3): 409–425.
4988:
4974:978-0520048003
4973:
4955:
4941:978-0520048003
4940:
4922:
4908:978-0520048003
4907:
4889:
4875:978-0520048003
4874:
4856:
4842:978-0520048003
4841:
4817:
4787:
4775:www.twu.com.au
4762:
4727:
4689:
4632:
4615:www.cancer.org
4602:
4572:
4535:(7): 532–537.
4515:
4496:(3): 211–215.
4480:
4449:
4416:
4379:(7): 428–433.
4359:
4341:. p. 13.
4322:
4291:
4264:(4): 433–439.
4248:
4221:(5): 514–521.
4202:
4165:(2): 192–203.
4145:
4086:
4057:(3): 127–132.
4037:
4007:
3945:
3918:
3888:
3857:
3827:
3786:
3755:
3748:
3728:
3697:
3671:
3645:
3615:
3585:
3555:
3538:
3512:
3483:
3472:on 11 May 2013
3457:
3436:
3404:
3374:
3345:
3313:
3291:
3271:
3245:
3225:
3199:
3169:
3140:
3114:
3081:
3047:
3014:
3003:on 20 May 2007
2980:
2954:
2922:
2892:
2885:
2865:
2833:
2792:
2766:
2739:
2718:Alaska's World
2704:
2685:(1): 123–142.
2669:
2646:
2620:
2602:
2565:
2554:on 7 July 2011
2539:
2508:
2501:
2477:
2446:
2416:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2358:
2355:
2350:Main article:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2219:
2208:
2201:
2190:
2183:
2172:
2165:
2154:
2143:
2135:TWA Flight 843
2132:
2129:TWA Flight 847
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2089:
2079:
2076:brace position
2069:
2059:
2045:
2028:Senior Purser
2026:
2016:
2015:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1912:
1909:
1896:
1893:
1877:gender-neutral
1869:Diaz v. Pan Am
1850:
1849:Discrimination
1847:
1783:
1780:
1738:, featured in
1713:
1710:
1666:
1663:
1649:sexual assault
1640:
1637:
1624:
1621:
1612:
1609:
1552:
1549:
1502:
1499:
1464:thyroid cancer
1423:
1420:
1381:
1378:
1255:
1252:
1173:
1170:
1156:
1153:
1125:
1122:
1077:defibrillation
1050:Breech Academy
1001:
998:
996:
995:Qualifications
993:
982:
981:
932:
930:
923:
917:
914:
907:
906:
857:
855:
848:
842:
839:
838:
837:
829:
821:
813:
774:audible chimes
768:
767:
750:September 2021
718:
716:
709:
703:
700:
696:water landings
644:smoke detector
564:
563:
522:
520:
513:
507:
504:
488:
485:
476:Diaz v. Pan Am
431:military nurse
386:New York Times
372:New York Times
209:Heinrich Kubis
165:
162:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7249:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7184:Miscellaneous
7182:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7153:
7149:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7137:Travel agency
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7107:
7104:Overbooking (
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7055:Boarding pass
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7019:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
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6679:Flight permit
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6602:Hypermobility
6600:
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6524:Transit hotel
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6369:Economy class
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6286:First officer
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6125:Star Alliance
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6077:Flag carriers
6075:
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6068:
6067:Cargo airline
6065:
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6060:
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6057:Airline codes
6055:
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5788:theage.com.au
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5675:"NTSB Report"
5670:
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5643:
5635:
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5627:"Am I alive?"
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5218:. 7NEWS App.
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4702:The Economist
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4305:Airport World
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3840:ThinkProgress
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3717:on 3 May 2015
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3596:. Airfrance.
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2159:
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2137:, when a TWA
2136:
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2126:
2125:Uli Derickson
2122:
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2042:Ashoka Chakra
2039:
2035:
2031:
2030:Neerja Bhanot
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2001:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1975:This section
1973:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
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1742:' advertising
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1492:
1488:
1483:
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1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:breast cancer
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:breast cancer
1421:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1404:
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1397:
1394:
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1322:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1281:haute couture
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:Haute couture
1253:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
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1101:
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1011:
1007:
999:
994:
992:
989:
978:
975:
967:
957:
953:
949:
943:
942:
938:
933:This section
931:
927:
922:
921:
915:
913:
903:
900:
892:
882:
878:
874:
868:
867:
863:
858:This section
856:
852:
847:
846:
840:
835:
830:
827:
822:
819:
814:
811:
807:
803:
799:
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789:
785:
780:
779:
778:
775:
764:
761:
753:
743:
739:
735:
729:
728:
724:
719:This section
717:
713:
708:
707:
701:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
665:
660:
656:
654:
650:
645:
641:
633:
629:
625:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
579:
575:
570:
560:
557:
549:
539:
535:
529:
528:
523:This section
521:
517:
512:
511:
505:
503:
500:
499:is required.
496:
492:
486:
484:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
432:
428:
424:
415:
411:
406:
392:
390:
389:classified ad
387:
381:
376:
374:
373:
363:
358:
354:
352:
348:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:Ford Trimotor
288:
281:
277:
273:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:" as used in
231:
230:chief steward
226:
224:
223:
217:
216:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
170:
163:
161:
159:
155:
154:business jets
151:
147:
133:
119:
105:
91:
87:
79:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:
56:
54:
49:
42:
40:
35:
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6932:Control zone
6927:Control area
6849:Luggage lock
6839:Lost luggage
6834:Hand luggage
6804:Baggage cart
6584:(Electronic)
6546:Arrival card
6479:Airside pass
6431:Sickness bag
6406:Buy on board
6401:Airline seat
6396:Airline meal
6349:Travel class
6331:Dead mileage
6305:
6150:Trade groups
5999:Google Books
5992:
5968:
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2419:
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2393:
2259:Air Dolomiti
2236:
2151:mentally ill
2100:George Cross
2023:TWA Flight 1
2004:
1995:
1984:Please help
1979:verification
1976:
1953:
1914:
1898:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1879:alternative
1872:
1868:
1865:
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1676:emotion work
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1577:tuberculosis
1554:
1542:
1538:skin cancers
1534:UV radiation
1531:
1504:
1484:
1468:skin cancers
1425:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1390:
1383:
1345:
1341:
1326:Thai Airways
1318:
1279:
1257:
1189:
1172:Presentation
1158:
1129:Multilingual
1127:
1115:
1108:
1095:
1089:
1065:firefighting
1062:
1042:
1003:
985:
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961:
946:Please help
934:
910:
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871:Please help
859:
841:Chief purser
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781:
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732:Please help
720:
669:
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532:Please help
527:verification
524:
501:
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490:
475:
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447:flight from
435:
427:World War II
420:
408:
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383:
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364:flight, 1949
334:Ellen Church
327:
319:Havana, Cuba
285:
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7106:Overselling
6977:Sky marshal
6843:WorldTracer
6759:Eurocontrol
6581:Travel visa
6538:Immigration
6454:Airline hub
6354:First class
6301:Relief crew
4432:www.cdc.gov
3769:Global News
3623:Street, F.
3611:collection.
3444:(in French)
3418:. faa.gov.
3256:. Bls.gov.
3182:www.bls.gov
2532:1 September
2182:passengers.
2048:Naila Nazir
1998:August 2020
1889:cabin staff
1795:stereotypes
1569:respiratory
1491:skin cancer
1135:, Spanish,
1008:; e.g. the
964:August 2020
889:August 2020
664:Germanwings
546:August 2008
336:. Hired by
305:(1928) and
207:The German
7221:Categories
7196:Air travel
6509:Jet bridge
6316:Loadmaster
5988:1309091093
5860:15 January
5824:15 January
5798:15 January
5768:15 January
5742:15 January
5346:9 December
5320:9 December
5294:25 January
3968:(1): 346.
3531:22 October
3502:31 January
3476:9 February
3429:22 October
3393:31 January
3364:31 January
2935:Barry, K.
2903:Barry, K.
2812:9 December
2785:9 December
2759:9 December
2747:Barry, K.
2732:7 November
2385:References
2153:passenger.
1949:hijackings
1885:cabin crew
1873:stewardess
1721:Air Serbia
1593:pesticides
1309:miniskirts
1286:Air France
1244:miniskirts
1200:epaulettes
1168:purposes.
806:Boeing 787
692:hijackings
590:life-vests
586:turbulence
258:documented
246:chief mate
222:Hindenburg
190:cabin crew
158:cabin crew
104:stewardess
53:Stewardess
48:Cabin Crew
7191:Air cargo
6449:Aerodrome
6107:Alliances
5936:871014980
5716:6 January
5214:Tran, C.
5153:Salon.com
5102:1468-0432
5067:150082931
5026:144953839
5018:1862-8508
4710:0013-0613
4666:0964-4563
4549:0271-3586
4502:0095-6562
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4278:0095-6562
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4179:1044-3983
4122:1476-069X
4073:1195-1982
3984:1471-2458
3264:22 August
2915:22 August
2699:145145762
2558:22 August
2470:22 August
2439:22 August
2429:About.com
1933:Betty Ong
1825:long-haul
1776:Wimbledon
1543:The U.S.
1501:Radiation
1413:In 2023,
1406:In 2019,
1370:Air India
1350:Malaysian
1340:motif of
1236:milliners
1232:designers
1224:publicity
1216:navy blue
1166:aesthetic
1141:Cantonese
1100:propeller
1069:first aid
935:does not
860:does not
721:does not
672:first aid
468:Title VII
462:The U.S.
315:Caribbean
198:engineers
7132:Tracking
6867:Air rage
6566:Passport
6555:internal
6489:Boarding
6484:Airstair
6341:Airliner
6115:Oneworld
6049:Airlines
5870:cite web
5792:Archived
5762:Archived
5736:Archived
5710:Archived
5686:cite web
5602:Archived
5519:19 April
5481:Archived
5381:Archived
5314:Archived
5288:Archived
5246:Archived
5220:Archived
4831:(1983).
4804:Archived
4749:Archived
4714:Archived
4684:14985612
4619:Archived
4589:Archived
4567:27184412
4510:11908887
4467:Archived
4436:Archived
4411:12107289
4343:Archived
4286:24754205
4243:22606869
4197:25563432
4140:17897468
4081:16706942
4024:Archived
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3932:Archived
3905:Archived
3875:Archived
3844:Archived
3816:cite web
3800:Archived
3773:Archived
3629:Archived
3598:Archived
3572:Archived
3496:Archived
3450:Archived
3420:Archived
3387:Archived
3358:Archived
3338:18 April
3332:Archived
3297:Archived
3258:Archived
3237:Archived
3218:27 March
3212:Archived
3192:27 March
3186:Archived
3162:27 March
3156:Archived
3127:Archived
3107:22 April
3101:Archived
3074:22 April
3068:Archived
3040:22 April
3034:Archived
2967:Archived
2947:6 August
2852:Archived
2847:CBS News
2822:cite web
2806:Archived
2779:Archived
2657:Archived
2639:15 March
2633:Archived
2589:Archived
2526:Archived
2464:Archived
2409:30 April
2403:Archived
2357:See also
2339:Emirates
2337:bar for
2319:Wizz Air
2304:Swissair
2179:fuselage
2156:Crew on
1838:(EPMU).
1772:Emirates
1752:taglines
1725:Belgrade
1589:humidity
1557:headache
1444:cervical
1432:melanoma
1313:hotpants
1260:uniforms
1248:hotpants
1234:or even
1137:Mandarin
1124:Language
1104:turbojet
1052:, which
1000:Training
632:Belgrade
628:Aeroflot
574:EgyptAir
487:Overview
439:was the
215:Schwaben
186:aircraft
118:air host
7127:Standby
6789:Bag tag
6781:Baggage
6769:ENCASIA
6571:Timatic
6534:Customs
6441:Airport
6273:Aircrew
6207:Europe
6120:SkyTeam
5611:29 June
5487:22 July
5387:22 July
5252:17 July
5226:16 July
5164:14 July
4983:9280843
4950:9280843
4917:9280843
4884:9280843
4851:9280843
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4720:8 April
4675:1766146
4625:5 April
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4030:5 April
3993:5865289
3881:7 March
3850:7 March
3690:7 March
3664:7 March
3635:17 July
3627:. CNN.
3604:17 July
3578:7 March
2997:Genders
2973:22 July
2858:30 June
2595:22 July
2245:Gallery
1947:on the
1756:Orlando
1605:cancers
1585:hypoxia
1561:fatigue
1523:Britain
1513:of the
1448:thyroid
1436:uterine
1208:fabrics
1204:colours
1192:jackets
1162:EVA Air
1145:Bengali
1038:nursing
1018:degrees
1014:diploma
956:removed
941:sources
881:removed
866:sources
742:removed
727:sources
653:landing
594:torches
470:of the
433:corps.
400:⁄
380:health.
295:Detroit
242:British
220:LZ 129
202:cockpit
200:in the
164:History
152:, many
148:aboard
146:aircrew
132:hostess
90:steward
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6426:Galley
6326:Purser
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3133:14 May
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1792:sexist
1788:unions
1782:Unions
1587:, low
1567:, and
1487:breast
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1366:áo dài
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1264:nurses
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1196:skirts
1194:, and
1185:kebaya
1155:Height
1112:degree
988:purser
916:Purser
798:Airbus
788:Boeing
694:, and
649:galley
634:(2017)
478:. The
449:Ithaca
342:nurses
332:named
311:Fokker
238:purser
213:LZ 10
194:pilots
116:); or
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6256:AFRAA
6186:ISTAT
6176:IATAN
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5063:S2CID
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618:seats
598:cabin
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6749:ICAO
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6261:RAAA
6251:AAPA
6246:AACO
6236:ETWF
6226:EBAA
6171:IATA
6166:ATAG
5984:OCLC
5974:ISBN
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5932:OCLC
5922:ISBN
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5876:link
5862:2022
5826:2007
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5744:2007
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5692:link
5613:2020
5521:2011
5508:Time
5489:2018
5389:2015
5348:2016
5322:2016
5296:2014
5268:ISBN
5254:2024
5228:2024
5166:2006
5129:ISBN
5098:ISSN
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5014:ISSN
4979:OCLC
4969:ISBN
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4757:2019
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4706:ISSN
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4032:2019
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3781:2016
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3606:2024
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3533:2010
3504:2024
3478:2013
3431:2008
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3340:2018
3305:2024
3287:ISBN
3266:2012
3220:2019
3194:2019
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3135:2018
3109:2022
3076:2022
3042:2022
3009:2014
2975:2015
2949:2015
2917:2012
2881:ISBN
2860:2023
2828:link
2814:2016
2787:2016
2761:2016
2734:2011
2641:2021
2597:2018
2560:2012
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2497:ISBN
2472:2012
2441:2012
2411:2008
2335:A380
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1935:and
1805:The
1758:."
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1206:and
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937:cite
864:any
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817:Blue
783:Pink
725:any
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297:and
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262:rank
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6201:RAA
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