980:). The supervisory board is generally controlled by shareholders, although employees may have seats, depending on the size of the company. The management board directly runs the company, but its members may be removed by the supervisory board, which also determines the management board's compensation. Some German AGs have management boards which determine their own remuneration, but that situation is now relatively uncommon.
823:
53:
602:
1406:
560:
318:
1381:
999:
The equivalent terms in other countries include the following, which mostly mean literally either "share company/society" or "anonymous company/society".
1271:
515:
724:
419:
228:
1356:
407:
351:
310:
991:) and the external auditors. The board of directors may appoint and dismiss persons entrusted with managing and representing the company.
289:
77:
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1448:
356:
433:
334:
909:) requires all corporations to specify their legal form in their name, in order to inform the public of the limits on their
983:
The general meeting is the supreme governing body of a Swiss company limited by shares. It elects the board of directors (
259:
193:
1522:
1402:
443:
1527:
717:
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107:
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326:
102:
87:
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794:
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660:
597:
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1441:
A History of
Corporate Governance around the World: Family Business Groups to Professional Managers
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1118:(K.K.), originally derived directly from the German AG (the term is based on the German) until
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485:
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210:
205:
1471:
1223:
1114:
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949:
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988:
964:, Article 620. Article 950 specifies that the business name must indicate the legal form.
941:
933:
910:
775:
767:
665:
620:
343:
168:
810:" or "corporation" are typically used, technically the more precise equivalent term is "
1378:"English Translation of "Aktiengesellschaft" | Collins German-English Dictionary"
1511:
1123:
1086:
545:
427:
394:
44:
1003:
Argentina, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Peru, Spain, and other
Spanish-speaking countries –
1156:
1068:
972:
German AGs have a "two-tiered board" structure, consisting of a supervisory board (
783:
505:
495:
822:
786:. The term is used in Germany, Austria, Switzerland (where it is equivalent to a
1459:
878:
802:
for companies incorporated there. In the United
Kingdom, the equivalent term is
799:
779:
771:
641:
178:
163:
158:
1492:"The Codetermination Bargains: The History of German Corporate and Labour Law"
1214:
1119:
831:
698:
464:
414:
17:
1475:
1433:
670:
1483:
148:
1434:"Chapter 4: The History of Corporate Ownership and Control in Germany"
1147:
846:
1491:
52:
1303:
821:
897:
In
Germany and Austria, the legal basis of the AG is the German
874:
311:
Charitable incorporated organisation (England and Wales)
1045:(Akcionerno druzhestvo), derived directly from the German AG
853:, meaning company or society. English translations include
1462:(2001). "Ownership and Control of German Corporations".
1097:(Anonymos Etaireia) (A.E., but often translated as S.A.)
905:(abbr. AktG). Since the German commercial law (§ 19
27:
Type of business entity in German-speaking countries
873:. Shares in other types of German companies (e.g.,
1443:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 223–282.
1403:"What is an Aktiengesellschaft (stock company)?"
928:In Switzerland, the Company Limited by Shares (
925:as part of their name, frequently as a suffix.
319:Scottish charitable incorporated organisation
806:, and in the United States, while the terms "
718:
8:
1327:
841:is a compound noun made up of two elements:
738:
901:(abbr. AktG; "shares law") or the Austrian
778:ownership (i.e., one which is owned by its
1142:(SpA), derived directly from the German AG
917:) and Austrian stock corporations include
725:
711:
235:
31:
1178:(Publichnoe akcionernoe obschestvo) (ПАО)
1012:Belgium (Dutch language), Netherlands –
960:) is defined in Title Twenty-Six of the
1470:(4). Oxford University Press: 943–977.
1319:
1295:
1248:United Kingdom and Ireland (English) –
456:
381:
300:
238:
43:
1343:
1341:
420:Limited liability limited partnership
335:Industrial and provident society
1272:Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
830:, with a nominal value of 1,000
761:
748:
517:Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
7:
1335:translates as "joint-stock company".
1021:Belgium (French language), France –
1109:Indonesia – Perseroan Terbatas (PT)
1502:German Stock Corporations Act 1965
1432:Fohlin, Caroline (November 2005).
1349:"What Is AG (Aktiengesellschaft)?"
782:) whose shares may be traded on a
25:
1409:from the original on May 19, 2022
865:. In German, the use of the term
1496:Columbia Journal of European Law
562:Société à responsabilité limitée
51:
1464:The Review of Financial Studies
1384:from the original on 2023-07-02
1359:from the original on 2022-04-05
1259:cymdeithas cyhoeddus cyfyngedig
1439:. In Morck, Randall K. (ed.).
1175:Публичное акционерное общество
913:, all German (required by § 4
1:
1169:or "Societate anonimă" (S.A.)
750:[ˈaktsi̯ənɡəˌzɛlʃaft]
1302:A German-speaking region of
869:for shares is restricted to
444:Massachusetts business trust
631:Piercing the corporate veil
327:Community interest company
302:UK / Ireland / Commonwealth
290:Economic interest grouping
1549:
1326:Google Translate reports "
976:) and a management board (
845:meaning an acting part or
400:Limited liability company
1257:United Kingdom (Welsh) –
1130:made the form similar to
859:company limited by shares
611:Internal affairs doctrine
606:and estoppel corporations
1533:Types of business entity
35:This article is part of
885:(parts-of) rather than
281:Societas unius personae
143:General corporate forms
1490:McGaughey, E. (2016),
1405:. September 10, 2018.
1328:
1251:Public limited company
1132:Illinois corporate law
834:
804:public limited company
739:
593:Business judgment rule
1015:Naamloze Vennootschap
825:
746:German pronunciation:
537:Naamloze vennootschap
527:Kabushiki gaisha
344:Limited company
1476:10.1093/rfs/14.4.943
1278:Volkseigener Betrieb
1166:Societate pe acțiuni
1042:Акционерно дружество
871:Aktiengesellschaften
661:Beneficial ownership
598:Corporate governance
434:Delaware corporation
261:Societas cooperativa
1523:German business law
1190:akcionarsko društvo
1184:deoničarsko društvo
1128:Occupation of Japan
1036:(S.A. or S/A or SA)
962:Code of Obligations
863:joint-stock company
818:Meaning of the word
812:joint-stock company
676:Corporate registers
636:Rochdale Principles
390:Benefit corporation
216:Sole proprietorship
1528:Law of Switzerland
1329:Aktiengesellschaft
1284:S.A. (corporation)
1198:Akciová spoločnosť
1139:Società per azioni
1060:Akciová společnost
930:Aktiengesellschaft
919:Aktiengesellschaft
839:Aktiengesellschaft
835:
832:ℛ︁ℳ︁
795:società per azioni
740:Aktiengesellschaft
477:Aktiengesellschaft
449:Nevada corporation
1290:Explanatory notes
1242:Sociedade Anónima
1095:Ανώνυμος Εταιρεία
1057:Czech Republic –
1033:Sociedade Anônima
907:Handelsgesetzbuch
735:
734:
616:Limited liability
578:
577:
487:Ansvarlig selskap
374:Unlimited company
211:Shelf corporation
206:Shell corporation
194:Limited liability
16:(Redirected from
1540:
1487:
1458:Franks, Julian;
1454:
1438:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1345:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1324:
1307:
1300:
1115:Kabushiki gaisha
1103:Részvénytársaság
1051:dioničko društvo
1006:Sociedad Anónima
954:societad anonima
837:The German word
765:
763:[aːˈgeː]
760:
752:
747:
742:
727:
720:
713:
681:Registered agent
626:Drag-along right
566:
551:
541:
531:
521:
511:
501:
491:
481:
471:
440:
423:
403:
347:
338:
330:
322:
314:
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293:
285:
275:
271:Societas privata
265:
255:
236:
55:
32:
21:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1537:
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1457:
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1436:
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1426:Further reading
1423:
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1316:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1268:
1206:Delniška družba
1024:Société Anonyme
997:
970:
946:società anonima
938:société anonyme
895:
820:
789:société anonyme
758:
745:
731:
686:
685:
666:Civil procedure
656:
648:
647:
621:Tag-along right
588:
580:
579:
564:
549:
539:
529:
519:
509:
499:
489:
479:
469:
438:statutory trust
432:
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345:
342:
336:
328:
320:
312:
301:
291:
283:
273:
263:
253:
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231:by jurisdiction
230:
229:Corporate forms
221:
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201:Private limited
169:Holding company
144:
136:
135:
117:
63:
62:By jurisdiction
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1518:Law of Austria
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1233:Spółka akcyjna
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1019:
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996:
993:
985:Verwaltungsrat
969:
966:
894:
891:
826:Example of an
819:
816:
753:; abbreviated
733:
732:
730:
729:
722:
715:
707:
704:
703:
702:
701:
696:
694:Company portal
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408:Low-profit LLC
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119:European Union
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88:Cayman Islands
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1450:0-226-53680-7
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1224:Anonim Şirket
1220:
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1124:United States
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1034:
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1008:
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1002:
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995:Similar forms
994:
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981:
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959:
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951:
947:
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926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
892:
890:
888:
884:
881:) are called
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:share company
852:
848:
844:
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817:
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813:
809:
805:
801:
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691:
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669:
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664:
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659:
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655:Related areas
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629:
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622:
619:
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542:
538:
534:
532:
528:
524:
522:
518:
514:
512:
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502:
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494:
492:
488:
484:
482:
478:
474:
472:
467:
463:
462:
461:
460:
455:
450:
447:
445:
442:
439:
435:
431:
429:
428:S corporation
426:
424:
418:
416:
413:
409:
406:
405:
404:
398:
396:
395:C corporation
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
385:
382:United States
380:
375:
372:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
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333:
331:
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323:
317:
315:
309:
308:
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127:
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109:
108:United States
106:
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50:
49:
46:
45:Corporate law
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1495:
1467:
1463:
1440:
1411:. Retrieved
1397:
1386:. Retrieved
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1353:Investopedia
1352:
1322:
1298:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1188:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1157:Aksjeselskap
1155:
1146:
1137:
1113:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1069:Aktieselskab
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
998:
984:
982:
977:
974:Aufsichtsrat
973:
971:
953:
945:
937:
929:
927:
922:
918:
915:Aktiengesetz
914:
906:
903:Aktiengesetz
902:
899:Aktiengesetz
898:
896:
886:
882:
870:
866:
858:
854:
851:Gesellschaft
850:
842:
838:
836:
827:
808:incorporated
793:
787:
784:stock market
780:shareholders
754:
737:
736:
640:
603:
561:
546:
536:
526:
516:
507:Aksjeselskap
506:
497:Aktieselskab
496:
486:
476:
475:
465:
352:by guarantee
280:
270:
260:
249:
154:Conglomerate
98:South Africa
29:
18:Aktiengesetz
1504:translation
1460:Colin Mayer
1239:Portugal –
1203:Slovenia –
1196:Slovakia –
1187:(d.d.) and
1145:Malaysia –
1120:law reforms
1078:Aktsiaselts
1039:Bulgaria –
893:Legal basis
879:cooperative
800:South Tyrol
774:limited by
772:corporation
770:word for a
642:Ultra vires
362:proprietary
179:Partnership
174:Joint-stock
164:Corporation
159:Cooperative
1512:Categories
1498:23(1) 135.
1388:2022-04-05
1363:2022-04-05
1314:References
1215:Aktiebolag
1163:Romania –
1122:under the
1100:Hungary –
1087:Osakeyhtiö
1084:Finland –
1075:Estonia –
1066:Denmark –
1048:Croatia –
759:pronounced
699:Law portal
547:Osakeyhtiö
466:Aktiebolag
415:Series LLC
1230:Poland –
1221:Turkey –
1212:Sweden –
1181:Serbia –
1172:Russia –
1154:Norway –
1093:Greece –
1030:Brazil –
968:Structure
911:liability
587:Doctrines
357:by shares
73:Australia
1413:April 5,
1407:Archived
1382:Archived
1357:Archived
1266:See also
1136:Italy –
1112:Japan –
1062:– (a.s.)
978:Vorstand
671:Contract
604:De facto
436: /
250:Societas
68:Anguilla
37:a series
1484:2696732
958:Romansh
950:Italian
883:Anteile
766:) is a
571:more...
189:Limited
184:General
149:Company
129:Germany
113:Vietnam
1482:
1447:
1274:(GmbH)
1245:(S.A.)
1227:(A.Ş.)
1209:(d.d.)
1200:(a.s.)
1193:(a.d.)
1148:Berhad
1054:(d.d.)
1027:(S.A.)
1018:(N.V.)
1009:(S.A.)
989:German
942:French
934:German
887:Aktien
867:Aktien
849:, and
843:Aktien
798:) and
768:German
565:(SARL)
540:(N.V.)
530:(K.K.)
520:(GmbH)
468:
457:Others
422:(LLLP)
367:public
346:(Ltd.)
321:(SCIO)
292:(EEIG)
252:
124:France
83:Canada
1480:JSTOR
1437:(PDF)
1304:Italy
1280:(VEB)
1261:(ccc)
1254:(Plc)
1151:(Bhd)
1126:–led
1072:(A/S)
877:or a
861:, or
857:, or
847:share
828:Aktie
792:or a
776:share
500:(A/S)
490:(ANS)
402:(LLC)
337:(IPS)
329:(CIC)
313:(CIO)
284:(SUP)
274:(SPE)
264:(SCE)
93:India
1445:ISBN
1415:2022
1236:(SA)
1218:(AB)
1160:(AS)
1106:(Rt)
1090:(Oy)
1081:(AS)
875:GmbH
556:S.A.
550:(Oy)
510:(AS)
480:(AG)
470:(AB)
254:(SE)
1472:doi
987:in
956:in
948:in
940:in
932:in
921:or
814:."
78:BVI
1514::
1494:.
1478:.
1468:14
1466:.
1380:.
1355:.
1351:.
1340:^
952:,
944:,
936:,
923:AG
889:.
757:,
755:AG
103:UK
39:on
1486:.
1474::
1453:.
1417:.
1391:.
1366:.
1333:"
1306:.
744:(
726:e
719:t
712:v
20:)
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