350:
Akuapem's history as a literary dialect originates with its selection to serve as the basis of the Akan translation of the New
Testament, published in 1870 with a second edition in 1878, and the entire Bible, published in 1871. Both were written by the Gold Coast Basel Mission, principally by German
386:
in
English and Asante, only to find that, to their knowledge, "no proper written representation of the Fante or Asante dialect existed", delaying the dispatch of the summons for almost two weeks; all this even though an Akuapem New Testament had existed for three years and the entire Bible for two.
340:
It is an Akan dialect influenced by Fante, steering in the middle course between other Akan dialects and Fante in sounds, forms and expressions; it admits peculiarities of both branches as far as they do no contradict each other, and is, therefore, best capable of being enriched from both
403:(1881), written with reference to Akuapem, remain the definitive academic grammar and dictionary of Twi, despite the dialects' orthography, vocabulary, and grammar having changed in the century since their publication.
374:
Despite the publication of the Bible, Akan literacy would not be widespread among the Akan for some time, nor even among the
European colonizers. For instance, when British officer
674:
645:
328:
Akuapem was chosen as a representative dialect for Akan because the missionaries at Basel felt it a suitable compromise. Christaller, who had himself learned
764:
501:
A Grammar of the Asante and Fante
Language Called Tshi Chwee, Twi Based on the Akuapem Dialect with Reference to the Other (Akan and Fante) Dialects
1434:
375:
1696:
714:
599:
757:
378:, who was and still is known in Ghana as "Sargrenti" (a corruption of "Sir Garnet"), began his campaign into Ghana during the
82:
1892:
1427:
750:
352:
303:
162:
332:
but believed
Akuapem was the better choice, described the issue, and its solution, in the introduction to his 1875
167:
1533:
76:
325:. These would not be followed in the bibliography of Akuapem writing until the translation of the New Testament.
1451:
537:
Gilbert, Michelle (1997). "'No
Condition Is Permanent': Ethnic Construction and the Use of History in Akuapem".
92:
1801:
1305:
803:
379:
364:
1887:
1460:
1420:
1300:
259:
102:
1787:
1310:
1270:
1196:
1141:
918:
318:
315:
Grammatical
Outline and Vocabulary of the Oji Language with especial reference to the Akwapim Dialect
1736:
1571:
1376:
1201:
1126:
1053:
329:
733:
A Grammar of the Asante and Fante
Language Called Tshi Chwee, Twi Based on the Akuapem Dialect ...
1631:
773:
668:
639:
570:
562:
368:
309:
in 1842, but its written history begins in 1853 with the publication of two grammars, the German
1523:
1853:
1845:
1667:
1606:
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247:
143:
97:
49:
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988:
938:
905:
846:
574:
383:
306:
255:
236:
107:
87:
1865:
1591:
1511:
1498:
1216:
1136:
1043:
933:
868:
839:
356:
322:
243:
150:
704:
589:
499:
1809:
873:
519:
278:
of Akan, having been chosen as the basis of the Akan translation of the Bible.
434:
429:
558:
192:
180:
454:
1275:
993:
566:
742:
736:
Harvard
University. Printed for the Basel evang. missionary society.
692:. Vol. 1: Ethiopia-Ghana. New York, NY: Reference Publications.
550:
588:
Committee, Akan
Language; Languages, Ghana Bureau of Ghana (1995).
382:
in 1873, he intended to address his summons to war to Asante king
263:
39:
302:
Akuapem's orthography was first developed by missionaries at the
1412:
262:. There are 626,000 speakers of Akuapem, mainly concentrated in
1416:
746:
1478:
824:
412:
251:
112:
690:
The Encyclopaedia Africana Dictionary of African Biography
617:
A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante language called Tshi
401:
A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante language called Tshi
286:
The name Akuapem is thought to derive from either Akan
539:
Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
397:
A Grammar of the Asante and Fante language called Tshi
334:
Grammar of the Asante and Fante language called Tshi
1823:
1800:
1750:
1704:
1695:
1655:
1557:
1459:
1450:
1319:
1293:
1253:
1225:
1072:
904:
897:
812:
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780:
321:, nephew of the Gold Coast Basel Mission's founder
206:
190:
178:
173:
161:
156:
140:
65:
55:
45:
35:
21:
632:History of the Gold Coast and Asante 2nd edition
311:Elemente des Akwapim Dialects der Odshi Sprache
1428:
758:
8:
480:A Phonology of Akan: Akuapem, Asante, Fante
355:and native Akan linguists and missionaries
1701:
1456:
1435:
1421:
1413:
901:
765:
751:
743:
673:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
644:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
478:Schacter, Paul; Fromkin, Victoria (1968).
18:
524:Dictionary of African Christian Biography
250:, with which it is collectively known as
235:, is one of the principal members of the
27:
422:
666:
637:
730:Christaller, Johann Gottlieb (1875).
498:Christaller, Johann Gottlieb (1875).
7:
591:Language guide (Akuapem-Twi version)
513:
511:
493:
491:
489:
449:
447:
482:. Los Angeles: UC Press. p. 3.
661:A History of Christianity in Ghana
504:. Basel evang. missionary society.
14:
630:Reindorf, Carl Christian (1895).
520:"Christaller, Johannes Gottlieb"
615:Christaller, Johann G. (1881).
28:
1:
594:. Bureau of Ghana Languages.
688:Ofosu-Appiah, L. H. (1997).
518:Ofosu-Appiah, L. H. (1998).
353:Johann Gottlieb Christaller
1914:
410:
168:Akan Orthography Committee
709:. Greenwood. p. 34.
659:Debrunner, H. W. (1967).
290:("thousand subjects") or
26:
351:missionary and linguist
294:("thousand companies").
16:Dialect of Akan in Ghana
1306:Adamorobe Sign Language
804:Ghanaian Pidgin English
703:Gocking, Roger (2005).
440:(subscription required)
380:Third Anglo-Ashanti War
270:. It is the historical
1301:Ghanaian Sign Language
391:Grammar and dictionary
343:
1311:Nanabin Sign Language
619:. Basel. pp. XV.
365:Jonathan Palmer Bekoe
338:
260:mutually intelligible
898:Indigenous languages
813:Government-sponsored
706:The History of Ghana
1320:Immigrant languages
376:Sir Garnet Wolseley
258:, with which it is
61:626,000 (2013)
1893:Languages of Ghana
774:Languages of Ghana
317:, both written by
1875:
1874:
1796:
1795:
1691:
1690:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1410:
1409:
1289:
1288:
781:Official language
438:(18th ed., 2015)
319:Hans Nicolai Riis
266:and southeastern
240:dialect continuum
218:
217:
163:Regulated by
1905:
1850:Avikam–Alladian
1702:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1457:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1414:
902:
797:Creole languages
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738:
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727:
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451:
442:
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427:
361:Theophilus Opoku
313:and the English
276:prestige dialect
223:, also known as
214:
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183:
146:
71:
31:
19:
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551:10.2307/1161106
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413:Twi § Phonology
409:
393:
348:
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212:
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157:Official status
147:
142:
136:
72:
69:Language family
67:
58:
57:Native speakers
17:
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1294:Sign languages
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545:(4): 501–533.
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411:Main article:
408:
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395:Christaller's
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174:Language codes
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144:Writing system
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83:Atlantic–Congo
75:
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66:
63:
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59:
56:
53:
52:
50:Akuapem people
47:
43:
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37:
36:Native to
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1910:
1899:
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1888:Kwa languages
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1444:Kwa languages
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601:9789964200145
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307:Basel Mission
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1788:Nyangbo-Tafi
1534:Jwira–Pepesa
1491:
1461:Central Tano
1197:Nyangbo-Tafi
1142:Jwira-Pepesa
834:
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323:Andreas Riis
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103:Central Tano
399:(1875) and
369:Paul Keteku
229:Akwapem Twi
77:Niger–Congo
1882:Categories
1737:Santrokofi
1697:Ghana–Togo
1572:Chumburung
1452:Potou–Tano
1377:Portuguese
1202:Santrokofi
1127:Chumburung
464:2019-12-25
459:Ethnologue
435:Ethnologue
418:References
304:Gold Coast
213:tw-akuapem
93:Potou–Tano
1802:Ga–Dangme
1632:Nchumbulu
669:cite book
640:cite book
575:144245685
559:0001-9720
407:Phonology
292:akuw-apem
288:nkoa apem
282:Etymology
193:Glottolog
181:ISO 639-3
46:Ethnicity
1854:Alladian
1607:Ginyanga
1567:Cherepon
1382:Japanese
1276:Nafaanra
1122:Cherepon
1039:Tamprusi
1024:Safaliba
984:Mamprusi
969:Konkomba
663:. Accra.
634:. Accra.
272:literary
200:akua1239
1841:Adjukru
1773:Avatime
1768:Animere
1751:Ka-Togo
1705:Na-Togo
1529:Chakosi
1492:Akuapem
1392:Russian
1372:Chinese
1352:Italian
1342:Spanish
1337:Punjabi
1327:English
1235:Bambara
1117:Chakosi
1107:Avatime
1097:Animere
1029:Sisaala
1019:Paasaal
964:Kantosi
924:Chakali
914:Birifor
859:Dagbani
854:Dagaare
835:Akuapem
788:English
567:1161106
298:History
225:Akuapim
221:Akuapem
118:Akuapem
29:Akuapem
22:Akuapem
1859:Avikam
1836:Abidji
1824:Lagoon
1815:Dangme
1778:Bowili
1722:Lelemi
1717:Basila
1673:Eotile
1656:Others
1647:Ntrapo
1642:Nkonya
1627:Nawuri
1622:Krache
1617:Kplang
1602:Larteh
1539:Morofo
1524:Baoulé
1485:Asante
1469:Ahanta
1397:Danish
1387:Romani
1367:Arabic
1362:Hebrew
1347:German
1332:French
1281:Yoruba
1254:Others
1245:Tonjon
1192:Nkonya
1167:Lelemi
1162:Larteh
1157:Krache
1112:Bowili
1087:Ahanta
1009:Ntcham
979:Kusasi
959:Kamara
944:Frafra
864:Dangme
830:Asante
713:
598:
573:
565:
557:
455:"Akan"
367:, and
341:sides.
254:, and
248:Asante
233:Akwapi
231:, and
1846:Attié
1783:Kposo
1763:Akebu
1758:Ahlon
1732:Logba
1727:Likpe
1712:Adele
1683:Mbato
1678:Krobu
1668:Ebrié
1663:Abure
1637:Nkami
1612:Gonja
1597:Kyode
1587:Foodo
1582:Efutu
1577:Dwang
1559:Guang
1549:Sefwi
1544:Nzema
1519:Anyin
1507:Fante
1402:Dutch
1357:Hindi
1266:Hausa
1240:Ligbi
1227:Mande
1207:Sehwi
1187:Nkami
1177:Logba
1172:Likpe
1152:Kposo
1132:Efutu
1102:Anyin
1082:Adele
1059:Winye
1049:Vagla
1034:Talni
1004:Notre
999:Nabit
994:Mooré
974:Konni
954:Kabye
949:Hanga
929:Chala
889:Nzema
884:Kasem
879:Gonja
847:Fante
571:S2CID
563:JSTOR
346:Bible
330:Akyem
264:Ghana
256:Fante
151:Latin
40:Ghana
1898:Akan
1742:Siwu
1512:Wasa
1499:Bono
1474:Akan
1271:Mpur
1217:Wasa
1212:Siwu
1182:Mpra
1147:Kebu
1092:Anii
1064:Yobe
1054:Wali
1014:Nuni
989:Moba
939:Delo
919:Buli
840:Bono
820:Akan
711:ISBN
675:link
646:link
596:ISBN
555:ISSN
430:Akan
274:and
246:and
244:Bono
237:Akan
208:IETF
108:Akan
98:Tano
1866:Ega
1831:Abé
1592:Gua
1479:Twi
1261:Gbe
1137:Gua
1074:Kwa
1044:Tem
934:Deg
906:Gur
869:Ewe
825:Twi
547:doi
432:at
252:Twi
113:Twi
88:Kwa
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186:–
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