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1047:) de al-Hakam II, antes de su accesién al trono. En todo caso es evidente que sólo después de su adveni- miento fué cuando se preocupó de tener un hijo susceptible de sucederle. ¿Habrá que creer, según el mismo cronista, que fué la practica de este vicio, tan corriente en la España musulmana en todas las épocas, el que occasionó la paternidad tan tardía de al-Hakam II? Véase, sin embargo, Ibn Hazm,
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Ibn Bessam, copying Ibn Hayyan, says, "Among other virtues Al-hakem possessed that of paternal love in such a degree that it blinded his prudence and induced him to appoint a son of his, who was then a child, to be his successor, in preference to any of his brothers or nephews, all men of mature age,
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or "preference for boys". However, several historians render it as "paternal love", referring instead to him choosing his young son as a successor. The fact that he did not produce a suitable heir before the age of 46 has been ascribed either to him being more attracted to men,—although this is only
390:
His personal library was of enormous proportions. Some accounts speak of him having more than 600,000 books. The catalogue of library books itself was claimed to be 44 volumes long. Of special importance to Al-Hakam was history, and he himself wrote a history of al-Andalus. Following his death,
1158:) que le impulsó a nombrar y tomar juramento de fidelidad a su hijo menor en calidad de presunto heredero del califato, acto que tuvo lugar el 1 de Jumāda II del 365 (=5 febrero 975) en el Alcázar de Córdoba, La misma crítica basada en dicho argumento, la hace también Ibn al-Jaṭīb en sus
814:
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near the end of his life that curtailed his activities and may explain why he was unable to properly prepare his son for leadership. Modern scholars have speculated that, based on the historical descriptions of his death, it was another
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kingdoms of northern Iberia, and made use of the stability to develop agriculture through the construction of irrigation works. Economic development was also encouraged through the widening of streets and the building of markets.
457:. The mosque's prayer hall was extended 45 meters further south. This expansion added several of the building's most architecturally significant features that have survived to the present day, including a richly-decorated
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or a young man to make herself more attractive to al-Hakam (adopting a short haircut and wearing trousers), although it is also possible she did this in order to gain better access to the male-dominated royal court.
495:. She held sway and strong influence over the court. It is said that al-Hakam nicknamed her with the masculine name Ja'far. They had two sons, the first is Abd al-Rahman (962–970), who died young, and the second is
407:
was employed as Al-Hakam's private secretary. She was said to be "thoroughly versed in the exact sciences; her talents were equal to the solution of the most complex geometrical and algebraic problems".
1144:
Cabe señalar, por último, que sería bastante difícil dar credibilidad a la cuestión de la "paidofilia" de al-Hakam II en un pasaje de Ibn Hayyān tomado por al-Maqqarī -y viene más claro en el
1728:
1204:) y descartando así como heredero a algún adulto, bien fuese alguno de sus hermanos u otro miembro del linaje Omeya que pudiese haber desempeñado el imamato «sin favoritismos» (
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al-Mu'ayad, who was 11 years old at the time and during his minority under regency by
General Ghalib al-Nasiri, al-Mushafi, chief administrator of the late caliph, and
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2076:
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Ibn Hayyan, quien no duda en condenar la actuación de al-Hakam sobre su sucesión, acusándolo de haberse dejado llevar en exceso por el amor hacia el hijo (
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well versed in the management of affairs and in the command of the armies, capable of making their mandates obeyed, and of maintaining themselves in power.
426:(Abulcasis) was also active in Al-Hakam's court during his reign, while the leading figures of the Translation movement during the reign of Hakam were
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1737:
294:. The Fatimids were defeated in Morocco in 974, while Al-Hakam II was able to maintain the supremacy of the caliphate over the Catholic states of
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reported euphemistically in the sources,—or because he was too absorbed with his books to care for sensual pleasures. Subh may have dressed as a
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control, were dedicated to him. During his reign, a massive translation effort was undertaken, and many books were translated from
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significa "hijo", empleado en muchas ocasiones en los textos andalusíes para referirse a un infante Omeya, y no "efebo/s" (
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was gradually gaining influence as leader of the army in North Africa. He was chiefly preoccupied with repulsing the last
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Al-Hakam II succeeded to the
Caliphate after the death of his father Abd-ar-Rahman III in 961. He secured peace with the
1855:
1790:
1066:
Prado-Vilar, Francisco (1997). "Circular visions of fertility and punishment: caliphal ivory caskets from al-Andalus".
359:. His status as a patron of knowledge brought him fame across the Muslim world to the point that even books written in
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stroke, possibly brought on by the cold weather, that claimed his life in
October 976. He was succeeded by his son,
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1188:"Legalidad islámica y legitimidad política en el califato de Córdoba: la proclamación de Hisham II (360-66/971-76)"
476:, first built by his father Abd ar-Rahman III after 936, continued to be built up and renovated under al-Hakam II.
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en el contexto de una crítica de Ibn Ḥayyān dirigida a al-Ḥakam II por haberse dejado llevar por el amor al hijo (
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Arjona-Castro, A. (February 1997). "Cerebrovascular stroke, the cause of the death of the caliph al-Hakam II".
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Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo
Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press.
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Hay, indudablemente, algo de verdad en la alusién que un cronista musulmán (apud
Maqqari,
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376:
865:
Dodds, Jerrilynn D. (1992). "The Great Mosque of Córdoba". In Dodds, Jerrilynn D. (ed.).
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Revisiting al-Andalus: perspectives on the material culture of
Islamic Iberia and beyond
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Hakam himself was very well versed in numerous sciences. He had books purchased from
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Architecture of the
Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800
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The
Formation of al-Andalus, Part 2: Language, Religion, Culture and the Sciences
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956:"Mothers of a hybrid dynasty: Race, genealogy, and acculturation in al-Andalus"
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1051:, pág. 6, a propósito de la pasión que sentía el califa por su concubina Subh.
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1132:. Vol. 7. Árabes Fundación Ibn Tufayl de Estudios Árabes. p. 591.
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España musulmana hasta la caída del
Califato de Córdoba (711-1031 de J.C.)
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227:أَبُو الْعَاصٍ الْمُسْتَنْصِرِ بِاللهِ الْحَكْمِ بْن عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ
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1174:), y éste precedido por "hubb" indicaría lo que se ha dicho antes.
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E. J. Brill's First
Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913 - 1936 Volume III
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Starting in 961, al-Hakam II initiated a major expansion of the
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1710:
1382:
1020:
Analectes sur l'histoire et la littérature des Arabes d'Espagne
871:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 18–23.
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Whilst the internal administration was left increasingly to
1162:. Y no vamos a insistir in la evidencia de que el término
222:
Abū al-ʿĀṣ al-Mustanṣir bi-Llāh al-Hakam b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
1104:
The History Of The Mohammedan Dynasties In Spain Vol II
923:. In Anderson, Glaire D.; Rosser-Owen, Mariam (eds.).
753:
751:
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1255:, ed. Michael Gerli (New York: Routledge, 2003), 377.
921:"Madinat Al-Zahra; Transformation of a Caliphal City"
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kāna mimman istahwā-hu ḥubb al-walad wa-afraṭa fī-hī
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attacks (c. 970), and with the struggle against the
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813:Samsó, Julio; Fierro, Maribel (23 October 2019).
1126:al-Wasif, M. F. (2012). "Mustansir, al-Hakam".
799:History of the Moorish Empire in Europe Vol. 3
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960:Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies
840:Barrucand, Marianne; Bednorz, Achim (1992).
225:
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675:(in Spanish). Editorial NEREA. p. 66.
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400:had all "ancient science" books destroyed.
230:; 13 January 915 – 1 October 976), was the
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177:Abū al-ʿĀṣ al-Hakam III ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
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36:
898:. Yale University Press. pp. 69–77.
725:"Vikings raids on the Spanish Peninsula"
558:, his mother, assisted by her secretary
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729:Militaria. Revista de culturea militar
246:and Murjan. He ruled from 961 to 976.
168:
30:For 14th century caliph of Cairo, see
1107:. By W.H.Allen And Company. pp.
993:Christys, Ann Rosemary (2013-01-11).
7:
868:Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain
1043:, II, 59) hace a la «paidofilias» (
762:. Riyadh: Darussalam. p. 145.
226:
43:
1239:, Lexington Books, 2014, pp. 5, 22
1186:García-Sanjuán, Alejandro (2008).
25:
1033:Lévi-Provençal, Evariste (1957).
995:Christians in Al-Andalus 711-1000
842:Moorish architecture in Andalusia
784:Christians in Al-Andalus:711-1000
379:. He formed a joint committee of
27:Caliph of Córdoba from 961 to 976
1519:
1037:. Espasa-Calpe. pp. 447–8.
919:Vallejo Triano, Antonio (2007).
733:Complutense University of Madrid
614:
600:
586:
572:
2077:10th-century caliphs of Córdoba
1253:Encyclopedia of Medieval Iberia
1224:Histoire de l'Espagne musulmane
523:, is a reference to al-Hakam's
1249:Al-Hakam II, Caliph of Cordoba
796:Scott, Samuel Parsons (1904).
86:15 October 961 – 1 October 976
1:
1662:Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud
1648:Al-Qasim al-Ma'mun ibn Hammud
1101:De Gayangos, Pascual (1843).
786:, (Curzon Press, 2002), 142.
258:Dinar of al-Hakam II, 969 AD
234:. He was the second Umayyad
892:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
844:. Taschen. pp. 73–85.
758:Najeebabadi, Akbar (2001).
2133:
2092:Umayyad caliphs of Córdoba
997:. Routledge. p. 106.
802:. Lippincott. p. 447.
449:, completed by Al-Hakam II
29:
1771:al-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman
1693:
1517:
1416:
1367:
1358:
1350:
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1251:, Marilyn Higbee Walker,
1080:10.1163/22118993-90000368
387:Catholics for this task.
276:Ghālib ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān
176:
167:
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2097:10th-century Arab people
1866:Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman
1679:Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali
1655:Yahya ibn Ali al-Mu'tali
1192:Al-Qantara XXIX-1 (2008)
1129:Biblioteca de al-Andalus
972:10.1215/10829636-34-1-65
927:. Brill. pp. 3–26.
760:The History of Islam V.3
1641:Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir
1321:(subscription required)
1220:Évariste Lévi-Provençal
669:Bariani, Laura (2003).
541:Al-Hakam II suffered a
455:Great Mosque of Córdoba
424:Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
363:, which was under Arab
157:Abd al-Rahman (962–970)
66:Statue of al-Hakam II,
1851:Abu'l-Khattar al-Husam
1816:Muhammad ibn Abd Allah
702:. BRILL. p. 223.
503:Possible homosexuality
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315:Literature and science
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2102:Medieval LGBTQ people
1931:Abdallah ibn Muhammad
1801:Hudhaifa ibn al-Ahwas
1235:Ibtissam Bouachrine,
1150:-, en el cual figura
952:Ruggles, D. Fairchild
723:Scheen, Rolf (1996).
696:Brill, E. J. (1993).
445:
323:Dirham of al-Hakam II
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2117:LGBTQ heads of state
1811:al-Haytham ibn Ubayd
1806:Uthman ibn Abi Nis'a
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1340:Cadet branch of the
537:Death and succession
274:Al-Mushafi, general
54:al-Mustanṣir bi-llah
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2016:Al-Qasim ibn Hammud
1791:Udhra ibn Abd Allah
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472:The palace-city of
1894:Al-Ala ibn Mughith
1846:Thalaba ibn Salama
1831:Uqba ibn al-Hajjaj
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1318:Stirnet: Iberia04
1297:978-0-19-579868-5
1139:978-84-934026-0-0
1004:978-1-136-12730-4
934:978-90-04-16227-3
769:978-9960-892-93-1
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1466:Abd al-Malik
1359:
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1287:
1273:(2): 78–81.
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383:Muslims and
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290:in northern
269:
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51:
44:الحکم الثاني
40:Al-Hakam II
1982:Sulayman II
1972:Sulayman II
1967:Muhammad II
1957:Al-Hakam II
1875:Independent
1761:Abd al-Aziz
1610:Muhammad II
1600:Al-Hakam II
1496:Al-Walid II
1456:Mu'awiya II
1421:Family tree
1335:Banu Umayya
432:Ibn Masarra
428:Mutazilites
411:The famous
218:Al-Hakam II
132:(976-10-16)
91:Predecessor
32:Al-Hakim II
18:Al-Ḥakam II
2087:976 deaths
2082:915 births
2071:Categories
2052:Hisham III
1987:al-Mu'ayti
1926:al-Mundhir
1921:Muhammad I
1911:al-Hakam I
1742:al-Andalus
1695:indicates
1685:Hisham III
1588:(929–1031)
1565:al-Mundhir
1560:Muhammad I
1550:Al-Hakam I
1471:Al-Walid I
1446:Mu'awiya I
1267:Neurologia
878:0870996371
851:3822896322
739:2018-10-05
709:9004097899
641:References
517:al-Maqqari
240:Al-Andalus
163:(966–1013)
1977:Hisham II
1962:Hisham II
1749:Dependent
1620:Hisham II
1605:Hisham II
1533:(756–929)
1511:Marwan II
1501:Yazid III
1439:(661–750)
1371:Hisham II
1198:(1): 70.
1074:: 19–41.
1041:Analectes
980:170890527
966:(1): 73.
552:Hisham II
497:Hisham II
493:concubine
417:scientist
413:physician
310:Patronage
161:Hisham II
105:Hisham II
101:Successor
2002:Hammudid
1906:Hisham I
1699:usurpers
1697:Hammudid
1625:Sulayman
1615:Sulayman
1570:Abdullah
1545:Hisham I
1486:Yazid II
1476:Sulayman
1461:Marwan I
1365:961–976
1068:Muqarnas
954:(2004).
672:Almanzor
566:See also
560:Almanzor
398:Almanzor
381:Muwallad
329:Damascus
288:Fatimids
286:and the
264:Catholic
2004:caliphs
1506:Ibrahim
1451:Yazid I
1279:9147455
1088:1523234
469:domes.
421:surgeon
385:Mozarab
365:Abbasid
333:Baghdad
300:Castile
296:Navarre
292:Morocco
192:Umayyad
187:Dynasty
136:Córdoba
121:Córdoba
68:Córdoba
52:Khalifa
1491:Hisham
1295:
1277:
1172:gilmān
1147:Dajīra
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530:ghulam
490:Basque
467:ribbed
459:mihrab
419:, and
377:Arabic
361:Persia
355:, and
349:Medina
284:Zirids
280:Norman
211:Murjan
208:Mother
198:Father
141:Spouse
1426:Media
1168:gulam
1164:waled
1160:Aʿmāl
1084:JSTOR
976:S2CID
731:(8).
630:Moors
394:Hajib
375:into
373:Greek
369:Latin
357:Basra
345:Mecca
341:Cairo
272:vizir
172:Names
152:Issue
83:Reign
1481:Umar
1293:ISBN
1275:PMID
1134:ISBN
1111:-7.
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556:Subh
488:, a
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304:León
302:and
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